Programs In Korea Research Articles

Case Studies of Developing Training Programs in Korea for Korean Language Instructors Overseas: With Focus on Training Programs for Korean Language Teachers at US K-12 Schools

Case Studies of Developing Training Programs in Korea for Korean Language Instructors Overseas: With Focus on Training Programs for Korean Language Teachers at US K-12 Schools

Relationship between mental health risk factors and oral symptoms in adolescents: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, 2013.

To investigate the relationship between mental health risk factors and Korean adolescents' oral health. Cross-sectional study was based on the 9th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2013). Data were selected for 66,951 adolescents (33,777 males and 33,174 females; aged 13-18 years) out of 72,435 participants were analysed, after excluding cases with missing values. Oral health (experience of one or more of six oral symptoms), demographic characteristics (seven factors), and mental health risk (five factors). Logistic regression analysis determined the effects of mental health risk factors on subjects' oral symptoms after adjustment for general characteristics. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 1.52 (95%CI 1.50,1.54) for sleep satisfaction self-described as "not sufficient at all" and AOR 2.64 (95%CI 2.59,2.69) for those reporting very high stress levels. The AOR was 1.26 times (95%CI 1.24,1.27) higher for those using the internet on weekends for non-study purposes for ⟩6 hours than those using it for one hour. The AOR for experiencing oral symptoms was 1.44 times (95%CI 1.41,1.47) higher for those who had experienced school violence than for those who had not. Mental health risk factors were associated with oral symptoms. These results should inform the development of school health policies and comprehensive adolescent health promotion programs in Korea.

Ordinal response generalized difference in differences with varying categories: The health effect of a disability program in Korea.

We consider the use of difference in differences (DD) to evaluate the effect of an activity assistance program on the health of severely disabled Koreans. There are, however, 2 problems in the data: the number of response categories for self-assessed health changed over the waves of the repeated cross-section survey and the "parallel untreated response path" assumption for DD is suspect. We show how to overcome these problems by renormalizing parameters and applying "generalized difference in differences (GDD)." We find a significantly positive effect of the program with DD, but not with GDD. Our solutions should prove useful in applications in which one or other of these problems arise.

Awareness of and Attitudes toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Adults in Korea: 9-Year Changes in Nationwide Surveys.

PurposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been included in the National Immunization Program in Korea since 2016. We aimed to evaluate changes in the awareness of and attitudes toward HPV vaccination, among adults in Korea since the first introduction of the vaccines in 2007.Materials and MethodsA nationwide population-based survey was conducted in 2016 for 1,200 nationally representative Korean men and women; the data obtained were compared with the data from the nationwide survey conducted in 2007.ResultsA significant increase in the awareness of HPV infection (35.8%) and vaccination (36.9%) was observed in 2016 from 13.3% and 8.6% in 2007, respectively. Willingness to be vaccinated against HPV decreased from 55.0% in 2007 to 25.8% in 2016, and the proportion of respondents expressing uncertainty increased from 28.3% in 2007 to 43.3% in 2016. Only 12.1% of men and 22.0% of women knew about the free national HPV vaccination program for girls, launched in June 2016. Younger women, with higher income level, awareness of the HPV vaccine, and perception of the seriousness of infections had a higher willingness to be vaccinated. A high education level, awareness of HPV infection and vaccination, and perception of the seriousness of infection were positively associated with the willingness of respondents to vaccinate their daughters.ConclusionRaising the awareness of HPV infection and vaccination with appropriate knowledge is necessary for the successful implementation of the national HPV vaccination program.

Hospital Based Sexual Rehabilitation Program for Persons With Disabilities as Government-Sponsored Program in Korea

Hospital Based Sexual Rehabilitation Program for Persons With Disabilities as Government-Sponsored Program in Korea

Effects of English Programs in the Workplace on Employees' English Learning: A Case Study on In-Company English Programs in Korea

본 연구는 사내 영어 교육이 직장인의 영어 말하기 능력 향상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것으로, 교육을 통해 참가자 의 영어 말하기 능력이 실제로 상승하는지에 대한 여부와 사내 영어 교육에 대한 참가자의 인식을 파악하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 국내 대기업 종사자 68명이 12주 동안 사내 영어 교육 프로그램에 참가하였으며, 참가자 전원 모두 교육 시작 전과 종료 후 두 차례에 걸쳐 사전 사후 말하기 평가 및 설문에 참여하였다. 연구의 주요 결과 및 시사점을 살펴보면, 교육 참가 자의 영어 말하기 능력은 교육 전에 비해 교육 종료 후 대체로 상승하였고, 참가자 대부분이 사내 영어 교육 프로그램에 대해 영어 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 프로그램이라고 긍정적으로 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 최근 기업 내 영어 교육 프로그램이 증가하는데 비해 그에 대한 실증적인 연구가 부족하다는 점을 고려해 볼 때, 본 연구가 갖는 시사점은 크다고 할 수 있다.

