Adaptive Programming Research Articles

VALUES OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN JEUNG PANGGEUING'S PEPELING BOOK WORKS OF KH ACENG ZAKARIA

This research aims to identify and analyze the values ​​of character education contained in the book "Pepeling jeung Panggeuing" by KH Aceng Zakaria. This book, written in Sundanese, is a collection of advice from a leading scholar who has significantly contributed to education and moral development in society. The language used in this book is very persuasive and easy to understand, especially for the people of West Java. A qualitative approach with content analysis was used in this research to understand the moral and ethical messages contained in the book. Data was collected through an in-depth study of book texts and secondary references related to character education theory. The research results reveal several core values ​​taught in this book, namely the book "Pepeling jeung Panggeuing" which plays an important role in shaping readers' character through applicable and relevant advice. The book "Pepeling jeung Panggeuing" contains a collection of advice that makes people aware of negative actions and awakens the human mind so that they can rise from laziness and be more optimistic in living their lives. This book contains character education values, including religious character education, cooperation, tolerance, hard work and generosity. The implication is that this book can be used as a reference in the character education curriculum in schools and as a guide for families and communities in developing the morals of the younger generation. This research recommendation includes the development of a more integrative and adaptive educational program based on the values ​​contained in this book

An adaptive Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Program Enables Basal Epithelial Cells to Bypass Stress-Induced Stasis and Contributes to Metaplastic Breast Cancer Progenitor State.

Human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) cultures encounter a stress-associated barrier termed stasis, during which most cells adopt a senescence-like phenotype. From these cultures, rare variants emerge from the basal epithelial population, re-initiating growth. Variants exhibit pre-malignant properties, including an aberrant epigenetic program that enables continued proliferation and acquisition of genetic changes. Following oncogenic transformation, variants produce tumors that recapitulate the histopathological characteristics of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC), a rare subtype characterized by squamous and mesenchymal differentiation. Using the conventional serum-free HMEC culture system, we probed the capacity for phenotypic plasticity inherent to basal epithelial cell populations from human breast tissue as they navigated stasis and emerged as variant populations. We observed robust activation of a TGF-β-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in basal epithelial cells during stasis, followed by subsequent attenuation of this program in emerging variants. Inhibiting the TGF-β pathway or depleting the EMT regulators Snail or Slug allowed basal epithelial cells to collectively bypass stasis, demonstrating that cellular dysfunction and arrest resulting from TGF-β and EMT activation are central to this in vitro barrier. The spontaneous emergence of variants from stasis cultures was associated with a restricted EMT trajectory, which diverted cells away from a complete mesenchymal state characterized by irreversible growth arrest, and instead limited variants to epithelial and intermediate EMT states associated with greater proliferative capacity and stemness. Epigenetic mechanisms, which contributed to the dysregulated growth control characteristic of the variant phenotype, also contributed to the constrained EMT program in variants. By overcoming the cellular dysfunction and growth arrest resulting from TGF-β and EMT activation, variants exhibited increased oncogenic transformation efficiency compared to pre-stasis basal epithelial cells. Inhibiting the TGF-β pathway prior to stasis significantly reduced EMT in the basal epithelial population, alleviated selective pressure driving variant emergence, and enhanced oncogenic transformation efficiency, resulting in tumors with markedly diminished metaplastic differentiation. This study reveals how adaptive EMT reprogramming governs basal epithelial cell fate decisions and contributes to the development of MBC progenitors by restricting access to terminal mesenchymal states that induce growth arrest and, instead, favoring intermediate states with enhanced tumorigenic potential.

