Teaching Program Research Articles

Development of a Badminton Teaching Program Based on Visual Searching Feedback

Background and Aims: Creating a teaching program for badminton is essential to improving players' abilities and guaranteeing a strong base in fitness, technique, and strategy. Additionally, it encourages interest and participation in the sport at all skill levels, from novices to experts, which furthers its growth. Thus, this research investigates the impact of visual search feedback on the performance of a badminton clear stroke teaching program. Methodology: The study involves 30 university students enrolled in a specialized badminton program, divided into an experimental group. By analyzing eye-tracking data, the training aims to enhance students' visual search capabilities and integrates these into the teaching program for badminton clear stroke technique. The specific steps are as follows: 1) Study relevant knowledge on visual search capabilities and badminton clear stroke technique. 2) Collect data on visual search capabilities and badminton clear stroke technique from high-level athletes. 3) Consult experts and gather opinions on eye-tracking data to develop a training program integrating visual search capabilities into the badminton clear stroke technique teaching curriculum. 4) Validate and experiment with the teaching program with 42 students. 5) Implement an 8-week experiment with 30 students, comprising 4 sessions with testing every two weeks, to assess the feasibility of the teaching program. The evaluation criterion is set at E1/E2 = 80/80. Data analysis involves descriptive statistical methods including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test. Results: The major findings show that: 1) The efficiency of adding visual search ability exercises to the badminton clear strokes teaching program was 85.17/88.05, meeting the criteria of E1/E2 = 70/70. 2) The post-test scores in badminton clear stroke technique were significantly higher than the pre-test scores at the 0.05 significance level. Conclusion: The results show that players' technique is significantly improved when visual search ability exercises are added to badminton clear stroke training. The program's effectiveness exceeded expectations, as evidenced by the post-test scores which demonstrated a significant increase over the pre-test findings.

Developing an Integration of Sports and Health Teaching Programs to Improve the Physical and Mental Health of Primary School Students

Background and Aims: At present, China's school physical education focuses on the teaching of sports knowledge and skills, ignoring the individual student's interest in sports activities and health education needs, in recent years, the national education department has required that schools should integrate health education into physical education teaching, but the effect is not obvious, resulting in part of the students' aversion to physical education learning and aversion to emotion, the relevant surveys show that teenagers' rates of myopia, obesity and other indicators are rising year by year The study shows that the myopia rate, obesity rate and other indicators of adolescents are increasing year by year, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of adolescents. From the interdisciplinary perspective of kinesiology and health education, this study aims to develop and implement a teaching program that integrates physical education and health education to improve the physical and mental health of fifth-grade elementary school students. The specific objectives were to improve students' physical skills and health knowledge and to promote their overall physical and mental health development through integrally designed program content. Methodology: This paper adopts the methods of literature, questionnaire survey, expert interview, and comparative experimental method, and analyzes the G*power software to determine the sample size, conducts questionnaires, physical fitness, psychological, and other pre-tests on the samples, and screens out 60 students aged between 10 and 11 years old in two fifth-grade classes of Jinzhou Elementary School to be the subjects of the experimental experiment: class 1 is the experimental group of 30 people, including 14 boys, girls 16 students; class 2 is the control group of 30 students, of which 13 are boys and 17 are girls. A before-and-after comparison experimental design was used to assess the effect of the new teaching program through tests such as the integrated physical education and health teaching program, students' physical fitness testing instruments, psychometric scales, mean, standard deviation, t-test statistics, and so on. Results: The experimental results showed that the teaching program integrating physical education and health education had a significant positive effect on improving the physical fitness and mental health of primary school students. This is manifested in the significant improvement of students' BMI, lung capacity, motor skills, and mental health indicators. Conclusion: The physical education and health integration teaching program proposed in this study not only effectively improves the physical and mental health of primary school students, but also provides new ideas and methods for the reform and development of elementary school education. The empirical results of this study provide a basis for future related research and have certain application value and academic contribution.

The effectiveness of ChatGPT in assisting high school students in programming learning: evidence from a quasi-experimental research

ABSTRACT Programming education gains importance in high schools as the digital age progresses. However, the openness and adaptability of programming languages present unique challenges for instructional practices compared to other subjects. While traditional instructional tools offer limited support, ChatGPT, a groundbreaking Generative Artificial Intelligence, has shown impressive capabilities in natural language processing and knowledge generation. This study explored whether ChatGPT can transcend existing limitations and improve programming education through a quasi-experimental approach with post-hoc interviews in high school classrooms. A total of 153 students participated, and the results from MANCOVA and ANCOVA analyses revealed that students using ChatGPT reported lower levels of flow experience, self-efficacy, and learning achievement compared to those utilizing conventional methods. Post-hoc interviews further revealed that students felt ChatGPT's effectiveness in facilitating their programming learning fell short of their initial expectations. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider the complexity of programming learning tasks and students' cognitive, affective, and interactive dimensions when integrating AI technologies into education. We discuss the implications and provide thorough pedagogical strategies, specifically the guidance–practice–transformation (G–P–T) mode, to maximize the potential of AI tools and support high school programming education, emphasizing the balance of technological innovation with learning best practices.

