Detailed Program Research Articles

Exercise is Medicine on Campus: A Scoping Review of Evidence 2009 to 2021 and Call to Action.

The Exercise is Medicine On Campus (EIM-OC) program began in 2009 at Chatham University by Dr. Robert Sallis, Dr. Carena Winters, and ACSM leadership. The vision of EIM-OC is "to see all campus and community members across multiple disciplines discover, share, and adopt the principles of EIM that will help change the culture of physical activity and chronic disease prevention and management campus wide." Although EIM-OC maintains close track of programmatic details, such as the number of registered and recognized institutions, a comprehensive review of EIM-OC publications has not been previously reported. The purpose of this scoping review was to 1) identify and examine all peer-reviewed evidence of EIM-OC, including scholarly articles and published abstracts of presentations; 2) analyze the key themes of EIM-OC implementation and outcomes; and 3) identify gaps in the literature. The scoping review covered all peer-reviewed publications, including scholarly articles and published abstracts, from 2009 to December 2021. In total, 9 scholarly articles and 46 published abstracts were included in this review. The articles and abstracts covered a wide range of topics, including gold level (physical activity assessment and exercise referral), silver level (physical activity education), and bronze level (physical activity awareness and promotion) activities, as well as evaluation of EIM-OC programming. Now that EIM-OC programming is firmly established, we now call on campuses and leaders to strengthen their reporting of EIM-OC outcomes at all levels: gold, silver, and bronze. Publishing research evidence will strengthen EIM-OC programming and initiatives. Specifically, we encourage publishing scholarly articles and using broad means for increasing dissemination.

Accident Prevention Program Prioritization Using Kepner Tregoe Model: Case Study of PT Pertamina EP Regional 2 Zone 7

Pertamina EP Regional 2 Zone 7 (PEP R2Z7), a section of PT Pertamina EP (PT PEP), the National Oil Company of Indonesia, is an upstream Oil and Gas Company that operates in West Java Indonesia. The company conducts high-risk activities in exploration and production to extract oil and gas. According to the accident historical data, 40 work-related accident cases occurred in PEP R2Z7 in the period from 2018 to 2021. Accidents are caused by multiple factors that require programs to prevent a similar accident. The established accident prevention program in the company is generated from all accident data in PT PEP working areas around Indonesia which consist of 14 Zone. Because of these conditions, the accident prevention program becomes out of focus and needs to be prioritized based on accident case data. Accident prevention program priority is determined by the combination of Kepner Tregoe Method and Pertamina DNV SCAT accident root cause. The combination method is used to describe the root cause of an accident case, identify the accident prevention program criteria, and relevant alternatives to accident prevention programs based on the accident historical data, and choose the alternatives. The alternative solution is consist of the enhancement of established prevention programs and proposed the new prevention program. Some of Established prevention programs are still relevant with the historical data in Pertamina Region 2 Zone 7 such as Iman Campaign or Strengthen Work in Progress (WIP) Assessment. Meanwhile, some of the new proposed programs are Task Observation/Safety Awareness Supervision or Buddy System work for high-risk job. The implementation of the alternative solution is embedded inthe Objectives Target Program (OTP) of Health Safety Security and Environment (HSSE) PEP R2Z7. The OTP contains the program purpose, detail program, the output and the evidence of the program, schedule, and progress monitoring of the program. The proposed alternative solution is expected to reduce the number of accident cases in PEP R2Z7.

Radon concentration and exhalation rate for granitic rocks, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The present work deals with radon pollution arising from granitic rocks using an Alpha Guard radon monitor. Forty-four granitic samples were collected from five sites located in the Central part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The minimum to maximum concentration of radon for the rocks of Gebel (mountain) El-Missikat MS, El-Gidamy GD, RieEl-Garra RG, El-Aradiya AR, and Kab-Amira KA were 49,597 ± 8773 to 236,029 ± 22,397 Bq m−3, 39,658 ± 8341 to 188,666 ± 20,545 Bq m−3, 39,854 ± 7645 to 91,393 ± 13,429 Bq m−3, 45,951 ± 9488 to 121,935 ± 14,869 Bq m−3, and 33,209 ± 6989 to 251,398 ± 25,759 Bq m−3, respectively. The surface and mass exhalation rates, the emanation coefficient, and annual effective dose (indoors) were calculated for all the studied samples. The average value of radon concentration in the collected samples was higher than the national reference level of 300 Bq m−3 recommended by ICRP corresponding to an annual effective dose of 4 mSv at work and 14 mSv at home. The measured values for the rock samples studied in the five sites surpassed the world average of soil in areas with normal levels of radioactivity. The MS granitic samples showed a potential radiological risk for human beings, therefore, it is important to carry out a detailed monitoring program for dose assessment.

