Program Targets Research Articles

The relationship government, community, companions and economic empowerment of coastal women in Sampang Regency – Indonesia

The purpose of the research to study the role of stakeholders in empowerment economy Woman the coast in Sampang Regency Indonesia. Stakeholder involvement in empowerment programs economy Woman Coast is a very important role in the success of the program. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive research type. The location used in this study is in the coastal area of Sampang Regency. Data collection techniques are carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. While the data analysis technique uses a model Creswell. The results of the study state from the three stakeholders are government, community and companions Still not optimal. This is seen from the role of government in empowering coastal women's economy, both in organizing and implementing programs, has been quite good, but women's response Coast as program targets are still less. Besides less response is also very lacking in program sustainability so that the program that has been implemented not enough give optimal results. In addition, the activities of the assistants are only limited to the implementation of program activities. The role of assistants in understanding the success of empowerment programs and creating new entrepreneurs is still lacking.

Mental health impacts of spousal caregiving intensity in the US.

In the US, spouses are a major source of informal care for older adults and, therefore, key to the US national strategy to provide long-term care to the growing population of older adults. Understanding the mental health impacts of spousal caregiving is therefore critically important. Existing studies on the topic have often been limited by methodological limitations, and most overlook the role of caregiving intensity. In this study, we assess the impact of providing different intensities of caregiving to a spouse on mental health outcomes using data from the Health and Retirement Study. We address the endogeneity of the decision to provide different caregiving intensities using an augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimator adapted to handle multivalued treatments. We check the robustness of our estimates to the AIPW's identifying assumptions by re-estimating the model using a dynamic fixed effects estimator. We find strong evidence that becoming a caregiver is associated with worsened mental health outcomes for women, while the evidence for men is weaker. When disaggregating by caregiving intensity, we find that transitions into high-intensity caregiving lead to large increases in depression symptoms and the probability of exhibiting major depression for both men and women. The overall mental health impact of transiting into caregiving is driven almost exclusively by the negative impact of high-intensity caregiving, as transitions into low- and moderate-intensity caregiving are not associated with worsening mental health in most specifications. This study provides timely insights that can inform the targeting of long-term care policies and programs aimed at supporting family caregivers of older adults.

Desires and Needs for Quitting Both e-Cigarettes and Cigarettes Among Young Adults: Formative Qualitative Study Informing the Development of a Smartphone Intervention for Dual Tobacco Cessation.

Dual use of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes is popular among young adults and may lead to greater nicotine dependence and additive adverse health effects than single-product use. However, existing cessation programs target quitting either e-cigarettes or cigarettes, highlighting a need for interventions to help young adults quit both products (ie, dual tobacco cessation). This formative study is part of a larger project to develop a smartphone intervention for dual tobacco cessation among young adults. This study aimed to (1) explore desires for and experiences with quitting both e-cigarettes and cigarettes and (2) identify needs and preferences for dual tobacco cessation intervention programming. Semistructured interviews were conducted to elicit the need for and experience with dual tobacco cessation among 14 young adults (18-29 years old) recruited through Instagram (Meta) advertisements in 2023. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify common themes related to quitting experiences and cessation needs. Participants expressed a strong desire for dual tobacco cessation and had attempted to quit both tobacco products, mostly "cold turkey." The priority product for quitting first varied by the individual's perceived harm or level of consumption. Targets for dual tobacco cessation interventions included (1) highlighting the health effects of dual tobacco use compared with single product use, (2) providing cessation support to quit one prioritized product while cutting down the other product with the explicit goal to quit both, (3) emphasizing unique facilitators and barriers to quitting each product (eg, unpleasant smell of cigarettes facilitating smoking cessation and accessibility and flavors of e-cigarettes hindering vaping cessation), and (4) addressing co-use of tobacco with alcohol or cannabis. Participants wanted personalized interventions through smartphone apps that would tailor support to their tobacco use patterns and unique quitting goals and needs. They also suggested presenting intervention content in multimedia (eg, videos, graphic pictures, quizzes, and games) to increase engagement. This study provides important insights into young adults' experiences, needs, and preferences for dual tobacco product cessation. We highlight important targets for future smartphone apps to deliver personalized and tailored support to meet the heterogeneous needs and preferences of young people who want to quit using both e-cigarettes and cigarettes.

Overcoming the streetlight effect: Shining light on the foundations of learning and development in early childhood.

