Program Genres Research Articles

Türkiye’de Radyo ve Televizyonda Dinî Programlar: Boylamsal Bir Değerlendirme

The subject of this research is religious broadcasting on Turkish radio and television. The study’s key issue is whether the duration and rates of religious programs have changed. It has been observed that all of the research conducted on religious programs on Turkish radio and television is cross-sectional; there is no longitudinal study. A longitudinal evaluation was performed in this study using the trend analysis technique. The analysis was based on data from the State Institute of Statistics (SIS) and the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat)’s Radio and Television Institution Statistics. These statistics offer quantitative data on program genres and airing times in radio, television, and radio-television companies. The relevant institutes’ statistics cover the years 1995 to 2015. The study investigates whether religious programs have increased in duration and rate, as well as if the total number of broadcasting organizations and total broadcasting time have an impact on this increase or decline. The duration of religious programs on radio and television declined between 1995 and 1997, grew between 1997 and 1998, then decreased between 1998 and 2002, according to the findings of the study. However, between 2002 and 2015, and particularly since 2011, there has been a steady growth in the total time of religious programs on radio and television, as well as a considerable difference in the percentage of religious programs in all broadcasts.

In the era of COVID-19, is watching TV through OTT services becoming a digital leisure activity of choice?

This study sought to examine the interrelationships among lifestyle, entertainment preferences, and the utilization of Over-The-Top (OTT) services as digital leisure activity. Specifically, the research was designed to delve into the use of OTT services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. First, the findings indicated that those with a high preference for some leisure and entertainment activities, such as watching sports games and performing arts, showed an increased use of OTT from 2019 to 2020. Lifestyle elements, favorite OTT program genre, and leisure and entertainment preference factors have a significant effect on the intention to continue using OTT as a digital leisure activity. This study suggests that OTT service providers should take into account users’ characteristics when developing their services.

A Recommendation System Based on Implicit Data for Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)

IPTV delivers television content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Videos On Demand (VOD) is the most popular IPTV, allowing users to freely select from a vast pool of program genres. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce innovative features to attract new users and retain existing ones. For this purpose, IPTV systems typically use VOD recommendation engines. The primary purpose of recommendation systems is to suggest user-relevant items from various items by producing a list of recommendations for each user. In this paper, we introduce an approach to recommendation systems in IPTV. We developed this approach on implicit feedback derived from users’ interaction with movies/series sets, such as how many times they watched a movie and how long they have spent watching specific movies/series. For the previous factors, we tested a variety of recommendation algorithms, content-based, collaborative-based, and hybrid. Then applied the previously mentioned algorithms on real-life big data sets after introducing some modifications to the algorithms, then benchmarked the results on multiple performance metrics. We noticed that the applied changes achieved promising results.

Association between watching wide show as a reliable COVID-19 information source and preventive behaviors: A nationwide survey in Japan.

Current pandemic prompted a surge in the television (TV) news watching. However, its influence is poorly understood. In Japan, wide show, a major genre of soft news TV programs, broadcasted COVID-19 for long hours, and was pointed out that it broadcasted COVID-19 sensationally, arousing fear and anxiety, and that it criticized individuals gathering in closed places. Thus, wide show may promote preventive behaviors but also produce fear or anxiety and aggressiveness towards others not engaging in preventive behaviors. We examined this issue using large-scale nationwide data. We analyzed the cross-sectional data of 25,482 individuals from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey conducted in 2020. Participants reported the type of COVID-19 information sources including TV news and wide show, and their trustworthiness. We calculated multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of engaging in recommended preventive behaviors strictly (defined as always engaging in hand washing, mask wearing, and attempting to keep physical distancing) and alerting others not engaging in preventive behaviors, respectively. About 72.4% of the participants obtained information from TV news with reliance, while corresponding values were 50.3% for wide show. Overall, 32.8% engaged in recommended preventive behaviors strictly, and 9.6% alerted others. Watching wide show both with and without reliance were significantly associated with alerting others (adjusted PRs: 1.48 and 1.34, respectively) but not associated with preventive behaviors. Watching TV news was neither associated with strict preventive behaviors nor alerting others. Watching TV news and wide show was not associated with strict preventive behaviors; watching wide show was associated with only alerting others. Although causality is unclear, actions may be needed for TV stations broadcasting wide show to understand own influences on society in a timely manner amid the health emergencies.