Detection and Application of Wearable Devices Based on Internet of Things in Human Physical Health.

In order to improve the detection function of wearable intelligent devices in the Internet of things and facilitate people to control a variety of information such as heart rate, exercise state, blood oxygen saturation, and so on, the scientific detection of human physical health based on wearable devices based on Internet of things technology is proposed. Through the combination of software- and hardware-related functional modules, the real-time detection of human physical health information can be effectively realized. Firstly, the detection principle of optical capacitance product pulse wave signal and the waveform characteristics of pulse wave are introduced, and then the application scenarios and advantages of wearable devices are further introduced; then, the convolutional neural network for pulse wave signal denoising and the basic principle of self-encoder are introduced; finally, the regression prediction method and support vector machine method for pulse wave signal feature extraction are introduced in detail. The pulse wave based on optical capacitance product is removed to improve the waveform quality of pulse wave signal. Firstly, the system software development environment is briefly described. Then, the software design of watch terminal master device based on MSP432 and belt terminal slave device based on MSP430 are described in detail, and the detailed program implementation flow of each key technology in the system is given. In addition, the fall detection algorithm based on threshold discrimination is studied, and the program implementation of the algorithm is also described in detail. Finally, the system is tested. The results show that normal state mainly include normal walking, jogging, and fast sitting, and the accuracy rate is 97%, 95%, and 93%, respectively. For fall state, the experimenter needs to simulate various possible fall states, and the accuracy rate is 95%, 93%, and 95%, respectively, which verifies the detection accuracy of the algorithm. The system can automatically turn on the satellite positioning function when the user's physical sign parameters are abnormal or the user's current fall dangerous situation occurs, and send the current position information and alarm content information through the GSM module, so that the dangerous situation can be found and handled at the first time.

Artists, government and cross-sector collaboration: A guiding framework of US-based artists in residence in government programs

ABSTRACT Artist in residence in government (AIRG) programs that embed artists within civic work are becoming increasingly popular across the United States. As governments are challenged to shift systems to be more equitable, repair infrastructure and prepare for future crises, cross-sectoral collaboration models offer new ways of working. Cross-sectoral collaboration that embeds artists in non-arts sectors spurs civic innovation and shifts contexts to inspire new ideas and opportunities. This article builds a guiding framework of the characteristics and considerations that shape AIRG programs in order to present possible pathways that can be followed in program development and implementation. Foundationally, each AIRG is unique and responsive to the specific underlying social, political, economic, environmental and cultural preconditions of place. The guiding framework details preconditions, program design and partners, and program structure, followed by an analysis of the challenges and opportunities. Research was conducted on AIRG programs operating in 2020 and 2021.

Professional competencies of future software engineers in the software design: teaching techniques

The article is devoted to one of the competence components of a mobile-oriented environment for professional and practical training of future software engineers. It is shown that the introduction of higher education standard 121 “Software Engineering” for the first (bachelor) level of higher education in Ukraine has generated a number of training quality assurance problems associated primarily with the low level of detailed competencies and program learning outcomes. By solving these problems, the detailed design of the system of professional competencies for future software engineers is developed. The article deals with the approaches to developing one of the most important special professional competences of future software engineers – the ability to participate in software design, including modeling (formal description) of its structure, behavior, and processes of functioning. Based on a historical and genetic review of the software engineering training practice of future software engineers in the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore, recommendations for choosing forms of training organization, selection of training content, ways of students’ and teachers’ activities in software engineering, modeling and designing tools; assessment of the appropriate competence formation level are formulated. The example of organizing design training in conditions close to industrial-studio training is considered. The problems of transition from architectural to detailed design and project implementation are shown. Prospects for further development of this study are to substantiate the third (after requirements engineering and design engineering) engineering component of software engineering – the software construction.