Developmental theory has long emphasized a range of skills that young children need for healthy development across the life course. Nevertheless, most evaluations of early childhood programs and policies have focused on measuring a somewhat limited set of competencies. In this article, we explore this "streetlight effect" in early childhood intervention research and propose an initial set of skills that we argue should be prioritized alongside traditionally measured outcomes as targets of intervention during the preschool period (i.e., between ages 3 and 5 years). These skills, which we call the foundations of learning and development (FOLD) skills, include both well-studied and emerging constructs such as curiosity, creativity, self-regulation and executive function, critical thinking, perspective taking, and internal representations of self. To better understand FOLD skills' potential as more practical, effective, and inclusive targets of early childhood programs and policies, we review research regarding each skill's malleability, measurability, predictive validity, and universality. We end with a set of future directions for the field, including the need to (a) formulate a more inclusive taxonomy of FOLD skills that incorporates currently omitted competencies relevant to marginalized populations, (b) measure these skills in scalable and actionable ways, and (c) enhance or modify intervention strategies to optimize the development of these FOLD skills in the preschool period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Evaluasi Program Bantuan Sosial Lansia Non Potensial di Kota Madiun dengan Model Context Input Process Product (CIPP)

The non-potential elderly social assistance program is Madiun City's flagship program for handling helpless elderly which is implemented on an ongoing basis, but has never been evaluated for its effectiveness. The aim of the research is to describe the results of the match between program achievements and the initial design and to determine the driving and inhibiting factors of the program. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. Evaluation uses the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. The results of the Context evaluation explain that the program objectives and target priorities are in line with community needs. Input shows that the instruments for implementing the program are incomplete. Process describes program implementation as less effective. The product shows that the program objectives have been achieved but have not been maximized. Meanwhile, factors driving the success of the program include the commitment of the Mayor of Madiun, fairly complete regulations, funding support, and community participation in implementing the program. Inhibiting factors include the limited number of implementing human resources, the lack of synergy between various parties, and the lack of an integrated system. The conclusion is that this program is still needed for the treatment of non-potential elderly, but program improvements need to be implemented immediately so that the goals are achieved more optimally.

Identification and Targeting of Regulators of SARS-CoV-2-Host interactions in the Airway Epithelium.

Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung has been extensively studied, the molecular regulators and targets of the host-cell programs hijacked by the virus in distinct human airway epithelial cell populations remain poorly understood. This is in part ascribed to the use of non-primary cell systems, overreliance on single-cell gene expression profiling that not ultimately reflect protein activity and bias toward the downstream effects rather than their mechanistic determinants. Here we address these issues by network-based analysis of single cell transcriptomic profiles of pathophysiologically relevant human adult basal, ciliated and secretory cells to identify master regulator (MR) protein modules controlling their SARS-CoV-2-mediated reprogramming. This uncovered chromatin remodeling, endosomal sorting, ubiquitin pathway as well as proviral factors identified by CRISPR analyses as components of the host response collectively or selectively activated in these cells. Large-scale perturbation assays, using a clinically-relevant drug library, identified 11 drugs able to invert the entire MR signature activated by SARS-CoV-2 in these cell types. Leveraging MR analysis and perturbational profiles of human primary cells, represents a novel mechanism-based approach and resource that can be directly generalized to interrogate signatures of other airway conditions for drug prioritization.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.).

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical evergreen shrub that produces vitamin C-rich fruits. Increasing fruit nutrition is one of the main targets of acerola breeding programs. Genomic tools have been shown to accelerate plant breeding even in fruiting tree species, which generally have a long life cycle; however, the availability of genomic resources in acerola, so far, has been limited. In this study, as a first step toward developing an efficient breeding technology for acerola, we established a chromosome-scale genome assembly of acerola using high-fidelity long-read sequencing and genetic mapping. The resultant assembly comprises 10 chromosome-scale sequences that span a physical distance of 1,032.5Mb and contain 35,892 predicted genes. Phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide SNPs in 60 acerola breeding materials revealed three distinct genetic groups. Overall, the genomic resource of acerola developed in this study, including its genome and gene sequences, genetic map, and phylogenetic relationship among breeding materials, will not only be useful for acerola breeding but will also facilitate genomic and genetic studies on acerola and related species.

