Level Of Program Implementation Research Articles

Process Evaluation of Community-Based Nutrition Service for Under 2 Years Children in Degadamot District Using Qualitative Approach, Western Ethiopia, 2023.

Malnutrition accounts for 45% of under-5 child morbidities in Ethiopia and is a more common issue in rural communities. In that regard, Ethiopia has implemented a CBN program at the community level to improve the nutrition status of children. Despite this, malnutrition still causes a significant rate of child morbidity and mortality. The implementation status of the CBN program is unknown. Thus, this evaluation aimed to evaluate the children under 2 years in Degadamot district health posts in northwest Ethiopia. A facility-based single-case study design with qualitative-method evaluation was employed from March 28 to April 28, 2023. The evaluation focused on the availability and compliance with multiple data sources. The qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed using thematic analysis with OPEN CODE version 4.02 software. Finally, the overall program implementation was determined based on predetermined judgmental criteria. According to the predetermined judgment parameter, the overall CBN program implementation level was 62.68%, measured by the availability of resources (71.36%) and compliance of service providers (54.0%). The overall community-based nutrition program implementation in the Degadamot district health post with 2 evaluation dimensions was judged as fair based on the presetting criteria. It is better to improve the service through training HEW and HDA, distributing nutritional supplies, providing regular support, and following up with HEWs for GMP performance in the Degadamot district.

Implementing Machinery Distribution Program on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development: Basis for Action Plan

This study utilized a descriptive correlation research design to assess the level of implementation of the Machinery Distribution Program by the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office I (DA RFO I) in La Union. It also investigated the challenges encountered during the program's implementation. The respondents included LGU municipal agriculturists, banner program coordinators, and the Chairman/President of the Farmer Cooperative Association, with a total of 60 participants. Data were collected using a researcher-made survey questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, and Pearson correlation. The analysis indicated that most beneficiary associations are well-established, operating for over a decade with more than 100 members, typically in lowland areas, and properly registered with government agencies. The program was found to be fully implemented. However, there was no significant relationship between the profile variables and the program's implementation level. Several challenges were identified, including limited farm sizes, inappropriate or missing equipment, uneven allocation favoring certain associations, inaccessible roads for machinery delivery, and a mismatch between provided machines and the layout of farmlands. The study concluded that while the program was fully implemented, addressing these challenges could improve farming conditions for the farmers and associations. An Action Plan was recommended to address the identified problems in the Machinery Distribution Program's implementation.

Implementation of Overdose Prevention in Maryland: Implications for Resource Allocation, Program Scale-Up, and Evaluation.

Overdose mortality in the United States continues to climb, with Maryland being one of the hardest hit states. We summarized implementation of overdose prevention and response programs in Maryland and identified associations between opioid overdose deaths by jurisdiction in 2019 and implementation of overdose programs by 2021. Data on program implementation are from Maryland's Opioid Operational Command Center (OOCC) Program Inventory. OOCC coordinates the state's response to overdose, and their Program Inventory tracks implementation of 145 programs across 12 domains (e.g., public health, education, and judiciary), including 10 programs designed to broaden naloxone access. The level of program implementation was dichotomized as substantial implementation versus other levels (i.e., partial, planned, and none). We estimated associations between per capita opioid overdose deaths and substantial implementation of: all 145 programs in the Inventory, programs within each of 12 domains, and 10 naloxone programs. Data on program implementation and overdose mortality are summarized at the jurisdiction level. Across jurisdictions, the median proportion of programs with substantial implementation was 51% across all programs and 70% among naloxone programs. Overdose mortality was associated with subsequent substantial implementation of programs within the public health domain (p = .04), but not in the other 11 domains. We did not find evidence that per capita overdose deaths in 2019 spurred overdose program implementation by 2021, with the exception of public health programs. The OOCC Program Inventory is a novel way to track implementation across jurisdictions. Findings can inform the implementation and evaluation of overdose programs in other jurisdictions across the United States.

The Importance of Implementation Fidelity for Teacher-Related Changes Within the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

Although teachers are key figures of a program’s effectiveness, most intervention studies to date have not explored how anti-bullying programs are associated with changes at teacher level. Moreover, teacher data also informs about aspects of program implementation, which are essential in program evaluations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the perspectives of teachers working with the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). A scientific evaluation of the OBPP was carried out in 21 German schools. In addition to annual student surveys, regular teacher surveys were conducted. Ordered logistic regressions and linear regressions were used to estimate the variables. As we expected a dosage-response effect, we divided the schools by level of implementation (non-completer, completer, and certified Olweus schools). At baseline, 615 teachers took part in the assessment (68.26%), and 388 teachers at postline 2 years later (47.32%). A positive change in teachers’ intention to intervene in bullying could be found across all schools (p < .001), which was only significant for completer (p < .001) and certified schools (p = .004) when differentiated by implementation level. Teachers’ level of job strain did not change at all (non-significant model fit), while an improvement in school climate only emerged for certified schools (p = .003). The moderating effect of the implementation level turned out to be independent of different school characteristics. The self-reported changes at the teacher level depended on the level of program implementation. Therefore, it is essential to record data about the intensity of program activities when evaluating a program.Trial registration number: DRKS00008202 (date of registration: 08/04/2015).

