Program Options Research Articles

Психотерапевтический потенциал психообразования в реабилитации пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра

<p><strong>Relevance</strong>. Having arisen in routine psychiatric practice to help a patient with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), and then his relatives, in building understanding of the illness and ways of coping with it, psychoeducation not only approved the status of a stand-alone method of therapy, but also proved its effectiveness and expediency of use. Gradually, sдeveral models of psychoeducation emerged: informational, supportive, motivational, and a model of teaching skills to cope with illness. <strong>The aim</strong>. The article contains descriptions of these models, examples of programs and data on their effectiveness. <strong>Results. </strong>Psychoeducation in modern conditions has become a mandatory element of extensive treatment and rehabilitation programs for patients with SSDs; it is combined with other types of psychotherapeutic interventions, equipped with new and unexpected practices, and is actively developing. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The article substantiates the conclusion that improving and developing program options and increasing their accessibility largely determines the effectiveness of mental health services and provides a personalized approach to patients with SSDs.</p>

The Pittsburgh Study: A Tiered Model To Support Parents During Early Childhood

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility of implementing The Pittsburgh Study’s (TPS) Early Childhood Collaborative, a population-level, community-partnered initiative to promote relational health by offering accessible preventive parenting program options for families with young children. Study designTPS partnered with healthcare and community agencies serving families in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, to enroll and screen 878 parents of 1,040 children 4-years-old and under. Participants were assigned to one of four tiered groups based on identified needs: (1) universal, (2) targeted/universal, (3) secondary/tertiary, or (4) tertiary programs. Parents were offered choices in empirically supported parenting programs within group ranging from texting programs to intensive home visiting. Program selection was optional. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the likelihood of selecting a program by group. ResultsAbout 25% of participants were assigned to each tiered group; 78% of parents chose to enroll in a parenting program. In general, parents with higher levels of adversity were more likely to select a parenting program compared with those reporting less adversity, including secondary/tertiary versus targeted/universal groups (81.4% vs. 72.8%), and tertiary versus universal and targeted/universal groups (83% vs. 74.1% and 72.8%, respectively; p < .001). ConclusionOur high program enrollment rate supports the feasibility of TPS. TPS successfully engaged families in the study by offering choices in, and optimizing accessibility to, parenting programs. TPS is highly aligned with recent recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics for tiered approaches as part of a broad public health strategy for supporting early relational health.

Research Priorities in Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The Urgent Need to Increase the Portfolio of Rehabilitation Options for Chronic Lung Disease.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) plays a crucial role in improving outcomes for individuals with chronic respiratory diseases. The most outstanding challenge in PR is the low referral, uptake, and adherence that is dramatically low in the post-hospitalization period in rural, minority, and low-income populations. Research efforts to increase the portfolio of PR through the testing and implementation of new and effective options for home-based and community-based programs are potential research targets. Other potential foci of research efforts are the pursuit of behavior-change techniques to achieve a lifestyle change during PR and the referral process to increase uptake and adherence rates. Creating new rehabilitation options for chronic lung disease that can reach more people may require expanding the definition of PR for chronic lung disease to one more flexible and perhaps concordant with the World Health Organization's definition of rehabilitation as "a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment." While efforts to augment access to conventional PR are warranted, it is time to devote research efforts to reach many more individuals with chronic lung disease, particularly minorities, rural, and low-income individuals that currently have no access to any rehabilitation, a social injustice that requires action. This manuscript outlines suggested future directions in rehabilitation research with the pursuit of evidence to support feasible and effective programs that may increase the rehabilitation portfolio to accommodate most individuals with chronic lung disease.