Designing a knowledge transfer model for accelerating urban climate adaptation in Malaysia

The urgency of adapting urban areas to the increasing impacts of climate change has prompted the scientific community to seek new approaches in partnership with public entities and civil society organizations. In Malaysia, Penang Island has developed a nature-based urban climate adaptation program (PNBCAP) seeking to increase urban resilience, reduce urban heat and flooding, strengthening social resilience, and build institutional capacity. The project includes a strong knowledge transfer component focused on encouraging other cities in the country to develop and implement adaptation policies, projects, and initiatives. This research develops a model adopting the most efficient processes to accelerate the transfer of knowledge to promote urban adaptation based on the PNBCAP. The methodology is developed based on a review of literature focused on innovation systems and change theories. The integration of success strategies in adaptation contributes to informing the creation of solutions around the alliance of local, state, and national government agencies, scientific institutions, and civil society organizations, in a new framework designated the Malaysian Adaptation Sharing Hub (MASH). MASH is structured in 3-steps and will function as an accelerator for the implementation of urban climate adaptation policies, with the target of creating 2 new adaptation-related policies to be adopted annually by each city member, based on knowledge gathered in the PNBCAP. It is concluded that, to speed up urban adaptation, it is necessary to reinforce and promote the sharing of knowledge resulting from or associated with pilot projects.

Heads of Schools Preparation of School Environment for Actualizing Student Mothers’ Continuation with Education in Public Secondary Schools in Dodoma Municipality

This study aimed to investigate the heads of schools' preparation of the school environment in actualizing student mothers’ continuation with education in public secondary schools in Dodoma municipality. Guided by the Clinical Supervision Model (CSM) developed by Goldhammar in 1969, the study used the convergent design under a mixed methods research approach. Targeted 40 heads of schools, 312 secondary school teachers, and 291 student-mothers, a sample of 6 heads of schools, 60 teachers, and 12 student-mothers was drawn, making a total of 78 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides whose validity was ensured by education experts in educational administration and planning. Based on the pilot test data, the reliability of teachers' and student mothers’ questionnaires was established through Likert-type items where 0.81 and 0.75 Cronbach-Alpha coefficients were separately obtained with the aid of SPSS version 22. The credibility and dependability of the qualitative data gathered through interview guides were carried out through instrument triangulation and peer debriefing approaches. At the same time as the qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented in quotations, the quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and tabulated in frequencies, percentages, and means. The study revealed that public secondary schools in Dodoma Municipality did not have on-site childcare facilities. The study also exposes that schools are striving for inclusive learning, but lack counseling, mentorship, financial aid collaboration, teacher professional development, and flexible academic programs. The study concluded that there are still inadequacies in assistance, even if school administrators have made strides toward fostering inclusive learning environments and honoring the accomplishments of student mothers. As adaptive academic programs are being introduced, additional supportive measures should be strengthened. Student mothers should participate in school-run initiatives and programs intended to assist them.

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Current challenges and future directions for shared decision making for lung cancer screening.

Shared decision making (SDM) between health care professionals and patients is essential to help patients make well informed choices about lung cancer screening (LCS). Patients who participate in SDM have greater LCS knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and improved adherence to annual screening compared with patients who do not participate in SDM. SDM tools are acceptable to patients and clinicians. The importance of SDM in LCS is emphasized in recommendations from professional organizations and highlighted as a priority in the 2022 President's Cancer Panel Report. The updated 2022 national coverage determination from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reaffirms the value of SDM in offering LCS to eligible beneficiaries. The Shared Decision-Making Task Group of the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable undertook a group consensus process to identify priorities for research and implementation related to SDM for LCS and then evaluated current knowledge in these areas. Priority areas included: (1) developing feasible, adaptable SDM training programs for health care professionals; (2) understanding the impact of alternative health system LCS models on SDM practice and outcomes; (3) developing and evaluating new patient decision aids for use with diverse populations and in varied settings; (4) offering conceptual clarity about what constitutes a high-quality decision and developing appropriate quality measures; and (5) studying the use of prediction-augmented screening to support SDM in practice. Gaps in current research in all areas were observed. The authors conclude with a research and implementation agenda to advance the quality and implementation of SDM for persons who might benefit from LCS.