An opposing view on including high school students in a latent tuberculosis infection control program in Korea.

The Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (KCDC) has announced a control program against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for a “TB-safe country” this year with the goal of a “TB-free Korea” by 2025. The program includes high school students as one target group; however, some school health teachers and parents have expressed their opposition to this. The 2015 World Health Organization guidelines do not recommend inclusion of asymptomatic high school students in LTBI control programs. Based on this guideline, the KCDC should consider excluding this population from the program.

The economic benefits of big science R&D: With a focus on fusion R&D program in Korea

This paper is focused on the analysis of spillover benefits of the ongoing R&D program on nuclear fusion in Korea. An empirical analysis was conducted on the economic spillover effects of nuclear fusion research and development (R&D) program by investigating cases of actual participating enterprises. The 24 representative enterprises were selected from about 250 enterprises that participated in the KSTAR and ITER projects. The analysis showed that the effect of increasing sales was a total of 1,538,600MKRW in the 24 enterprises that participated in the KSTAR and ITER projects; about 527 human resources have been fostered in industrial enterprises. Additionally, network analysis results show some cases in which the participating enterprises have extended their businesses into international and domestic fields of nuclear fusion and particle accelerators as well as into private markets.

Variance components estimation for farrowing traits of three purebred pigs in Korea.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to estimate breed-specific variance components for total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA) and mortality rate from birth through weaning including stillbirths (MORT) of three main swine breeds in Korea. In addition, the importance of including maternal genetic and service sire effects in estimation models was evaluated.MethodsRecords of farrowing traits from 6,412 Duroc, 18,020 Landrace, and 54,254 Yorkshire sows collected from January 2001 to September 2016 from different farms in Korea were used in the analysis. Animal models and the restricted maximum likelihood method were used to estimate variances in animal genetic, permanent environmental, maternal genetic, service sire and residuals.ResultsThe heritability estimates ranged from 0.072 to 0.102, 0.090 to 0.099, and 0.109 to 0.121 for TNB; 0.087 to 0.110, 0.088 to 0.100, and 0.099 to 0.107 for NBA; and 0.027 to 0.031, 0.050 to 0.053, and 0.073 to 0.081 for MORT in the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds, respectively. The proportion of the total variation due to permanent environmental effects, maternal genetic effects, and service sire effects ranged from 0.042 to 0.088, 0.001 to 0.031, and 0.001 to 0.021, respectively. Spearman rank correlations among models ranged from 0.98 to 0.99, demonstrating that the maternal genetic and service sire effects have small effects on the precision of the breeding value.ConclusionModels that include additive genetic and permanent environmental effects are suitable for farrowing traits in Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire populations in Korea. This breed-specific variance components estimates for litter traits can be utilized for pig improvement programs in Korea.

Leveraging Process Evaluation for Project Development and Sustainability: The Case of the CAMPUS Asia Program in Korea

CAMPUS Asia (Collective Action for Mobility Program of University Students in Asia) is a student-exchange program designed to promote student mobility between South Korea, China, and Japan. Begun in 2011, the program aims to foster the next generation of leaders in Asia by nurturing young talents with shared visions. This article provides an overview of the CAMPUS Asia pilot program and the major findings of its comprehensive process evaluation in Korea using five criteria. The evaluation indicates that the CAMPUS Asia program has evolved into a unique program that promotes dual degrees, creates new learning models, and develops in-depth discussions of substantial collaborations among consortia. The need to develop mechanisms for applying the lessons learned and insights gained through the evaluation is addressed; implications and recommendations for sustainable development of the CAMPUS Asia pilot program are offered, as are the benefits of implementing a process evaluation in one’s own practice.

