Program Effectiveness Research Articles

Critical Study on Bekerja Program Implementation as Economic Empowerment: Sharia Economic Perspective

The research aims to assess BEKERJA program's effectiveness in reducing poverty in Salutambung Village by providing farm animals. It evaluates the program's impact on economic empowerment, food security, and its alignment with Islamic economic principles, while addressing challenges like resource misallocation and dependency. The research methodology involves qualitative analysis to evaluate the program's impact in Salutambung Village through interviews and observations as field research. Data collection includes examining economic empowerment, food security, collaboration with Social Affairs Department, and alignment with Islamic economic principles. The study concludes that the BEKERJA program effectively reduces poverty by providing livestock to needy households, enhancing economic empowerment and food security. The program's collaboration with the Social Affairs Department has improved community welfare and economic conditions. However, some social assistance programs, including BEKERJA, face challenges such as resource misallocation and lack of technical support. The research lacks analysis that could contribute to further improving BEKERJA program

Two universal school-based prevention programs for depression and anxiety: 24-Month follow-up of an RCT

Background and objectivesTransdiagnostic approaches have been promoted as a means of maximising preventative effects across multiple problems with depression and anxiety suitable targets as they appear to have highly interconnected systems in pathology development and maintenance. This study investigated long-term effects of two universal school-based programs, Emotion Regulation (ER) and Behavioral Activation (BA), that sought to prevent depression and anxiety by targeting worry (a transdiagnostic feature) to promote resilience. MethodsThis follow-up study captured data from 162 of 316 initial students (aged 8–13; 52.2% female), from six Australian schools. The original study design cluster randomised students by school into BA, ER, or a usual class control. Intervention conditions consisted of 8 × 50-min weekly sessions. This study measured the effects of these interventions after 24 months on resilience, worry, depression, and anxiety. Resilience was also examined as a potential mediator. ResultsAt 24-month follow-up, there was no significant effect of either intervention on depression, anxiety, worry, or resilience levels. Significantly fewer participants in ER and BA met clinical thresholds for separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the 24-month follow-up compared with baseline. No mediation effects were found. LimitationsAlthough self-report measures are common in universal, school-based research, this represents a study limitation. ConclusionsBoth interventions may provide limited long-term protective effects on SAD and OCD symptoms, which appear to have a shelf-life shorter than 24 months. To maintain program effects, refresher sessions at shorter intervals may be a consideration for future research.

Caregiver Burden in Bladder Cancer Patients with Urinary Diversion Post-Radical Cystectomy and the Need for Comprehensive Nursing Education: A Narrative Literature.

Bladder cancer ranks seventh in global cancer prevalence. Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion are standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Family caregivers shoulder a substantial care burden, affecting their own quality of life, with repercussions extending to patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This narrative review aims to highlight the major concerns perceived by the caregivers and efficacy of nurse-led interventions in alleviating their concerns and improving HRQOL. A systematic search of the PubMed, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases was carried out to identify studies published in the last 5 years (from Jan 2018 to Aug 2023) that have evaluated the concerns and problems of caregivers attending bladder cancer patients with urinary diversion. Additionally, studies evaluating the efficacy of nurse-led interventions in alleviating these concerns were also searched. Overall, 6 studies involving 933 BC patients with UD and 1042 caregivers were identified as suitable for inclusion in this narrative literature review. Major concerns identified included psychological well-being, medical assistance needs, and peer support. Significant psychological impact was evident in the caregivers which operated in a dyadic manner. Nurse-led stoma education programs have demonstrated potential in enhancing caregivers' quality of life, although they remain restricted. Emphasizing caregivers' role and program effectiveness is critical. Our review addresses these gaps, focusing on caregivers' concerns and the impact of nursing education for improved patient outcomes. Holistic and collaborative approach could enhance the overall well-being and quality of life of bladder cancer patients and their caregivers.

Development and Implementation of a Hospitalist Faculty Development Program in a University- and Community-Based Multihospital System.

