Fundamental Research Program Research Articles

A Comment on the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation

The article discusses the text of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of Russia approved in early 2024. The author notes that it was prepared in accordance with the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” of June 28, 2014, No. 172-FZ. The Strategy replaces a number of documents that have been adopted earlier. The expert community have different opinions on the preparation quality of concepts, strategies, programs and other strategic documents being approved. The reason lies in the absence of a clear system and hierarchy of strategic planning documents. In the Strategy under discussion, there is a vagueness of the used conceptual framework and some shortcomings in the analytical part of the document. In addition, the authors of the Strategy connect the issues of the development of the science and technology sector in the Russian Federation mainly with external challenges and threats and pay less attention to internal problems caused primarily by the inefficiency of the R&D management system, insufficient financing and a low proportion of private funding. It is shown that no significant changes are expected in the management system of scientific and technological development in Russia in the next decade. We can welcome the establishment of the Science and Technology Council of the Commission for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation under the Russian Government and its machinery and the introduction of the model of “qualified customer”, as well as the use of new tools: long-term fundamental academic research programs and programs of scientific and technological development of Russia. But the discussed Strategy does not pay enough attention to the issues of education and training of research and engineering personnel.

The relationship between robots and labour productivity: Does business scale matter?

Scholarly literature on the economic consequences of robotisation at the microeconomic level often does not take into account the pronounced digital gap between small and medium-sized businesses and large ones. In this regard, theoretical and real estimates may differ for companies of different sizes. The article studies the relationship between robotisation and labour productivity in the Russian industry in the context of size groups of companies. Methodologically, the study relies on the theory of the firm and economic theories explaining the essence of labour productivity and methods for evaluating it. The research analyses the data about 725 Russian industrial enterprises for 2017 using the methods of regression modeling. The data was obtained in the course of the fundamental research programme at the HSE University. According to the results, only small and medium-sized enterprises have a significant and reliable relationship between the introduction of robots and labour productivity. Probably due to the complexity of business processes, large businesses need deeper and more elaborate robotisation to gain labour productivity benefits. The calculations also demonstrate a negative relationship between exports and labour productivity in large companies, which contradicts the ‘classical’ ideas about the impact of export activities on the efficiency indicators. This may indicate that the high labour productivity of a considerable part of large Russian enterprises proceeds from their monopoly position in domestic markets, while formally less productive companies, which do not occupy dominant positions, appear to be competitive and motivated enough to enter foreign markets. The findings can be useful for the leadership of enterprises, especially that of SMEs, for the managerial decision-making in terms of increasing productivity, in particular, through robotisation of production.

Ultrasound Simulation for Training Trainees when the Luxury Becomes Essential: Opinion and Evidence Obtained during the Latvian Research Council Project Implementation.

Simulation as a proxy tool for conditional clinical training became a powerful technique for introducing trainees to the ultrasound imaging world, allowing them to become a trained sonographer taking into consideration different rates of progress in completing a specific task against the time and ensuring the long-lasting maintenance of the obtained practical skills. Adding a costly, but effective high-fidelity simulator to the residency program justified the expense, demonstrating efficiency of training for improving the clinical performance and confidence of trainees. A pilot study in Riga Maternity Hospital within the framework of the study "Role of metabolome, biomarkers and ultrasound parameters in successful labor induction" (Fundamental and Applied Research Programme lzp-2021/1-0300) was performed between March 1st 2022 and 31st April 2022. A virtual-reality simulator (ScanTrainer, MedaphorTM, Cardiff, UK) was used with the teaching module for assessment of the uterine cervix. Five trainees in obstetrics and two young specialists included in the study. None of them had Fetal Medicine Foundation certificate of competence in the assessment of the uterine cervical lenght before. The time used on the simulator, the number of simulations and a mean confidence in cervical length assessment before and after simulation were recorded. The study on assesment of uterine cervical lenght demonstrated statistically significant increase in confidence (p=0.008) and statistically significant decrease in time needed to complete correctly the same tasks for the trainees (p=0.008) that shows a positive learning curve over the time of training on ScanTrainer, Medaphor. The simple task allows to become a certified specialist in uterine cervical assessment in the short period of time. That support the productiveness of the simulation-based education. The training program should be updated taking into consideration simulation curriculum.