Strengths, Barriers, and Recommendations for a Wraparound Gang Intervention Program Targeting High Risk Youth

ABSTRACT The Wraparound approach aims to prevent and interrupt gang activity by “wrapping” youth with individualized supports to increase prosocial connections and reduce the risks for gang involvement. The current study examines 38 interviews with program staff and external stakeholders to assess implementation strengths and challenges of a Wraparound program in British Columbia, Canada. Thematic analysis resulted in seven strengths-related themes concerning program structure, team, and youth engagement strategies, and seven challenge-related themes regarding youth interactions, resources, and communication. Findings highlight the benefits of an individualized approach, with consideration of enhanced communication and outreach strategies, resource allocation, and case manager training.

Revealing spatial and temporal patterns of residential cooling in Southern California through combined estimates of AC ownership and use

Air conditioning (AC) is an important tool for combatting the adverse health effects of heat, but its use can also drive surges of high demand for electricity. To better understand these effects, there is a need for non-intrusive methods of estimating AC access and operation. In this study, we use a novel methodology to identify residential AC ownership rates using smart meter data from 200,000 customers in Southern California, and find that 79 % of all customers in the region have AC. In contrast to previous methods, we classify AC ownership using hourly, rather than daily, electricity consumption records and directly account for the potential presence of electric heating. We then adapt and apply an algorithm to determine in which hours these households operate their AC. We estimate that the average customer runs their AC during 8.3 % of all hours in the two-year study period, but census-tract level averages range from 1 to 23 % of all hours. Lastly, we combine our estimates of AC ownership and use to analyze cooling behavior spatially and temporally, and are able to identify pockets of high cooling demand, areas lacking in access or the ability to use their AC, and potential targets for cooling-related DR programs.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesia Through Effective Government Assistance Programs

Background: The economic recovery of Sidoarjo Regency post-pandemic hinges on effective assistance programs for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly women's business groups. Specific Background: This study investigates the efficacy of the Sidoarjo Regency Government’s assistance program for independent women’s business groups, with a focus on its impact on resilience and independence within this demographic. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing literature on government assistance programs, there is a lack of detailed evaluations regarding their effectiveness, specifically in the context of women's entrepreneurship in Sidoarjo. Aims: This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the assistance program through qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and documentation. Results: Findings reveal that the program has been effective, particularly for the Teman Setia Kitchen business, measured against Sutrisno's (2010) indicators: program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, goal achievement, and real change. While some discrepancies with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) exist, the overall impact on groups like Dapur Teman Setia, Mawar Boga, and Agung Tersena has been positive. Novelty: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting specific indicators of program effectiveness and providing actionable insights for improving governmental support for women entrepreneurs. Implications: The research underscores the importance of effective government intervention in fostering women’s entrepreneurship and calls for improved targeting and timeliness in aid disbursement, which are essential for the sustainable development of MSMEs in Sidoarjo. Highlights: Effectiveness measured: Understanding, target accuracy, and timely assistance evaluated. Positive impact: Increased income and improved welfare for women entrepreneurs. Communication gaps: Need for better outreach and administrative processes identified. Keywords: women's empowerment, MSMEs, government assistance, program effectiveness, economic recovery

Rose Nourish to Flourish Obesity Prevention Program Targeting Children at Risk for Food Insecurity in Jacksonville, Florida

Rose Nourish to Flourish Obesity Prevention Program Targeting Children at Risk for Food Insecurity in Jacksonville, Florida

Assessing SIKS-NG for Poverty Data Management in Social Welfare

The Specific background shows that although many E-Government applications have been implemented, the effectiveness of the next generation social welfare information system (SIKS-NG) in processing poverty data at the village level is still poorly understood. Knowledge gap raises questions about how SIKS-NG can be optimized to meet social welfare objectives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of SIKS-NG as a poverty data processing application and identify the challenges faced in its implementation. Results of the study show that accuracy in determining program targets, lack of effective socialization, and inadequate monitoring are obstacles to the optimization of SIKS-NG. The novelty of this study lies in the descriptive qualitative approach that reveals the direct experiences of stakeholders in using the application. Implications of these findings suggest the need for improvements in program socialization and monitoring so that SIKS-NG can function optimally and provide maximum benefits to the community in managing poverty data and improving public services in the field of social welfare. Highlights: Assessing the effectiveness of SIKS-NG in poverty data management. Highlighting issues with accuracy, socialization, and monitoring. Gathering direct experiences from users to inform improvements. Keywords: E-Government, SIKS-NG, Poverty Data, Social Welfare, Implementation Challenges

