Programmable Microcontroller Research Articles

The Aspects Of Critical Thinking Toward Students' Psychomotor Skill In Learning Of Microprocessor And Microcontroller Programming Techniques

This study aims to determine the effect of critical thinking aspects on students' psychomotor skills. Aspects of critical thinking include interpreting, planning, predicting, analyzing, evaluating, and decision-making. This research was applied to a microprocessor and microcontroller programming technique subject at a vocational higher school in Surabaya-Indonesia. The multiple linear regression method was chosen to analyze the effect of simultaneous and partial aspects of critical thinking on students' psychomotor skills. The results showed that there was a significant influence between aspects of critical thinking simultaneously on students' psychomotor skills. While partially, only the predicting aspect has a significant influence on students' psychomotor skills. For other aspects, there is no significant effect on students' psychomotor skills.

Methods and algorithms of intellectual support in making managerial decisions in the implementation of security alarm tasks at objects of special importance

Objective. Currently, there is a problem of developing low-cost and functional SOTC controllers with support for algorithms for controlling the totality of elements of life support systems and subsystems of HMB OOV, for example, access control and management systems (ACS), as well as the possibility of integrating the proposed SOTC solutions into existing HMB facilities. This article proposes circuit engineering and software approaches to the organization of promising STS implemented on the basis of programmable microcontrollers. Method. To achieve this goal, a systematic approach has been applied, and obtaining a quantitative assessment of the probabilistic characteristics of detecting an intruder is based on the use of mathematical modeling methods. Result. A completed circuit design for a special-purpose COTS controller has been developed, capable of solving highly specialized tasks in OOV, and also characterized by an obvious balance of functional characteristics and cost indicators. Conclusion. The developed SOTS based on universal microcontrollers makes it possible to ensure ease of implementation of security complexes and, if necessary, change the composition of the modules used to transform the intended purpose of the OTS device while maintaining the parametric indicators of the quality of the information system, helps to optimize control and automation processes at OOV in conditions of minimizing costs.

Intelligent programmable metasurface for vibration field sensing and electromagnetic reflection modulation

While existing research has explored control strategies in multi-dimensional fields, the interconnectedness between electromagnetic and vibrational fields remains relatively uncharted. To explore this intersection and harness its potential, we propose an intelligent programmable metasurface that modulates electromagnetic fields based on vibration intensity information. This paper introduces a groundbreaking approach that synergizes the physical fields of mechanical (vibrational) waves with electromagnetic waves, facilitating the detection and manipulation of information from both fields. By combining a programmable metasurface, vibration sensors, and microcontroller units, we have achieved regulation of the electromagnetic field through utilization of vibration intensity information. In this work, we have introduced six coding patterns that facilitate dual-beam scanning with variable deflection angles. A 20 × 20 metasurface is fabricated and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. This research opens a new avenue for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the findings have the potential to impact a wide range of fields, including building structuralhealth monitoring, industrial production, mechanical equipment monitoring, and earthquake monitoring.

Comprehensive Security Framework: Integrating Intrusion Detection, Fire Safety, and Environmental Monitoring in Network Infrastructure

Intrusion detection systems aim to capture security attacks & use analysers to determine details. Local wireless IDSs track all local wireless traffic and produce warnings based on signatures or abnormalities. Intrusion detection mechanisms can be configured to render unwanted access to the region easier. This paper aims to design a system to defend from intruders, human beings, through traditional surveillance devices, which cannot function in real-time, by utilising cameras fitted with infrared sensors. The aforementioned components comprise an interface program development system, intrusion detector sensors, wireless sensors, a programmable microcontroller, a controlled power supply device, Proteus relays, a GSM modem, and a cell phone. In reaction to adjustments in the atmosphere the controller activates a sensor to monitor and report input to the PIR’s wireless network. When the fire alarm device senses smoke, it can transmit a brief text message to the building’s owners. The system which uses an LM35 sensor to determine the temperature of food products, preventing fires from spreading throughout buildings without the tenants’ knowledge was produced. It is inexpensive, simple to install, and applicable to a variety of locations, including hotels, warehouses, and the automotive industry. This research study incorporates comprehensive tactics for monitoring environmental elements and fire safety, going beyond traditional intrusion detection methodologies. In doing so, this study offers a comprehensive strategy for protecting network infrastructures against various threats. The goal of integrating these essential components is to offer a more complete and reliable security solution.