Algorithm based online speech evaluation - the new horizon

IntroductionThe VML method was developed and designed to treat Apraxia of speech focusing on the Autistic population. After experiencing over 2000 children in many countries around the world, we have developed an algorithm which represents the VML analysis process. The algorithm includes almost 1000 conditions and was found reliable with copying the in-person VML evaluation. The algorithm generates a treatment program with 95% accuracy of the elected treatment topics.ObjectivesThe objective of the VML software is to enable the VML analysis and treatment at low cost to wide population around the world, at home. The program includes main treatment topics, detailed exercises, picture and videos demonstrating the proposed treatment and general guidelines. The software users are supported by the VML experts around the world.MethodsBased on the algorithm, we have developed a software which can produce a highly detailed motor speech treatment program. The software is web based, available now in English, Mandarin and soon in other languages as well. The user is required to fill in the speech data using the software interface.ResultsThe uniqe sofetware was tested and found to have 90% reliability rate in comparison to a VML expert treatment program. In addition it was found to have the ability to over come mild evaluation mistakes while producing an effective treatment program.ConclusionsThe MYVML evaluation software is innovation in the field of speech treatment, striving to share the knowledge and give the treatment tool to as many practitioners and families as possible.DisclosureI am the developer of the VML software described in the abstract

A two-layer decentralized charging approach for residential electric vehicles based on fuzzy data fusion

This work presents a two-layer decentralized charging approach (TLDCA) based on fuzzy data fusion concerning the economic and power layers for optimizing the charging cost of residential electric vehicles (EVs). We defined the problem with the fuzzy objective function of minimizing the charging costs and presented a detailed fuzzy integer linear programming formulation for obtaining the optimal solution set. The optimal solution set relies on the decision control variable which is obtained through the fuzzy fusion mechanism that incorporates multiple independent and uncertain day-ahead price patterns and state-of-charge inputs from the utility grid and EV domains. The developed TLDCA reduces the charging cost for EVs while guaranteeing their required energy by determining the optimal charging schedule. We conduct two case studies to investigate the TLDCA behavior, where the first case explores the optimization of charging costs and the changing needs of individual EVs. The second case examines the charging cost, impact on load profile, and peak-to-average ratio against the summer and winter load profiles for the aggregated EVs. The simulation results verify that the developed TLDCA optimizes the charging cost and peak-to-average ratio compared to the uncoordinated charging, standard-rate charging, and time-of-use charging schemes.

Predictors of growth patterns in children with mucopolysaccharidosis I after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal‐recessive metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency of lysosomal alpha‐l‐iduronidase (IDUA). Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the therapeutic option of choice in MPS I patients younger than 2.5 years, which has a positive impact on neurocognitive development. However, impaired growth remains a problem. In this monocentric study, 14 patients with MPS I (mean age 1.72 years, range 0.81–3.08) were monitored according to a standardised follow‐up program after successful allogeneic HSCT. A detailed anthropometric program was carried out to identify growth patterns and to determine predictors of growth in these children. All patients are alive and in outpatient care (mean follow‐up 8.1 years, range 0.1–16.0). Progressively lower standard deviation scores (SDS) were observed for body length (mean SDS −1.61; −4.58 – 3.29), weight (−0.56; −3.19 – 2.95), sitting height (−3.28; −7.37 – 0.26), leg length (−1.64; −3.88 – 1.49) and head circumference (0.91; −2.52 – 6.09). Already at the age of 24 months, significant disproportions were detected being associated with increasing deterioration in growth for age. Younger age at HSCT, lower counts for haemoglobin and platelets, lower potassium, higher donor‐derived chimerism, higher counts for leukocytes and recruitment of a matched unrelated donor (MUD) positively correlated with body length (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, this study characterised predictors and aspects of growth patterns in children with MPS I after HSCT, underlining that early HSCT of MUD is essential for slowing body disproportion.

Shield kinematics and its influence on ground settlement in ultra-soft soil: a case study in Suzhou

Construction of tunnels using a shield in very soft soil may result in serious shield alignment problems and ground settlement. This paper presents a detailed field instrumentation program that was conducted for the construction of the Suzhou Metro Tunnel-Line S1 in China. The characteristics of the shield kinematics in ultra-soft soil and ground responses were examined, and the mechanisms of ground movements and pore water pressure corresponding to shield motions and construction parameters were interpreted and discussed. In addition, a calculation method for ground loss corrected by shield posture was established, based on which a corresponding volume of the grout required was recommended. The results indicated that the shield typically tunnels in very soft soil with increasing inclination mode characterized by a rising tail owing to the floating segment and with a changing inclination mode characterized by a sudden downward movement and subsequent steering of the shield upon encountering hard soil. Consequently, with the uplifting of the shield tail, it was found that the ground heaves and settles with a change in the shield posture. Moreover, a large longitudinal uneven deformation of the lining was found to occur in most of the above situations, while the pore water pressure was minimally affected by the shield posture.

The Magnetic Urtext: Restoration as Music Interpretation.