Spatial distribution, ecological and ecotoxicity evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils along Lala-Manjo Highway, Cameroon Volcanic Line

This study aims at assessing the spatial distribution, ecological and toxicity levels of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Lala-Manjo Highway in Cameroon. The soil samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The result shows that Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Sr, V and Zn concentrations are higher than those of the upper continental crust reference values except those of As, Cd and Pb. Correlation coefficient indicate similar input sources governed by same geochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution maps show high concentration of heavy metals in east, south and western part of the study area. Pollution indicators show that enrichment factor varied from moderate to high enrichment of heavy metals. The contamination degree (27.12–35.59), geo-accumulation index (0.01–4.94), and potential ecological risk index (RI = < 150) revealed a low to moderate levels of metallic pollution. The majority of stations have pollution load index and Nemerow integrated pollution index values greater than one, indicating serious pollution. Modified hazard quotient and toxic risk index suggest significant severity of pollution and low toxicity risk of heavy metals, pointing low toxicity effects of heavy metals to fauna and flora in the soil ecosystem. Considering the factors governing soils accumulation such as geology, climate and anthropogenic activities as well as the correlation with commonly used environmental background, it is proposed that the data from this study can be considered as a baseline of pollution to plan major agricultural developments in the area. The study underlines the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptive management for the preservation of soil ecosystem. The results may assist companies and local population in setting realistic targets for monitoring and remediation programs.

Beyond the 95s: What happens when uniform program targets are applied across a heterogenous HIV epidemic in Eastern and Southern Africa?

The UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets are an important metric for guiding national HIV programs and measuring progress towards ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat by 2030. Nevertheless, as proportional targets, the outcome of reaching the 95-95-95 targets will vary greatly across, and within, countries owing to the geographic diversity of the HIV epidemic. Countries and subnational units with a higher initial prevalence and number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) will remain with a larger number and higher prevalence of virally unsuppressed PLHIV—persons who may experience excess morbidity and mortality and can transmit the virus to others. Reliance on achievement of uniform proportional targets as a measure of program success can potentially mislead resource allocation and progress towards equitable epidemic control. More granular surveillance information on the HIV epidemic is required to effectively calibrate strategies and intensity of HIV programs across geographies and address current and projected health disparities that may undermine efforts to reach and sustain HIV epidemic control even after the 95 targets are achieved.

Family functioning and the implications for adult weight management.

Strong support for family-based interventions in child and adolescent weight management exists. However, family-based interventions have not been as well documented in adult populations. Given that many adults operate within family systems that could influence their weight management behaviors, research is needed to establish possible family-level variables as intervention targets for adult weight loss programs. This study tested the relationship between family functioning (defined as support and bonding), chaos (defined as disorder in the home), and weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity participating in a behavioral weight-loss program. Participants (N = 118; baseline mean body mass index 33.8 ± 3.7; 69.5% female; 97.5% White; 67.8% with a combined annual income of $75k or above; 90.7% completed some college or above) were from a randomized controlled trial examining weight loss ripple effects (Gorin et al., 2018) in individuals assigned to either 6 months of WW (formerly Weight Watchers) or a self-guided approach. Higher family support and bonding at baseline were associated with greater percent weight loss at 6 months. Family support and bonding at baseline were associated with lower chaos in the home at 6 months. However, this was moderated by condition such that this association was significant in the WW but not the self-guided group. Results provide theoretical support that targeting family dynamics may improve weight loss outcomes in behavioral weight loss programs for adults. Future research should test whether family support, bonding, chaos, or other related variables such as family cohesion and adaptability-focused interventions improve weight loss outcomes for adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Social relationship factors, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study into their interrelatedness.

Different aspects of social relationships (e.g., social network size or loneliness) have been associated with dementia risk, while their overlap and potentially underlying pathways remain largely unexplored. This study therefore aimed to (1) discriminate between different facets of social relationships by means of factor analysis, (2) examine their associations with dementia risk, and (3) assess mediation by depressive symptoms. Thirty-six items from questionnaires on social relationships administered in Wave 2 (2004/2005) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 7536) were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Factors were then used as predictors in Cox proportional hazard models with dementia until Wave 9 as outcome, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Structural equation modeling tested mediation by depressive symptoms through effect decomposition. Factor analyses identified six social factors. Across a median follow-up time of 11.8 years (IQR = 5.9-13.9 years), 501 people developed dementia. Higher factor scores for frequency and quality of contact with children (HR = 0.88; p = 0.021) and more frequent social activity engagement (HR = 0.84; p < 0.001) were associated with lower dementia risk. Likewise, higher factor scores for loneliness (HR = 1.13; p = 0.011) and negative experiences of social support (HR = 1.10; p = 0.047) were associated with higher dementia risk. Mediation analyses showed a significant partial effect mediation by depressive symptoms for all four factors. Additional analyses provided little evidence for reverse causation. Frequency and quality of social contacts, social activity engagement, and feelings of loneliness are associated with dementia risk and might be suitable targets for dementia prevention programs, partly by lowering depressive symptoms.