Taking Stock of Youth Participation in Climate Adaptation: A Case Study of Action 24, Zimbabwe

Globally, youth voices have emerged as critical in the climate adaptation discourse. Underpinned by Hart’s participation typology and Lundy’s Voice Model, this study explored the nature and level of youth participation being promoted by a civil society-led climate adaptation programme in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was adopted for the study. The results indicate meaningful youth participation in the mid to high level range on Hart’s ladder of participation in action focused at protecting and adapting their communities to climate change, influencing the climate adaptation agenda, and transforming the climate adaptation policy for sustainable development. However, poverty, adultism, and lack of government support emerged as barriers to higher level youth participation in climate adaptation. Integration of poverty reduction and climate adaptation, challenging adultism, and lobbying the government can enhance youth participation in climate adaptation in Zimbabwe and abroad.

Parenting Profiles in Military Families: Intervention-Related Transitions and Relationships to Child Adjustment

Parenting programs aim to improve parenting quality, which may, in turn, support various aspects of child development, including behavior and mental health. However, parenting interventions show considerable heterogeneity in response patterns across different families, demonstrating that they are not one-size-fits-all programs. This variability points to a need for greater understanding of which families benefit most from these interventions and how to improve response among those who do not. Following this literature gap, this study employed a person-centered approach to identify different parenting profiles associated with heterogeneity in treatment responses to a family-based prevention interventions adapted for military families. This study used data from a randomized controlled trial of the ADAPT intervention for 336 US military families in which at least one parent had deployed to war. Latent profile analyses revealed three unobserved parenting profiles among mothers and fathers, reflecting High positive, Moderate positive, and Coercive parenting styles. Latent transition analysis (LTA) suggested that the ADAPT program led to improvements in parenting, particularly among mothers who began the program with moderate or typical levels of parenting skills, and that these positive changes in parenting may help to decrease child externalizing problems. For fathers, the ADAPT program was most effective in preventing declines in positive parenting among those with initially typical levels of positive parenting. Overall, study findings demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in parenting behavior among a sample of military families that is associated with variability in parent responses to the evidence-based parenting program.

Multistage stochastic programming for integrated network optimization in hurricane relief logistics and evacuation planning

AbstractIn this article, we study the integrated hurricane relief logistics and evacuation planning (IHRLEP) problem, integrating hurricane evacuation and relief item pre‐positioning operations that are typically treated separately. We propose a fully adaptive multistage stochastic programming (MSSP) model and solution approaches based on two‐stage stochastic programming (2SSP). Utilizing historical forecast errors modeled using the auto‐regressive model of order one, we generate hurricane scenarios and approximate the hurricane process as a Markov chain, and each Markovian state is characterized by the hurricane's location and intensity attributes. We conduct a comprehensive numerical experiment based on case studies motivated by Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Ian. Through the computational results, we demonstrate the value of fully adaptive policies given by the MSSP model over static ones given by the 2SSP model in terms of the out‐of‐sample performance. By conducting an extensive sensitivity analysis, we offer insights into how the value of fully adaptive policies varies in comparison to static ones with key problem parameters.

Concept of flexible no-code automation for complex sample preparation procedures

Driven by demographic changes and dwindling Science Technology Engineering Mathematics enrolments, our research introduces no-code automation as a strategic response, aimed at mitigating labor shortages while enhancing productivity and safety in the laboratory environment. Employing a user-friendly, no-code software platform, we automated a complex HPTLC assay, enabling laboratory personnel to configure and modify workflows without requiring specialized programming skills. The manuscript outlines the deployment of a collaborative robot (cobot), a programmable logic controller (PLC), and the utilization of self-developed open-source hardware components to establish automated stations for sample handling, incubation, spraying, detection, and storage within the assay process. The research addresses challenges such as the handling of fragile HPTLC plates and the seamless integration of automated stations, solved through innovative design solutions and adaptive programming methods. This investigation demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of no-code automation in overcoming skilled labor deficits.