From Paper Files to Web-Based Application for Data-Driven Monitoring of HIV Programs: Nigeria's Journey to a National Data Repository for Decision-Making and Patient Care.

Timely and reliable data are crucial for clinical, epidemiologic, and program management decision making. Electronic health information systems provide platforms for managing large longitudinal patient records. Nigeria implemented the National Data Repository (NDR) to create a central data warehouse of all people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) while providing useful functionalities to aid decision making at different levels of program implementation. We describe the Nigeria NDR and its development process, including its use for surveillance, research, and national HIV program monitoring toward achieving HIV epidemic control. Stakeholder engagement meetings were held in 2013 to gather information on data elements and vocabulary standards for reporting patient-level information, technical infrastructure, human capacity requirements, and information flow. Findings from these meetings guided the development of the NDR. An implementation guide provided common terminologies and data reporting structures for data exchange between the NDR and the electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Data from the EMR were encoded in extensible markup language and sent to the NDR over secure hypertext transfer protocol after going through a series of validation processes. By June 30, 2021, the NDR had up-to-date records of 1,477,064 (94.4%) patients receiving HIV treatment across 1,985 health facilities, of which 1,266,512 (85.7%) patient records had fingerprint template data to support unique patient identification and record linkage to prevent registration of the same patient under different identities. Data from the NDR was used to support HIV program monitoring, case-based surveillance and production of products like the monthly lists of patients who have treatment interruptions and dashboards for monitoring HIV test and start. The NDR enabled the availability of reliable and timely data for surveillance, research, and HIV program monitoring to guide program improvements to accelerate progress toward epidemic control.

Assessment of the Implementation of the Religious Character Strengthening Programe

The purpose of this research is to assess the implementation of the strengthening of religious character education (PPK) at SMK Negeri 7 Bengkulu Utara. This research is an evaluative research with a descriptive approach. The population involved in the implementation of KDP are: principals, teachers and students. The research sample consisted of the principal, vice principal for curriculum affairs, five representatives of the teacher council and 92 students. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis of percentages. The results of this study indicate that: the implementation of strengthening religious character education in SMK Negeri 7 Bengkulu Utara in general has good criteria with the level of program implementation reaching 73.21%.

Transformation of forest governance: policy concepts and actor changes in social forestry program implementation in Indonesia

In Indonesia, particularly in Java, forest governance has been taking place since the State Forest Corporation (SFC) came to power. The emergence of the Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permit (IPHPS) and Strengthening and Protection-Forestry Partnership (Kulin-KK) programs in the SFC area marked the start of an essential phase of social forestry (SF), in which forest access and management were transferred to community groups. The 2017 regulatory policy regarding SF programs in the SFC region significantly impacts governance and actor relations in Java. This study examines the transformation that is taking place using the concept of policy arrangement and analysis of changes in actors at the program implementation level. We find that policy coalitions are formed by government actors and civil society groups using forest and socioeconomic condition-based discourse. The rules of the game that are formed cannot be divorced from the interests of the actors who desire change. The findings at IPHPS indicate that SFC actors have less impact than they do in the Kulin-KK program, where they remain powerful because this program is regarded as a continuation of the PHBM concept that SFC introduced. Community group facilitators are influential actors in a network of community groups in Java that are mainly involved in promoting social forestry programs. This study proposes expanding community participation in the program so that previously powerful actors' interests do not exploit it.

Avaliação do Programa de Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável na Atenção Primária: pesquisa de métodos mistos

Abstract This article aims to analyze the implementation of an Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Health Care in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Mixed Methods Research with Data Concomitant Embedded Strategy. Evaluative research from the perspective of the implementation analysis was employed in the quantitative approach. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using content analysis in the qualitative approach. Qualitative and quantitative data were incorporated for analysis from their imbrication. The Program Implementation Level (IL) was 92.5%, representing an adequate implementation. The methodology of the actions proposed in the program and the implementation of Continuing Education were convergent strengths that emerged from data imbrication. The need for more human resources for planning and implementing the program and the lack of a kitchen for cooking workshops were identified as challenges. The Program’s implementation was adequate and can be extended to other Brazilian municipalities to help professionals structure interventions to promote adequate and healthy food in the Primary Care work routine.