Robust faculty development (FD) is an emerging area of focus within hospital medicine, a relatively new specialty with limited mentorship infrastructure to find and develop a professional niche. There are few descriptions in the literature of establishing and evaluating an FD program with strategies to evaluate success, invite collaboration, and achieve feasible, useful metrics. We created our University Division of Hospital Medicine's FD Program to help community and academic hospitalist faculty fulfill professional goals in (and beyond) quality improvement, leadership, education, and clinical skills. We describe program development, initial implementation, and early evaluation results. We outline program roles and offerings such as professional development awards, lectures, and mentorship structures. Our program was successfully implemented, measured by engagement and participation via preliminary indicators suggesting programmatic effectiveness: faculty who applied for (and continued participation in) mentorship and faculty development awards and faculty who attended our lecture series. Since program implementation, faculty retention has increased, and percentages of faculty reporting they were likely to remain were stable, even during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Scholarly production increased and the number of division associate professors/professors grew from 2 in 2015 to 19 in 2024. Our experience can guide institutions seeking to support and encourage faculty professional development. Lessons learned include the importance of needs assessment and leadership commitment to meeting identified needs; how a steering committee can amplify the effectiveness and relevance of FD efforts; and the utility of multiple recognition strategies-quarterly newsletters, monthly clinical recognition, mentions on social media-to support and encourage faculty.

Optimizing Functional Capacity : A Comprehensive Review of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Program Effectiveness

Optimizing Functional Capacity : A Comprehensive Review of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Program Effectiveness

Client Perceptions of the Individual Packer Managing Fatigue Program: A Mixed-Method Evaluation.

Fatigue is common, but under-recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD), with limited treatment options. The aim of this study is to explore the experience of people with PD (PwPD) regarding content and delivery of the individual Packer Managing Fatigue program. This mixed-method study (n = 12) was conducted concurrently with a pilot randomized controlled trial. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. Five themes emerged: the program is helpful; the program has strengths; areas for improvement; individual online delivery is feasible; and more support from occupational therapist would be helpful. Quantitative findings confirmed feasibility with high ratings on questionnaires and confidence to use learned strategies. The findings inform future implementation of the Packer Managing Fatigue program and contribute to understanding the needs of PwPD. Future studies might explore program's effectiveness as stand-alone treatment or in combination with other approaches. Tailoring fatigue programs to PwPD's unique needs and characteristics of PD fatigue is suggested.

The Influence of Program Effectiveness on the Sustainability of the Farmer Food Corporation (KPP) Business at PT. XYZ

PT. XYZ is one of the Farmer Food Corporations (KPP) in Ciamis Regency, providing services ranging from production facilities to facilitating credit capital applications. This farmer corporatization program benefits farmers by increasing their income, thus necessitating the sustainability of PT. XYZ. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the effectiveness of the PT. XYZ program, its sustainability level, and the impact of its effectiveness on business sustainability. This study employs an integrated (mixed method) approach with a dominant quantitative design. The population comprises rice farmers who are members of the Farmer Food Corporation in Ciamis Regency under PT. XYZ. A sample size of 51 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling method to ensure equal representation. The effectiveness of the PT. XYZ program was analyzed descriptively through a descriptive statistical analysis approach, and the Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was performed to understand the influence of program effectiveness on PT. XYZ's business sustainability. The research results indicate that all variables influence the effectiveness of the PT. XYZ programs are constructed by real manifests, with contributions ranging from medium to high. The five manifest variables constructing effectiveness are program objectives, real change, program socialization, precision, and monitoring. The sustainability variable is constructed by market, workplace, environment, and community variables. The program's effectiveness has a significant influence on PT. XYZ's business sustainability. In conclusion, the PT. XYZ program effectively enhances farmers' income and contributes significantly to the sustainability of PT. XYZ's business. Continuous improvement in program implementation and monitoring is essential to maintain and enhance these benefits.

Positive Impact on Critical Care Knowledge Acquisition and Skills of VietnameseNurses through an Online Standardized Training Program

