Program Reputation Research Articles

Capitalizing on sport labor migration: The role of ethnic capitalism in the discriminatory, regulatory, and exploitative environment for international college athletes in the United States

International college athletes (ICAs) are integral to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and lie at a particular social location as they are international students and college sport laborers. However, little research examines the discriminatory regulations toward ICAs by the NCAA, its member institutions, and the US federal government. Recent court rulings that permit college athletes to monetize their name, image, and likeness (NIL) do not benefit ICAs because of outdated and exclusionary restrictions imposed by federal immigration policies, visa laws, and US tax laws, which prohibit ICAs from having equitable rights, building their personal brand and professional careers. To examine the discrimination, regulation, and exploitation of ICAs by the US federal government and the NCAA, we apply the theory of ethnic capitalism, which highlights the marginalization of groups based on their ethnicity and national origin. In this setting, ICAs are treated as bodies of athletic labor, recruited for institutional gain and athletic program reputation to benefit US higher education institutions (HEIs). To conclude, we propose the need for the NCAA and its member institutions to treat ICAs equitably and include, support, and advocate for them, specifically regarding their inclusion in NIL on US lands.

How does residency program reputation influence American shoulder and elbow surgeons fellowship match results?

How does residency program reputation influence American shoulder and elbow surgeons fellowship match results?

Prospective healthcare students' perspectives and attitudes on pharmacy as a chosen career path

BackgroundWith the national increase in the number of colleges and schools of pharmacy as well as the decreased pharmacy school applicant pool in recent years, pharmacy school enrollment challenges are at the forefront of issues facing pharmacy programs today. Factors that can influence a candidate's likelihood to pursue pharmacy school are important to evaluate. Recent studies assessing factors that motivate potential pre-health candidates to pursue pharmacy school or other healthcare careers are limited. ObjectiveTo describe prospective candidates' perspectives and attitudes toward pharmacy as a career pathway and assess factors that motivate or deter them from pursuing pharmacy as a career and from considering a specific pharmacy school. MethodThe study was cross-sectional and used an online data collection form distributed via the Qualtrics platform from October 4, 2022 through October 12, 2022 using the social media platform Reddit. Reddit has hundreds of subcommunities known as subreddits, that allow for exchange of ideas and discussion regarding various topics. This social media platform is commonly used by pre-health students to discuss career options. The survey consisted of 28 items and two domains, demographics and prospective healthcare students' understanding of responsibilities of pharmacists and their overall perspective on pharmacy as a profession. The survey was targeted toward anyone with an intention of pursuing a health science degree or career. ResultFour hundred participants completed the survey. Participants were mainly Caucasian, male, and with a mean age of 25 years. This study assessed prospective candidates' perspectives and attitudes toward pharmacy as a career pathway, appealing and unappealing characteristics about pursuing a career in the field of pharmacy, and factors that motivate or deter candidates from pursuing pharmacy. While 68 % of the participants had heard that career choices are vast and vary in the field of pharmacy, most still had concerns about the pharmacy field being heavily saturated and lack of job opportunities after graduation. Almost 60 % of responders gained information about pharmacy programs through social media platforms. The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination pass rate, postgraduate residencies/fellowships, program duration and program reputation were among the top factors in choosing a pharmacy program. ConclusionMany survey participants had heard that there are a variety of job opportunities in the field of pharmacy, but the majority had heard that the pharmacy field is heavily saturated and that there are lack of opportunities after graduation. Most responders gained information through social media platforms. For prospective pharmacy school candidates, NAPLEX pass rate, number of graduates matched with PGY1 residencies and fellowships, and duration and reputation of the program seems to be among the most important factors in choosing a pharmacy program. Factors that prospective candidates consider when selecting a pharmacy program and the means they use to research about programs can be important considerations for pharmacy programs recruitment. Awareness of the preferences and baseline knowledge of candidates about the field of pharmacy can aid in developing targeted recruitment strategies and informing decision-making in pharmacy programs and recruitment efforts.