Evaluating the Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Care: a mixed methods research.

This article aims to analyze the implementation of an Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Health Care in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Mixed Methods Research with Data Concomitant Embedded Strategy. Evaluative research from the perspective of the implementation analysis was employed in the quantitative approach. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using content analysis in the qualitative approach. Qualitative and quantitative data were incorporated for analysis from their imbrication. The Program Implementation Level (IL) was 92.5%, representing an adequate implementation. The methodology of the actions proposed in the program and the implementation of Continuing Education were convergent strengths that emerged from data imbrication. The need for more human resources for planning and implementing the program and the lack of a kitchen for cooking workshops were identified as challenges. The Program's implementation was adequate and can be extended to other Brazilian municipalities to help professionals structure interventions to promote adequate and healthy food in the Primary Care work routine.

Return to Work for People with Common Mental Disorders: Insights into the Implementation of a Collaborative Program in a Specialized Mental Health Hospital.

Purpose Common mental disorders (CMDs) are a major cause of sick leave. Return-to-work (RTW) interventions providing mechanisms that support the participation and collaboration of the different stakeholders appear promising in these circumstances. The Therapeutic Return-to-Work (TRW) Program offers such mechanisms designed to enable affected workers to fully reintegrate into their jobs on a sustainable basis. This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing this program for workers with CMDs, within a specialized mental health hospital. Methods The study was conducted using a multiple case design and three main data sources: (1) the worker's medical file, (2) the log completed by the clinicians, and (3) individual interviews with stakeholders. Data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. Results Twelve workers between 32 and 60years old, mostly women with complex mental health profiles working in large enterprises, participated in this study. Three main observations were made regarding the TRW Program implementation: (1) eight cases were characterized by complete or virtually complete implementation; (2) no explanatory factor could be identified for the different implementation levels; (3) eight cases achieved RTW success (RTW to the original job or another job), which appears partially attributable to the high level of program implementation. Conclusions: The TRW Program seems highly promising for supporting the return to work of workers with CMDs. However, studies identifying the factors likely to influence the implementation process in different health service contexts and specifying the scope and nature of the program's actual impact on RTW outcomes should be conducted before larger-scale implementation takes place.

Process Evaluation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Service at Gondar City Administration Governmental Health Facilities, Northwest Ethiopia: A Mixed Approach Case Study Evaluation Design.

IntroductionMother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT), or vertical transmission of HIV, is one mode of HIV transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery and after childbirth. The continuation of new pediatric HIV infection due to the improper prevention of MTCT is a challenge in developing countries; however, the program is not evaluated yet in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the process of PMTCT service implementation status.ObjectiveThis evaluation study evaluated the implementation of process levels and identified problems of PMTCT service at Gondar city administration governmental health facilities.MethodsA case study evaluation design with a mixed method was conducted from March to May 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and document review, observation, and key informant interviews. Collected data were entered using EPI data version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.ResultsThe study found that, generally, the PMTCT program implementation was complying with the Ethiopian national guidelines by 78.32%. All facilities had most of the minimum required resources recommended by the guidelines by 75%. The services required to be provided by the facilities were highly accommodated by 90.18%, acceptable by 77.2%, with 78% compliance. Trained human resources and continuous supply of material are the main gaps.ConclusionThe overall level of program implementation was judged to be good. However, there is a need for improvements such as ensuring the privacy of counselling rooms, availability of human, test kits, guidelines, beds, waiting areas, drugs, and refresher training for provider. Also, counsellors should record properly the services provided to clients in their cards, such as counselling sessions.

Professional and Public Accreditation as An Assessment of Agricultural Educational Program Quality in Russia

The aim of the study is to substantiate methodological approaches to the agricultural educational program development on the basis of a modular-competence-based approach, which provides training for the experts of the agricultural industry, capable of implementing a federal scientific and technical program in the future for the development of agriculture in Russia, taking into account the requirements of professional standards. Professional and public accreditation of agricultural educational programs will allow for an external examination of the educational program implementation level and quality in accordance with approved professional standards and develop recommendations aimed at student training level improvement. The study defines the role of professional and public accreditation provision in the interaction between the labor market and the vocational education system. The authors substantiated the modular-competence-based approach to the development of educational programs that contributes to human capital quality improvement in agriculture. In this paper, an algorithm has been developed to expert training quality improvement.In general, the result of the work will contribute to the training of personnel for the industry and will ensure the achievement of a balance of qualifications between the labor market and agricultural education.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Accreditation, Agriculture, Education quality, Educational programs, Professional qualifications.