Background Improved access to healthcare, increasing elderly population, growing incidence of chronic diseases, combined with the high prevalence of accidents and infectious diseases are driving the demand for critical care services in acute hospitals. However, low and middle-income countries not only have a shortage of critical care nurses, but there are also gaps in their graduate, post-graduate, and specialized training as well as in their continuing education to support them in their role. Methods This quality improvement project aimed to assess the effect of a web-based group study program on knowledge acquisition and skills and competency development of critical care nurses at seven private,not-for-profit hospital sites within a hospital system in Vietnam. The Essentials of Critical Care Orientation 4.0 course from the American Association of Critical Care Nurses was delivered to two cohorts of ICU nurses who worked in critical care. Course content was translated in Vietnamese. The program leveraged a preceptor-facilitator-learner model that depended on group discussions and self-learning. Program effectiveness was evaluated using quantitative pre- and post-test design, combined with a post-program survey. ResultsAverage post-test scores of the first cohort increased by 34.0% over pre-test while those of the second cohort increased by an average 41.0%.Post-program survey revealed that all learners were satisfied with the quality of content, the web-based delivery system, content translation and the overall teaching methodology. Learners also demonstrated greater confidence in delivering safe, proactive patient care. Conclusion The utilization of an online, standardizedwestern education program, translated to Vietnamese,delivered through a facilitator-group learning model is successful in increasing the knowledge level of Vietnamize critical care nurses.

Penanganan Stunting Melalui Program Infak Telur di Kelurahan Tegalrejo

This study examines the implementation of the Infak Telur program in Tegalrejo Village to address stunting issues. The program involves egg donations from the community, which are then distributed to needy families, especially those with young children. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The sources of data used by the researcher are primary and secondary data. The findings indicate that the program successfully increased protein and nutritional intake among children and received positive responses from the community and GenRe youth. Active community participation in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the program was key to its success. The study suggests the need for ongoing support and coordination among relevant stakeholders to enhance the program's long-term effectiveness.

Building capacity for local public health: lessons from a mixed-methods evaluation of an academic-public health partnership used in response to COVID-19.

The Massachusetts Academic Health Department Consortium (AHD) established the Academic Public Health Volunteer Corps (APHVC) to support Local Health Departments (LHDs, n = 351) to meet rapidly emerging needs during the COVID-19 pandemic through engaging student volunteers. A program evaluation captured lessons learned and informed recommendations for sustainability and future replication. The mixed-methods evaluation leveraged the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Data were stratified by LHD engagement with APHVC. Quantitative surveys informed probes for qualitative focus groups and interviews; findings were categorized into CFIR constructs using a deductive approach. One-fifth of LHDs (n = 76, 27 used APHVC services, 45 did not) completed the survey. Eleven employees participated in follow-up focus groups or interviews. APHVC filled resource gaps, built capacity, and provided high-quality deliverables. LHDs experienced issues with reliability and communication of volunteers and lacked time to train volunteers. CFIR aided in evaluating APHVC in real time, producing actionable recommendations for best practices, dissemination, and future iterations of the program. Results are being used to enhance program effectiveness and sustainability, community health, and health equity across Massachusetts, and may help inform academic practice-based programs across the United States.

Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of village fund management in Padaloang Village, Dua Pitue Sub-District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency

Background: Padaloang Village, Dua Pitue District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, has managed village funds from 2020 to 2022 amidst various financial challenges. This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of these funds to understand their impact on regional development and identify areas that need improvement. Method: The research method used is qualitative with a narrative approach. The data sources used are secondary data by analyzing the data using the effectiveness ratio and efficiency ratio, and primary data in the form of interview results analyzed using effectiveness and efficiency measurements. Findings: The results of the study show that the analysis of the effectiveness of village fund management in Padaloang Village from 2020 to 2022 indicates stable development. Each year, the average village fund management level reaches 96%. This indicates that the financial management of Padaloang Village is considered effective, with the calculation results exceeding 90% and the interview results also showing alignment with the effectiveness measurements used. The efficiency analysis shows that the management of village funds in Padaloang Village experienced a decline during the 2020-2022 period. The average efficiency level of Padaloang Village financial management during this period was 97.80%, indicating less efficiency because the value is less than 100%, but the interview results show alignment with the efficiency measurements used. Conclusion: These results indicate that the village government is still using its budget less efficiently but effectively. This shows that the objectives can be achieved but with relatively high resources. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of village fund management using a unique combination of financial ratio analysis and qualitative interviews. This study provides new insights into the challenges in achieving budget efficiency while maintaining program effectiveness, which can be the basis for improving village fund management policies at the local and national levels.