Exploring the impact of family, school and society on the perception and reputation of vocational training in Pakistan:a statistical analysis

PurposeThe Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) plays a crucial role in the socioeconomic development of a country. Still, it is often stigmatized as a secondary choice in the Global South. This study explored the interrelationships and impacts of factors such as family, school, and society on the perception and reputation of TEVTA.Design/methodology/approachBy employing quantitative methods, the analysis focused on how family, society, and school support influence these perceptions and reputations within TEVTA programs. Social Cognitive Theory is the theoretical underpinning of this study, in which 350 students from 13 TEVTA institutes participated by filling out questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and IBM SPSS 28.FindingsThis study indicates that family and societal influences significantly shape students' perceptions, confirming their pivotal role in enhancing the reputation of these programs. School support also emerged as a critical factor, significantly impacting students' perceptions but not directly influencing the programs' reputation. The analysis underscores the importance of understanding the sociocultural context to develop effective strategies for the TEVTA sector in Pakistan. This clear understanding is essential for developing effective strategies to improve the reputation of TEVTA programs in this setting. Moreover, this research offers policy suggestions to make vocational education more attractive and accessible to diverse students, ultimately contributing to the country's socioeconomic development.Originality/valueThis study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to explore how individual thoughts, environmental influences (such as family, school, and society), and behaviors interact within the context of TEVTA programs. This approach fills gaps in current research and offers a clearer understanding of what affects TEVTA's perception and reputation.

Factors Related to Clinical Performance in Spine Surgery Fellowship: Can We Predict Success.

The factors most important in the spine fellowship match may not ultimately correlate with quality of performance during fellowship. This study examined the spine fellow applicant metrics correlated with high application rank compared with the metrics associated with the strongest clinical performance during fellowship. Spine fellow applications at three academic institutions were retrieved from the San Francisco Match database (first available to 2021) and deidentified for application review. Application metrics pertaining to research, academics, education, extracurriculars, leadership, examinations, career interests, and letter of recommendations were extracted. Attending spine surgeons involved in spine fellow selection at their institutions were sent a survey to rank (1) fellow applicants based on their perceived candidacy and (2) the strength of performance of their previous fellows. Pearson correlation assessed the associations of application metrics with theoretical fellow rank and actual performance. A total of 37 spine fellow applications were included (Institution A: 15, Institution B: 12, Institution C: 10), rated by 14 spine surgeons (Institution A: 6, Institution B: 4, Institution C: 4). Theoretical fellow rank demonstrated a moderate positive association with overall research, residency program rank, recommendation writer H-index, US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, and journal reviewer positions. Actual fellow performance demonstrated a moderate positive association with residency program rank, recommendation writer H-index, USMLE scores, and journal reviewer positions. Linear regressions identified journal reviewer positions (ß = 1.73, P = 0.002), Step 1 (ß = 0.09, P = 0.010) and Step 3 (ß = 0.10, P = 0.002) scores, recommendation writer H-index (ß = 0.06, P = 0.029, and ß = 0.07, P = 0.006), and overall research (ß = 0.01, P = 0.005) as predictors of theoretical rank. Recommendation writer H-index (ß = 0.21, P = 0.030) and Alpha Omega Alpha achievement (ß = 6.88, P = 0.021) predicted actual performance. Residency program reputation, USMLE scores, and a recommendation from an established spine surgeon were important in application review and performance during fellowship. Research productivity, although important during application review, was not predictive of fellow performance. III. Cohort Study.

Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program Website Traffic Patterns Across Two Institutions and Five Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) Cycles.

Background Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020, medical residency program recruitment has become increasingly web-based due to the transition to virtual interviews. Although social media use by residency programs has soared during this time, applicant surveys show that official program websites remain the most used online resource. According to survey-based studies, the content that applicants favor on program websites tends to mirror their priorities in choosing programs. However, it is unclear whether applicant-reported priorities in program choice and website content truly drive program website traffic. In this analysis, we will elucidate website traffic patterns from two Internal Medicine residency programs and two Internal Medicine-Pediatrics programs, both in terms of the thematic content of high-traffic pages and changes in traffic patterns throughout the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application cycle. We will provide novel, data-driven guidance to residency program leadership regarding website content. Methodology For each of the four programs included in the analysis, total pageviews on a monthly basis were obtained for the annual ERAS application cycles taking place from 2017 through 2022. For one Internal Medicine program, data was only available for its current website from 2020 to 2022. The mean monthly pageviews were calculated for each page within each website. The total site traffic trends across each year and within high-traffic months were totaled as well. Results As expected, the highest traffic period for all programs in all years was the days before the application deadline, with a secondary, smaller spike in traffic around Match Day. In general, the most popular pages for all four programs were thematically in line with the top five applicant priorities in the 2022 National Resident Matching Program applicant survey, namely, geographic location, goodness of fit, program reputation, work/life balance, and current program residents. Three of the websites featured unique content that unexpectedly proved to be as popular as the top survey-reported topics, such as pages related to a new major clinical site, a new integrated subspecialty pathway, and, most profoundly, a pipeline program for certain applicants from groups that are underrepresented in medicine. Alumni career content was also heavily trafficked across all four programs. Conclusions Program directors should plan twice-yearly updates to residency program websites, timed to be finished by the start of the ERAS cycle in the fall, and again just before Match Day in March. Program directors should include specific, up-to-date information about unique program features. Future research should incorporate a more diverse variety of programs, software-based page content analysis, and traffic source data.