Experimental and numerical impact of pier arrangement using collars on scour depth

ABSTRACT This paper studied the scour around bridge piers by conducting laboratory experiments and numerical simulation using Sediment Simulation In Intakes with Multiblock option (SSIIM) program. Six pier models were investigated under different flow conditions in sandy soil for two cases: piers with and without a protective plate (collar). The models were arranged as follows: one pier, two piers side by side, two piers tandem, three piers triangular (1 × 2), three piers triangular (2 × 1), and four piers square (2 × 2). It was found that the relative scour depth (d s /y t ) where d s is the local scour depth and y t is water depth, increases as Froude number (F n ) increases for all models. Two Piers tandem model with a collar significantly reduced scour depth around the piers by over 80% compared to unprotected models. The collars effectively reduced the formation of vortices and minimized the detrimental impact on the sediment around the pier. The simulated results using the SIIM program are consistent with the experimental results, with an error of 10%. Scouring depth relationships were also deduced that are useful in bridge piers protection design in similar cases under the same conditions.

Evaluating the efficacy of a cost-effective, fully three-dimensional-printed vertebra model for endoscopic spine surgery training for neurosurgical residents.

A fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3D)-printed model of the L4-5 vertebra for lumbar discectomy was designed. The model included separately printed dura mater, spinal cord, ligamentum flavum, intervertebral disc (from thermoplastic polyurethane), and bony structures (from polylactic acid), and the material cost approximately US$ 1 per model. A simple plumbing endoscope was used for visualization. Dura mater injury was assessed by painting two layers on the dura mater, which peeled off with trauma. Endoscopic spine surgery is a subject of high interest in neurosurgery given its minimally invasive nature; however, it has a steep learning curve. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a cost-efficient 3D-printed model when teaching this technique to neurosurgery residents. Only a few studies have investigated the efficacy of such a model. Eight residents with >2 years of training participated. Residents performed the procedure bilaterally and twice at 1-week intervals. From the 32 surgeries, four were excluded because of facet removal (as it widened the surgical corridor), leaving 28 surgeries for analysis. Initial surgeries demonstrated a mean operation time of 21 minutes 18 seconds (standard deviation [SD], 2 minutes 32 seconds), which improved to a mean of 6 minutes 45 seconds (SD, 37 seconds) in the fourth surgery (F(3, 17)=19.18, p <0.0001), demonstrating a significant reduction in surgical time over successive surgeries. The median area with the paint removed decreased, from 161.80 (85.55-217.83) to 95.13 mm2 (12.62-160.54), (F(2.072, Inf)=2.04, p =0.128); however, this was not significant. Resident feedback indicated high satisfaction with the educational value of the model. The developed fully 3D-printed model provides a viable and scalable option for neurosurgical training programs, enhancing the learning experience while maintaining low costs. This model may be an excellent stepping stone for learning lumbar spine endoscopy, acclimating to the two-dimensional view, progressing to cadaver models, and, eventually, independent surgery.

Dynamical Sphere Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization Programming: An Automatic Programming Algorithm Avoiding Premature Convergence

Symbolic regression plays a crucial role in machine learning and data science by allowing the extraction of meaningful mathematical models directly from data without imposing a specific structure. This level of adaptability is especially beneficial in scientific and engineering fields, where comprehending and articulating the underlying data relationships is just as important as making accurate predictions. Genetic Programming (GP) has been extensively utilized for symbolic regression and has demonstrated remarkable success in diverse domains. However, GP’s heavy reliance on evolutionary mechanisms makes it computationally intensive and challenging to handle. On the other hand, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has demonstrated remarkable performance in numerical optimization with parallelism, simplicity, and rapid convergence. These attributes position PSO as a compelling option for Automatic Programming (AP), which focuses on the automatic generation of programs or mathematical models. Particle Swarm Programming (PSP) has emerged as an alternative to Genetic Programming (GP), with a specific emphasis on harnessing the efficiency of PSO for symbolic regression. However, PSP remains unsolved due to the high-dimensional search spaces and local optimal regions in AP, where traditional PSO can encounter issues such as premature convergence and stagnation. To tackle these challenges, we introduce Dynamical Sphere Regrouping PSO Programming (DSRegPSOP), an innovative PSP implementation that integrates DSRegPSO’s dynamical sphere regrouping and momentum conservation mechanisms. DSRegPSOP is specifically developed to deal with large-scale, high-dimensional search spaces featuring numerous local optima, thus proving effective behavior for symbolic regression tasks. We assess DSRegPSOP by generating 10 mathematical expressions for mapping points from functions with varying complexity, including noise in position and cost evaluation. Moreover, we also evaluate its performance using real-world datasets. Our results show that DSRegPSOP effectively addresses the shortcomings of PSO in PSP by producing mathematical models entirely generated by AP that achieve accuracy similar to other machine learning algorithms optimized for regression tasks involving numerical structures. Additionally, DSRegPSOP combines the benefits of symbolic regression with the efficiency of PSO.

