Client Program Research Articles

ARSPivot, A Sensor-Based Decision Support Software for Variable-Rate Irrigation Center Pivot Systems: Part A. Development

HighlightsThe ARSPivot software seamlessly integrates site-specific irrigation scheduling methods with weather, plant, and soil water sensing systems in the operation of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) center pivot systems.ARSPivot embodies an Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system that incorporates site-specific irrigation scheduling methods and automates the collection and processing of data obtained from sensing systems supporting them.ARSPivot incorporates a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that assists in the process of setting up a computerized representation of a coupled ISSCADA VRI center pivot system and simplifies the review of irrigation prescriptions automatically generated based on sensor feedback.ARSPivot’s GUI includes a geographic information system (GIS) that relates sensed data and imported GIS data to specific field control zones.Abstract. The commercial availability of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) systems gives farmers access to unprecedented control of the irrigation water applied to their fields. To take full advantage of these systems, their operations must integrate site-specific irrigation scheduling methods that in turn should be supported by a network of sensing systems. An Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system patented by scientists with the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) at Bushland, Texas, incorporates site-specific irrigation scheduling methods informed by weather, plant, and soil water sensing systems. This article introduces a software package, ARSPivot, developed to integrate the ISSCADA system into the operation of VRI center pivot systems. ARSPivot assists the operation and integration of a complex network of sensing systems, irrigation scheduling methods, and irrigation machinery to achieve this end. ARSPivot consists of two independent programs interacting through a client-server architecture. The client program is focused on automatically collecting and processing georeferenced data from sensing systems and communicating with a center pivot control panel, while the server program is focused on communicating with users through a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) involving a geographic information system (GIS). The GUI allows users to visualize and modify site-specific prescription maps automatically generated based on sensor-based irrigation scheduling methods, and to control and monitor the application of irrigation amounts specified in these recommended prescription maps using center pivots equipped for VRI zone control or VRI speed control. This article discusses the principles and design considerations followed in the development of ARSPivot and presents tools implemented in the software for the virtual design and physical operation of a coupled ISSCADA VRI center pivot system. This article also illustrates how the ISSCADA system and ARSPivot constitute a comprehensive sensor-based decision support system (DSS) for VRI management that is accessible to users without in-depth knowledge of sensing systems or irrigation scheduling methods. Keywords: Center pivot irrigation, Decision support system, Precision agriculture, Sensors, Site-specific irrigation scheduling, Software, Variable rate irrigation.n

Supporting women leaving prison through peer health mentoring: a participatory health research study.

During the transition between prison and community, people are at greatly increased risk for adverse health outcomes. This study describes a peer health mentoring program that supports women in the first 3 days after their release from a provincial correctional facility in British Columbia. We used a participatory health research framework to develop multimethod processes to describe the Unlocking the Gates Peer Health Mentoring Program. Mentors are women with incarceration experience. Between 2013 and 2018, women released from Alouette Correctional Centre for Women were invited to access the program. All program clients were invited to participate in the surveys and interviews. We analyzed survey and interview data using descriptive analysis for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. There were 346 program contacts from 340 women over the study period. For every contact, a telephone interview was conducted. Among the 346 contacts, 173 women met their mentor, of whom 172 (99.4%) completed the intake and consent forms. A total of 105 women (61.0%) completed a program activity feedback survey at the end of the mentoring period. Women identified a range of needed supports during the transition from prison to community, including access to clothing, social assistance, housing and health care. Participants described a mix of emotions surrounding release, including excitement, anxiety, hope, and a wish for understanding and support. Within 3 days of release, 49 participants (46.7%) had accessed a family physician, and 89 (84.8%) had accessed at least 1 community resource. Ninety-eight participants (93.3%) reported that their mentor assisted them in accessing community resources. Peer health mentoring provides valuable, multifaceted support in helping women to navigate health and social services and to meet their basic needs. Strengthening health supports during the transition from prison to community is critical to promoting the health and well-being of women leaving prison.