Динамика процесса пост/де/секуляризации среди молодежных групп московского мегаполиса

This article analyzes the monitoring indicators of sociological studies of the capital of Russia, characterizing the involvement of young people in religious and secularization processes over the past 15 years. The analysis is based on monitoring data conducted by the Institute for Socio-Political Research and the Institute for Demographic Re-search of the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2008-2021. The problematic situation is related to the fact that the subject of re-search is at the intersection of the interaction of two changing subjects – youth and society, as well as two cultures – secular and confessional. The general framework of the research methodology is defined by the concepts of post/de/secularization. The orientation of the process of post/de/secularization of Moscow youth was determined through a fixed system of indicators, including: the level of traditional religiosity and atheism of youth groups; the level of "unchurched", non-confessional religiosity of youth; dynamics of post/de/secularization of youth groups; involvement of youth age groups in cult activity. It is noted that the materials of sociological data of recent years continue to reveal a trend towards a gradual decrease in the level of traditional religiosity and "church-mindedness" of the young generation of the capital metropo-lis. Cult activity among the capital's youth does not exceed 7-8%, while among the population as a whole it is at the level of 10-11%. At the same time, the share of reli-gious “non-confessional” youth has increased over the past five years. In general, the religious situation in the youth environment, as well as in society, is characterized by blurring of the boundaries between religious and secular consciousness: a decrease in the level and degree of religiosity with an increase in atheistic sentiments. It was de-termined that the most common motives for the manifestation of cult activity are due not to religious, but to ethno-cultural factors. Based on methodological and methodo-logical principles, researchers record the continuation of negative dynamics in the de-velopment of desecularization, stating the restoration of the process of secularization of the youth of the Moscow metropolis. Acknowledgment: The article was prepared within the framework of the Program of Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research "Ethnocultural Diversity of Russian Society and Strengthening the All-Russian Identity" (Order of the President of the Russian Federation No. PR-71 dated 16.01.2020).

FORMATION OF A SINGLE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPACE OF THE UNION STATE: POTENTIAL OF PARTICIPANTS, MECHANISMS, PROSPECTS

The article presents a systematic approach to the assessment of scientific and technological space. The strategic nature of scientific, technical and innovative cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation within the framework of the Union State is revealed and its priority areas are reflected. A comparative analysis of the scientific and technological potential of the two countries was carried out, including at the regional level. As the most important tool for the formation of a single scientific and technological space, joint programs were identified and an assessment was made of their implementation. The role of interaction between the Russian Academy of Sciences nd the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and their focus on the formation of a common program of fundamental research is reflected. The successful experience of interstate regional scientific and technical cooperation is presented. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the formation of a single scientific and technological space of the Union State.

Impact of uterine malformations on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of IVF/ICSI-frozen embryo transfer.