Student’s Willingness to Pay for Degree Program Based on Attributes

ABSTRACT Higher education offerings are evolving, and institutions are challenged with providing a grouping of services, or attribute set, with the highest value to students. Widening course offerings may present additional financial challenges to higher education institutions if the magnitude of the value of specific course attributes is unknown. In this study, students were surveyed to determine the willingness to pay for degree program attributes with respect to amount of time and location commitment, university reputation, degree program reputation and instructor reputation. Using a choice-based approach, marginal utilities are calculated along with willingness to pay measures for each variable. Results suggest that the largest premiums occur when time and location commitments are minimized, followed by a solid university reputation. Implications for higher education institutions may allow for customized pricing policies and efficient course offerings based on demand for the most valued structure of online delivery modes, and reputations of degree programs, instructors, and the institute of higher education. Course offerings could then be tailored to balance student demand and institutional resources.

Resources Utilized by Otolaryngology Fellowship Directors When Determining Reputations of Residency Programs.

Residency program reputation is consistently reported as an important factor by fellowship directors when considering applicants. This study sets out to determine resources fellowship directors rely on when determining residency program reputation. Cross-sectional study. Using an anonymous online survey of all 2022 Otolaryngology (OHNS) fellowship program directors. The 13-question survey sought to assess fellowship director's perspectives and resource utilization when determining residency program reputation. Representing all OHNS fellowship program directors and co-directors (N = 287), 103 responded to our survey, response rate 35.9%. Most participants reported that residency reputation was important for fellowship candidacy. On a Likert scale of 1 to 5, 1 being most important and 5 being not important, personal knowledge of the residency program (2.03 out of 5) and program faculty/mentor reputation (2.09 out of 5) were the most important factors cited. 63% were unfamiliar with the survey methodology of Doximity Residency Navigator (DRN), while 53% contributed to DRN by filling out surveys. Nearly all fellowship directors (N = 100, 97%) reported their rank list was not influenced by DRN. Most fellowship directors reported that US News and World Report (USNWR) and DRN were neither consistent nor inconsistent with their perceptions of residency reputations (38% and 56%, respectively), suggesting ambivalence toward these resources. Residency reputation is important for fellowship directors when evaluating fellowship candidates. Directors do not rely on USNWR, National Institute of Health (NIH) ranking, or DRN when gauging residency reputation, but rather personal knowledge of the applicant's residency program or reputation of the otolaryngology faculty.

"Top 20" residency-trained academic orthopaedic surgeons have higher academic productivity and funding in their careers.

"Top 20" status on Doximity, an online networking service for medical professionals, is an indicator of the reputation of a residency program. The study assesses how training at a Top 20 (T20) orthopaedic residency program impacts career productivity and funding. Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used in 2022 to identify active orthopaedic residency programs. Demographic and training data was collected for each orthopaedic surgeon using institutional websites and Doximity. The Residency Navigator feature on Doximity was used to rank residency programs by "reputation." Programs were categorized as either T20 or non-T20. The relative citation ratio (RCR) was calculated using the NIH iCite tool and Hirsch index (h-index) was calculated using Scopus. Industry funding was collected from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments Program (CMS) for all available years (2014-2020). A total of 2812 academic orthopaedic surgeons were included in the study. Among academic orthopaedic surgeons in the United States, T20 trained orthopedists had more publications and citations (p < 0.001), along with higher h-indices (p < 0.001), RCR (p < 0.001), and industry funding (p = 0.043). Additionally, T20 trained orthopedists were 1.375 times more likely to obtain professor status (95% confidence interval: 1.150-1.645, p < 0.001). Even after propensity-matched analysis, T20 trained orthopedists maintained these differences. Training at a T20 residency program is associated with promotion, productivity, and funding. These findings are especially of concern to medical students who must consider the importance of a residency program's reputation when deciding where to apply for residency.