When does media multitasking induce store visit and conversion? The influence of motivational factors

This study aimed to delineate how media multitasking (MM) induces online store visits and purchase behaviors in different situations. We used a hidden Markov model to elicit several latent states that underlie distinct visitation and purchase tendencies during MM engagement. The model is calibrated using a rich dataset containing television viewing, advertisement exposures, and internet access of 1,158 individuals recorded during seven months, complemented by two survey data regarding TV program genres and advertised product characteristics. The results revealed four states interpretable as representing different MM motivations: efficiency, control, informational, and habitual motives. The likelihood of engaging in MM differs between motivational contexts. Given the occurrence of MM, store visit probability appears to be higher when MM is driven by control motives than when it is driven by other motives. Furthermore, given online store visitation during an MM session, conversion probability is observed to be the highest in the control state, followed by that in habitual, efficiency, and informational states. Our findings provide novel insights into how the link between MM, store visits, and purchase behavior can fluctuate over time, depending on the driving forces of MM. The implications of how managers can entice multitaskers to visit a store and make purchases are discussed.

Public Service Television as Education: Factual Programmes and The Media and Information Literacy (Mil) Policy Discourse

This article examines factual programmes in public service television as a specific means of education, exploring and underscoring its educational function within the framework of media and information literacy (MIL) policy discourse. Factual programming forms a multi-stakeholder genre category that has gained relevance in times of democratic insecurities. It traditionally presents a source for cultivating cultural citizenship crucial to democracy but has been less explicitly examined as a source for advancing media education and literacy. in the context of Finland, which has been considered a forerunner both in its educational and media educational system, we inquire into the MIL dimensions of some of the newest multi-platform productions conducted in factual television. The results cast more light on the genre of factual programming and its underlying educational objectives, which paves way for further research on the MIL governance. The analysis also raises questions about their strategic relevance and future development in public broadcasters’ programming content.

PENGARUH PIK-R ( PUSAT INFORMASI DAN KONSELING REMAJA) TERHADAP PERILAKU SISWA (ANGGOTA PIK-R) DALAM MENGKOMUNIKASIKAN PROGRAM GENRE ( GENERASI BERENCANA) (Studi Kasus : SMA N 5 Kota Bengkulu)

This study entitled Effect of PIK-R (Center for Information and Counseling Adolescents) on student behavior (member PIK-R) in communicating program genre (Generation Planning) at SMA N 5 Bengkulu City. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PIK-R (Center for Information and Counseling Adolescents) on student behavior (member PIK-R) in communicating program genre (Generation Plan). This study uses the theory of group communication. The variables in the study was PIK-R (Center for Information and Counseling Adolescents) as a variable X and the behavior of the students as a variable Y. This research was conducted in August 2015 by using the techniques of data collection questionnaire and literature study, to suspensions and measurement criteria based on the Likert scale scores 1-5. The sample in this research is the whole activity PIK-R in SMA N 5 Bengkulu city, the technique determination of sample that is in the census, respondents numbered 50 people and research methods are quantitative analyzed using simple linear regression analysis and assisted by SPSS version 17. This study used some components as a guide to answer the questions in the desired, these components include the PIK-R (X) and student behavior (Y). From result of respondents giving the results of the genre in the delivery of program material PIK-R activities significantly influence the behavior of students on the knowledge, attitudes and actions. Based on calculations of regression using SPSS version 17, the obtained results were significant influence Value Event PIK-R (X) of the student's behavior (Y) of 0001 <alpha 0.05, which has the meaning that the activity PIK-R (X) effect significantly influence student behavior (Y). With the results of the hypothesis if the hypothesis significance value less than 0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted, and that means the H test results received because the significance value less than 0.05.

High-Energy Ad Content: A Large-Scale Investigation of TV Commercials

A trend reported by both academics and practitioners is that advertising on TV has become increasingly energetic. This study investigates the association between the energy level in ad content and consumers’ ad-tuning tendency. Using a data set of over 27,000 TV commercials delivered to U.S. homes between 2015 and 2018, the authors first present a framework to algorithmically measure the energy level in ad content from the video of ads. This algorithm-based measure is then compared with human-perceived energy levels showing that the measure is related to the level of arousal stimulated by ad content. By relating the energy levels in ad content with the ad-tuning tendency using two empirical procedures, the authors document the following: overall, more energetic commercials are more likely to be tuned in or less likely to be avoided by viewers. The positive association between energy levels in ad content and ad tuning is statistically significant after controlling for placement and other aspects of commercials. However, the association varies across product categories and program genres. The main implication of this study is that advertisers should pay attention to components of ad content other than loudness, which has been regulated by law.