Difference of stage at cancer diagnosis by socioeconomic status for four target cancers of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea: Results from the Gwangju and Jeonnam cancer registries

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether stage at cancer diagnosis differed according to patient economic status.MethodsA total of 10,528 patients with cancer of the stomach, colorectum, breast, or cervix, which are target organs of the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP; fully implemented in 2005) were extracted from population-based cancer registries. The patients were classified into four groups based on socioeconomic status (SES), as determined using their National Health Insurance (NHI) monthly premium at the time of cancer diagnosis. Cancer stage at diagnosis was defined as early (in situ/local) or late stage (regional/distant) based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) summary stage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of non-local stage using age, residential area, and community deprivation index as covariates.ResultsThe lowest SES subjects showed significantly higher risks of being diagnosed at a later stage for stomach, colorectal, and female breast cancer, but not for cervical cancer, compared with the highest SES subjects. The estimated ORs were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.10–1.49), 1.29 (95% CI, 1.03–1.61), and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.02–1.81) in the lowest SES subjects with stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, later stage diagnoses of stomach, colon, and female breast cancer are still associated with SES in Korea in the era of the NCSP for the lower SES population.

A Comparative Study on School-based Mental Health Program in Korea and Australia

본 연구는 휴먼서비스통합의 관점에서 아동·청소년 정신건강서비스 통합 전략과 주요속성을 중심으로 한국과 호주의 학교기반 정신건강서비스 모형을 비교분석하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교연계 전략을 추구하는 한국의 Wee프로그램은 좁은 소유권과 과제 포트폴리오, 단순한 참여자 구조, 낮은 자율성, 낮은 수준의 응집성으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교중심 전략으로 대표되는 호주의 MindMatters프로그램은 넓은 소유권과 좁은 과제 포트폴리오, 복잡한 참여자 구조, 높은 자율성, 그리고 중간 수준의 응집성을 가진다. 두 국가의 이러한 차이는 해당 국가가 추구하는 아동·청소년 정신건강정책의 방향성과 우선순위를 보여준다. 이러한 사례 비교분석 결과는 우리나라의 아동·청소년 정신건강서비스 전달체계 개선에 있어 다음과 같은 측면에서 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 호주의 정신건강서비스개혁은 지역사회중심의 정신건강서비스체계 구축과 생애주기에 따른 예방적 개입을 위한 포괄적 지원이라는 측면에서 긍정적으로 평가 될 수 있다. 특히, 지역사회중심의 정신건강서비스 체계 구축을 강조하고 있는 한국의 현 시점에서 호주의 정신건강정책과 서비스전달체계는 적절한 정책정보를 제공해줄 수 있다. 둘째, 프로그램의 측면에서, 호주의 MindMatters프로그램은 실제로 호주 청소년자살율과 자살생각 감소에 긍정적인 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 평가되고 있다. 한국 역시 Wee센터를 중심으로 아동청소년 정신건강에 대한 예방적 접근이 시도되고 있어 현재 `위기 아동 상담`에 집중된 센터의 기능 확장과 나아가 휴먼서비스의 관점으로의 변화, 나아가 지역사회중심정신건강 통합서비스로의 변화 가능성을 시사한다. 이러한 과정에서 MindMatters의 교육적접근은 유용한 준거자료로 활용 될 수 있다.

The association between dietary cholesterol intake and subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean adults: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

The Scientific Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (2015) concluded that restriction of dietary cholesterol is unnecessary in most adults for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the risk for subclinical atherosclerosis according to coronary artery calcium score (CACS), based on dietary cholesterol intake in apparently healthy Korean adults. This was a cross-sectional study performed in 30,068 participants (mean age 40.8years; 84.5% men) in a health screening program in Korea. The data were collected from 2001 to 2013 and analyzed in 2015. Total energy intake and dietary cholesterol intake were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. The participants were stratified according to quartile of dietary cholesterol intake. CACS was measured by multi-detector computed tomography. Lipid profiles were measured, and the participants were divided into 6 groups according to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level: <70, 70 to 99, 100 to 129, 130 to 159, 160 to 189, and ≥190mg/dL. The presence of coronary artery calcification was defined as CACS>0. Dietary cholesterol intake did not correlate with mean value of serum LDL-C level. For both genders, the odds ratio for coronary artery calcification was not significantly greater with greater amounts of dietary cholesterol (as assessed by quartile). The risk for coronary artery calcification was not higher in subjects with LDL-C 70-129mg/dL compared with those with LDL-C<70mg/dL; however, the risk was significantly greater in subjects with LDL-C≥130mg/dL compared with those with LDL-C<70mg/dL. Dietary cholesterol intake did not have an association with LDL-C level or with risk for coronary artery calcification in apparently healthy Korean adults. The results have to be translated with consideration of limitation of population-based studies.