Analysis of Anonymous Student Narratives About Experiences with Emergency Medicine Residency Programs.

Academic emergency medicine (EM) communities have viewed anonymous online communities (AOC) such as Reddit or specialty-specific "applicant spreadsheets" as poor advising resources. Despite this, robust EM AOCs exist, with large user bases and heavy readership. Insights about applicants' authentic experiences can be critical for applicants and program leadership decision-making. To date, there are no EM studies to qualitatively assess EM AOC narratives during the application cycle. Our goal was to perform a qualitative analysis of students' EM program experiences through a publicly available AOC. This was a qualitative analysis of a publicly available, time-stamped, user-locked AOC dataset: "Official 2020-2021 Emergency Medicine Applicant Spreadsheet." We extracted and then de-identified all data from selected sub-sheets entitled "Virtual Interview Impressions" and "Rotation Impressions." Four investigators used constant comparative method to analyze the data inductively, and they subsequently met to generate common themes discussed by students. Preliminary thematic analysis was conducted on a random sample of 37/183 (20%) independent narratives to create the initial codebook. This was used and updated iteratively to analyze the entire narrative set consisting of 841 discrete statements. Finally, two unique codes were created to distinguish whether the identified sub-themes, or program attributes, were likely "modifiable" or "non-modifiable." We identified six major themes: living and working conditions; interpersonal relationships; learning experiences, postgraduate readiness, and online/virtual supplements. Common sub-themes included patient population (13%); resident personality (7%); program leadership personality (7%); relationship with faculty/leadership (6%); geography (4%); practice setting (4%); program reputation (4%), and postgraduate year-3 experiences (4%). Modifiable sub-themes outnumbered non-modifiable sub-themes, 60.7% to 39.3%. In this analysis of selected medical students' narratives in an AOC, the majority of identified themes represented topics that may serve as external feedback for EM residency programs and their clerkships. Selective use of AOCs may set a precedent for future program assessments by applicants and inform program leadership of important programmatic elements in the eyes of applicants. It elucidates important themes in their interactions or learning experiences with programs and creates opportunities for learner-centric program improvement.

The Relative Importance of Factors That Applicants Weigh When Ranking Adult Reconstruction Fellowships as Well as Their Perspectives on Robotic-Assisted Arthroplasty

BackgroundOrthopedic Surgery Fellowship programs offer highly specialized training that varies based on the training environment and surgical experience. Additionally, for Adult Reconstruction programs, robotic-assisted surgery exposure has been a widely discussed topic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative value of various factors to Adult Hip and Knee Fellowship applicants, and their perceptions of robotic-assisted arthroplasty. MethodsWe surveyed 780 applicants who applied to our fellowship to matriculate in 2020 to 2024. We received 158 responses (20.3% response rate). We assessed factors concerning people and perceptions, logistics, salary and benefits, program reputation and curriculum, and surgical experience. Additionally, we surveyed fellows’ attitudes toward using robotic surgery and its impact on patient outcomes. ResultsThe highest-rated factors were Level of Hands-On Operative Experience (4.83), Revision Hip Volume (4.72), Revision Knee Volume (4.71), Multiple Surgical Exposures to the Hip (4.59), and Clinical Case Variety (4.59). Respondents who were postfellowship matriculation placed significantly more value on Exposure to Multiple Attendings with Surgical Diversity (P = .01), and Anterior Hip Volume (P = .04), and less value on Geographic Location (P = .04) and Patient-Specific Instrumentation (P = .02) than prematriculates. Overall, 65% of applicants plan to or currently use robotics, 7.6% do not, and 27.2% said “Maybe”. Those who plan to or currently use robotics most cited procedure fidelity, patient-preference, and marketability as reasons to use robotics. ConclusionsHands-on surgical experience and revision volume were the most important factors for fellowship applicants. Applicants placed lower importance on robotics exposure and their perspectives on robotics in their future practice were highly variable. Our results will inform fellowship programs and future applicants what previous applicants have valued in their training to help guide fellowship program structure, resource management, as well as recruitment.