This paper discusses historical-critical thought to address the problems of restoration and preservation of tape music, proposing viable solutions to the matter of digitizing the historically valuable data that exists on and is represented by magnetic tapes. A detailed program of research and restoration and some software for helping in creation of critical editions of the musical works are proposed. We also present some of the issues and controversies that must be considered and approaches we have applied in the preservation of tape music, highlighting how these interpretations can impact later performances (playback) of these tape documents. Fundamentally, we argue that the act of tape music restoration has a parallel with the interpretation of the “Urtext score” in the performance of music from the Common Practice Era.

Is Supervised Pastoral Education (SPE) "Substantially Equivalent" to a Recognized Psychotherapy Program in Ontario?

After completing their Supervised Pastoral Education units provided by the Canadian Association for Spiritual Care, two soon-to-be-certified Spiritual Care Practitioners applied to the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario. Both were rejected because their Supervised Pastoral Education program was not deemed to be "substantially equivalent" to a recognized psychotherapy program. This came as a surprise since similarly qualified Canadian Association for Spiritual Care Practitioners in Ontario are also members of the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario through a process called "grandparenting." Using the 10 characteristics of a College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario recognized program, this paper examines Canadian Association for Spiritual Care's SPE program in detail, showing how closely it aligns with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario's description of an equivalent psychotherapy program. I conclude by suggesting the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario should embrace Supervised Pastoral Education as an equivalent program and grant memberships, not just to those grand parented in, but to future Canadian Association for Spiritual Care Practitioners.

중국인 보조교사의 직무능력 강화를 위한 교사연수 교육과정 개선방안 — CPIK 사전연수 사례를 중심으로

This study clearly set the purpose of teacher training in which Chinese assistant teachers participate and proposed a curriculum improvement plan to improve job competency. The teacher training operation method was proposed to operate flexibly through an online and offline parallel method, and the educational course reflects the characteristics and operation order of the training institution so that the contents can be linked without overlapping courses. In addition, two measures were proposed to enhance the expertise of Korean teachers in charge of Chinese education and Chinese assistant teachers. First, it runs online cooperative classes and allows Korean teachers to participate. Through this process, the two teachers should be able to share and discuss processes such as planning, guidance, and evaluation of cooperative class management. Second, education continuously necessary for Chinese assistant teachers should be provided through online maintenance education. Conservative education should be an opportunity to share cooperative classes with Korean teachers or examples of Chinese education for Korean learners. In addition, it is necessary to take charge of the educational feedback function that analyzes and spreads the results of education through conservative education.BR As described above, this study proposed an improvement plan for the teacher training curriculum as a way to increase the educational effect by using Chinese assistant teachers. It is expected that detailed educational program development and discussion on educational content will continue through follow-up research.

A Study on the Operation and Improvement of Extracurricular Curriculum based on the University s Core Competency for Public Value: Focused on O University

Purpose: This study was conducted with the purpose of proposing the direction necessary for the balanced op-eration of the university’s core competency based curricula (major and liberal arts) and extracurricular curriculum of O University, objective evaluation and quality management of extracurricular programs based on the case analysis of other universities extracurricular operation and management systems and of providing the basic data. Method: First, the case studies on the competency based extracurricular curriculum’s operation and manage-ment systems of other universities are analyzed. Second, the competency based extracurricular curriculum’s operation and management system centered on each core competency, type, and operating department for the 2021 academic year of O University are analyzed. Third, the directions for the future core competency based extracurric-ular curriculum’s operation and management system directions for O University are presented. Results: As for the problems for the operation of the extracurricular program through the case of extracurricular performance management of other universities include the imbalance of core competency and detailed competency programs, lack of connection with the major curriculum, and the lack of communication and collaboration for each center for the prevention of the duplication of extracurricular programs, which require the continuous improvement and quality control of the extracurricular program. Furthermore, it is difficult to provide the students with the necessary extracurricular program information, and it is also necessary to strengthen the performance system to ensure that the extracurricular program performance management system is a mileage scholarship sys-tem depending on whether the students have completed the course and can be used as a career in employment. Conclusion: As a measure to address the imbalance for the extracurricular programs by core competency and induce the active participation of students, by developing and operating an integrated curriculum for each department linking the curriculum and extracurricular curriculum, it will play such a practical mediating role in fostering talents by department, while extending opportunities to strengthen the students various competencies and playing a supporting role in providing an opportunity to strengthen the human body, thereby providing changes for growth as a whole person.