Optimal course tracking control of USV with input dead zone based on adaptive fuzzy dynamic programing

Optimal course tracking control of USV with input dead zone based on adaptive fuzzy dynamic programing

Beyond the Playground: Challenges in Physical Education (PE) for Students with Additional Needs. A case Study Exploration

This study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges encountered among students with additional needs in physical education (PE) classes. This study explored the various experiences of six students with additional needs who were subjected to semi-structured interviews in the physical education class participation at the MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology. The findings revealed two sub-themes: barriers to physical activity, which can be categorized as physical activity limitations and disability-related academic barriers, and psychosocial barriers, which include self-worth struggle and social exclusion in physical education (PE) classes. These barriers highlight the need for inclusive and adaptable physical education programs that cater the diverse needs of all students and create an atmosphere where everyone may actively engage and derive benefits from participating in physical education. Future studies should prioritize exploring educational interventions that effectively break down these challenges to enhance attitudes toward disabilities and promote social inclusion for students with additional needs.

A stakeholder perspective on the necessary conditions for successfully implementing parenting interventions in Botswana.

Encouraging positive parenting practices through evidence-based interventions is vital for the achievement of SDG target 16.2, which aims to eradicate all forms of violence against children while promoting their safety and mental wellbeing. As low- and middle- income countries increasingly adopt parenting programs, policymakers and implementers face the challenge of efficiently transporting, adapting, and implementing them across multiple settings. This study seeks to evaluate the real-world experiences, challenges, and best practices in implementing parent support programs in Botswana. A series of interviews with program implementers and stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental organizations were conducted. Key informants from governmental and non-governmental institutions were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and 17 practitioners participated in the study. Data collection was carried out through online Zoom video conferencing at a convenient time and location for participants. The findings indicate several factors that contribute to the successful implementation of parenting programs in Botswana, including (a) enabling factors such as supportive policies, regulations and guidelines, (b) innovative factors such as capacity building, program adaptation and mixed method program delivery, (c) bridging factors through collaborations with skilled organizations, and (d) intra-organizational factors such as organizational resources, program sustainability, and support for program staff. No single organization or strategy can sustainably foster positive parenting support in Botswana. Instead, a collective and collaborative learning approach is necessary to develop lasting and scalable solutions.

Evaluating the implementation of the Pediatric Acute Care Education (PACE) program in northwestern Tanzania: a mixed-methods study guided by normalization process theory

BackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Tanzania, the competency of healthcare providers critically influences the quality of pediatric care. To address this issue, we introduced Pediatric Acute Care Education (PACE), an adaptive learning program to enhance provider competency in Tanzania’s guidelines for managing seriously ill children. Adaptive learning is a promising alternative to current in-service education, yet optimal implementation strategies in LMIC settings are unknown.Objectives(1) To evaluate the initial PACE implementation in Mwanza, Tanzania, using the construct of normalization process theory (NPT); (2) To provide insights into its feasibility, acceptability, and scalability potential.MethodsMixed-methods study involving healthcare providers at three facilities. Quantitative data was collected using the Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) questionnaire, while qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus groups discussions (FGDs).ResultsEighty-two healthcare providers completed the NoMAD survey. Additionally, 24 senior providers participated in IDIs, and 79 junior providers participated in FGDs. Coherence and cognitive participation were high, demonstrating that PACE is well understood and resonates with existing healthcare goals. Providers expressed a willingness to integrate PACE into their practices, distinguishing it from existing educational methods. However, challenges related to resources and infrastructure, particularly those affecting collective action, were noted. Early indicators point toward the potential for long-term sustainability of the PACE, but assessment of reflexive monitoring was limited due to the study’s focus on PACE’s initial implementation.ConclusionThis study offers vital insights into the feasibility and acceptability of implementing PACE in a Tanzanian context. While PACE aligns well with healthcare objectives, addressing resource and infrastructure challenges as well as conducting a longer-term study to assess reflexive monitoring is crucial for its successful implementation. Furthermore, the study underscores the value of the NPT as a framework for guiding implementation processes, with broader implications for implementation science and pediatric acute care in LMICs.