The Effect of Program Genre on Modes of Media Multitasking and Ad Processing

Despite many studies on the effect of MM on advertising, previous studies on MM considered MM a homogenous phenomenon. Further, whether and how media-related factors predict different modes of MM and how this behavior affects ad processing has been unknown. To fill this gap, the purpose of this study was to examine (a) the effect of program-genre on the occurrence of different modes of media multitasking (MM; utilitarian MM vs. hedonic MM) and (b) how different modes of MM influence the way viewers process ads on the primary screen (i.e., computer screen). A lab-based experiment yielded data for testing the hypotheses. The findings suggest that findings suggest that MM can be classified into two distinct modes: utilitarian MM and hedonic MM. Further, the findings show that participants who watched the sitcom tended to engage in a higher amount of utilitarian MM than those who watched the suspenseful drama; however, both groups engaged in a comparable amount of hedonic MM. The findings also indicate that participants who watched the sitcom demonstrated a lower level of ad memory than those who watched the suspenseful drama. The current study provides meaningful theoretical implications. Further, this study provides useful implications for advertising practitioners and marketers.

TV Talk Shows in Pakistan: Politically Engaged or Politically Skeptic?

The present research explores the political content of TV talk shows under the theoretical frameworks of framing and cultivation analysis. The content analysis of systematically selected 100 programs of five top rated serious and five comedy talk shows broadcast on Pakistani TV Channels during October-December 2019 were analyzed to detect the tropes of political engagement and political skepticism. The research established that days of the week, duration of the program, and the program's genre influenced the tropes of programs. There search concludes that serious talk shows contributed to political engagement, whereas comedy talk shows created more politically skeptical tropes.

Literature and Its Authors in the Interwar Lithuanian Radio Programs

In the article, the author discusses the presentation of the Lithuanian literature by the State Radio Broadcast “Valstybės radiofonas” in 1926-1940. The author presents specific literary radio program genres (recitations, radio drama, lectures, and commemorations), identifies those Lithuanian authors who received the most attention, examines the image of the national writer and the function it played in radio lectures and programs, and the ways in which the writers themselves took part in the radio programs.Radio lectures dedicated to Lithuanian writers and literature and commemorations of the writers’ anniversaries had consistently strengthened the point of view of the Lithuanian Nationalist and Republican Union towards literature and attributed educational function to it. This function is particularly noticeable in the interpretations of the works and biographies of the three authors most often discussed on the air: Maironis, Kudirka, and Vaižgantas. These writers were treated as heroes, whose example was fostered to follow. The image of national writers was employed to create the personal cult of President Antanas Smetona. In accordance with this image, the political leader was presented as the successor of the activities of the writers’ who occupied a significant place in the society.In addition to this ideologized attitude to literature, another approach, which created preconditions for more independent literary processes and more critical reader, began to emerge. Interwar radio broadened the usual forms of literary communication and provided a platform for discussing literary news and a stage for the youngest writers who made their debut in the late 1920s and 1930s. Radio programs dedicated to literature (such as literary evenings and book reviews) demonstrate both the emerging reflection on literary processes and the more critical listener, and testify to the growing autonomy of literature.

Exposure of 4-year to 24-year olds to tobacco imagery on prime-time Chilean television

IntroductionThe extent of the population’s exposure to tobacco imagery across all genres of regular TV programming and the contribution of each of these genres is unknown, except for UK broadcast...

Beyond Global Youth Culture: A Cross-National Comparison of YouTube Usage across the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan

ABSTRACT This paper examines the differences and similarities among three major YouTube markets (U.S.A., Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan) that are culturally very different to test the media globalization and global youth culture thesis and how national cultural values affect YouTube use. Hofstede’s cultural dimension framework was employed to explain the cultural differences in affecting the use of video genres and activities on YouTube. We found more differences than similarities among the U.S., Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan in program genre viewership and activities on YouTubes. Gender difference in program genre viewership was largest in Saudi Arabia with highest power distance and second highest in masculinity. Saudi Arabia also scored highest in engagement activities on YouTube. The results of this study enable media managers and global marketers to develop strategies to provide online video services and utilize YouTube for promotion and underscore the importance of developing recommendation algorithms and other popularity indexes such as the trending page.