ZigZagFuzz: Interleaved Fuzzing of Program Options and Files

ZigZagFuzz: Interleaved Fuzzing of Program Options and Files

Increasing the Interlayer Fracture Toughness of Polymer Fabric Composites Using Local 3D-Reinforcement (Felting)

Introduction. One of the reasons for undesirable delamination of polymer composites with fabric reinforcement is low transverse shear properties. It is known that the reinforcement of polymer fabric composites in the Z direction reduces the sensitivity to delamination and increases the viscosity of interlayer fracture. Various methods of three-dimensional reinforcement of polymer fabric composites are proposed in the literature. However, they complicate the manufacturing process of the structure. The problem is solved by the method of three-dimensional reinforcement proposed in this article — felting. This is a local reinforcement of the composite in the Z direction with minimal production changes. The degree of Z-reinforcement is determined by the felting density, i.e., the number of needle punches per 1 cm2 of the fabric package. The work is aimed at evaluating the effect of felting on the interlayer crack resistance of a composite material.Materials and Methods. The interlayer fracture toughness GIIc was determined on a cross-woven fiberglass with felting of 10 cm-2. The material was impregnated with Etal-370 resin and Etal-45 hardener. Experiments according to ASTM D7905M–14 and GOST 33685–2015 standards were carried out on an Instron 5900R test machine. The stress state at the crack tip was analyzed with regard to the nonlocal strength theory in the ANSYS Workbench program (option “static strength analysis”). The finite element method (FEM) was used.Results. The “load — displacement” curves were considered for the samples. Values GIIc were calculated. The results of ENF tests for felting density of 0 cm–2 and 10 cm–2 were summarized. Control samples and felting samples were compared. In the latter case, GIIс turned out to be ~33% higher. The stress state at the crack tip was calculated under DCB and ENF loading. The dependences of maximum normal and shear stresses, as well as displacements, were visualized in the form of graphs and color charts. To get the calculated “load — displacement” dependences using FEM, the reverse method of obtaining transverse shear constants was used. DCB loading showed that felting provided increasing the rupture strength in the Z direction to ~18%, by 39 to 46 MPa, and in the planes XZ— to ~16%, by 77 to 89 MPa.Discussion and Conclusion. Felting as a method of local three-dimensional reinforcement enhances the interlayer crack resistance of polymer fabric composites. It provides reducing the area of stratifications after local impacts during the operation of structures. Flexible felting technology makes it possible to create zones with an arbitrary impact density, increasing fracture toughness only in the required places of structures. The FEM analysis of the stress state at the crack tip within the framework of the nonlocal strength theory has shown that in strength calculations, the stratification crack can be considered as a stress concentrator.

