Programmable Microcontroller Research Articles

Application of the Flexible Brake on Wind Driven Generator

The brake of the wind driven generator requires a gentle process. Which decreases the damage to equipment. In this paper, the flexible brake which can be realized a gentle braking is described. The application on the flexible brake of the wind driven generator are analyzed and explained. Brake is a MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) as the core. By the principle of the brake gently, flexible brake has been achieved by the principle of smooth braking. Based on the principle of pulse width modulation of the throttle valve, a safe and reliable braking force has been realized with hydraulic devices and electronic components. MCU controls relay to achieve PWM (pulse width modulation), and monitor the temperature and brake frequency monitoring and so on.

Research on Central Air Conditioning Control System in Office Buildings Based on STC Microcontroller

In this paper, hardware and software of the central air-conditioning control system is researched by STC series of enhanced 8051 microcontroller. The STC11F 08XE is the main control of the hardware part. Temperature and humidity sensor regulating valve and all kinds of motor are used as external equipment to complete the temperature and humidity of building the internal control of central air conditioner. In terms of software, the program is described by protel99SE software. Microcontroller program is compiled by Microcontroller development tools keil u and STC-ISP. The temperature and humidity control and optimization of central air conditioning are completed by PID parameters. Infrared control unit is operated and liquid crystal is displayed to show the operation results.

STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DC DRIVE USING PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER

In recent world, electrical equipment’s like DC motor, AC motor, transformer etc. are the most common devices. In many industrial as well as domestic applications, the dc motors are needed to be operated either on variable speed or constant speed along with its forward and reverse operation. In this paper, the digital controller based control for DC drives is presented for the effective control of the output, when there is a sudden change in the input parameters. An assembly language program has been built for the programmable PIC16F877A microcontroller which controls the various functions of DC drive. The main objective of control is to get the desired output and keep the motor or drive safe in case of any fault occurred. Initially microcontroller has been used for the gating purpose for power electronics switches. Introducing a microcontroller based scheme facilitates the new DC drive system to deal with the various changes in the system and helps in maintaining the safe operation of the system.

Energy Analysis of Solar Home Lighting System With Microcontroller-Based Charge Controller

In this paper, a solar powered home lighting system in the Electrical Engineering Department of Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur is analyzed for energy using a personal computer simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (circuit simulation software, PSpice 9.1). The home lighting system consists of a solar panel of 37 Wp, a 45 Ah battery, a solar charge controller, dc loads of two 9 W compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and a dc fan of 14 W. Through the solar panel, the battery is charged during day time. In the night, when solar power is not available, the battery provides power as a backup to the dc load consisting of two CFLs and a dc fan. The aim of the paper is to analyze the solar home lighting system for energy gain/loss with a microcontroller-based charge controller. From the analysis, it is concluded that the solar home lighting system is not designed for continuous energy gain as per manufacturer's specifications. The design needs to be modified to have energy gain in the system for Nagpur, India. A designed microcontroller-based charge controller is also analyzed. The advantages of a microcontroller 89C2051-based charge controller are its simple design, low cost, logic change facility with change of programming of microcontroller, presence of liquid crystal display (LCD) with battery charge status, and display of different messages. Ride software is used as an assembler for generating the required hex file of program and it is used for burning in the microcontroller IC with the help of Vegarobokit (a microcontroller programmer developer) to make a microcontroller programmer.

EXTENSION OF MICROINSTRUCTION FORMAT FOR CONTROL UNIT IMPLEMENTATION ON HYBRID FPGA

A synthesis method of compositional microprogram control unit on hybrid FPGA (that contain table elements, and programmable logic arrays) is proposed. The main purpose of the method is hardware amount reduction in the control unit circuit. Usage of classes codes of pseudoequivalent operational linear chains for hardware amount reducing in the circuit and overall cost reducing of the control device is proposed. An example of the proposed synthesis method application is given. It is shown that depending on the basis circuit parameters and characteristics of the control algorithm hardware resource saving can reach 30 % in comparison to the costs of basic circuit control device implementation. Time characteristics of control units of modified and base structured are equivalent.