What is the impact of uterine malformations on reproductive and neonatal outcomes of IVF/ICSI-frozen embryo transfer? Unification defective uteri are associated with poorer neonatal outcomes including higher preterm delivery rate and lower birthweight, and septate uteri are associated with worse fertility outcomes including higher miscarriage and lower live birth rates (LBRs). Several studies have investigated the negative effects of uterine malformations on pregnancy outcomes. However, an all-round and definitive conclusion has not been reached yet owing to the relatively low incidence of the disease and the heterogeneity of study populations, especially among women undergoing ART. This was a retrospective cohort study including 411 women with congenital uterine anomalies and 14 936 women with a normal uterus who underwent first frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of IVF/ICSI from July 2008 to August 2019. We compared reproductive outcomes. Reproductive outcomes of women with uterine malformations were studied through three propensity score-matched comparisons (patients with bicorporeal uterus, septate uterus and hemi-uterus [bicorporeal, septate and hemi-uterus groups, respectively] along with corresponding control groups without uterine malformations). We also compared pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, and performed subgroup analysis addressing didelphus, bicornuate uteri and septate uteri before and after surgery independently. Compared to the matched control group, women with a bicorporeal uterus had a significantly lower LBR (24.4% versus 34.8%, odds ratio (OR) 0.61 [95% CI: 0.37, 1.00], P = 0.048). The incidence of miscarriage and preterm delivery was higher but not statistically significant (29.0% versus 18.1%, OR 1.85 [95% CI: 0.82, 4.19], P = 0.135; 22.6% versus 9.9%, OR 2.64 [95% CI: 1.07, 6.52], P = 0.063, respectively). In addition, the bicorporeal group had a significantly lower gestational age, higher caesarean rate and lower birthweight than bicorporeal control. Women with a septate uterus had comparable clinical pregnancy rates to controls (43.3% versus 49.9%, OR 0.77 [95% CI: 0.57, 1.04], P = 0.091), increased miscarriage rates (23.5% versus 13.0%, OR 2.05 [95% CI: 1.18, 3.58], P = 0.010) and lower LBRs (29.4% versus 42.2%, OR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.41, 0.79], P = 0.001). In both singleton and twins pregnancies, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were comparable between women with a septate uterus and control. Women with a hemi-uterus had a tendency for lower clinical pregnancy rate (36.8% versus 42.3%, OR 0.80 [95% CI: 0.52, 1.21], P = 0.287) and LBR (29.8% versus 33.1%, OR 0.86 [95% CI: 0.55, 1.34], P = 0.502), compared to women without malformations. The incidences of miscarriage and preterm delivery, respectively, were 16.7% versus 16.6% (OR 1.01 [95% CI: 0.41, 2.47], P = 0.989), and 9.5% versus 11.4% (OR 0.82 [95% CI: 0.27, 2.51], P = 1) in women with a hemi-uterus as compared to control. This was a single-centre, retrospective study in which neonatal data were extracted from parental questionnaires. The information on uteri septum type and surgery methods was poorly presented, with limited detail. In patients with uterine malformations, the number of babies with birth defects and twin pregnancies was relatively small, limiting the power of the study. Compared to patients with a normal uterus, women with uterine malformation have poorer reproductive outcomes. Pregnant women with a uterine anomaly need to be managed as high-risk pregnancies and followed with appropriate obstetric review. This work was supported by the National Ministry of Technology (2018YFC1003000), the Elite Team Project of Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (JY201801), Shanghai Sailing Program (21YF1423200) and the Fundamental Research Program Funding of Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (JYZZ117). B.W.M. is supported by an NHMRC Investigatorgrant (GNT1176437). B.W.M. reports consultancy (with stock options) for ObsEva. B.W.M. has received research funding from Ferring and Merck. The authors declare no other competing interests. N/A.

Construction of AFLP-based cosegregation groups of tetraploid Plicatula species and identification of markers linked to apomixis

Abstract Most species of Plicatula are important native forages. This work aimed to build framework cosegregation groups of the apomictic tetraploid race of Paspalum guenoarum cv. Rojas and localize the locus controlling apomixis in the species. An interspecific population derived from crossing a completely sexual tetraploid plant of P. plicatulum and an apomictic tetraploid individual of P. guenoarum cv. Rojas was used. Both, disomic and tetrasomic inheritance were detected in both parental genotypes. In P. guenoarum, ten cosegregation groups were built, including 50 markers expanding for 583 cM. The estimated genome coverage was 63.95%. The apomixis locus was located in the linkage group M8, together with seven other loci (four paternal and three biparental markers). The group extended for 59 cM. The four paternal markers showed strong linkage to apomixis, and two of them mapped at 4 and 7 cM at both sides of the locus. Five female linkage groups were constructed with markers segregating from P. plicatulum. One of them (F3) being homologous to the male group carrying apomixis. The linkage groups presented here constitute the first genetic frame for species of Plicatula group. Moreover, molecular markers linked to apomixis in P. guenoarum can assist fundamental research and breeding programs.