마음챙김 기반 교원 웰빙 증진 프로그램 개발 및 효과 분석

In this study, a mindfulness-based intervention program for teachers and empirically validated the effects on teachers’ stress and subjective well-being was developed. More specifically, based on the latest neuroscience and positive psychology research on mindfulness, we developed a mindfulness-based well-being program for teachers that incorporated mindfulness meditation and positive psychological factors such as compassion, loving-kindness, and gratitude. We implemented the program for eight weeks with the teachers in the experimental group. For the program effectiveness analysis, first, we compared between groups using Repeated Measure ANOVA to determine the treatment effect between the experimental and control groups. Second, Repeated Measure ANOVA and paired sample t-tests to examine the treatment effect within the experimental group were compared. In particular, we examined the persistence of the treatment effect, focusing on changes from pre- to 4-week follow up tests. The results showed that the mindfulness-based teacher well-being program was effective in increasing mindfulness and self-kindness, one of the components of compassion, and decreasing stress, such as anger and physical reactions. Furthermore, the effects on stress, which includes not only mindfulness and self-kindness but also depression, anger, and physical reactions as a result of these variables, were sustained up to four weeks after the program ended. On the other hand, self-criticism, life satisfaction, and negative affect showed significant treatment effects in the pre- and post-treatment periods, but the effects did not persist four weeks after the program ended. Based on the results of this study, we suggested ways to improve teachers' mental health and subjective well-being.

Analysis of Bilingual Implementation in Improving Students' English Proficiency in Islamic Boarding Schools

Improving English language skills among santri in pesantren is a challenge that requires innovative approaches, such as bilingual programs. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of bilingual implementation in improving the English language skills of santri in pesantren. The research method involved statistical evaluation of reading and writing test scores and questionnaire responses in measuring the impact of the program, complemented by thematic analysis of the qualitative data to identify key themes related to program implementation and effectiveness. The reading test results showed that 75% of the santri achieved ‘Good’ to ‘Very Good’ scores, signaling strong reading comprehension. However, the writing test results showed that no santri achieved a ‘Very Good’ score, although 35% of santri scored ‘Good’ and 43% scored ‘Fair,’ indicating proficiency in writing mechanics, grammar, and vocabulary. The perspective of the santri regarding the bilingual program was also positive, with the majority agreeing or strongly agreeing with the program's effectiveness. The implications of this study suggest that while the bilingual program effectively improves reading skills, there needs to be further focus on developing writing skills. Suggestions for future research include longitudinal research and a broader evaluation of language skills to gain a holistic view of the effectiveness of the bilingual program.

The Implementation of Senior High School Alternative Learning System: Basis for a Proposed Professional Development Plan for Teachers

The study assessed the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in Bulacan, focusing on learning delivery, resources, environment, and assessment to propose a professional development plan for teachers. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 342 ALS implementers and learners through surveys and interviews. Findings revealed a diverse teacher demographic, predominantly female and single, with most having less than five years of experience and no recent seminar attendance. Most teachers held Bachelor's degrees, with some possessing Master's degrees, and a majority had passed the LET exam. Respondents rated ALS implementation as “fully implemented,” except for learners who rated the learning delivery and learning resources as “implemented”. As for significant differences among the respondents, ALS implementation has no significant differences among the four learning domains. Challenges included limited interaction, ineffective communication, curriculum mismatches, resource constraints, and high workloads. Overall, there was consensus on ALS implementation across respondent groups, highlighting strengths and areas needing improvement to enhance the program's effectiveness and teacher support. To effectively address the challenges the ALS program faces, it is essential to enhance instructional delivery through increased face-to-face interaction between students and teachers, alongside providing targeted training on ALS pedagogy for educators. Developing effective learning materials, ensuring adequate facilities, creating a separate ALS curriculum, and establishing clear assessment policies will help minimize distractions, support student engagement, and improve overall learning outcomes.