Parent viewership of 13 reasons why and parental perceived knowledge about adolescent life: implications for parental efficacy among parents from the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Australia/New Zealand

ABSTRACT There has been a recent increase in television programming that aims to provide realistic portrayals of adolescent life in an effort to both entertain and educate adolescent viewers. Research on this entertainment-education programming has examined the effects on adolescent viewers; however, it has not considered the relationship between parent viewing of such programming and their perceived knowledge about adolescent life. Further, it is possible that parent viewing of entertainment-education programming can relate to parental efficacy indirectly via their perceived knowledge about adolescent life. We test these relationships using data from 1,880 parent viewers and non-viewers (adolescent children ages 13–17) of the series 13 Reasons Why sampled from Brazil, Australia/New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Results suggest an indirect relationship between parent viewership of the series and parental efficacy, via parental perceived knowledge, among parents who viewed the entire first season in comparison to those who only viewed some episodes. There were direct relationships between viewing and parental efficacy when comparing those who viewed all episodes to non-viewing parents. These findings suggest that entertainment-education programming may relate to positive outcomes among parents, with implications for the family ecology. Impact Summary: The genre of entertainment-education programming (EE) includes programs that provide realistic portrayals of adolescent life including portrayals of sensitive topics. Prior examinations of adolescent-directed EE consider effects on adolescent viewers but do not consider the effect on parent viewers. Results suggest an indirect relationship between parent viewership of the Netflix produced series, 13 Reasons Why, and parental efficacy, via parental perceived knowledge. These findings occur among parents who viewed the entire first season of the series in four global regions. These findings suggest that EE programming may relate to positive outcomes among parent viewers and have larger implications for the family ecology by bolstering parental efficacy and perceived knowledge about adolescent life.

СЕВЕРОКАВКАЗСКАЯ РАДИОЖУРНАЛИСТИКА В ГОДЫ УКРЕПЛЕНИЯ БОЛЬШЕВИСТСКОГО ТОТАЛИТАРИЗМА: ОБРЕТЕНИЕ СОБСТВЕННОГО ГОЛОСА

The importance of ideological support for the processes of establishing Soviet power in the North Caucasus increased due to the fact that socialist ideas were little known and incomprehensible to local peoples. The main tool of the Leninist party to propagate socialist transformations – the press – was not effective due to the fact that the mountain population was nearly illiterate. Under these conditions, the only nascent radio became the main tool for manipulating the mass consciousness. The article is a continuation of the publication in the third issue of Proceedings of SFedU for 2020 “Radio Journalism as a Component of the Bolshevist System of Authoritary Journalism of Autonomies of the North Caucasus: the Stage of Formation” and is devoted to the little-studied issues of transformation of a new type of media, relatively independent at the initial stage of Soviet power. It was during this period that the actual radio forms and methods of work of regional radio editions, genres of programs, took shape. Meanwhile, in the historical and journalistic literature, even published in the post-Soviet period, the activities of regional radio broadcasting at the stage of socialist construction are still assessed from the standpoint of communist ideology. It is the time to revise some of the assessments and theses of research carried out in the age of communist authoritarianism. The article attempts to reveal the role of the regional radio journalism in the formation of the dictatorship of the Bolshevik party secretariat, to outline the main trends in the development of the North Caucasian radio, to show the evolution of forms and genres of broadcasting.

Author’s Programs on Contemporary Television and their Peculiarities

The purpose of this research is to analyze the main features of the author's programs on modern television. The research methodology includes such methods as analysis and synthesis (the presence and significance of author’s programs on Ukrainian TV channels are analyzed), generalization (based on the analyzed literature and real air product the factors, features, peculiarities that reveal the essence of author's programs are summarized), systematization. The scientific novelty consists in the detailed analysis of signs of author's programs and their features on television; in an attempt to create their classification by type, depending on the genre format, the contribution of the author’s “ego”, the scope and forms of work on the material. Conclusions. During the study of foreign author’s programs, their features on Ukrainian channels were analyzed in the literature of theorists and practitioners of film and television. It was found that there are few author’s programs created by leading authors in Ukraine and most of them are narrowbranch. The types of this genre of programs have been studied. The peculiarities of the author’s programs on modern television have been generalized.