Factors affecting residency selection for underrepresented minorities pursuing orthopaedic surgery

BackgroundThe United States is increasingly diverse and there are many benefits to an equally diverse physician workforce. Despite this, the percentage of under-represented minorities in orthopaedic surgery has remained stagnant. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics underrepresented minorities pursuing orthopaedic surgery value most when evaluating residency programs. MethodsThe contact information of current underrepresented minority orthopaedic surgery residents were obtained through professional society databases, residency program coordinators and residency program websites. Individuals were sent a survey through which they evaluated the importance of a variety of program characteristics. ResultsThe most influential program characteristics were resident happiness and camaraderie, program reputation, geographic location, and relationships between residents and attendings. The least influential characteristics were sub-internship scholarship opportunities for minorities, program affiliation with diversity organizations, word of mouth from others, number of fellows, and centralized training sites. ConclusionsThere is a need to diversify the field of orthopaedic surgery, which begins by selecting more diverse trainees. This study demonstrates that underrepresented applicants are most influenced by many of the same characteristics as their well-represented peers. However, diversity-related factors still play an important role in the decision-making process. Many residents highlighted the impact microaggressions and mistreatment played in their residency experience, emphasizing the need for residency programs to focus not only on recruitment, but also on the successes and retention of their residents. Only once this is done will the field of orthopaedic surgery find sustained improvement in its diversification efforts.

Poster 154: Top Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellowship Programs as Perceived by Applicants

Objectives: Despite the high volume of orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship applicants and growing interest in the field, fellowship applicants’ attitudes and preferences towards programs are not well known. The objectives of this study were to determine the top orthopaedic surgery sports medicine fellowship programs in the United States and the most important aspects of fellowship programs as perceived by applicants. Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed via email and text message to all individuals who applied to one particular orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship program during the 2017-18 through 2021-22 application cycles. The survey asked applicants to rank what they considered to be the top-10 orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship programs in the United States prior to and after completion of their application cycle, based on operative and nonoperative experience, faculty, game coverage, research, and work/life balance. Final rank was calculated by awarding 10 points for a 1st place vote, 9 points for a 2nd place vote, etc., with total number of points used to determine final ranking for each program. Secondary outcomes included application patterns, relative importance of different fellowship program aspects, and preferred type of practice. Results: Ninety-three surveys were completed overall. Based on total numbers of points, applicants voted the top orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships programs to be: 1) the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 2) Rush University, and 3) Hospital for Special Surgery, both prior to and following the application cycle (Table 1). Forty-two percent of applicants applied to all of their perceived top-10 programs with 66% of respondents applying to at least 8 of their top-10 programs. Interestingly, 10% of applicants applied to 4 or fewer of their top-10 programs. Of those who did not apply to all programs in their top-10, 92% thought the program did not fit their preferences and 47% thought they were not competitive for those programs. When asked to rank programs upon completion of the application cycle, each of the top-10 programs prior to the application cycle remained in the top-10 (Table 1). Nearly all of the applicants agreed/strongly agreed (99%) that the personalities of the attendings they met on their interviews influenced their rank list decision upon completion of the application cycle. When ranking fellowship program aspects, fellowship reputation and faculty members were most likely to be ranked highest in importance. Factors such as research opportunities, private practice versus academic setting, and number of fellows were all more likely to be ranked last in importance (Table 2). Most applicants (83%) applied to both academic and private practice programs. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that most orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship applicants highly valued program reputation and faculty member personalities in choosing a fellowship program and that the application/interview process did not have a significant effect on how individuals perceive the top programs. The findings of this study may have significant implications on future application cycles and the programs to which potential applicants may apply. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

Practical Use of ICT course in Libraries: Perspectives of MLISc graduates in Nepal

Although the Central Department of Library and Information Science (CDLIS) was founded in TU 27 years ago, the Masters in Library and Information Science (MLISc) program is less popular among recent graduates. The MLISc program's reputation and significance are dependent on how successfully it has adapted to emerging information and communication technology (ICT). It is an early attempt to assess the MLISc ICT course material, primarily focusing on how applicable it is to real-world professional situations.Working librarians from Nepal participated in a focus group discussion to assess how well the MLISc ICT course applied to their line of work. Participants have suggested that the basic and advanced ICT course topics in the MLISc curriculum should be distinguished clearly. Library automation, digital library software, and other advanced ICT courses are available. However, the library profession places a high value on graduates with a complete understanding of information system architecture, library automation, and digitization services.