Implementation of the Sipraja Program in Public Administrative Services

General background: Efficient public administration in village governance is key to improving community services. Specific background: The Siwalanpanji Village Government has implemented the Sipraja program, aiming to enhance population administration services. Knowledge gap: Despite the use of Sipraja, challenges remain in budget allocation, communication, and operator motivation, suggesting the need for evaluation to determine its effectiveness. Aims: This study analyzes the implementation of the Sipraja program in Siwalanpanji Village using Edward III’s policy theory framework, focusing on communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Results: The findings reveal that communication has been effectively facilitated by village officials who guide residents in using the application. Resources are adequate in terms of facilities, and officials can operate Sipraja, though budget sources remain unfulfilled as a motivator for operators. The disposition aspect is positive, with policymakers’ commitment aligning with existing regulations. The bureaucratic structure is relatively efficient, supported by clear standard operating procedures. However, the need for community socialization and consistent financial support is evident. Novelty: This study provides a detailed evaluation of Sipraja's implementation in administrative services, highlighting communication and resource gaps that affect the program's effectiveness. Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of financial support and community socialization for successful digital administration services in village governance. Highlights: Effective communication is crucial for successful digital service implementation in village governance. Resource gaps, including budget constraints, impact the program's operator motivation. Clear standard operating procedures support a more efficient bureaucratic structure. Keywords: Implementation, Sipraja Application, Population Administration, Village Governance, Digital Systems

Impact of a first-year medical student patient navigation initiative on healthcare access and students' skills

Background: Medical schools with complex patient populations, characterized by linguistic diversity and uncertain immigration status, face challenges in imparting essential skills in patient care, particularly in understanding healthcare barriers, building rapport, and fostering empathy. A South Florida medical school with a predominantly non-English-speaking and undocumented patient population piloted a Patient Navigation (PN) program within the first-year curriculum to address these challenges. We present the student feedback from the program’s first two years to guide medical schools in simultaneously caring for this unique patient population, with the aim of enhancing medical education. Methods: This program diverged from traditional Patient Navigation approaches by leveraging specialized hospital-associated translation services and collaborating with the Health System's Financial Assistance program. We performed a crosssectional study on student feedback surveys to identify program features significantly associated with a satisfying PN experience, and to provide insights to optimize and refine the program for future implementations. Results: The program engaged 245 out of 306 first-year medical students in PN for 118 patients. Successful contact was established with 55% of patients and 70% achieved their navigation objectives. Satisfaction metrics revealed that students given patients were nearly five times more satisfied than their counterparts. This positively impacts both student experience and patient outcomes, showcasing the program's effectiveness in bridging healthcare disparities. Discussion: The PN program proved successful in linking low-risk patients to follow-up care, offering medical students first-hand exposure to the challenges of care for primarily non-English-speaking and undocumented populations. The initiative aimed to enhance healthcare access for marginalized patients while providing medical students with an immersive understanding of patient-centric care beyond conventional curricular offerings. Key lessons learned include improving communication channels between students and patients, and optimizing community resources for streamlined patient support. Future iterations will prioritize these lessons, emphasizing cultural competence and patient advocacy to enhance both student education and patient care outcomes.

Overcoming Infrastructure Challenges to Unlock Food Security in Rural Indonesia

General Background: Food security is a critical issue in rural areas, especially in developing countries, where sustainable agricultural practices and government support play a vital role in ensuring a stable food supply. Specific Background: In Sumorame Village, Candi District, Sidoarjo Regency, the local government has implemented a food security program aimed at improving agricultural productivity and community welfare. Knowledge Gap: Despite the program's significance, little is known about the specific factors influencing its success, particularly in the context of rural governance and local agricultural conditions. Aims: This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the food security program in Sumorame Village, focusing on four key factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Results: The findings reveal that communication between the village government, farmers, and community groups has been effective through targeted socialization efforts. Human resources are competent, with strong collaboration among farmer groups. Financial resources have been allocated in accordance with regulations, but physical infrastructure remains inadequate due to limited agricultural land, unfavorable geographical conditions, and suboptimal hydroponic yields. Disposition among stakeholders is positive, with high commitment observed. The bureaucratic structure has been functioning in accordance with established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Novelty: This study highlights the importance of resource optimization, particularly in agricultural infrastructure, and stresses the need for improved technological integration to enhance program outcomes. Implications: The results suggest that strengthening communication and addressing physical resource limitations are crucial for improving food security program effectiveness in rural areas. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance rural food security initiatives. Highlights: Communication is crucial for successful food security program implementation. Infrastructure limitations present significant challenges to agricultural productivity. Collaboration and commitment among stakeholders enhance program effectiveness. Keywords: Food security, rural governance, agricultural infrastructure, communication, resource optimization

Leadership Development Training Program Effect on Acquisition of Leadership Competencies for Nurses? A Pilot Study