Церковь Богородицы Захумской близ Охрида. Ретроспективные тенденции поздневизантийской архитектуры

In this article, a detailed stylistic analysis of the architectural design of the Church of the Holy Mother Zahumska (1361) is supplemented by a contextual analysis using the available data on the ecclesiastical and political history of the Ohrid Archbishopric and of Serbia of the 14th century. On the basis of the results obtained, it is suggested that the Church is an example of a purposeful appeal to the significant Early Palaeologan monuments of Ohrid, belonging to the architectural tradition of Epirus — namely, to the Church of the Virgin Peribleptos. It could be caused by the coincident desire of the donators. An attempt to clarify the role and place of the Zahumska Church in the local and regional architectural tradition of the late 13th–14th centuries leads to the conceptual problem of the essence and specific manifestations of retrospective trends in Late Byzantine architecture. They can be traced in the reproduction of earlier solutions and compilability of Late Byzantine architecture, in imitation of significant monuments by quoting their individual elements, and extremely rarely in close repetition of these patterns. In this row, the Church of Holy Mother Zahumska is an interesting example of the reproduction of an early local monument, interpreted in accordance with current stylistic trends. This study is based on the research supported by the Program of Fundamental Research of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation and of the Russian Academy of Architec- ture and Construction Sciences — 2022, research project 1.1.1.2.

中国东海海岸带地区生态系统健康评估及其尺度依赖性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国东海海岸带地区生态系统健康评估及其尺度依赖性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105201315 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 深圳市稳定支持计划项目（GXWD20201231165807007-20200812142216001） Ecosystem health assessment and its scale dependence in the coastal region of the East China Sea Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (No. GXWD20201231165807007-20200812142216001） 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:维持生态系统健康是实现社会经济可持续发展的关键性工作之一。基于邻域变异度和人为干扰修正后的活力-组织-弹性-服务模型，从5 km至地级市设置8个评估尺度单元，定量化的评估了我国东海海岸地区（包括上海、嘉兴、宁波、温州、台州、宁德、福州、莆田、泉州、厦门和漳州共11个城市）1990-2015年的生态系统健康状况，并分析了其时序变化特征和空间分异规律，探究了生态系统健康的尺度依赖性效应，得到以下结论：（1）研究时段内，研究区生态系统健康水平以2000年为节点先下降后上升，但整体呈下降趋势。自2000年起生态系统健康值分布更加离散，呈现健康的生态系统更加健康，劣化的生态系统不断劣化的分化趋势。（2）生态系统健康在空间分布上具有较高的异质性特征。沿海地区、宁波以北地区的生态系统健康值较低；远离海洋部分的山地丘陵的生态系统健康值较高。小尺度下上海市中心生态健康最差，地级市尺度下嘉兴市生态健康状况最差。（3）生态系统健康评估工作具有一定的空间尺度依赖性。大尺度生态系统健康评估结果趋于平均化，可用于刻画变化趋势的空间分布格局。小尺度评估结果能够更好的解释生态系统健康程度的聚类分异细节。因而，在生态系统健康评估中不存在最佳的研究尺度，多尺度的设置有助于全面解析生态系统健康的时空分异特征。 Abstract:As ecosystems provide multiple supports for human life, maintaining ecosystem health is imperative to achieving sustainable socio-economic development. Although the current ecosystem health assessment method has undergone many improvements and revisions, it still needs to be improved in terms of scientificity. At the same time, it is not clear what the appropriate scale for assessing ecosystem health is. To some extent, these issues have led to barriers between theoretical research and practical planning applications of ecosystem health. In order to explore the above questions, this paper further revised the ecosystem health assessment method. The proven and reasonable vitality-organization-resilient-service model was revised by considering the neighborhood variability and anthropogenic disturbance as factors affecting the evaluation. In order to explore the differences in ecosystem health assessment results at different scales, this paper set up 8 assessment scale units from 5 km to prefecture-level city to quantitatively assess the coastal region of the East China Sea (including Shanghai, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningde, Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Zhangzhou) ecosystem health status from 1990 to 2015. The time-series variation characteristics and spatial divergence patterns of ecosystem health in the study area were analyzed, and the scale-dependent effects of ecosystem health were also explored. The following conclusions were obtained:(1) the level of ecosystem health in the study area declined and then increased at the node of 2000 over the study time but showed an overall decreasing trend. The distribution of ecosystem health values has become more discrete since 2000, meaning that healthy ecosystems have become healthier and poor ecosystems have deteriorated. (2) Ecosystem health was highly heterogeneous in spatial distribution. Ecosystem health values were relatively low in the coastal areas, north of Ningbo, and relatively high in the hilly mountainous areas, away from the ocean. The ecological health of Shanghai city center was the poorest at small scale, and Jiaxing was the poorest at prefecture-level city scale. (3) Ecosystem health assessment work is somewhat spatial scale-dependent. The larger the study scale, the more the distribution of ecosystem health tends to average out, and the easier it is to obtain a spatial pattern distribution of change trends. The results of small-scale assessments can better explain details such as the distribution of high and low clusters of ecosystem health. As a result, there is no optimal scale of study for the assessment of ecosystem health. A multiscale set-up helps to assess ecosystem health in a comprehensive and detailed way. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