Working in the gap: empowering local educators in Taiwan’s bilingual education policy

ABSTRACT Focusing on Taiwan’s bilingual education policy, this study explores the complex relationship between top-down policy and local educators' agency. It highlights the role of a professional development (PD) program for bilingual teachers in shaping the interpretation and implementation of bilingual education policy through a case study at an Elementary School in southern Taiwan. This study draws on Hornberger and Johnson’s (2007, 2011) ethnographic conceptualization of language policy. Through semi-structured and focus group interviews with bilingual teachers, it investigates how the PD program acts as a catalyst in shaping participants’ language ideologies, language use, and pedagogical practices. The research also explores the tensions and challenges faced by local educators in bilingual education. The findings underscore the significant role of language policy arbiters, including the PD program and the local educators, in addressing the conceptual gap in Taiwan’s bilingual education policy and carving out the ideological and implementational space for an inclusive approach to bilingual education. They also demonstrate the agency of local educators in interpreting and appropriating bilingual education policy. Overall, this study provides insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers in the field of bilingual education, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between policy and practice in non-English speaking contexts.

“If we could look at kids as a whole”: Teachers negotiating science of reading approaches with multilingual learners

ABSTRACT “Science of Reading” approaches are prevalent in U.S. schools, but have not adequately addressed cultural and contextual factors for teaching in bilingual programs. Using cases from three bilingual teachers, we explore how teachers negotiated their biliteracy instruction after their district implemented a Science of Reading approach based on the simple view of reading. Data included coursework and interviews and were analyzed iteratively. Findings from this study show how Science of Reading approaches developed teacher knowledge of English foundational skills. However, participants interrogated the direct application of a simple view of reading to Spanish literacy and questioned instructional practices designed from a monolingual view for application with multilinguals. Teachers leveraged supports in their contexts and their professional and personal expertise to adapt and enhance their instruction. Issues of equity and access were raised since not all teachers shared this prior knowledge or contextual supports. Study findings point to the need for fostering pedagogical clarity within cultural contexts, preparing educators for critical decision-making in literacy reform. We call for approaches that recognize the unique cultural and linguistic resources of multilingual learners and their teachers.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Usage of Menstrual Cup among Adolescents Studying at BVVS High School Bagalkot

Background: A menstrual cup is a type of reusable feminine hygiene product. It’s a small, flexible funnel-shaped cup made of silicone that you insert into your vagina to collect blood. Cups can hold more blood than other methods, you can wear a menstrual cup for 6 to 12 hours. Method: The present study is a pre-experimental: among 50 adolescent girls, using disproportional stratified random technique. The data was collected by using the structured close ended knowledge questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical in terms of mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired t test, wilcoxon signed rank test and chi square test. Results: In pre test revels that out of 50 adolescent girls, highest pretest, (84%) had moderate knowledge (6%) of adolescent girls had good knowledge, (10%) had poor knowledge. In post revels that (84%) highest posttest adolescent girls had good knowledge (16%) had moderate knowledge, none of had poor knowledge. In attitude score (86%) highest pretest of adolescent girls had moderate attitude (10%) had low attitude, (4%) had adequate knowledge. In post test score highest (90%) adolescent girls had adequate attitude, (10%) adolescent girls that moderate attitude, (0%) had low attitude, in posttest attitude score of adolescent girl no one had a low attitude. Conclusion: The study provides that video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding usage of menstrual cup among adolescent girls was scientified.