Research and Development on Remote Calibration System for Electric Vehicles

this paper presents a solution of real-time remote calibration for electric vehicle. The development system integrates 3G(The 3rd Generation Telecommunication), CAN(Controller Area Network) technology, with calibration unit into a powerful real time remote calibration system. This paper introduces the overall architecture of the system and the design of the corresponding module. In the verification of the actual system, it can read and modify the content of the MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) flash, display the monitoring parameters dynamically, display the multi-foramt calibration parameters and pulse spectrum. And at the same time, the monitoring parameters can be automatically configured and upload.

ArPi Lab: A Low-cost Remote Laboratory for Control Education

In this paper, we present a cost effective approach to remote experimentation. We propose ArPi Lab – remote laboratory for education in area of process control. This lab is built on very cheap hardware components, including single-board computers Raspberry Pi and open prototyping platforms Arduino based on 8-bit micro-controllers. This approach combines several different software technologies. These are HTML 5 and JavaScript for client-side application, PHP and MySQL for laboratory server implementation, JSON as structure for data transfer, and C language for experiment server and micro-controller programming. ArPi Lab provides three different types of educational physical systems. Three thermal plants, one magnetic levitation, and one hydraulic tank system are available for remote laboratory experiments. Each part of ArPi Lab's hardware architecture can be controlled in the meaning of power supply. For this purpose we propose an efficient power management model, designed to solve occasional hardware and communication failures in such kind of laboratories, where physical absence of supervising person can result in serious malfunctions or security issues.

Scalable design of microprogrammed digital FIR filter for sensor processing subsystem

In this letter, a novel scalable and modular design of direct form sequential finite impulse response (FIR) filter using microprogrammed control unit is proposed that can be efficiently realized in field programmable gate array (FPGA) or application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The proposed design is suitable for sensor processing subsystem used in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes. This is demonstrated by evaluating a sample 4-tap FIR filter on various FPGA platforms and ASIC technologies. The evaluation result shows good area/power efficiency and flexibility by using microprogrammed architecture for such applications.

The Application and Adaptation of the Two Sources of Code and Natural Encoding Method for Designing a Model of Microprogram Control Unit with Base Structure

The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemented in the complex programmable logic devices (CPLD). First, the conditions needed to apply the method are presented, followed by the results of its implementation in real hardware.

Systematic design of an atmospheric data acquisition flying vehicle telemetry system

Article history: Received March 6, 2014 Accepted 23 August 2014 Available online 24 August 2014 In this paper, we have provided hands-on experience in systematic design, implementation and flight test of an atmospheric data acquisition flying vehicle as a standard CanSat telemetry mission. This system is designed for launching from a rocket at a separation altitude about 1000-meter. During its flight, the reusable flying vehicle collects environmental data and transmits it directly to the ground station. The ground station, which is implemented at a predefined radio frequency band receives data and plots the respective graphs. The design performs based on a systematic approach, in which the first step is set aside to mission and objectives definition. In the next step, the system requirements are identified and the required main subsystems and elements with their technical requirements will be extracted. The structure analyses were also performed by ABAQUS software to obtain the natural frequency and the mode shape. The wireless communications, onboard microcontroller programming, sensor interfacing and analog to digital conversion describe the basic technologies employed in the system implementation. This flying vehicle in comparison with the other similar ones is more lightweight, has few interface circuits and high precision sensors. According to the flight test outputs, low power consumption, high transmit line up to 2Km despite of limitation in TX power and up to 10g normal acceleration withstanding are important specific characteristics of the implemented flying system. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mikroprogram pre riadenie procesu spájania operandov v architektúre DF KPI

V článku uvedená architektúra je založená na výpočtovom modeli "data flow", v ktorom riadenie výpočtu je založené na spracovaní toku dát. Základným prvkom DF architektúry je koordinačný procesor (CP), ktorý je zodpovedný za riadenie a organizáciu vykonávania inštrukcií. Štruktúrna organizácia CP je navrhnutá ako dynamický multifunkčný systém. Pri vykonávaní operácií môže CP prechádzať rôznymi stavmi, v dôsledku čoho táto jednotka predstavuje dynamický prúdový systém. Prechod a poradie prechodu medzi jednotlivými stavmi CP je podmienený typom spracovaného operátora pri interpretovaní prúdu operandov. Z možných typov operátorov, článok uvádza mikroprogramové riadenie pre jednovstupové operátory.