Identifying pregnant and postpartum women’s priorities for enhancing nutrition support through social needs programmes in a resource-constrained urban community in South Africa

BackgroundMalnutrition remains a pressing public health concern for mothers and children in South Africa. Despite the government’s multisectoral response, unaddressed social needs prevent some mothers getting full benefit from interventions, spanning financial planning, income stability, housing, access to government services, social support, and provision of affordable, nutritious foods. Engaging with mothers and prioritising their concerns is important if we wish to overcome obstacles to women benefiting from government nutrition interventions. This study aimed to identify the programmes that women perceived as a priority in addressing the social needs of mothers of young infants and pregnant women to enhance nutrition in a resource-constrained urban township in South Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study employed a quantitative preference elicitation survey, administered to 210 mothers and pregnant women from five primary healthcare facilities in Soweto. The survey tool was developed with the community to identify unmet social needs and potential solutions, which were synthesised with findings from the literature. The survey described 15 programmes, grouped into three delivery levels: clinics, community, and government. Participants were required to rank programme options in two stages. First, they selected their top two programmes within each delivery level. Subsequently, they allocated stickers to indicate the strength of their preference among the top programmes across the levels. Rankings were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe highest priority was given to five programmes. Two delivered at the community level: Women’s economic empowerment groups and Job search assistance, two at the clinic level: Social needs assessment and referral, and Prescription-based food, and one at the government level: Free quality childcare. The lowest-ranked programmes were two clinic-based programmes, specifically Maternal nutrition groups and Couple antenatal education.ConclusionWomen expressed strong views about which programmes should be prioritised to support mothers and pregnant women in addressing their social needs and improving nutrition. Key areas included providing support with job searching and entrepreneurship, accessing childcare and the healthy foods recommended at clinics, as well as finding information on available community and government services. Leveraging multisectoral collaboration, aligned policy objectives, efficient public financing, and strengthened implementation capacity will be pivotal in delivering these programmes.

Utilizing a Virtual Reality Matrix in Medical Education.

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that has demonstrated incredible value within medical education. However, medical institutions adopting VR as a learning tool need to ensure that the immersive technology product they pick possesses standard usability criteria. The current literature is limited in defining what specific criteria institutions should look for, or how to select between various VR products. Since there have been little to no algorithms available to the medical education community to aid in this process, a reproducible matrix has been developed to evaluate multiple VR platforms at once which can help identify the best option for medical education programs. The matrix is a 10-point scoring system that includes what the research team considered to be the 10 most important factors when selecting a VR product for medical education. The scores of any two or more VR products can be quantitatively compared. Therefore, the matrix is to be used as a methodological framework to help objectively select the highest-rated immersive technology platform. The research team involved in the development of the matrix consistedof an associate dean for simulation and technology,a director of simulation and technology, and eight medical students.

Building Multiple Pathways to Healing, Safety, and Accountability to Address Intimate Partner Violence

Many responses to intimate partner violence (IPV), especially work to engage those who have caused harm through IPV, have remained relatively unchanged over the past few decades despite the widespread, long-lasting, and devastating impact IPV continues to have on communities. Engaging people who cause harm is a crucial part of supporting survivors, fostering healthy relationships and communities, and ending violence. In response to a need to develop more effective programming, New York City implemented a comprehensive citywide approach to people who cause harm, developing multiple programming options for people who cause harm both within and outside of the criminal legal system. This practice note outlines these programs and proposes several practice implications for the field.

Enhancing water efficiency programming in the City of Calgary

ABSTRACT This article presents the steps undertaken in a two-phase study to enhance the City of Calgary's (the City) water efficiency programming for indoor and outdoor industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) customers and outdoor residential customers. Study objectives included evaluating programs in other urban jurisdictions for suitability to Calgary, and developing short-, medium-, and long-term recommendations for water efficiency programming for the City. Phase I of the study included a literature review of Calgary's water consumption trends and explored over 150 water efficiency programs implemented across jurisdictions in North America, identifying a subset of 33 programs for further evaluation. Phase II evaluated program options through an integrated assessment, including gap, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and cost-benefit analysis. An implementation strategy was developed for seven water efficiency programs, grouped into complementary bundles of indoor and outdoor ICI and residential landscape transformation programs. The study also identified areas for further research, and key supporting elements or ‘success factors’ for water efficiency programming in the City. This article adds value to the discussion on approaches to select suitable indoor and outdoor ICI and outdoor residential water efficiency programs, and aids in informing the City's current and future strategic water planning and programs.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults Who Participate in Group Physical Exercise Program.