Effectiveness of an innovative athletic program at the 1st stage of primary school

The aim of the experiment was to test the effectiveness of an innovative program in grade 3 of elemantary school and to compare the results with a traditional teaching program for lower stage of elementary school. The experiment took place at the Ďumbierska primry School in Banská Bystrica. One class was randomly assigned as an experimental group, in which teaching in the form of an innovative programme took place, and the other as a control group, in which teaching in the traditional way took place. Subsequently, the application of the innovative programme was carried out in the scope of 9 lessons. A 5-point scoring scale was developed to assess athletic skills. SPSS Statistic statistical program was used to detect statistical significance and the results were evaluated at α ≤ 0.05 level. The pupils of the experimental group achieved a significant improvement in sports skills compared to the control group, which was confirmed by calculating the statistical significance. The most significant improvement was recorded in short distance running, where pupils of the experimental group improved by 32%. In short distance running, the most significant differences between the experimental and control group were also recorded, by 20%. In the standing long jump, an improvement of 23.5% was recorded, with a more significant improvement of 19% compared to the control group. The least significant differences were recorded in cricket ball throwing, where the experimental group improved by 16.75%, 13% more than the control group. Based on the results, we recommend incorporating more innovative exercises, exercises in pairs and movement games, following the methodological procedures, incorporating more teaching aids to make the lesson more varied and fun for the pupils.

Research and Practice on Experimental Teaching of Business Intelligence Data Analysis Course in the Context of New Liberal Arts

With the rapid development of social economy, e-commerce has become one of the most vibrant industries today. However, the e-commerce major is also facing problems like the disconnection between theoretical teaching and practical application, and the lack of cultivation of data thinking and analysis skills in talent training. To this end, this study constructed an experimental environment for business intelligence data analysis courses, designed four types of experimental teaching programs including validation, design, openness, and teamwork, and implemented project-driven experimental teaching in an orderly manner through experimental skills training, staged experimental advancement, and procedural evaluation. The results showed that the application of the experimental teaching mode significantly improved students' ability to understand and apply theoretical knowledge, solve practical problems, and comprehend independent analysis and teamwork. This provided an effective example for the teaching reform of e-commerce majors, and also made talent training more in line with industry needs, with popularization value. Follow-up still needs to continue to enrich experimental content, and increase blended teaching and other forms to further improve teaching effectiveness.

Application of Programming Education in the Cultivation of Children's Core Literacy

The role of programming education in cultivating children's core literacy in the era of digital intelligence is becoming increasingly prominent. The article defines core concepts such as children's core literacy and programming education, and summarizes the relevant policies and measures of UNESCO, the European Union, and governments of various countries on core literacy and programming education; The role of programming education in children's intelligence literacy, information literacy, innovation literacy, and humanistic literacy was studied through case studies; Based on the cognitive patterns and developmental characteristics of children, methods suitable for children's programming education have been proposed; Analyzed the challenges faced by children's programming education and proposed targeted countermeasures.

John Chrysostom (and His Listeners) on the Lord's Prayer

Although the Our Father was, as Robert Hill observed, the prayer for John Chrysostom, his reflections on the Lord's Prayer have received little attention. On first glance, the neglect is hardly surprising. Inasmuch as his comments reiterate typical themes for the late fourth-century preacher (communal solidarity, spiritual goods, ethical action, and recollection of the judgment), they do not seem especially novel or arresting. When read, however, as a response to his listeners’ assumptions, Chrysostom's words take on added interest: they allow us a rare glimpse into the beliefs and practices of “ordinary” lay Christians. Although they too recited the Lord's Prayer—perhaps daily—they were not focused on personal ethical reformation or on future invisible things. For them, prayer was a means to protect their household and to secure immediate, tangible goods; their practice included the use of amulets, oaths, and curses. It is this outlook, more familiar to us from the material record than from the teachings of the church fathers, that illuminates Chrysostom's comments on the Lord's Prayer. Because he hoped to shift his listeners’ views, he attached his most characteristic themes to the prayer attributed to Jesus. The familiarity of these teachings, far from being a weakness, shows the strength of Chrysostom's pedagogical program.

Evaluation of an oral health education training program for kindergarten teachers

ObjectivesThis study aims to examine kindergarten teachers’ satisfaction and their perceived impact of an oral health education (OHE) training program.MethodsThis study followed the steps outlined in the Program Evaluation Standards in Public Health recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All kindergarten teachers in Hong Kong were invited to attend the OHE training. The training comprised a lecture and a group discussion among six to eight teachers facilitated by trained dentists. The participating teachers were invited to complete an online questionnaire after the training. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions: six close-ended questions to evaluate teachers’ satisfaction with the training, their perceived oral-health-related knowledge, and their perceived competence in delivering OHE, and one open-ended question to collect their comments and suggestions for enhancing the OHE training.ResultsA total of 6,210 teachers joined the OHE training and 4,882 teachers completed the questionnaires (response rate: 79%). The survey found that 4,691 (96%) teachers were satisfied with the training, and the same number agreed that the OHE training was essential for delivering OHE. In addition, 4,680 (96%) teachers found the lecture informative and 4,393 (90%) teachers rated the group discussion as useful. After the OHE training, 4,716 (96%) teachers reported that they were more knowledgeable in recognizing childhood oral diseases and 4,665 (96%) teachers believed they were more skillful in delivering OHE. Regarding comments and suggestions, teachers opined that the OHE was informative and comprehensive. They suggested developing videos and hands-on workshops for the OHE training and expressed a desire to learn more about the dental treatment of common dental diseases. They also recommended providing teaching aids, such as booklets and tooth models, for use in kindergartens.ConclusionThe kindergarten teachers generally had a better understanding of childhood oral conditions after the OHE training. They were generally satisfied with the training and became more confident in delivering OHE to kindergarten children.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Myocardial Infaraction and its Prevention among the Relatives of Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at BVVS HSK Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Myocardial Infaraction and its Prevention among the Relatives of Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at BVVS HSK Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot

Student physical education teaching achievement test incorporating biomechanics analysis via decision tree algorithm

In the context of China’s economic growth, building a “sports power” is crucial. With the Internet’s development, the nation focuses on physical education curriculum and students’ test results. Currently, Chinese students’ physical education achievements are mainly evaluated by storage, inquiry, and basic statistics. Digital mining is under - utilized, leaving much data unexplored. But digital education’s progress has brought educational data to the fore, enabling schools to find value and patterns for better teaching decisions. In this case, this paper delves into the integration of biomechanics analysis into the assessment of student physical education teaching achievements. Biomechanics offers invaluable insights into the mechanical aspects of human movement during physical activities. By examining biomechanical factors such as joint angles, muscle forces, and movement velocities during various sports, a more profound understanding of students’ physical capabilities and performance can be achieved. Taking the physical test results of students in a specific school as a case study, this research employs data mining technology to explore the rich dataset. The optimized decision tree algorithm is then utilized to analyze the biomechanics - related data. This algorithm enables the identification of key factors that influence students’ physical test outcomes. For instance, it can pinpoint how a student’s running gait mechanics, including stride length, frequency, and leg - muscle activation patterns, affect their performance in track - and - field events. Through this comprehensive approach, the paper not only aims to uncover hidden information within the physical test data but also to elucidate the intricate interplay between biomechanics and students’ overall physical education performance. By dissecting the factors that influence physical test results from a biomechanical perspective, this study provides actionable insights for enhancing physical education teaching methods. Educators can leverage these findings to design personalized teaching programs that cater to the unique biomechanical characteristics of each student, thereby optimizing the effectiveness of physical education and promoting students’ physical development and athletic performance.

Analysis of the social-epistemological dimensions of a Clinical Teaching Unit and Small Private Online Course compared to a traditional clerkship Internal Medicine.

Clinical workplace learning is often suboptimal due to the dynamics of the clinical learning environment and several challenges encountered in clinical practice. At LUMC, clinical teachers introduced a novel blended learning program that included both the introduction of a Clinical Teaching Unit (CTU) and Small Private Online Course (SPOC). This study aimed to analyze the educational content and design of our educational interventions, by categorizing and comparing the dimensions of the learning program before and after the interventions. The novel blended learning program was integrated into a clerkship internal medicine, aiming to optimize clerks' clinical workplace learning. Therefore, a traditional inpatient ward was transformed into a CTU, featuring the introduction of learning activities that promoted multidisciplinary and interprofessional learning. It included an integrated SPOC, aiming to improve clinical reasoning skills, feedback and collaboration of the clerks. The authors analyzed the clerkships' content and design, by categorizing the social-epistemological dimensions of the teaching modes offered before (traditional clerkship) and after (including CTU and SPOC) the intervention. These dimensions consisted of individual versus group (collaborative), and objectivist versus constructive learning categories. The CTU model added eleven group activities to the clinical workplace, of which nine were characterized as constructivist-group activities. It also led to more active learning of the clerks, compared to the traditional clerkship. Analysis of the SPOC revealed 344 teaching modes in total, which included 113 objectivist-individual, 205 constructive-individual and 23 constructive-group activities. Compared to a traditional clerkship, the CTU with SPOC led to more constructivist and collaborative learning and a more diverse educational program. This study illustrates a methodology to address active and collaborative learning activities in an educational program, and offers tools to evaluate and redesign one's teaching program. The methods and models described can be applied to clinical environments in other areas of medicine.