Leadership Development Training Program Effect on Acquisition of Leadership Competencies for Nurses? A Pilot Study

Uncovering the factors underlying collaboration outcomes in interprofessional education: A preliminary investigation involving healthcare students

BackgroundInterprofessional education (IPE) incorporates healthcare students from various disciplines to learn with, about, and from one another, aiming to foster effective collaboration. However, the factors that promote these collaboration outcomes remain elusive. Recognizing this knowledge gap, this study utilizes self-determination theory applied in a ten-day IPE programme. The study aims are twofold: to clarify the potential influence of personal factors (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and environmental factors (clear goals and technology support) on collaboration outcomes (team goal achievement and team effectiveness) and to examine the effect of the IPE on these outcomes. MethodologyThe study utilized an IPE programme that integrated asynchronous and synchronous learning methods across two institutions in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. This involved 147 students from diverse healthcare disciplines who were enrolled in the IPE programme. A pre- and post-test design was employed to examine programme effects. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing these outcomes, while paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate the effect of the IPE programme on collaboration outcomes. ResultsAmong the personal factors, a sense of relatedness emerged as an important predictor of team effectiveness and goal achievement. Clear goals and technology support positively influenced collaboration outcomes. A paired samples t-test indicated significant improvements in collaboration outcomes after the IPE simulation. ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of designing a large IPE programme that meets basic psychological needs (especially the sense of relatedness) and provides clear goals and adequate technology support in the IPE context. This study is helpful to understand how personal and environmental factors promote the collaboration outcomes in medical education and provide insights for future IPE curriculum development.

Reduced Cost Sharing and Medication Management Services for COPD

High out-of-pocket costs and improper use of maintenance inhalers contribute to poor outcomes among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is limited evidence for how addressing these barriers could improve adherence and affect COPD exacerbations, spending, or racial disparities in these outcomes. To examine the effect of a national program to reduce beneficiary cost sharing for COPD maintenance inhalers and provide medication management services that included education on proper technique for inhaler use. This randomized clinical trial included individuals with COPD. All individuals were enrolled in Medicare Advantage. Data were collected from January 2019 to December 2021, and data were analyzed from January 2023 to May 2024. Invitation to enroll in a program that reduced cost sharing for maintenance inhalers to $0 or $10 and provided medication management services. The random assignment of the invitation was used to estimate the effects of the invitation and program enrollment, overall and by race. Inhaler adherence measured as proportion of days covered (PDC), moderate-to-severe exacerbations, short-acting inhaler fills, total spending, and as an exploratory outcome, out-of-pocket spending. Of 19 113 included patients, 55.2% were female; 9.5% were Black, 81.1% were White, and 9.4% were another or unknown race; and the median (IQR) age was 74 (69-80) years. Program enrollment was higher in the invited group (29.4%) than the control group (5.1%). The PDC for maintenance inhalers was higher in the invited group than the control group (32.0% vs 28.4%; adjusted invitation effect, 3.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.1-4.5); the adjusted effect of the program (the local average treatment effect) was 15.5 percentage points (95% CI, 12.8-18.1), a 55% relative increase in adherence. Mean (SD) out-of-pocket spending for prescriptions was lower in the invited group ($619.5 [$863.1]) than the control group ($675.0 [$887.3]; adjusted invitation effect, -$49.5; 95% CI, -68.9 to -30.0; adjusted program effect, -$203.0; 95% CI, -282.8 to -123.2), but there was no statistically significant difference in exacerbations, short-acting inhaler fills, or total spending. Among Black individuals, the adjusted invitation effect on maintenance inhaler PDC was 5.5 percentage points (95% CI, 3.3-7.7), and the adjusted program effect was 19.5 percentage points (95% CI, 12.4-26.7). Among White individuals, the adjusted invitation effect was 3.7 percentage points (95% CI, 2.9-4.4), and the adjusted program effect was 15.1 percentage points (95% CI, 12.1-18.1). The difference between the invitation effects by race was not statistically significant (1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.5 to 4.1; P = .13). Individuals in Medicare Advantage who received an invitation to enroll in a program that reduced cost sharing for maintenance inhalers and provided medication management services had higher inhaler adherence compared with the control group. The difference in the program's effect on inhaler adherence between Black and White individuals was substantial but not statistically significant. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05497999.