Neurosurgery residency rankings: An assessment of Doximity’s survey-based data and objective program characteristics

BackgroundMedical students often consult residency program reputation rankings whilst creating residency program rank lists. Accurate assessment of a residency program remains a cumbersome task, primarily due to varying degrees of interpretation and bias. The Doximity Residency Navigator (DRN) is a tool used to assist medical students in making informed residency decisions whilst simultaneously increasing transparency in the residency match process. DRN is comprised of data that assist applicants research prospective training programs, including reputation rankings across specialties, resident and alumni satisfaction surveys, and objective statistics such as training program size and research output. ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the correlation between different Doximity rankings across neurosurgical residency programs. MethodsRankings and the relevant criteria (reputation, research output, and percentage of graduates that subspecialize) and program size for all neurological surgery residency programs in the United States were obtained from the 2020–2021 Doximity Residency Navigator. Independent correlation analyses were run to ascertain the relationship between reputation ranking and 1) program size, 2) research output ranking and 3) ranking of the percentage of graduates who subspecialize. ResultsThe reputation rankings of neurosurgical residency programs are determined, in part, by nomination surveys completed by board-certified physicians. A statistically significant correlation was observed between reputation ranking and 1) program size and 2) research output ranking. ConclusionReputation rankings of neurosurgical residency programs put forth by Doximity Inc. incorporate reputational data and other objective outcome criteria. A nuanced understanding of the Doximity rankings will facilitate its use by medical students and healthcare professionals.

Geographic Trends in General Surgery Resident Compensation Across the United States

To examine the effect of cost of living on general surgery resident salaries and identify factors associated with greater incomes and availability of housing stipends. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA), institutional websites, and Doximity. Program characteristics were compared through Kruskal-Wallis tests, ANOVA, and χ2 tests. Multivariable linear mixed modeling and multivariable logistic regression were utilized to determine factors associated with higher salary and availability of housing stipend, respectively. Three-hundred fifty-one general surgery residency programs in the United States. Three-hundred-seven general surgery residency programs with available salary data for the 2022 to 2023 academic year. The average postgraduate year 1 resident annual salary was $59,906.00 (standard deviation [SD] ± $5051.97). After adjustment for the cost of living, the average annual income surplus was $22,428.42 (SD ± $4848.64). Cost of living and resident remuneration varied substantially across regions (p < 0.001). Annual income surplus was the highest for programs in the Northeast when compared to other regions (p < 0.001). Resident annual income increased by $510 (95% confidence interval [CI] $430-$590) for each $1000 increase in the cost of living and $150 (95% CI $80-$210) for each 10-rank increase in Doximity general surgery program reputation ranking. An increased cost of living was associated with a higher likelihood of housing stipend availability (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.28). General surgery residents are inadequately compensated for the cost of living, indicating the potential for increased compensation to alleviate economic strain of surgical trainees. As financial stress can have implications for mental and physical well-being, further discussion of current resident salaries and benefits is warranted.

Impact of applicant and program factors on preference signaling outcomes in otolaryngology.

To assess the impact of applicant and program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes during the 2021 and 2022 application cycles in otolaryngology. The Texas Seeking Transparency in Applications to Residency survey was used for otolaryngology applicants during the 2021 and 2022 match years. The primary outcome of interest was signal yield, defined as the number of interviews at signaled programs divided by the total number of signals sent. Associations with applicant-reported characteristics, geographic connections to programs, and program reputation were assessed. On average 59.5% of signals resulted in an interview (signal yield). There was a positive correlation between the number of signals sent to a program with a reported geographic connection and signal yield, with each additional signal resulting in a 3.4% increase in signal yield (p=.03). Signal yield was positively associated with number of publications (p < .001); number of abstracts, posters, and presentations (p=.04); and whether the applicant took a research year (p=.003). Applicants with higher USMLE Step 1 (p=.01) and Step 2 (p=.003) scores, publications (p=.03), volunteer (p=.008) and leadership (p=.001) experiences received a lower percentage of their total interviews from signaled programs whereas applicants from the 3rd (p < .001) and 4th (p=.03) cumulative class ranked quartiles received a higher percentage of their total interviews from signaled programs. Signal yield appears to have a significant association with geographic connections to programs and applicant competitiveness. This study may help applicants, advisors, and programs maximize the benefit of the preference signaling system.Levels of evidence: Level 4.