MEASURING THE SMALL LINEAR DISPLACEMENTS BY THE PHASE METHOD

A measuring device with a differential capacitive measuring transducer (CMT) designed to measure small linear displacements is considered. The CMT has a plane-parallel design of the plates, the natural input value is the change in the gap between the plates. In the measuring circuit (MC), model resistors with the same resistance are connected in series with the sensitive elements of the CMT. The voltage dividers formed by these connections are powered by counter currents of a high-frequency sinusoidal voltage generator. An informative measurement parameter is the phase shift angle between the two output voltages of the MC. These voltages are supplied to the analog inputs of the programmable microcontroller (PMC). The PMC controls the measurement process, measures the specified phase shift angle and determines the measured displacement. Thanks to the used algorithm for processing the measurement results, a ratiometric output signal is obtained to determine the measured displacement. This ensures high metrological characteristics of the meter. The theory of the meter's functioning, the features of the choice of nodes, and the method of calculating the parameters of the MC elements are described. A methodology for the theoretical study of measurement errors has been developed, and the results of their calculation for the implemented version of the meter are presented. It is substantiated that the relative measurement error of the developed device for small linear displacements does not exceed 0.065%. Ensuring high measurement accuracy is also due to the use of phase signals instead of potential-current signals.

USING OF MICROCONTROLLER FOR STUDENT LEARNING PROCESS

Use of the latest achievements in the field of microcontroller programming, such as the Arduino platform, allows to qualitatively change the educational process, makes it more intense, increases student motivation, and makes it possible to implement an individual approach, which is important. And this, in turn, improves the efficiency and quality of microcontroller programming. The purpose of this study is to propose an effective methodology for using Arduino Atmega 328 microcontrollers for teaching students and evaluate the effectiveness of teaching programming based on the use of Arduino Atmega 328 microcontrollers based on the Kirkpatrick model. The paper presents a broad review of works that consider the interaction of a person and microcontrollers. In addition, the impact of this approach on the process of learning and teaching is being evaluated. More than 95 students took part in this experiment. First, during the semester, students were taught programming using Arduino Atmega 328 microcontrollers, after which they evaluated this learning. The evaluation was carried out at three levels of the Kirkpatrick model [1], and as a result, the second and third levels showed almost the same results with an error of 3 percent. This study concluded that such teaching methodology is very important in the process of student learning. Interaction and collaboration in the field of microcontroller programming has also been used to introduce non-traditional curricula, including courses in robotics as a tool for addressing the social aspects of robotics and artificial intelligence.

Enhancing Microcontroller Programming Education with a 3D Virtual Factory Simulator

This article introduces a 3D virtual factory simulator designed to revolutionize microcontroller programming education. The simulator employs real-world physics and immersive environments, allowing students to interact with virtual machinery and systems. Students have responded enthusiastically, finding the simulator engaging and effective. This innovative tool not only reinforces programming concepts but also promotes practical understanding. In summary, the 3D virtual factory simulator offers an exciting approach to microcontroller programming education, enhancing student motivation and learning outcomes.

Improving the IT Competence of Vocational High School Teachers with Internet of Things Training Based on ESP 8266

Abstract. This training aims to improve participants' understanding and skills of SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Teachers in developing IoT applications using the ESP8266 module. The employed training techniques encompass both theoretical and practical modules, as well as interactive group discussions. Trainees are interested in technology and want to expand their knowledge of IoT. During the training, participants were given an understanding of the basic concepts of IoT, an introduction to the ESP8266 module, and how to use the Arduino IDE for microcontroller programming. The results of this dedication show a significant increase in participants' understanding and skills after attending the training. Participants can understand the basic principles of wireless communication, install, and configure the ESP8266 module, and develop simple IoT applications. Evaluation of the participants showed high satisfaction with this training. The training was deemed highly beneficial and applicable to the participants' everyday routines. Participants also feel more confident in facing challenges in developing IoT applications. The training program is expected to yield enduring advantages, foster indigenous ingenuity, and enhance community engagement with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology.