ThP7.8 - What is the gap in operative trauma surgical skills needed for humanitarian and military deployment? A systematic narrative review of surgeons in high-income countries

Abstract Aims The incidence of armed conflict, terrorist attacks and environmental disaster is increasing and death from traumatic injury remains a leading cause of mortality globally, posing complex challenges in surgical care. Despite advancements in trauma systems development, practice in high-income countries (HICs) is characterised by low trauma volumes, evolving non-operative strategies and increasing sub-specialisation, raising concerns about surgical preparedness for managing diverse injuries. This systematic review aims to assess the operative trauma skills of surgeons in HICs mapped against core military and humanitarian procedures. Examination of the breadth of skills acquired and identification of areas where further experience is required will inform the development of more comprehensive and adaptable surgical training programs. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using MEDLINE and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria targeted general and trauma surgery consultants or trainees in HICs, analysing quantitative and qualitative data on operative workload and skills acquisition. Results Twelve studies from the USA, UK, Netherlands, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand were included. Trainees demonstrated experience in general surgical trauma but lack exposure to critical skills in orthopaedic, vascular and obstetric and gynaecological surgery. Conclusion This review highlights a gap in the operative trauma surgical skills of surgeons in HICs and the need for re-evaluation of surgical training curricula to address the dynamic challenges posed by contemporary trauma care. Emphasising a versatile skillset and exploring avenues for enhanced exposure through didactic courses and global surgery partnerships might prove crucial for better preparing surgeons for the diverse and demanding scenarios in the field of trauma care

Assessment of the phenotypic diversity and agronomic performance of a Mediterranean lentil collection under rainfed conditions: towards efficient use in breeding programs for adaptation to Mediterranean-type environment

Assessment of the phenotypic diversity and agronomic performance of a Mediterranean lentil collection under rainfed conditions: towards efficient use in breeding programs for adaptation to Mediterranean-type environment

Quantitative Assessment of Full-Time Equivalent Effort for Kilovoltage-Cone Beam Computed Tomography Guided Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Medical Physicists

Introduction: With recent clinical adoption of online adaptive radiotherapy and the increased workload associated with adaptive radiotherapy, proper staffing for medical physicists is paramount to safe clinical operation. However, there is currently no consensus on the full-time equivalent (FTE) requirements for safe administration of CBCT-guided online adaptive radiotherapy. This study aims to quantitatively assess medical physics workload and staffing needs of a CBCT-guided online adaptive radiotherapy program. Methods: We conducted a detailed analysis of the CBCT-guided adaptive planning and treatment workflows, encompassing tasks such as patient consultation, treatment planning, plan review, training, quality assurance, and treatment delivery. Utilizing data from machine logs, clinical database queries, and staff surveys, we present a framework for estimating FTE values for different staffing scenarios, considering medical physicists’ roles as planners, adaptors, or both. Results: FTE calculations, based on an example workload of 100 adaptive and 200 nonadaptive patients per year, for three staffing scenarios were provided: medical physicists as planners and adaptors (2.9 FTE), medical physicists as planners but not adaptors (2.6 FTE), and medical physicists as adaptors but not planners (1.4 FTE). These findings offer calculation guidance and benchmarks for staffing requirements in CBCT-guided online adaptive radiotherapy programs, emphasizing the need for specific staffing models to accommodate the complexities of adaptive radiotherapy. Conclusion: This study outlines a framework for calculating FTE requirements for medical physicists in a CBCT-guided online adaptive radiotherapy program. By analyzing the processes for three common adaptive radiotherapy workflows, this work can provide effective workforce planning and resource allocation estimates. This analysis can be used either prior to the implementation of an online adaptive radiotherapy program, for program development, or as a review of current practices to ensure operational efficiency and proper staffing levels are maintained.