Classification Program and Story Boundaries Segmentation in TV News Broadcast Videos via Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Given the amount of video information on the net, the user has had difficulty finding the information in a reasonable amount of time. Thus, all video content must be segmented and annotated so that he/she can access the information directly. The goal of the proposed approach is to allow a better exploitation of video by multimedia services (TV-On- Demand, catch-up TV), social community and video-sharing platforms (Youtube, Facebook…). In this work, an approach to classify TV programs and story boundaries segmentation in TV news broadcast video using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is presented. The first step is to extract features from video. This characteristics will modeled as video corpus governings the organization of TV stream content. This organization is carried out on two levels. The first consists in the identification of anchorperson by Single-Linkage Clustering through CNN faces and the second level aims to identify the story of news program due to the large audience because of the pertinent information they contain. In addition, we implement a 360-h broadcast video dataset obtained from five French news channels with ground-truth marked semantic shot categories, program genres and story boundaries. Experiments on this dataset prove the relevance of our approach for news broadcast video segmentation.

Rijaliti programi - apsurd medijske slobode ili izraz medijskog tržišta

Due to great success they have achieved, reality TV programmes have been subject of public debates in Serbia, regarding their social, cultural and political implications for the society. For the first time, psychological crises, violence, pornography, examples of fleeting fame and failure can be seen on live television, as experiences associated with real, human stories. Although a significant part of the public criticizes such content for being marketed in the media space, the subject of these discussions is not only aesthetical but also political, because the decision-makers have different views on the issue of ethical responsibility. Caused by the lack of political will and by the hindered ability to control the content that is publicly aired, the basic dilemma refers to the extent to which such content reflects the idea of media freedoms, i.e. to which extent they cross the ethical, aesthetical and legal-regulatory boundaries. The paper argues that the phenomenon of reality programmes in Serbia should not be viewed outside the economic framework in which they were created and in which they are being developed. Thus, it is argued that the genre of programming is part of a broader tendency to transform the media space into a field of entertainment, which facilitates the commodification of the entire sphere of the media. Through a historical-comparative analysis of the development of reality programmes in Serbia, a critical analysis is given of their content and standards governing the media space, the problem of the ethics of the economic model in relation to which this media format is organized. Furthermore, the paper examines the specifics of reality programmes produced and broadcast in the Serbian media space, considering that the basic ethical task of the media is to recognize and present reality in a socially responsible manner, respecting human dignity and human rights. The content and form of the aforementioned reality series are linked to specific financing models, public-private relations and working conditions in Serbia. Understanding the correlation of these elements with the neoliberal approach in shaping the socio-economic environment, is the fundamental objective of this paper.

High-Energy Audio in Advertising: A Large-Scale Investigation of TV Commercials

A trend reported by both academics and practitioners is that advertising on TV has become increasingly energetic. This study investigates the association between the energy level in ad content and consumers' tendency of ad-watching or ad-avoidance. Using a data set of over 27,000 TV commercials delivered to U.S. homes during the period between 2015 and 2018, the authors first present a framework to algorithmically measure the energy level in ad content from the video of ads. This algorithm-based measure is then compared to the human-perceived energy levels, where the results suggest that the measure can serve as a proxy for the level of arousal stimulated by ad content. By relating the energy levels in ad content with the tendency of ad-watching using two empirical approaches, the authors document the following. Overall, more energetic commercials are likely to be watched more or avoided less by viewers. The positive association between energy levels in ad content and ad-watching is statistically significant after controlling for placement and other aspects of commercials. However, the association varies across product categories and program genres. The authors discuss these results and their implications for advertisers.

Meaning-making processes of genre classification of english tv shows in India

The international television industry recognizes three main programming genres-sitcoms, dramas and reality, although there are many other genres as important, including science, nature, history, crime, thriller, horror, and comedy. In India, such TV genres are imported from Western markets and reproduced in the local industry’s organizational culture. Thus, western modes of TV classification should ideally guide how Indian industry professionals make sense of television programming in their own country. However, there are different departments within the Indian TV industry-e.g., marketing, programming, acquisitions, and research-with potentially competing definitions of what genres are and what they mean. Drawing on data collected from in-depth interviews with seven Indian TV professions in Mumbai within English General Entertainment channels, we discuss the intersection of role identity and genre labeling among Indian TV professionals. This paper finds that professionals classified programming genres within English general entertainment channels (GECs), both as audience members and as TV industry employees. The paper focuses on how professionals make decisions related to genre classifications and how they construct the ‘reality’ of genres, all the while orienting toward larger industry cultural standards and personal viewing practices.