LATENT MIGRANTOPHOBIA IN REGIONAL DIMENSION: ON THE MATERIALS OF MARI EL AND MORDOVIA

The article analyzes the features of public perception of foreign labor migration in modern Russia, identified in the course of a sociological survey conducted by the authors of the article in the Republic of Mari El and the Republic of Mordovia. As a phenomenon of a global order, migration processes have their own specifics in different regions of the world. Thus, the migration situation in the countries of Western Europe, characterized by the so-called “crisis of multiculturalism”, has become widely known. The situation is fundamentally different in Russia, where the main source of labor migration is the states that were previously part of the USSR as union republics. In the presence of manifestations of migrant-phobia (latent or open) in most Russian regions, the migration situation for our country still does not have such a critical and acute character. To a large extent, its features can be traced to the example of individual subjects of the Russian Federation. In September - October 2020, the authors of this article conducted a survey of the population in the Republic of Mari El and the Republic of Mordovia. This survey was conducted within the framework of the Program of Fundamental and Applied Research on the topic “Ethnocultural Diversity of Russian Society and Strengthening the All-Russian Identity” (2020-2022). The survey showed that a significant part of the respondents view migrants as a threat to the economic security of the regions under consideration. The most effective management measures to prevent ethnopolitical and interethnic conflicts associated with migration are support for ethnic and cultural associations, interdepartmental and inter-level coordination in the implementation of state national policy, including the prevention of extremism and early warning of conflicts, as well as constant monitoring of the ethnopolitical sphere and interethnic relationships.

Role of toll-like receptors in complications of cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects in children

Background. Cardiac surgery in combination with hypothermia, ischaemia and reperfusion leads to an inflammatory response causing postoperative complications. Toll-like receptors are signalling molecules through which some functions of innate immunity can be activated, and polymorphic variants in the TLR-family genes can be predictors of complications after cardiac surgery.Aim. To study the associations of TLR-family genes with infectious and non-infectious complications of cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects.Methods. The study included 89 children (44 girls and 45 boys) with congenital heart defects who underwent cardiac surgery. Complications occurred in 47 children 47 days after cardiac surgery. There were no complications in 42 children. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes.Results. A two-locus model of gene-gene interaction between TLR1 rs5743551 and TLR2 rs3804099 was the best fit, accounting for 4.01% of phenotypic entropy. The TLR2 gene polymorphic variant rs5743708 had the highest predictive potential (2.59%).Conclusion. The development of postoperative complications of cardiac surgical treatment for congenital heart defects can be due to the synergistic effect of the polymorphic variants rs5743551 in the TLR1 gene and rs3804099 in the TLR2 gene. This effect occurs through the features of TLR1 and TLR2 transcription, the subsequent expression of receptors on cells and signalling which activates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Received 25 February 2021. Revised 11 May 2021. Accepted 12 May 2021.Funding: The work is supported by the complex program of fundamental research of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (No. 0554-2019-0002).Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interests.Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: A.V. Shabaldin, A.V. Ponasenko, A.V. TsepokinaData collection and analysis: A.A. Anikeenko, A.V. Tsepokina, S.A. ShmulevichStatistical analysis: A.V. Shabaldin, A.V. TsepokinaDrafting the article: A.V. Shabaldin, A.V. Tsepokina, A.V. PonasenkoCritical revision of the article: A.V. TsepokinaFinal approval of the version to be published: A.V. Tsepokina, A.A. Anikeenko, S.A. Shmulevich, A.V. Ponasenko, A.V. Shabaldin