The potential of using 3D printing in the manufacture of mini hydraulic systems

The work is devoted to an analytical engineering study of the practicality of using 3D printing for the manufacture of hydraulic components, in order to solve the problems associated with weight, size and complexity inherent in traditional hydraulic elements. The research aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using 3D printing to achieve simplified design and increased efficiency. The work presents samples of hydraulic elements printed on a 3D printer, which reflects the practical feasibility of this approach. A simple and practical design methodology is proposed for two key components of a typical hydraulic system, namely, a hydraulic cylinder and a directional servo-valve, which allows hydraulic actuators to be controlled using any programmable microcontroller. A distinctive feature of this approach is the emphasis on the principles of compact design, which facilitates the integration of many parts into single, multifunctional part. In addition, the use of lightweight materials in 3D printing helps reduce the overall weight of hydraulic components. The proposed method also allows the integration of various hydraulic elements into a single integral structure printed on a 3D printer, offering a pragmatic solution to the size and complexity issues associated with traditional metal hydraulic systems. The scope of this innovative approach extends to the creation of prototypes of hydraulic and pneumatic robots, as well as devices that require compactness, precision and adaptability. This methodology is promising for implementation in the field of robotics, especially for tasks where space and weight constraints are critical factors.

Vehicle Security System Using IoT Application

Abstract: The main purpose of the project is to utilize the wireless technology successfully for the car conditions by utilizing the IOT Technology if there should be an occurrence of robbery suggestion. The main extent of this project is to stop the motor of an automobile naturally. This should be possible at whatever point a man attempting to take the vehicle, around then sends a hinder to a programmable microcontroller of arduino family that stores proprietor's number upon an Intimation message out of the blue .When some individual tries to take the auto then microcontroller gets a prevent and the proprietor gets a SMS that his auto is being stolen then the proprietor login to the IOT based web server and control the vehicle like start buzzering, or can execute engine

Система обучения программированию и выбор микроконтроллеров для управления электроприводами

Ability of university graduates to design electric drives (ED) implies that they have knowledge and skills to develop software for microcontrollers (MC) used in modern electric drive control systems (ED CS). Studies on this topic touch upon the issues of particular training courses or teaching methods, and laboratory benches mean only debug boards. Often, education process is designed on a piecemeal basis. A systematic approach is required to teach students programming of microcontrollers of ED CS. In the context of restrictions of manufacturers from the USA, Japan and Europe, the selection of microcontroller for training and developing the ED CS is also topical. When developing the interrelated training courses, the authors have used 20 years of experience of design of ED CS. Product design software packages and metalworking technologies have been used as tools to develop a specialized laboratory bench. The method of comparative analysis is used when selecting microcontrollers. A multi-level (3-stage) model of interrelated training courses to teach students programming MC of ED CS is described. The evolution of the contents of training courses is shown. The author-developed bench is presented. It includes the debug board, measuring (multimeter, oscilloscope) and debugging (interface converters) equipment placed on a special unit. A review is given, an analysis of studies on these issues is carried out, and recommendations to select MC of ED CS in the current situation are given. Implemented at the department, a systematic approach to teach students programming MC of ED CS gives them the qualifications necessary to independently perform tasks during the design of modern ED CS. The developed laboratory bench provides convenient and safety work with all debugging and measuring equipment used in the educational process. An overview and recommendations on the selection of MC of domestic and Chinese manufacturers will be useful for the developers of the electrical drive control systems.

The Efficiency of the Application of Electronic Techniques in the Control of Dynamic Balance in the Process of Inclusive Physical Education

The purpose of the study was to determine the authenticity of the dynamic balance control device developed on the basis of modern trends in the field of electronic equipment for students with disabilities. Materials and methods. 32 students with disabilities, aged 18–24 years, I–III years of study, who received a doctor’s permission to participate in testing and had vestibular disorders, were selected for the studied sample, in accordance with the provisions of voluntariness and anonymity. General scientific methods of gathering theoretical information, the method of technical modeling, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results. A dynamic balance control device was developed on the basis of the most up-to-date electronic equipment and programming. The device consists of an integrated electronic unit, a programmable microcontroller system unit, and a PC. The information received by the capacitive sensors placed in the unit of the integrated electronic unit during the student’s performance of the test task is processed in the unit of the programmable microcontroller system and transmitted via non-contact infrared communication lines to the PC where it is graphically presented. To establish the authenticity of testing using the developed device, reliability and validity coefficients were determined, which in numerical values reached a “high” level, in contrast to the test the results of which were recorded directly by the teacher and numerically corresponded to the limits of “low” and “medium”. Conclusions. The dynamic balance control device presented in the work is designed using the most up-to-date electronic equipment and programming. Considering the importance of eliminating vestibular disorders and related dynamic balance disorders in students with disabilities, the use of the presented development of the control device in the practice of inclusive PE is aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of this process. The integration of a control device developed based on current trends in the field of electronic equipment into the inclusive physical education of students with disabilities is the basis for the development of new approaches in the process of dynamic balance testing based on objective assessment.

EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN THE FUNCTION OF IMPROVING PRACTICAL SKILLS OF FUTURE STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF ЕLECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING

This paper is based on the authors’ many years of experience in teaching, organizing special courses and one-day workshops for different groups of students, as well as IEEESTEC students’ project conferences. The manuscript contains a brief description and results of the implementation and evaluation of the special course “Let’s put knowledge into practical work” for grammar school students. In order to continue their study and provide students with additional knowledge, the Arduino course was designed. Since 2018, by attending the course as an extracurricular activity, students gain new knowledge in the field of electronic components and microcontroller programming. Based on the conducted analyzes and evaluations, as well as current pedagogical trends, the authors give recommendations on how to overcome problems that may arise due to a lack of practical knowledge and increase students’ self-confidence and indicate the importance of a course designed in this way for those freshmen who want to acquire some new skills and knowledge.

Development and construction of an open-platform, open-source low-cost portable uroflowmeter: The OpenFlow device.

Uroflowmetry is useful to screen for and manage many voiding disorders. Home-based uroflowmetry might better represent the patient's true voiding pattern and be more widely adopted if an accurate low-cost portable device was available. Development and initial evaluation of an open-platform, open-source low-cost portable uroflowmeter. We designed and built an uroflowmeter comprising of a load cell and digital memory card unit connected to a programmable microcontroller board mounted upon a 3D printed frame. It generated date-stamped tables which were processed and plotted. Twenty urologists were recruited to assess the device. Each participant received the equipment that was returned, along with a bladder diary, after at least 24 consecutive hours of homemade uroflowmetry recording. Additionally, were assessed with the International Prostatic Symptom Score(I-PSS) and Peeling diagram, whereas the device's ease of use, robustness, and portability were evaluated with a Likert-type questionnaire. Two experienced urodynamicists independently evaluated the tracings' quality rated with a 3° ordinal scale: (1) Interpretable without artifacts; (2) Interpretable with artifacts; (3) Uninterpretable. Participants' median age was 36.6 years old, none having an I-PSS > 5 or Peeling > 2. Overall 138 voidings were recorded (77 daytime, 61 nightly episodes). The device's ease of use, robustness, and portability obtained maximum score in 80% of evaluations. Most (98%) of the tracings were considered interpretable. Limitations included its small study population and short monitoring times. The construction of a cheap (<50 USD), accurate user-friendly portable uroflowmeter proved feasible, which could facilitate access to portable uroflowmetry.

A Highly Configurable Packet Sniffer Based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays for Network Security Applications

Web applications and online business transactions have grown tremendously in recent years. As a result, cyberattacks have become a major threat to the digital services that are essential for our society. To minimize the risks of cyberattacks, many countermeasures are deployed on computing nodes and network devices. One such countermeasure is the firewall, which is designed with two main architectural approaches: software running on standard or embedded computers, or hardware specially designed for the purpose, such as (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) ASICs. Software-based firewalls offer high flexibility and can be easily ported to upgradable hardware, but they cannot handle high data rates. On the other hand, hardware-based firewalls can process data at very high speeds, but are expensive and difficult to update, resulting in a short lifespan. To address these issues, we explored the use of an (Field-Programmable Gate Array) FPGA architecture, which offers low latency and high-throughput characteristics along with easy upgradability, making it a more balanced alternative to other programmable systems, like (Graphics Processor Unit) GPUs or microcontrollers. In this paper, we presented a packet sniffer designed on the FPGA development board KC705 produced by Xilinx, which can analyze Ethernet frames, check the frame fields against a set of user-defined rules, and calculate statistics of the received Ethernet frames over time. The system has a data transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s (with preliminary results of increased data rates to 10 Gbit/s) and has been successfully tested with both ad hoc-generated Ethernet frames and real web traffic by connecting the packet sniffer to the internet.

On Solving Concurrent Process Problem in Process-Oriented Programs

Prevailing portion of the factories and manufacturers are controlled by programming microcontrollers in the modern world. And the portion keeps growing which is closely tied to processes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Precisely, with an idea of fully automated manufactures to help humans to make less decisions and make them faster. Or to exclude humans from the decision making process at all. Due to that, there is a need for the controlling algorithms which should react to the different events, be aware of the external world and be tolerant to both internal and hardware failures. There is a process-oriented paradigm which was developed in Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS and suits perfectly for automatization of such algorithms. This is achieved by splitting the algorithm into huge amounts of the small parallel processes highly tied to the elements of the real world. Which is how real processes on real manufactures work. This is where the conflicts during concurrent programming appear. And because there is a fault tolerance requirement there is a need to solve those conflicts. This work presents the analysis of already existing solutions to the conflicts during concurrent programming with the goal of either reusing those solutions in process-oriented programming or adapting them to it. As a result, there is an answer on how effective the process-oriented paradigm is in solving those kinds of conflicts and how fault tolerant those programs are.