Maternal Anxiety with Infant Pain During Immunization

Maternal and child health is still the target of health development programs in Indonesia. Immunization is important to prevent children from getting sick or even dying from certain diseases. The procedure for giving immunizations, most of which are by injection, is one of the reasons parents delay or even don't bring their children to be immunized because they can't bear to see their children cry. This study aimed to see the relationship between maternal anxiety and the pain felt by infant during immunization. This research method was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Pakuan Baru Health Center Jambi on 115 respondents consisting of mothers and infant (0-12 months) who received injection-type immunization. Maternal anxiety was measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire and the infant's pain was observed with the FLACC behavioral tool. The results of Spearman's rho analysis obtained a p-value of 0,0001 (p-value&lt;0,05), which means that there is a significant relationship between maternal anxiety and the pain felt by infant during immunization with a strong correlation (r=0,625). We hope that the results of this study become a concern for health workers, to reduce maternal anxiety to decreases infant's pain and in the end can increase immunization coverage which has an impact on improving children's health status.

Learning from educators: Implementation of a positive behavior support program targeting challenging behavior in children with autism

Challenging behaviors (CB) are a frequent co-occurring problem in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and hinder their response to recommended interventions such as early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI). The Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for young children (PTR-YC) program was implemented to meet community-based EIBI educators’ training and support needs in managing CB in their day-to-day work with families. Although this positive behavior support program has a strong empirical basis, its implementation by community-based educators has yet to be assessed from a systematic and structured program evaluation perspective. Using Chen’s (2015) theoretical framework for program evaluation, this study assessed the quality of implementation of PTR-YC as perceived by 17 educators who received training and supervision on applying PTR-YC among families of children with ASD receiving EIBI services. Educators’ post-intervention interviews and questionnaires were analyzed using the logical model for program evaluation to identify obstacles and facilitators to the implementation of PTR-YC.

PkM OF Enhancement Financial Literacy Through Training And Simulation Family Financial Management

Family financial management involves planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and controlling family economic resources to optimally meet needs. Effective management skills are essential, as income levels do not always determine the sufficiency of needs. Families often face uncertain income sources. As the smallest unit supporting national development, the economic strength of families contributes to national growth. Therefore, this service focuses on enhancing family financial management skills through training. The target of this community service program is the residents of Waai Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency. The issues faced include a lack of knowledge about household economics, absence of financial records, and difficulties in calculating income from various sources. As a result, community members tend to incur debt to meet urgent needs and lack savings, leading to all income being spent on daily necessities. This program aims to provide the residents of Waai Village with knowledge and skills in family financial management to improve their welfare. The training materials include concepts and applications of family financial management.

Adapting an Online Guided Self-Help CBT Programme Targeting Disordered Eating for Students in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Qualitative Study.

Disordered eating is a significant issue in university student populations. Currently, access to interventions is limited. Online interventions present an innovative way to increase accessibility to treatment for those in need. The current study explored how an online intervention for disordered eating (everyBody) could be modified to suit the needs of university students in Aotearoa New Zealand. Aotearoa New Zealand is a unique cultural context, with an indigenous population that has a high incidence rate of disordered eating, highlighting the need to adapt everyBody to the local context. Individual interviews were conducted with nine students currently at university in Aotearoa New Zealand, aged between 18 and 33 years old (five females, four males). Three first-order themes were identified using template analysis. The themes indicate that participants perceived the programme as acceptable and feasible for use with Aotearoa New Zealand's university student population. Furthermore, the themes provide insight into potential adaptions to the programme to facilitate engagement and uptake. The suggested changes were largely consistent with previous research on E-therapy design (e.g., content length, therapeutic alliance), and also highlight changes specific to fit Aotearoa New Zealand's cultural context. The findings have implications for universities and other funders deciding on services for students with disordered eating and eating disorders.