Optimistic and Pessimistic Scenarios for Development of Feeder Network of the Arctic Transport System Based on Achievement of Target Indicators

The relevance of the article is determined by the increasing role of the Arctic transport system in the economy of the Russian Federation: involvement of territories of the Arctic zone of the country in economic activities, an increase in their social and economic potential. The development of the northern territories is directly related to existing and future capabilities of the Arctic transport system, for successful functioning of which it is necessary to provide it with feeder transport network.The objective of the work is to determine the scenarios according to which development of these feeder roads can be carried out. When writing the article, the methods of systemic, comparative, and statistical analysis were particularly used.The paper clarifies the definition of the Arctic transport system. It is noted that scenarios for development of feeder routes to it should be linked to its general development, as well as to the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The European and Ural Arctic subregion is highlighted, where development of feeder routes is most important in connection with the growth of economic activity on Yamal Peninsula. With reference to the works of domestic and foreign authors, strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation, it is assumed that according to the degree of achievement of target indicators of traffic volumes along the Northern Sea Route, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for formation of feeder network can be activated. The final implementation of one of those scenarios is determined by political, natural, and other risks.When developing scenarios for formation of transport feeder network to the Arctic transport system, the emergence of new modes of transport should be considered. New modes of transport can provide linking of remote objects to the trunk transport networks or eliminate the gaps emerging in them.The use of new modes of transport in the Russian Arctic should be carried out only after testing at specialized test sites, where their safety for transportation of passengers and goods, as well as for the environment, will be determined.The work was carried out within the framework of the comprehensive program of fundamental scientific research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2018–2020 and is associated with the need to increase the capacity of the main ports of the European and Ural Arctic and the volume of traffic along the Northern Sea Route.

Effects of Prandtl number in two-dimensional turbulent convection* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11961160719, 11702128, 91752201, and 11772362), the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (Grant No. JCYJ20190807160413162), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Sun Yat-sen University under Grant No. 19lgzd15), and the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, China (Grant

We report a numerical study of the Prandtl-number (Pr) effects in two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection. The simulations were conducted in a square box over the Pr range from 0.25 to 100 and over the Rayleigh number (Ra) range from 107 to 1010. We find that both the strength and the stability of the large-scale flow decrease with the increasing of Pr, and the flow pattern becomes plume-dominated at high Pr. The evolution in flow pattern is quantified by the Reynolds number (Re), with the Ra and the Pr scaling exponents varying from 0.54 to 0.67 and –0.87 to –0.93, respectively. It is further found that the non-dimensional heat flux at small Ra diverges strongly for different Pr, but their difference becomes marginal as Ra increases. For the thermal boundary layer, the spatially averaged thicknesses for all the Pr numbers can be described by δθ ∼ Ra −0.30 approximately, but the local values vary a lot for different Pr, which become more uniform with Pr increasing.

Advanced trophectoderm quality increases the risk of a large for gestational age baby in single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles.