38. Social Media Usage by Plastic Surgery Fellowship Programs: Are There Gaps in Opportunities for Engagement?

Background: Social media utilization in plastic surgery training has been growing exponentially since 2010. The importance of social media for integrated plastic surgery residency programs has already been well-demonstrated in the literature, with previous studies identifying correlation between number of social media followers and program reputation on Doximity. While these findings could possibly generalize to fellowship programs, there has not been a comprehensive analysis in this space to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize major plastic surgery fellowship programs’ social media usage, in order to identify potential opportunities within the space to generate engagement. Methods: United States plastic surgery fellowship programs in four major sub-specialties (Hand, Microsurgery, Craniomaxillofacial, and Aesthetic) were identified via the public database plasticsurgeryfellowship.org. Fellowship program names and their respective conjugates were independently queried in August 2022 on three separate platforms (Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter) to evaluate for social media presence. Platform-specific parameters were collected on an account-by-account basis and statistically analyzed in aggregate. Results: 20.7% of US Hand fellowship programs had Instagram accounts, versus 6.7%, 4.2%, and 0% for Aesthetic, CMF, and Microsurgery programs respectively. Hand was the only fellowship to have a social media presence on Twitter, whereas Microsurgery and Aesthetic were the only fellowships to have social media presences on Facebook. The first fellowship Instagram account was created in May 2017, with the majority of accounts (14/23) being created between 2020 and 2021. Geographically, 30.4% of United States fellowship Instagram accounts were from programs located in the South, 30.4% from programs in the West coast, 26.1% in the Midwest, and 13.0% in the Northeast. Conclusion: Social media is underutilized by plastic surgery fellowship programs and therefore is a space with significant potential for growth. In particular, Instagram represents the platform with the most activity and promise, with median followers for fellowship programs in the hundreds or thousands. The absence of microsurgery fellowship Instagram accounts despite the large number of microsurgery fellowship programs in the US is a notable discrepancy. Such discrepancies represent significant opportunities for fellowship programs to increase visibility and engagement.

Blended Learning: Examining Must-Have, Hybrid, and Value-Added Quality Attributes of Hospitality and Tourism Education

ABSTRACT This paper explores the asymmetric impact of hybrid learning attributes on satisfaction to discover which features are more sensitive to the dissatisfaction, satisfaction, and delight of students. An online survey (n = 647) was conducted using snowball and convenience sampling. By implementing impact range performance and asymmetry analyses, the differential effects of hybrid learning attributes (must-have, hybrid, and value-added) on student satisfaction were identified. Considering the limited knowledge regarding the quality attributes of hybrid learning in the extant hospitality and tourism literature, this research offers understanding as to the dynamic nature of hybrid learning attributes on student satisfaction rather than just identifying quality dimensions. The results suggest that there are multiple attributes related to the hybrid learning environment (student support, innovative program, industry involvement, program reputation, hybrid learning support and safety measures, and protection) that produce distinctive impacts on satisfaction.

Doximity Orthopaedic Surgery Program Rankings Are Associated with Academic Productivity.

Orthopaedic program rankings, size, type, and research productivity were recorded from Doximity. An academic productivity score was calculated by averaging the mean percentage of alumni clinical trials and alumni publications. Analysis of variance and post hoc analyses were performed to determine whether academic productivity was associated with program reputation, size, and type. One hundred seventy-five orthopaedic residency programs were included. Program rankings, size, and type had a statistically significant association with academic productivity (p < 0.0001). The 44 orthopaedic programs in the top quartile had an academic productivity score of 79.1 ± 13 in comparison with programs in the bottom quartile, who had a score of 38.3 ± 12.1 (p < 0.0001). Of the programs in the top quartile of reputation rankings, 32 (73%) were also in the top quartile for academic productivity. Programs with more residents demonstrated greater academic productivity than smaller programs. Twenty-three programs (13%) had more than 30 residents and a mean academic productivity of 76.2 ± 14.8. In comparison, 13 programs (7.5%) had 10 or fewer residents with an academic productivity score of 40.6 ± 16.3 (p < 0.0001). An academic productivity score differed significantly based on program type: university (63.9 ± 14.8), military (54.7 ± 16.9), university/community (46.3 ± 15.6), and community (38.7 ± 15) (p < 0.0001). Academic productivity among orthopaedic residency programs is associated with Doximity ranking, program size, and type. This information can be used by medical students, residents, and physicians to understand the Doximity rankings and how they correlate with this objective measure. III.