AFC Motor Control Using Low Cost and Mobile Data Acquisition System with dsPIC30 Microcontroller and Lubin Kerhuel Blockset for MATLAB/Simulink

Data acquisition system (DAQ) plays an important role in research activities. Commercially available DAQ can be expensive and most are PC based and can be overly equipped for the task at hand. This paper proposes a low cost and mobile DAQ system with a dsPIC30 microcontroller form Microchip and program using Lubin Kerhuel Blockset for MATLAB/Simulink. An experimental rig consisting of a Maxon motor equipped with an Escon motor driver connected to a dsPIC30F3014 microcontroller was developed to demonstrate the potential of the proposed system. AFC was used as the control system and result from the experimental setup was presented in MATLAB/Simulink. Results clearly imply the viability of the proposed setup.

From CAD to Robot: Undergraduate Capstone Design in Engineering Technology

A novel senior project in designing and implementing a wheeled platform-based experimental mobile robot is discussed. This mobile robot design project was used as a platform to learn sensor interfacing, microcontroller programming, motor control, and electronic circuit design and troubleshooting. A specially designed proto board was used so that students could experiment with various types of sensors and supporting electronic circuitry. The modules implemented in this project are, servo motor control, infrared (IR)-based obstacle detection and avoidance, temperature sensing, and IR wireless communication. An 8-bit Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller, operating at 20MHz, was used as a programmable controller to monitor external environment through sensors and make appropriate decisions. PIC microcontroller was programmed using PICBasic PRO, a BASIC like high-level language. The implementation was divided into separate experiments, through which the students progressively completed the mobile robot. This progressive experimentation helped students develop their knowledge of interfacing, microcontroller programming, electronic control, circuit design, and troubleshooting in an incremental manner. The robot design experiments, sensor interfacing, electronic control, supporting circuitry, problems faced and troubleshooting during implementation are discussed in the paper.

An FPGA embedded microcontroller

The paper presents the design of an 8-bit RISC microcontroller, which is mainly targeted for performing non-timing crucial functions inside FPGAs. The microcontroller is based on popular Microchip PIC16 microcontrollers family. The main feature of the microcontroller is that it is 4 times faster for regular instructions, and 8 times faster for instructions which modify program counter, than its Microchip archetype clocked at the same frequency. Three versions of the microcontroller instruction cycle structures have been considered and performance tests of the versions have also been carried out. The paper also describes two sample applications which illustrate the usefulness of the microcontroller and show that using the FPGA embedded microcontroller, realization of some functions can be simpler and faster than applying a typical FPGA design flow without the microcontroller. To facilitate frequent exchange of the microcontroller program memory content, specifically at the software developing stage, the downloader module has been proposed to use as well. The downloader allows to directly load the compilers HEX output file to the program memory using a generic serial interface.

Development of an Educational Robotic Training Kit

Robotics is an applied science subject in engineering course that concerning control and automation in manufacturing industry now. Engineering students are forced to learn all theories and formulas that encompass the areas of mathematics, physics, micro-electronics, dynamics and kinematics, control systems, human factors, and manufacturing operation in a single subject without any hands-on practical skills. This paper provides an idea to break the barriers of conventional lecturing and laboratory exercising for engineering students with new development of educational robotic kit. This practical approach is able to support low cost robotics course and offers simple, time saving instruction outcomes to engineering students in the kinematics study of robot manipulators with consideration of structure design, serial servo circuit board, microcontroller programming, and graphical user interface (GUI) of PC controller. General architecture of 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot manipulator with two links can be solved easily with the help of this robotic kit.