청소년 명상 프로그램 개발 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a temple stay-based meditation program for adolescents. The research questions of this study are as follows. First, what is the goal, basic direction, and basic construction of the temple stay-based meditation program for adolescents?, Second, what is the content of the temple stay-based meditation program for adolescents?
 Methods For this purpose, prior research related to the temple stay-based youth meditation program was reviewed, and a quantitative and qualitative survey was conducted targeting adolescents and temple stay-based meditation experts. Based on these contents, after the development of the program(draft), content validity was secured through the review of 14 education program development experts, meditation experts, and psychological counseling experts, and the final program was developed with some modifications.
 Results First, the goal of the temple stay-based meditation program for adolescents is to ‘support youth emotional stability, opportunities for introspection, and mental health promotion through temple stay-based meditation’. The basic direction of the program is ‘to provide meditation along with play in consideration of the concentration and interest of adolescents’. It was set to consist of meditation activities that can commune with the nature of Odaesan. The program, composed by reflecting the opinions of adolescents and temple stay-based meditation experts, is aimed at adolescents, and the operating schedule is 1 night and 2 days, the number of participants is 13 to 15 people, the total number of sessions is 8 sessions, each session is 20 to 30 minutes, the rest period per session is 20-30 minutes. Second, as for the detailed program contents, in the case of the first day program, transitional adaptation activities are placed in the foreground to remind people that they have moved away from daily life to the temple through the body and mind. In the case of the 2nd day program, after waking up, it was composed to discuss Tapdoli meditation including the environmental factors of the temple, meditation for walking in the fir tree, and ways to utilize meditation in daily life.
 Conclusions The results of this study are significant in that they developed a temple stay-based meditation program for adolescents and provided basic data for the development of various psychological promotion programs for adolescents in the future.

Information scarcity among otolaryngology applicants: A review of the largest database of programs.

ObjectiveOtolaryngology residency applicants face challenges finding accurate information about training programs. Social media platforms are not verified, and official training program websites are not standardized. Currently, the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) is the most comprehensive sanctioned and verified otolaryngology residency program database. However, the exact amount of information shared by individual programs included is not presently known.MethodsHerein, we analyzed the available data on all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in FREIDA to assess the completeness of the database.ResultsWhile every program listed an address, contact email, and the name of the program director, more than half of programs (n = 65, 52.4%) did not provide additional information. Most programs (70.2%) did not include a one‐paragraph program description.ConclusionOur findings suggest that while FREIDA is the only sanctioned online database for residency programs, it is inadequately populated with detailed program information.Level of EvidenceN/A

The 26th Scientific Conference of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology: College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, June 1-3, 2022

The 26th Scientific Conference of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology (SNIP) at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis, Tennessee, June 1-3, 2022, is SNIP’s first full-fledged meeting in person since the onset of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. The three-day meeting encompasses a variety of activities that include a pre-conference session, many scientific sessions (eight symposia and two plenary lectures), two special talks, a poster session, oral talks, a mentoring session for early career investigators, a diversity and inclusion SNIP committee session, a business meeting, and an award session. A conference summary, detailed program agenda, accepted poster abstracts, and presentation abstracts are included in this brief report published in advance of the meeting.

Utilization of Fine Soil as Potential Source for Core of Rock-Fill Dam

This study investigates the use of wadi sediments as a potential source for the core of rock-fill dams. The current practice utilizes clay and silty materials for the core of the rock-fill dam. In Oman, clay is not abundantly available, so there is a need to propose a local alternative material as a potential source for the core of the rock-fill dam. Dredged sediment is believed to have properties like clay but is a waste material deposited in reservoirs. The samples of wadi sediments were grouped from the reservoir of Wadi Jizzi Dam, located a few kilometers away from the city of Sohar. A detailed laboratory-testing program investigates the physical characteristics, grain size distribution, liquid and plastic limits, specific gravity, compaction, hydraulic conductivity (permeability), swelling potential, and unconfined compressive strength. All the tests were performed following the British Standard. The pure dredged sediment has a hydraulic conductivity of 7.11x10-6 cm/s, which is comparable to the requirements of the core of the dam. To improve the other properties of the dredged sediment, it is mixed in different proportions with dune sand collected from the Al-Sharqia Desert of Oman. The test results suggest that a mixture ratio of 50% of sediment to the dune sand gives optimal strength, durability, and permeability. On the other hand, for the comparison purposes, bentonite was mixed with sand by various percentage. The microscopic investigation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis tests on dredged sediments suggest that the material can be utilized without causing any environmental concerns. The outcomes of this study is expected to assist the practitioners in achieving cost-effectiveness and sustainability in the design.