Accelerated Reader and Information Policy, Information Literacy, and Knowledge Management: U.S. and International Implications

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the relationship between the Accelerated Reader (AR), a computerized reading management program, and information policy, information literacy, and knowledge management are drawn from data collected in the U.S., Scotland, and England. A study of 632 of the poorest U.S. schools shows a strong relationship between national information policy regarding achievement in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and local decisions to use AR, expectations for literacy, and library collection development. Investigation in the U.K. schools finds that (a) motivational style interacts with gender in relation to the competitive and social aspects of the AR program, (b) the level of program implementation does not correlate with breadth of reading, and (c) management aspects of the program are not utilized effectively. Results suggest that how the AR program relates to information policy, information literacy, and knowledge management has importance for school librarians and libraries

Supply variabilities in public workfares

This paper presents a model of the labor market where public workfares increase private wages by reducing labor supply. In a dynamic setting, we show that when wages are downwardly rigid, forward-looking employers optimally compress wage increases in response to intertemporal variability in the level of program implementation. The model generates two key predictions: greater variability in program provision results in a larger compression of wage increases, and compression of wage increases is more severe under low inflation. We empirically verify these predictions using data from two large workfares from India.

Factors affecting the implementation of evidence-based Progressive Tinnitus Management in Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers

Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) is an evidence-based interdisciplinary stepped-care approach to improving quality of life for patients with tinnitus. PTM was endorsed by Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Audiology leadership in 2009. Factors affecting implementation of PTM are unknown. We conducted a study to: 1) estimate levels of PTM program implementation in VA Audiology and Mental Health clinics across the country; and 2) identify barriers and facilitators to PTM implementation based on the experiences of VA audiologists and mental health providers. We conducted an anonymous, web-based survey targeting Audiology and Mental Health leaders at 144 major VA facilities. Quantitative analyses summarized respondents' facility characteristics and levels of program implementation (full PTM, partial PTM, or no PTM). Qualitative analyses identified themes in factors influencing the implementation of PTM across VA sites. Surveys from 87 audiologists and 66 mental health clinicians revealed that few facilities offered full PTM; the majority offered partial or no PTM. Inductive analysis of the open-ended survey responses identified seven factors influencing implementation of PTM: 1) available resources, 2) service collaboration, 3) prioritization, 4) Veterans' preferences and needs, 5) clinician training, 6) awareness of (evidence-based) options, and 7) perceptions of scope of practice. Results suggest wide variation in services provided, a need for greater engagement of mental health providers in tinnitus care, and an interest among both audiologists and mental health providers in receiving tinnitus-related training. Future research should address barriers to PTM implementation, including methods to: 1) improve understanding among mental health providers of their potential role in tinnitus management; 2) enhance coordination of tinnitus-related care between health care disciplines; and 3) collect empirical data on Veterans' need for and interest in PTM, including delivery by telehealth modalities.

Changes in Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent Use Under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program.

Risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) programs are intended to improve safe use of US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. However, controversy exists over whether they consistently accomplish this goal. We aimedto assess how initiation of the erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa changed following implementation and enforcement (following a 1-year post-implementation grace period) of a prominent REMS program warning physicians against use in cancer patients with hemoglobin above 10g/dL. Using claims data from a large US commercial insurance company, we conducted interrupted time-series analyses of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa initiation among adult cancer patients in the 12 months before REMS program implementation, after REMS program implementation, and after REMS program enforcement. We also evaluated differences in inappropriate initiation (hemoglobin tests all above 10g/dL in the prior month) between the periods. In total, we identified 3456 darbepoetin alfa initiators and 2632 epoetin alfa initiators. Over the study period, the monthly number of initiators per 100,000 patients with cancer fell from 119 to 32 for darbepoetin alfa and from 82 to 34 for epoetin alfa. However, non-significant post-REMS program implementation level and slope changes per 100,000 adult patients with cancer were observed for darbepoetin alfa (level0.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) -14.98 to 15.05]; slope 1.94 [95% CI -0.22 to 4.10]) and epoetin alfa (level -4.10 [95% CI -16.85 to 8.65]; slope -0.52 [95% CI -2.35 to 1.32]). Non-significant post-REMS program enforcement level and slope changes were also seen for both drugs (darbepoetin alfa level 1.58 [95% CI -0.58 to 3.74,slope -0.28 [95% CI -15.29 to 14.73]; epoetin alfa level 1.58 (95% CI -0.26 to 3.42],slope 5.74 [95% CI -7.01 to 18.49]). Finally, non-significant changes in inappropriate darbepoetin alfa (60% vs. 53% vs. 57%, p = 0.68) and epoetin alfa (53% vs. 53% vs. 46%, p = 0.41) initiation were observed between the three study periods. REMS program implementation and enforcement were not associated with significant changes in ESA initiation, adding to concerns over the degree to which certain REMS programs enhance patient safety.