The COVID pandemic exposed the vulnerability of older adults in myriad ways and social service organizations faced unprecedented challenges in safely providing support for older adults. Since 2007, Hawai'i Healthy Aging Partnership (HHAP) has offered Enhance®Fitness, an evidence-based program to reduce the risk of falls and promote health among older adults. Due to the pandemic, all the Enhance®Fitness sites had to close and stop offering the program. The HHAP started to provide alternative activities remotely in May 2020. To explore the pandemic's impact, the feasibility of online exercise programs, and the support needed among older adults to stay physically active, HHAP surveyed existing Enhance®Fitness participants and received 291 responses (59% response rate). The study used frequency distributions, comparison of means, and chi-square to analyze the survey data. Findings showed that the shutdown of the group exercise program during the pandemic led to a health status decline, a reduction in physical activities, and a shift from group to individual physical activities among older adult participants. Most respondents tried the remote exercise opportunities during the pandemic and would consider joining the remote programs in the future. However, about one-fourth of the respondents did not participate in remote exercise activities due to the lack of electronic devices, internet access, or interest in remote activity formats. To ensure equitable access to physical exercise programs for older adults in the post-pandemic era, it is critical to address the access challenges and resources needed for providing multiple programming options.

방과 후 지도강사들의 효과적인 악기 교수전략에 대한 인식과 방과 후 음악교육 발전을 위한 제안

Objectives The purposes of this study were to explore effective musical instrument teaching strategies perceived by after-school instructors and propose suggestions for the development of after-school music education. Methods Five after-school instructors were interviewed, and the essence of their perceptions, commonly found in their experiences, was extracted using Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative research analysis method. At all stages of the research, the main concepts of phenomenology, such as reduction and suspension of judgment, intersubjectivity, intentionality, and essential intuition, were explored and described with an open attitude. Results The results indicate that after-school instructors recognize engaging song selection, clear and concise instruction, repetitive learning, individualized teaching, and respecting students' opinions as effective teaching strategies. Additionally, they suggest expanding integrated arts education, introducing intra-school competitions, providing collaborative performance opportunities, regular concert attendance, and finally, offering diverse program options for the advancement of after-school music education. Conclusions In conclusion, implications for after-school music education and suggestions for future research are provided.