Real-time C++: efficient object-oriented and template microcontroller programming

The C++ language has powerful object-oriented and template features that can improve software design and portability while simultaneously reducing code complexity and the risk of error. Furthermore, C++ compiles highly efficient native code. This unique and effective combination makes C++ well-suited for programming microcontroller systems that require compact size, high performance and safety-critical reliability. With this book, Chris Kormanyos delivers a highly practical guide to programming real-time embedded microcontroller systems in C++. It is divided into three parts plus several appendices. Part I provides a foundation for real-time C++ by covering language technologies, including object-oriented methods, template programming and optimization. Next, part II presents detailed descriptions of a variety of C++ components that are widely used in microcontroller programming. It details some of C++s most powerful language elements, such as class types, templates and the STL, to develop components for microcontroller register access, low-level drivers, custom memory management, embedded containers, multitasking, etc. Finally, part III describes mathematical methods and generic utilities that can be employed to solve recurring problems in real-time C++. The appendices include a brief C++ language tutorial, information on the real-time C++ development environment and instructions for building GNU GCC cross-compilers and a microcontroller circuit. The most recent specification of C++11 in ISO/IEC 14882:2011 is used throughout the text. To facilitate portability, no libraries other than those specified in the language standard itself are used. Efficiency is always in focus and numerous examples are backed up with real-time performance measurements and size analyses that quantify the true costs of the code down to the very last byte and microsecond. The target audience of this book mainly consists of students and professionals interested in real-time C++. Readers should be familiar with C or another programming language and will benefit most if they have had some previous experience with microcontroller electronics and the performance and size issues prevalent in embedded systems programming.

On-chip microfluidic biosensor using superparamagnetic microparticles

In this paper, an integrated solution towards an on-chip microfluidic biosensor using the magnetically induced motion of functionalized superparamagnetic microparticles (SMPs) is presented. The concept of the proposed method is that the induced velocity on SMPs in suspension, while imposed to a magnetic field gradient, is inversely proportional to their volume. Specifically, a velocity variation of suspended functionalized SMPs inside a detection microchannel with respect to a reference velocity, specified in a parallel reference microchannel, indicates an increase in their non-magnetic volume. This volumetric increase of the SMPs is caused by the binding of organic compounds (e.g., biomolecules) to their functionalized surface. The new compounds with the increased non-magnetic volume are called loaded SMPs (LSMPs). The magnetic force required for the manipulation of the SMPs and LSMPs is produced by current currying conducting microstructures, driven by a programmable microcontroller. Experiments were carried out as a proof of concept. A promising decrease in the velocity of the LSMPs in comparison to that of the SMPs was measured. Thus, it is the velocity variation which determines the presence of the organic compounds in the sample fluid.

The Design of Remote Intelligent Irrigation System Based on Web Servers

The paper proposed program of lower-cost traditional 8-bit micro-controller with Web servers function, and is designed for remote control system. The system has the flexibility and low cost. And according to the actual needs of the decision-making and management of plant irrigation, intelligent irrigation system was designed and implemented.The system solve the difficult and critical hardware products import prices too high and difficult to promote for distribution of soil temperature and humidity monitoring.The system cost compared to similar foreign products decreased 44.8%.Compared with traditional irrigation methods, crop water use efficiency of 22.6%.The design of software and thinking can popularize and promote practical reference value, the future of smart home system.

The Control System Design of AC Servo PMSM Based on an EMCU

The mathematical vector model of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has first been discussed in this paper, and a servo control system based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) has been designed, in which a enhanced Microprogrammed Control Unit (EMCU) is combined with drive chips and the relevant control software to achieve the precise control of PMSM. In order to control the position, speed and current of the PMSM, six SVPWM signals are generated with the motor vector control method, and the vector control strategy with three closed loops is projected. According to the control principle, the circuits of the hardware modules are designed and built, and the program of the control process is compiled and downloaded the EMCU, and then the human-computer interaction interface of the system is implemented by LabVIEW. The results of the test show that the control system designed can control the rotating speed and the high-speed pendulum operation of PMSM precisely.

An experimental digital communication scheme based on chaotic time-delay system

We develop an experimental system for secure communication with nonlinear mixing of information signal and chaotic signal of a time-delay system. The proposed scheme is based on programmable microcontrollers with digital transmission line. The scheme allows one to transmit and receive speech and musical signals in real time without noticeable distortion. A high quality of extraction of hidden information signal is achieved due to the use of digital elements in the scheme, which ensures identity of the parameters and high stability to noise. We study a possibility of hidden message extraction from a chaotic carrier by a third party in the case of mismatch of the receiver and transmitter parameters.