Does trophectoderm (TE) quality affect birthweight after single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer? Transfer of single blastocyst with advanced TE quality was associated with higher birthweight and increased risk of a large for gestational age (LGA) baby. Transfer of blastocysts with advanced TE quality results in higher ongoing pregnancy rates and a lower miscarriage risk. However, data on the relationship between TE quality and birthweight are still lacking. This retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-care academic medical center included 1548 singleton babies born from single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer from January 2011 to June 2019. Babies were grouped into four groups according to embryo expansion (Stages 3, 4, 5 and 6), three groups according to inner cell mass (ICM) quality (A, B and C), and three groups according to TE quality (A, B and C). Main outcomes included absolute birthweight, Z-scores adjusted for gestational age and gender, and adverse neonatal outcomes. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of neonatal outcomes with expansion stage, ICM quality and TE quality. As TE quality decreased, birthweight (3468.10 ± 471.52, 3357.69 ± 522.06, and 3288.79 ± 501.90 for A, B and C, respectively, P = 0.002), Z-scores (0.59 ± 1.07, 0.42 ± 1.04, and 0.27 ± 1.06 for A, B and C, respectively, P = 0.002) and incidence of LGA (28.9%, 19.7% and 17.4% for A, B and C, respectively, P = 0.027) decreased correspondingly. After adjusting for confounders, compared with the Grade A group, blastocysts with TE Grade B (standardized coefficients (β): -127.97 g, 95% CI: -234.46 to -21.47, P = 0.019) and blastocysts with TE grade C (β: -200.27 g, 95% CI: -320.69 to -79.86, P = 0.001) resulted in offspring with lower birthweight. Blastocysts with TE grade C brought babies with lower Z-scores than TE Grade A (β: -0.35, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.10, P = 0.005). Also, embryos with TE Grade B (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):0.91, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.99, P = 0.033) and embryos with TE Grade C (aOR : 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.98, P = 0.016) had lower chance of leading to a LGA baby than those with TE Grade A. No association between neonatal outcomes with embryo expansion stage and ICM was observed (all P > 0.05). The retrospective design, lack of controlling for several unknown confounders, and inter-observer variation limited this study. The study extends our knowledge of the down-stream effect of TE quality on newborn birthweight and the risk of LGA. This study was funded by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1003000), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771533 to Y.P.K. and 31200825 to L.S.) and Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai (SSMU-ZLCX20180401), Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1423200) and the Fundamental research program funding of Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong university School of Medicine (JYZZ117). The authors declare no conflict of interest in this present study. N/A.

Comparative study of photoionization of atomic hydrogen by solving the one- and three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equations* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Gant Nos. 12074265, 11804233, and 11575118), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2017YFF0106500), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China (Grant Nos. 2018A0303130311 and 2021A1515010082), and the Shenzhen Fundamental

We develop a numerical scheme for solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), and use it to study the strong-field photoionization of the atomic hydrogen. The photoelectron energy spectra obtained for pulses ranging from XUV to near infrared are compared in detail to the spectra calculated with our well-developed code for accurately solving the three-dimensional (3D) TDSE. For XUV pulses, our discussions cover intensities at which the ionization is in the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes. For pulses of 400 nm or longer wavelengths, we distinguish the multiphoton and tunneling regimes. Similarities and discrepancies between the 1D and 3D calculations in each regime are discussed. The observed discrepancies mainly originate from the differences in the transition matrix elements and the energy level structures created in the 1D and 3D calculations.

Эпирская традиция в поздневизантийской архитектуре Северной Македонии

The article examines the specificity of the assimilation of the architectural tradition of Epirus in the regional centers of North Macedonia — Ohrid and Prilep, as well as in the territories under the Serbian rule, north of the Ohrid–Prilep–Stip borderline. Stylistic and comparative Analysis of the churches of Ohrid and Prilep in the context of the architectural processes of the 13th–early 14th centuries shows that the presence of the Epirote school here is not limited to the reproduction of individual elements, but is guided by the main trends of the Palaeologan period. The lack of pronounced local specificity gives reason to consider the Late Byzantine architecture of North Macedonia in the second half of the 13th — first half of the 14th century as a consistent continuation of the tradition of Epirus outside the Despotate at the stage of the formation of Palaeologan style. This study is based on the research, supported by the Program of Fundamental Research of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences and of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation – 2021, research project 1.1.1.2.

Изучение армянской и грузинской средневековой архитектуры и его значение в сложении «армянского» стиля во второй половине XIX века