Preparation of future technology and computer science teachers for the creation and use of digital educational resources in the field of robotics for basic school students

In the context of the digital transformation of education, a teacher must learn to use digital resources, including digital technologies and artificial intelligence technologies in professional teaching activities. Be able to design and implement a subject-based digital educational environment. The article examines the place and role of digital educational resources in the preparation of bachelors studying in the field of preparation «Pedagogical Education» of the «Technology and Informatics» profile. Particular attention must be paid to the training of technology and computer science teachers to develop key competencies of the 21st century — the development of creativity, critical thinking, independent and group work skills of students, the development of mutual assistance skills, interaction and cooperation in the classroom. The structure of preparing a future teacher for the creation and use of digital educational resources in the field of robotics may vary depending on specific programs (on the age of students, on the field of robotics — designing robots, or programming microcontrollers, or working with big data) and the learning context (students, or teachers with experience, or teachers without technical training), but these basic components can serve as the basis for developing an appropriate curriculum or course.

Smart automatic COVID door opening system with contactless temperature sensing

Every time someone wants to enter a traditional door, they usually have to open it by hand. As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, it is imperative that every human being take precautions such as wearing a mask, maintaining a distance, sanitising their hands and arms, and not touching anything excessive. A prototype of an automatic door control system with a body temperature sensor is designed to limit direct physical contact with conventional door knobs, preventing the spread of COVID-19. The main motto of this project is to utilise a sensor with a combination of embedded equipment for the door opening system. The components MLX90614 Temperature Sensor, Passive Infrared Sensor, Arduino Uno, 16 × 2 Liquid Crystal Display, Servo Motor, and Light Emitting Diodes are used to implement the system. The door gets opened when any human movement is detected near the door, as well as when it detects its temperature and the presence of a mask with the help of various tools and technologies. A passive infrared sensor observes the motion and transmits a signal to the transistor, which in turn gives an interrupt signal to the programmable ATMEGA microcontroller. A contactless infrared digital temperature sensor then senses the body temperature of the human, and if the temperature is above the brink temperature, the output signal is transmitted to the direct current motor that's used to unlock the door and to the Arduino. This is a prototype where all these electronics are plugged together to get the corresponding output

Solar-powered shape-changing origami microfliers.

Using wind to disperse microfliers that fall like seeds and leaves can help automate large-scale sensor deployments. Here, we present battery-free microfliers that can change shape in mid-air to vary their dispersal distance. We designed origami microfliers using bistable leaf-out structures and uncovered an important property: A simple change in the shape of these origami structures causes two dramatically different falling behaviors. When unfolded and flat, the microfliers exhibit a tumbling behavior that increases lateral displacement in the wind. When folded inward, their orientation is stabilized, resulting in a downward descent that is less influenced by wind. To electronically transition between these two shapes, we designed a low-power electromagnetic actuator that produces peak forces of up to 200 millinewtons within 25 milliseconds while powered by solar cells. We fabricated a circuit directly on the folded origami structure that includes a programmable microcontroller, a Bluetooth radio, a solar power-harvesting circuit, a pressure sensor to estimate altitude, and a temperature sensor. Outdoor evaluations show that our 414-milligram origami microfliers were able to electronically change their shape mid-air, travel up to 98 meters in a light breeze, and wirelessly transmit data via Bluetooth up to 60 meters away, using only power collected from the sun.

Microcontrollers programming for control and automation in undergraduate biotechnology engineering education

This paper presents the utilization of the ESP32 microcontroller as a teaching tool for signal acquisition, processing, and control theory in biotechnological engineering. The ESP32 microcontroller, equipped with Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities, offers an affordable and versatile solution for educational purposes. By leveraging the Arduino© software, students can easily learn microcontroller programming and utilize various peripherals such as sensors and actuators. Several practical exercises related to process control have been conducted using this microcontroller. Additionally, remote process monitoring and control are enabled through integration with a database. Furthermore, concepts of artificial intelligence are explored using the Edge Impulse platform to obtain an artificial neural network that can be downloaded onto the ESP32. Positive feedback from students highlights the effectiveness and engagement of utilizing these microcontrollers, and the integration of internet connectivity enhances the overall learning experience.