The 2022 On-site Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine hosts the University of Florida Institute of Myology and the Wellstone Center, March 30 - April 3, 2022 at the University of Padua and Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy: The collection of abstracts.

In the autumn of 2021, the 2022 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (PDM3) was planned to be held from March 30 to April 2, 2022. Despite the fact that Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak continued to impose restrictions all over the world, the program was planned with Scientific Sessions to occur over three full days at either the University of Padua Aula Magna or the Hotel Petrarca on the Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. During the winter the epidemic worsened, but waned by early February 2022, allowing confirmation of the planned On-site Meeting. The success of submission of abstracts (over 100 abstracts, i. e., three times the previous years) is attributable to the fact that the 2022 On-site PDM3 is a combined meeting, hosting the spring Meeting of the Myology Institute and Wellstone Center of the University of Florida, USA. The first three days will include a large series of presentations of the University of Florida scientists and clinicians and of their Invited Speakers from Canada, France, Switzerland Italy and the U.K. European researchers and clinicians from France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Slovenia, Russia and UK fill the program of last two days. To provide slot times to young Speakers, the 2022 On-site PDM3 was extended to April 3, 2022. The Collection of s is e-published in the 32(1) 2022 Issue of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM), together with the detailed Program organized in the Aula Magna of the University of Padua (March 30) and for March 31 - April 3, 2022 at the Conference Halls of Hotel Petrarca of the Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. The Program ends late on Sunday April 3, 2022 with an invitation to join the 2023 PDM3, March 27 – 31 at the Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. You are invited to join and to submit your Communications to the European Journal of Translational Myology and to a Special Issue of the Journal diagnostics, MDPI, Basel. Both journals will provide 50% discount to the first 15 accepted typescripts.

Fluid geochemistry of Lessini Mountain's thermal area: New data from Caldiero, S. Ambrogio-Colà di Lazise and Sirmione hydrothermal districts (Verona-Brescia Provinces, Italy)

The Po Plain, located in northern Italy between the Alps and the Apennines, hosts several thermal water spots. Some of these thermal waters belong to the thermal districts of Brescia and Verona provinces. This thermalism has been used for therapeutical purposes since the “Roman Age”. During Sept. 2014 - Aug. 2015, a detailed sampling program was carried out to collect water samples of thermal and cold waters in the Lessini Mountain's thermal area, including those in the Sirmione thermal district (project area). Assessment of water chemistry and isotope data, identified distinctive characteristics of thermal waters belonging to the thermal districts investigated in this project (i.e. Caldiero, S.Ambrogio Valpolicella, Colà di Lazise, Lazise and Sirmione). In particular, data show that the Sirmione thermal waters are characterized by a higher temperature and a total salinity and by chemical and isotopic fingerprints that are distinct and unrelated to those of other thermal waters. On the other hand, the data indicate potential correlations between samples from S.Ambrogio Valpolicella and Colà di Lazise and local cold water. Geochemical modeling conducted using PHREEQC, showed that a mixing accompanied by calcite precipitation can explain the chemical characteristics observed in the thermal waters and some cold springs assessed in this project. New geothermometric estimations were performed for main thermal components, obtaining temperature ranges (in°C) of about 92–99, 67–74 and 51–58, respectively for Sirmione, S.Ambrogio Valpolicella-Colà di Lazise and Caldiero thermal districts. Temperature ranges obtained in this work were used to gain an insight into the possible depth reached by thermal waters in the project area, which is characterized by the normal geothermal gradient (30°C/Km). Finally, geochemical findings were elaborated and integrated with geological and structural data in a proposed conceptual model of water circulation. The agreement within data sets is satisfactory in particular in relation to the depth of carbonate-evaporite formations, which represent the thermal reservoirs. Infiltrating waters can seep into the deep through fractured rocks, reaching the Carnian to Upper Cretaceous carbonates and evaporites. In the Caldiero thermal districts the depth reached by thermal waters coincides with the level of the Carnian evaporites (≈ 1.3–1.6 Km) and it agrees with the important role played by dissolved sulphates evidenced by geochemical data. Thermal fluids in Sirmione and S. Ambrogio Valpolicella – Colà di Lazise thermal districts likely interact with Permian-Middle Triassic formations, which are located at greater depths (≈ 2.7–3 Km and ≈ 1.9–2.1 Km, respectively). Once heated at depth, thermal fluids rise through main faults and/or thrust faults, where they may be diluted by circulating surface cold waters.