The study of the development of cognition of Armenian and Georgian medieval architecture in the 19th century is relevant not only from the point of view of the historiography itself. It has importance for understanding of the intellectual elite and the creative ideas of that time. On the example of a number of Armenian and Russian Orthodox churches of the south of the European part of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century, the research examines the question of the relationship between the noted scientific direction and simultaneous architectural creativity, glorifying the forms of medieval churches of Armenia and Georgia. The genesis of a new architectural style in Russia, which evolved out of the Byzantine style and conditionally called “Armenian”, as well as the interest in the churches of Armenia and Georgia, have been determined by the idea of their belonging to the Byzantine architecture, by the special character of Orientalism in Russia, and the geopolitical realities of the era. Two directions of the “Armenian” style were discovered. In the first one, only general forms were likened to the ancient buildings of Transcaucasia, and they have been combined with mainly Romanesque decor. The second is focused on the reproduction of architectural forms and ornaments from the Monuments of Armenia and Georgia albums by Grigory G. Gagarin and David I. Grimm. This study is based on the research, supported by the Program of Fundamental Research of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences and of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utili- ties of the Russian Federation — 2021, research project 1.1.1.1.

«Самодостаточная» колонна в искусстве Северного Ренессанса: позитивные и негативные коннотации образа

The article examines the giving of a special meaning to a separate column as the issue of iconology of the architectural order. It focuses on the monuments of the Netherlands and Germany of the 16th — first half of the 17th centuries: engravings, elements of facade architectural decor and church interior, etc. E. Forssman’s dissertation “Säule und ornament. Studien zum Problem des Manierismus in der nordischen Säulenbüchern und Vorlagenblättern des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts”, published in Stockholm in 1956, has been taken as the basis for the study. For the first time the scientist drew attention to the specific traits of the reception of architectural order by the masters of the Northern Renaissance, for whom the “meaning-endowing” of the support prevailed over its tectonic functions, analyzing at the same time some cases of using the image of the column within the framework of religious themes. The study considers the cases of “self-sufficiency” of the column noted by the Swedish researcher in more detail, supplements them with examples from the field of engraving and architectural practice of the period under consideration, identifies other precedents of such “meaning-endowing” of the column (including precedents of positive connotations), structures and systematizes the available information, including the appearance of these subjects in Russian art of the 18th century, when the latter begins to show a noticeable interest in Western European models. This study is based on the research, supported by the Program of Fundamental Research of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences and of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation — 2021.

Террасные сооружения в китайской архитектуре и их отражение на картинах художников X–XIII веков

The terraces are a characteristic type of buildings in Chinese architecture, widespread until the end of the Song dynasty, namely until the 13th century. The presence of a terrace under a building or in front of it indicated its high status. The ancient texts of the 5th century BC — 8th century AD convey a lot of evidence of the erection of terraces of grandiose height and complex shapes. From these descriptions, some conclusions can be drawn regarding the structure of terraced buildings. However, it is impossible to judge about the appearance of such buildings, use of construction materials and features of the decoration only by the content of the texts. To this day, not a single structure of this kind has survived in its original form; there is evidence of archaeological excavations, but all these buildings have been badly destroyed, which does not allow the reconstruction of their original appearance. However, some paintings of the Song dynasty show many terraced buildings with a high degree of detail, which is invaluable material for understanding their structure. The analysis of the depictions in the paintings by Chinese artists of the 10th –13th centuries allow us to classify terraced structures, highlight their main types, identify the features of constructions, and study the elements of decoration. This study is based on the research, supported by the Program of Fundamental Research of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences and of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation – 2021, research project 1.1.1.5.

Review of two-phase emission detectors R&D (Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Boris A. Dolgoshein)

This review is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the outstanding experimental physicist Boris Anatolyevich Dolgoshein, in whose laboratory exactly 50 years ago the first two-phase emission detector has been created. Today two-phase emission detectors found the best application in the most sensitive at the moment experiments searching for cold dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Multi-ton active mass WIMP detectors of the upcoming G3 generation shall become sensitive to solar neutrinos interactions, to double-beta decay of isotopes containing in the working media with naturally occurring isotope abundances. The RED-100 detector constructed at NRNU MEPhI will be used for investigation of the reactor neutrino elastic coherent scattering off xenon nuclei at the Kalinin NPP in 2021. ProtoDUNE-DP prototype emission detector (6x6x6 m3 300 tons LAr) is currently being assembled at the CERN Neutrino Platform in support of the DUNE project focused on investigation of high energy neutrino oscillations. Thus the detector technology invented at MEPhI 50 years has demonstrated a great potential to be used in a variety of fundamental research programs.