The Issues of Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Korea

The Issues of Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Korea

Knowing is Not Half the Battle: Impacts of the National Health Screening Program in Korea

Health screening provides information on disease risk and diagnosis, but whether this promotes health is unclear. We estimate the impacts of the National Health Screening Program in Korea for diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. In this setting, information on disease risk and prompting for a secondary examination vary at different biomarker thresholds. We find evidence for increased diabetes medication and weight loss around the high risk threshold for diabetes, where information is combined with prompting for a secondary examination and subsequent medical treatment. However, we find no differences around other thresholds, where information is not combined with further intervention.

Effect of Cognitive Improvement Programs for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to identify the effect of cognitive improvement programs for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korea. Methods: Five databases, as well as relevant reference lists, of studies published from 2000 to 2016, were searched. Fourteen studies were identified. Quality assessments of included studies were conducted using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklist. An R program was used to analyze effect sizes and to identify possible sources of heterogeneity among studies. The potential for publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, Egger"s regression test and sensitivity analysis. Results: The total effect size was large (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]=1.44, 95% CI: 1.11~1.77), with cognition based intervention (SMD= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.26~2.29) and exercise intervention (SMD=1.13, 95% CI: 0.82~1.44). Statistically significant moderators were identified intervention type by meta-ANOVA analyses. Finally, no significant evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusion: There is clear evidence that cognitive improvement programs can greatly enhance cognition in elderly with MCI. Future research should examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions targeting elderly populations with mild-to-severe cognitive impairment in order to develop and enhance the effectiveness of cognitive improvement programs in Korea.

New Proposal of Private Insurance Program for Dementia Patients: Design of Sustainable Private Insurance Program in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to examine interventions and supporting systems by dementia stage, take a look at dementia insurance policies in Korea and the United States, and present Korean private insurance programs for dementia patients. According to the study, our suggestions of a design of private insurance products for Korean dementia patients are as follows. First, the products should support people aged 80 and older. Second, new products should include the mild stage dementia in the insurance coverage. Third, non-pharmacological treatments, such as the cognitive stimulation, the cognitive training, and exercises need to be covered through the new private insurance. Fourth, the private insurance should be contained home health care services in its coverage. These suggestions can reduce the dependence of the public insurance, help people choose appropriate treatments for themselves, and give people a good opportunity to improve the effect of dementia treatment and to increase the satisfaction of patients and their families.

Two Clinical Cases of Anti-Dibwith Di(a+b-) Phenotypes: Practical Need for Rare Blood Donor Registry Program in Korea

Two Clinical Cases of Anti-Di^bwith Di(a+b-) Phenotypes: Practical Need for Rare Blood Donor Registry Program in Korea

A Study on Radio Cooking Program in Korea during the Japanese Colonial Period

A Study on Radio Cooking Program in Korea during the Japanese Colonial Period

Comparison of sweetness preference and motivational factors between Korean and Japanese children

Purpose: This study was performed to examine motivational factors affecting sweetness preference in Korean and Japanese children. We identified meaningful variables that could be targeted to nutrition education interventions designed to overcome innate barriers and reduce sweetness preference and sweet food intake in Korean and Japanese children. Methods: Questionnaire surveys and sweetness preference test were conducted to examine variables affecting behavioral intention (BI) regarding sweetness preference. Questionnaire variables were based on the theory of planned behavior. Participants were recruited from one urban school from each country. In total, 166 children (mean age: 8.4 years) and their guardians (n = 166) participated in the study. A trained research assistant provided all children with personal guidance regarding completion of the sweetness preference test and survey questionnaire at school. The data were analyzed using Pearsons correlation coefficients, t tests, repeated measure ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis (significance level: p < 0.05). Results: Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and parenting practice were significantly associated with BI in both groups. Motivation to comply affected BI only in Japanese children, whereas affective attitude was associated with BI only in Korean children. In predicting sweetness preference, BI was associated only in Japanese children, whereas sweets consumption frequency had a significant effect in Korean children. Conclusion: The study shows similarities and differences in motivational factors, which could be considered when developing nutrition education programs in Korea and Japan. PBC and parenting practice were common factors in predicting BI. In predicting sweetness preference, BI had a significant effect on Japanese children, whereas sweets consumption frequency was the greatest contributor in Korean children.