Pursuit of a Dual Degree During Residency Training

Background: The increasing complexity of the health care system is requiring physicians to become more expansive and comprehensive in their knowledge. Public health awareness, biostatistics, and fiscal understanding including medical reimbursements are only small facets of the expertise physicians are needing to understand. Residency programs across the country are starting to permit the incorporation of graduate education into residency curricula. Residents in academic training programs are starting to have the opportunity to pursue a dual degree study in addition to their residency training. Despite the recognized need for well-rounded physicians and growing opportunities for master’s degree education concurrent with residency training, there is a lack of research regarding residents’ interest in pursuing concurrent degrees. Additionally, the resources that institutions offer repertoires needed to support residents during such endeavors are lacking. Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate current interest, resource availability, as well as barriers that Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residents may come across when considering a dual degree opportunity during their residency. Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire of 28 items was developed by the researchers using a focus group. The innovative survey was sent to the program directors of all ACGME-accredited OBGYN programs in the US in an electronic format. The survey offered anonymity and easy online accessibility while being available for a total of four weeks (during the month of August 2022). A reminder was sent one week prior to the conclusion of data collection. Results: A total of 298 ACGME-accredited OBGYN programs were contacted with 52 individual responses received. The majority of the respondents identified as white females, with all respondents being under the age of 35. A total of 72% of respondents came from combined academic programs or strictly academic programs with 25% of respondents having initiated or completed additional graduate-level degrees at the time of the survey. Most programs did not mention the opportunity of pursuing a dual degree at the time of residency interviews, and over 50% of programs did not permit their residents to pursue another graduate study during their training. Of those permitting such an endeavor, criteria for pursuing the graduate degree included successfully completing the first year of residency and having a ‘passing’ CREOG score, whereas 40% of respondents were unsure of stipulations by their health systems. Regarding the source of the degree, 90% of respondents stated their residency institution did not have the setup or offer a combined dual degree program option, and &gt;75% of respondents reported a lack of tuition reimbursement for such growth opportunities. Whereas 38% of respondents would consider a dual degree option during residency training if available, 51% of those surveyed are interested in pursuing another degree only after residency, with time and cost being the biggest deterrent to pursuing a degree while in residency. Additionally, the platform utilized for the courses - online versus in-person – was another significant factor that plays a role. Regarding growth opportunities, the majority of respondents are interested in leadership roles and believe that supplementing their credentials, ideally with a Masters in Public Health. Conclusion: The increasing demand for physician knowledge outside of clinical medicine has slowly increased throughout the years. As a response, residency programs are beginning to integrate graduate classes and degrees into the training curriculum. Although a majority of residents appear to be interested in pursuing a graduate degree at some point in their career, their biggest concerns during residency include the time needed to devote to their studies and the cost of earning a graduate degree. It is also apparent through the survey that many programs have not been clear regarding the resources they offer for those who are interested in continuing graduate education during residency training. Recognizing the need for physicians to navigate studies outside of clinical medicine, residency programs need to establish more robust pathways for residents to pursue additional graduate education in fields including business, public health, and social work amongst others. Large-scale research will be needed to further investigate how programs can better support their residents’ interests as they diversify their knowledge base to support their clinical decision-making skills.

Shifts in Religious and Cultural Diversity Support Across ObGyn Residencies with a Focus on Abortion Training: A Two-Year Follow-Up

Introduction: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has recognized cultural competency as part of three out of six core competencies residency programs provide training in. Religion and culture are interwoven, and efforts to increase inclusivity by incorporating religious and culturally competent medical education has become a vital aspect of residency training. Inclusivity in healthcare has enhanced the recruitment of a racially, religiously, and culturally diverse workforce overall, thus enhancing the patient-provider experience through representation. Similarly, diversity among residency candidates has also improved. While current literature highlights the steps taken to ensure various forms of equity, there is little focus on religious or cultural support provided to OB/GYN residents. More recently, access to abortion training may impact which residency programs a candidate chooses to apply to, as ACGME requires such training opportunities to be provided without implications unless precluded by religious restrictions. However, minimal data exists on the training provided, institutional or alternative (outsourced services), and the methodology for abstention from abortion education. As program websites are often the primary source of information for residency applicants, this study aimed to identify shifts in cultural and religious support depicted on OB/GYN residency websites in the past two years while assessing the publicly-listed abortion training variations among such programs. Methods: During April 2022 and April 2023, websites of ACGME-accredited OB/GYN residency programs in the United States were evaluated using a novel 20-attribute collector tool that objectively benchmarks programs from religious/cultural diversity and incorporation of corresponding competency training into resident education. A religiously representative diverse focus group developed our tool. Items assessed included holistic reviews of applications, explicit interest in the recruitment of residents from diverse religious/cultural backgrounds, presence of religious/ethnic indicators depicted on the website, reported support for those with religious obligations, and if cultural/religious or diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) competency were cited. Additionally, the 2023 data collection focused on abortion references with guided support per ACGME-required training while providing an overview of protections and restrictions using the Guttmacher Institute website. Results: A total of 576 websites were analyzed, with 285 websites accessible for review in 2022 and 291 in 2023. Due to the program count discrepancy across both years, percentages were used to compare the data (as a result of an increase in accredited programs and website accessibility). An increase of 2% was noted in referencing holistic reviews and ethnic/religious support. Additionally, a 12% increase in spiritual and cultural-focused research was noted on websites with an additional 8% verbalizing such support. A 9% reduction in overall inclusivity advocacy was listed on websites, while an additional 10% reduction was explicitly noted in cultural competency. A 1% reduction in referencing religious diversity and a 2% reduction in websites referencing time allocations for religious holidays were identified. Furthermore, 12% had fewer stated opt-out options for religious obligations. There was a 7% increase in the discussion of religious or ethnic support, with a 5% increase in the focus on race. However, there was a 5% decline in referencing either concept. Although ACGME specifically suggested having Opt-Out options for programs, 1% had the Opt-In option, 12% stated the Opt-Out, 19% vaguely referenced either, and 68% did not mention abortion abstinence options or support on their website. Only 2% of websites suggested alternative sites for residents’ training due to legislation, whereas 27% referenced fellowship and supplementary post-residency training opportunities. Regarding the concept of abortion, 14% stated support for abortion, 14% mentioned abortion but provided limited details, and 72% did not reference it on the website. Concerning current state-specific legislature, 41% are distinctly protective of abortion rights, 46% are restrictive, with the remaining having both protections and restrictions. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the overall focus on religious and cultural diversity across OB/GYN residencies websites has become slightly accentuated over the past two years. The investment or deference of abortion training has not been adequately referenced to permit making informed decisions by prospective trainees. Having cultural and religious congruency of residents with program offerings may potentiate resident success while training.