Minimizing Health-Compromising Behaviors via School-Based Programs: An Optimization Approach.

School health programs are united by their desire to promote health and health-related outcomes among youth. They are also united by the fact that their expected effects are contingent on successful program implementation, which is often impeded by a multitude of real-world barriers. Techniques used in management science may help optimize school-based programs by accounting for implementation barriers. In this exploratory study, we present a detailed example of the first known application of linear programming (LP), which is an optimization technique, to Positive Action (PA). PA is a social emotional and character development program that includes a six-unit, teacher-delivered, classroom curriculum. We specify how we used LP to calculate the optimal levels of program implementation needed to minimize substance use, subject to known levels of implementation barriers (e.g., disruptive behavior, teacher education, teacher attitudes towards character development, school resources, and school safety). We found that LP is a technique that can be applied to data from a school health program. Specifically, we were able to develop a model that calculated the number of lessons that should be taught to minimize a specific health-compromising behavior, given expected levels of predetermined implementation barriers. Our findings from this exploratory study support the utility of applying LP during the program planning and implementation processes of school health programs.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) PT BUKIT ASAM UNIT PELABUHAN TARAHAN, KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is a vital element for company in order to manage good relationship with local people and surroundings. CSR were made to maintain the balance between corporate interests and the welfare of surrounding community. Hence, this study aims to find out the level of CSR Program implementation at PT Bukit Asam Unit Pelabuhan Tarahan, the perception of society and company, and the relationship between the perception and the level of the CSR Program implementation. The location of this study has been chosen puposively in Tarahan Village, Panjang Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung. Respondents of this research were 61 of local people and 6 of company staffs. Data were collected in April - May 2017. This research used a survey method with descriptive analysis and used nonparametric statistics test correlation Rank Spearman to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the level of program implementation is in a high classification, the perception of society on CSR Program is in good classification, the perception of company to CSR Program is also in good classification. There is no significant correlation between the perception of society and program implementation, in other hand there is significant correlation between the perception of company and program implementation of PT Bukit Asam Unit Pelabuhan Tarahan. Key words: CSR Program, the perception of society, the perception of company

Missed opportunities in family planning: process evaluation of family planning program in Omo Nada district, Oromia region, Ethiopia

BackgroundFamily planning (FP) program is a key program to avert unbalanced human population growth, maternal mortality, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually transmitted diseases and malnutrition. To address these aims, all services that clients receive must be of consistently high quality. So, services that clients receive should be monitored and evaluated.MethodsCase study was carried out in January, 2011, in Omo Nada district, Oromia region. Data were collected using different data collection methods. Process of FP program was evaluated using Judith Bruce model. Geographical accessibility, availability of resources for service provision and technical compliance were assessed. Level of program implementation was measured using stakeholders’ agreed indicators and judgment matrix.ResultsThough overall program implementation level was good and clients were satisfied, notable gaps observed were absence of crucial materials, poor provision of information in relation to method given, poor technical performance in following aseptic procedure, and poor integration of services.ConclusionService provision should be monitored to maintain quality of service by integrating available services in resource limited setting.

Mapping the substance of the EU's civil society support in Central Asia: From neo-liberal to state-led civil society

Over the years, civil society empowerment has become an integral part of the European Union's (EU) external and internal governance as a way to advance democracy and enhance citizen participation. While there has been increasing scholarly attention to the instruments and impact of the EU's civil society support, so far there has been little research on the question what kind of civil society the EU actually promotes. This article intends to fill this gap by examining the substance of the EU's civil society support in post-Soviet Central Asia, a region where various forms of civil society organizations (CSOs) exist. The findings reveal a differentiation between civil society types promoted in EU strategic documents and those that are supported in practice. While at the strategic planning level the EU seeks to strengthen civil society broadly construed, at the program implementation level the (neo-) liberal CSOs are the main beneficiaries. At the same time, the EU customizes its civil society assistance depending on the realities on the ground and at times finds itself empowering state-led civil society, while communal groups rarely benefit from the EU assistance schemes. This has severe implications for the advancement of citizen participation, considering that the actual grass-root initiatives are largely excluded from the EU assistance.