Inclusion of Students with ADHD in Secondary School Through an Innovative Motor Science Educational Curriculum

This experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of an innovative motor science teaching program aimed at promoting the inclusion and involvement of students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in secondary school. Sixty students (30 in the sample group and 30 in the control group) participated in the program, while 10 specially trained motor education teachers implemented the activities. The quantitative analysis showed a significant improvement in school inclusion scores (as measured by the Ainscow Inclusion Scale) and school engagement scores (Student Engagement Scale), with a strong positive correlation between the two parameters (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). The qualitative analysis, based on interviews with teachers, revealed positive perceptions of the program and emphasized the importance of training to address behavioral difficulties and ensure an inclusive school environment. The results suggest that customized motor education programs, combined with targeted training for teachers, can foster greater inclusion of students with ADHD in the school setting.

Exploring pre-service English language teachers’ readiness for AI-integrated language instruction

ABSTRACT Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have created new opportunities in education. While existing research has largely focused on AI’s role in educational contexts and teachers’ perceptions of AI-supported learning, there remains a notable gap in understanding teachers’ readiness to integrate AI into their instructional practices. This study addresses this gap by exploring pre-service English language teachers’ (PELTs) readiness to incorporate AI into their future classrooms, specifically examining their confidence in using AI, attitudes towards AI, and perceived needs for training and support. The study involved nine PELTs enrolled at a state university in Türkiye and employed a qualitative methodology. Data were collected through reflective journals and semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was used to identify key findings. Results revealed that PELTs generally hold positive attitudes towards AI-supported education but emphasize the need for targeted training and additional support to implement AI effectively in their teaching practices. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing AI-related training programs for pre-service teachers to facilitate the integration of AI in education. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to validate these results and provide robust insights for policymaking and curriculum development.

Examining Primary School Principals’ Instructional Leadership Practices: A Case Study on Curriculum Reform and Implementation

This study examines how primary school principals navigate and influence curriculum reform through instructional leadership. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from semi-structured interviews and structured observations with three purposefully selected principals, guided by the Principal Instructional Management model. Interview questions focused on three core areas—developing the school mission, managing the instructional program, and fostering a positive school climate—allowing principals to share insights on their leadership strategies, challenges, and engagement in curriculum reform. Observations captured real-time practices, such as classroom visits, teacher interactions, and feedback sessions, to provide a comprehensive view of their instructional leadership roles. Thematic analysis revealed that principals actively shape school missions by integrating personal beliefs, educational agendas, and curriculum policy knowledge. They engage in reflective practices such as meetings and retreats to reinforce the school’s vision among teachers, manage instructional programs through routine and random checks, motivate teachers with positive feedback, and promote a positive climate by supporting social cohesion and addressing teachers’ personal needs. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of instructional leadership, where principals balance personal convictions with policy-driven mandates. Recommendations include targeted professional development and formal policy recognition of instructional leadership to empower principals in leading reform efforts.

E‐Learning Design Based on E‐Learning Readiness

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the e‐learning readiness of Turkish family physicians and to obtain the views of program instructors to design the e‐learning system. An online questionnaire was applied, and 1172 family physicians answered, and a semi‐structured interview was done with the program educators. Infrastructure and equipment readiness was 77.64%, and there was a need for quantitative and qualitative improvements. Online learning readiness was 75.13%, and efforts were needed to develop education and online culture. Information technology readiness was 74.47%, and there was a need to develop information technology knowledge. Attitude readiness was 64.22%, and it was insufficient; it was understood that behaviour and desire need to be developed more to improve. Considering demographic characteristics, age was the strongest and most significant predictor of e‐learning readiness. In the interviews with the program trainers, e‐learning training, development of human resources capacity, increasing enthusiasm for technology, use of asynchronous course format, and development of online culture were indicated for improving an e‐learning system for trainers. It was concluded that information technology readiness moderately affected online learning and attitude readiness but slightly affected equipment and infrastructure readiness. As a result, it showed that 72.80% of Turkish family physicians were ready for e‐learning and needed several improvements for sufficient e‐learning readiness.

Knowing how to research versus research methodology The case of UNAH Pedagogy Program in Honduras

Knowing how to research versus research methodology The case of UNAH Pedagogy Program in Honduras

Design and Research on Evaluation System of Computer Pro-gramming Code Quality

With the ongoing development of software engineering and programming education, the demand for evaluating programming code quality is increasing. High-quality code not only en-hances software maintainability and performance but also helps developers and learners optimize their coding skills. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of an evaluation system for computer programming code quality, proposing a multi-dimensional evaluation method that includes readability, complexity, efficiency, and security. The system combines static analysis with machine learning to automate code analysis and optimization recommendations, providing users with objective feedback on code quality. Additionally, this paper explores application cases of the system in programming education and software development, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving code quality and enhancing users' programming skills. Finally, the research contribu-tions are summarized, and directions for future improvements are proposed to further enhance the system’s intelligence and applicability.