Faculty-Student Mentorship Effects on Faith-Learning Integration: A Comparative Study of Residential and Open and Distance Learning Programs in Selected Christian Universities in Kenya

Being the organizing paradigm and the unique hallmark for the life and mission of Christian higher educational institutions, faith-learning integration (FLI) has dominated educational research for several decades, whilst, a limited body of empirical studies that focus on faculty and students’ perspectives on its implementation currently exists. What is more, most researches on FLI are skewed toward students in traditional residential studies programs (RSP). This situation exists against the backdrop of the phenomenal growth of Christian higher educational institutions offering their academic programs via open and distance learning programs (ODLP). Based on these issues, the present study was poised to investigate the extent to which faculty-student mentorship affects FLI in RSP compared to the effects of ODLP in selected Christian universities in Kenya. This comparison was analyzed based on Randall Lehmann Sorenson’s attachment theory with the view to addressing the problem of whether or not the extent of faculty-student mentorship effects on FLI in the two programs were similar. This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. Three Christian universities in Kenya were purposely selected to participate in the study, namely: Africa Nazarene University, (ANU), Daystar University (DU), and Kenya Methodist University (KeMU). The target population was students enrolled in the Bachelor of Education Secondary Option (BEd SO) program and faculty members teaching in the program. A total of 613 residential and 113 ODL students were randomly sampled, whereas, 12 full-time faculty members were purposely selected to participate in the study. Mailed and self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Validation of the instruments was carried out before they were tested using the split-half technique for reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics aided by contingency tables, percentages, and a Chi-square test of independence with the view to responding to two research questions. One null hypothesis was tested using a Chi-square test of independence at 0.05 level of significance with 2 degrees of freedom. The result of this analysis revealed that faculty mentorship effects on students’ learning integration in RSP are significantly different from students’ learning integration in ODLP. Major recommendations included the need for faculty in the selected Christian universities to develop close and dynamic mentoring relationships with students both in RSP and ODLP equally. There was also a need for faculty to creatively adopt effective FLI strategies to have a positive and transformative impact on students’ learning integration in the ODLP.