Partially adaptive multistage stochastic programming

Multistage stochastic programming is a powerful tool allowing decision-makers to revise their decisions at each stage based on the realized uncertainty. However, organizations are not able to be fully flexible, as decisions cannot be revised too frequently in practice. Consequently, decision commitment becomes crucial to ensure that initially made decisions remain unchanged for a certain period of time. This paper introduces partially adaptive multistage stochastic programming, a new optimization paradigm that strikes an optimal balance between decision flexibility and commitment by determining the best stages to revise decisions depending on the allowed level of flexibility. We introduce a novel mathematical formulation and theoretical properties eliminating certain constraint sets. Furthermore, we develop a decomposition method that effectively handles mixed-integer partially adaptive multistage programs by adapting the integer L-shaped method and Benders decomposition. Computational experiments on stochastic lot-sizing and generation expansion planning problems show substantial advantages attained through optimal selections of revision times when flexibility is limited, while demonstrating computational efficiency attained by employing the proposed properties and solution methodology. By adhering to these optimal revision times, organizations can achieve performance levels comparable to fully flexible settings.

Analysis of Educational Needs for the Development of a Clinical Practice Adaptation Program for Nursing Students

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the educational needs for developing a clinical practice adaptation program for nursing students.Methods: This descriptive survey collected data through a questionnaire from 124 third- and fourth-year nursing students in Daegu. The data were analyzed using frequencies, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, importance-performance analysis (IPA), and Borich's needs analysis method with IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0.Results: IPA identified 11 educational items requiring intensive improvement. Additionally, Borich's needs analysis method was utilized to establish educational priorities. Among these, the highest educational need was for “understanding and precautions of significant drugs in internal medicine and surgery.”Conclusion: This study's findings have implications for developing a clinical practice adaptation program for nursing students.

Advancing urban climate adaptation through knowledge exchange: A case study of New York City

Cities are experiencing increasingly extreme and longer-lasting hazards due to climate change. In response, urban decision-makers use climate assessments to inform their adaptation programs. To effectively inform planning, climate assessments must be responsive to community priorities and align with information needs. However, there are few empirical studies evaluating the co-production and exchange of climate information within climate assessment processes. To address this gap, we evaluated the Climate Knowledge Exchange (CKE) piloted in 2020 by the Mayor's Office of Climate and Environmental Justice (then the Mayor's Office of Resiliency) in New York City. The CKE is an ongoing engagement process that asked: What are the research gaps and barriers to adaptation in New York City and how can we design inclusive approaches to knowledge exchange that advance equitable adaptation? To answer this question, we facilitated group discussions, distributed surveys, and reviewed adaptation plans to assess the state of climate knowledge. The findings indicate a need for contextually and culturally sensitive approaches to the co-development of actionable knowledge. Additionally, there is a need to reduce barriers to equitable adaptation and to advance the practice of climate-informed decision-making. Our findings advance understanding of the potential role of climate knowledge exchange in adaptation planning.

Entrepreneurship Training and Mentoring for Sportswear Production at the Branch Leadership of LPM SMA Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Sambi Boyolali

The entrepreneurship training and mentoring initiative at PR IPM SMA Muhammadiyah PK Sambi Boyolali focuses on equipping members with essential skills in sportswear production and micro-business management. This program encompasses training in production techniques, business operations, and marketing strategies. The process is carefully structured, beginning with a thorough needs assessment, followed by a well-planned two-month program, and culminating in the development of educational materials aligned with a specialized Sports Entrepreneurship curriculum. Participants successfully produced themed sports jerseys and casual t-shirts, and also established a promising business unit within PR IPM SMA Muh. PK Sambi Boyolali. With its emphasis on sustainability, this initiative is poised to serve as a robust model for entrepreneurship development among students and other Muhammadiyah youth groups. Ongoing evaluations and adaptive program strategies are integral to ensuring the continued success and longevity of this endeavor.