Planning With a Basic Income

Problem, research strategy, and findings The rapid growth of basic income programs in U.S. cities raises questions about the contributions of no-strings-attached cash payments to common equity planning goals. Drawing on a database of more than 100 basic income trials and interviews with 75 program designers and administrators, we evaluated basic income’s potential uses in planning. First, we analyzed evaluations of completed basic income trials, linking the policy’s effects to common equity planning goals. Second, we identified pathways from basic income trials to permanent policy and program reform. We found that large-scale, public basic income trials are likely to lead to reform in state-level social policy and that private and hybrid programs have multiple pathways for renewal, expansion, and replication. Takeaways for practice Planners can maximize the contributions of basic income programs to equity planning goals by distinguishing among the different capacities and scale-up options for public, private and hybrid programs. Practitioners focused on policy change and securing additional state resources for low-income households should prioritize publicly financed basic income trials and seek to translate basic income demonstrations into state-level policy change. Practitioners focused on “wicked” problems within narrowly defined subcommunities should focus on hybrid and private programs, which expand the capacities of community organizations and secure funding renewal from foundations. Important though these distinctions between programs are, all types of basic income programs contribute directly household resources, stability and capabilities, and all three types have led to either expanded basic income programs or the addition of no-strings-attached cash to other programs.

Lessons from the field: Jail experiences of pregnant incarcerated women in a home visiting program

AbstractObjectiveIn this report, we share results of a qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant incarcerated women (PIW), released women (RW), and home visitors who participated in an Early Head Start Home‐Based Option (EHS‐HBO) program that was delivered in a jail. We discuss the challenges of researching and supporting PIW's experiences and offer lessons learned.BackgroundCarceral environments such as jails present challenges for PIW that can compromise pregnancy outcomes. Research supports the efficacy of targeted interventions, such as EHS‐HBO, for other populations (e.g., people who use substances); however, these interventions have not yet reached incarcerated populations.MethodThrough separate focus groups for PIW (n = 6) and home visitors (n = 5), and semistructured interviews with RW (n = 3), study participants shared their experiences as PIW and the carceral context.ResultsThemes, determined inductively through thematic analysis, included (a) emotional pain from postdelivery separation, (b) struggles accessing help, (c) lack of faith in medical care, and (d) social support in and out of jail.ConclusionResults from this study elucidate recommendations for home visitors visiting PIW in jail and training jail personnel about maternal health.ImplicationsOur study highlights the need to further develop home visiting programs and support for PIW and RW. Opportunities for training of jail and home visiting personnel were identified through the focus groups and interviews conducted. The information shared will help professionals working with PIW learn about remarks, attitudes, challenges, and standards of care impacting PIW and maternal mental health.

Safety and effectiveness of three novel all-oral shortened regimens for rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Kazakhstan.

In 2019, WHO called for operational research on all-oral shortened regimens for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). We report safety and effectiveness of three nine-month all-oral regimens containing bedaquiline (Bdq), linezolid (Lzd), and levofloxacin (Lfx) and reinforced with cycloserine (Cs) and clofazimine (Cfz), delamanid (Dlm) and pyrazinamide (Z), or Dlm and Cfz. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients initiating treatment for pulmonary MDR/RR-TB under operational research conditions at public health facilities in Kazakhstan. Participants were screened monthly for adverse events. Participants with baseline resistance were excluded from the study and treated with a longer regimen. We analyzed clinically relevant adverse events of special interest in all participants and sputum culture conversion and end-of-treatment outcomes among individuals who were not excluded. Of 510 participants, 41% were women, median age was 37 years (interquartile range: 28-49), 18% had a body mass index <18·5 kg/m2, and 51% had cavitary disease. Three hundred and ninety-nine (78%) initiated Bdq-Lzd-Lfx-Cs-Cfz, 83 (16%) started Bdq-Lzd-Lfx-Dlm-Z, and 28 (5%) initiated Bdq-Lzd-Lfx-Dlm-Cfz. Fifty-eight individuals (11%) were excluded from the study, most commonly due to identification of baseline drug resistance (n = 52; 90%). Among the remaining 452 participants, treatment success frequencies were 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89 to 95), 89% (95%CI: 80 to 94), and 100% (95%CI: 86 to 100) for regimens with Cs/Cfz, Dlm/Z, and Dlm/Cfz respectively. Clinically-relevant adverse events of special interest were uncommon. All regimens demonstrated excellent safety and effectiveness, expanding the potential treatment options for patients, providers, and programs.