Motivations for Treatment Engagement in a Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program: A Qualitative Study.

Aims:The aim of this study was to explore perspectives on motivations for treatment engagement from substance use disorder (SUD) clients in a long-term residential rehabilitation program.Design and Methods:A convenience sample of 30 clients who were enrolled in a year-long SUD treatment program at a residential rehabilitation facility took part in in-depth interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the directed content analysis approach.Results:Participant accounts indicated that their treatment engagement was motivated by factors that aligned with the six primary constructs of the Health Belief Model: (i) perceived susceptibility (eg, believing that their substance use required intervention and that they were prone to relapse), (ii) perceived severity (eg, substance use negatively impacted their health and harmed their close relationships), (iii) perceived benefits (eg, opportunities for a better life, reconnecting with family members and close friends, & avoiding legal consequences), (iv) perceived barriers (eg, the length of the treatment program), (v) cues to actions (eg, decisive moments, elements of the treatment program, & faith and spirituality), and (vi) self-efficacy in remaining abstinent (eg, treatment program provided them with skills and experiences to maintain long-term sobriety).Discussion:Our analysis indicates that participants’ treatment engagement was linked to their beliefs regarding the severity of their substance use disorder, their treatment program’s ability to help them avoid future relapse, and their own capability to act upon the strategies and resources provided by the treatment program. A theoretical understanding of these aspects can contribute to the future planning of precision interventions.

Contraceptive Receipt Among First-Trimester Abortion Clients and Postpartum Women in Urban Mexico

In Mexico, first-trimester abortion is legal in Mexico City and is available in the public and private sectors. Understanding subsequent contraceptive uptake and method mix among first-trimester abortion clients relative to that of women who deliver a live birth at a health facility could help identify where improvements in care following an obstetric event can be made across the health system. This article uses a retrospective cohort study to compare uptake of contraception prior to discharge between abortion clients in Mexico City's public abortion program and postpartum women from urban settings. The two data sources were clinical records of 45,233 abortion clients in Mexico City and information from a population-based survey of 1,289 urban women on their immediate postpartum contraceptive adoption. The primary outcome investigated was receipt of any reversible modern contraceptive method; secondary outcomes were level of method effectiveness and method type. Logistic regression and calculated multivariable probabilities were used to control for the effects of sociodemographic factors across the two data sources. The adjusted probability of uptake of any reversible modern method of contraception was higher among abortion clients than among postpartum women (67% vs. 48%). However, among all women who had received a contraceptive method, abortion clients had a lower adjusted probability of having received a long-acting reversible contraceptive than did postpartum women (49% vs. 82%) and a higher probability of having received a moderately effective method (38% vs. 13%). The adjusted probability of implant uptake was higher among abortion clients than among postpartum women (9% vs. 3%), while the adjusted probability of IUD uptake was lower (38% vs. 78%). Women receiving abortions in Mexico City's public abortion program were more likely than urban postpartum women to receive a reversible modern contraceptive method before leaving the facility. Women should be offered the full range of contraceptive methods after any obstetric event, to help them prevent unintended pregnancy and avoid short interpregnancy intervals.

Assess the Effect of Exercises program on balance and prevention of recurrent falling among Elderly People

Background: Aging is associated with the loss of balance and increase risk for falling. Gerontological nurse play an essential role in reducing falling and its related injuries through providing safety measures, environmental modification, eliminating risk factors and improving the balance through exercise training Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the effect of exercise program on balance and prevention of recurrent falling among elderly People. Research design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. Subjects: The study sample including 80 elderly clients male and female. Setting: This study was carried out at three geriatric homes in Minia city (Dar Omar Bn El- khatab- Dar El- Qedesa Hena- Dar El- raee el saleh). Tools of data collection: Two tools were utilized in collecting data; tool I: Interview structured questionnaire; tool II: Berg Balance Scale, the data were collected through one year. Methods: The researcher design booklet in Arabic language and give exercises training program for elderly clients. Results: The current study findings revealed that there was a highly Statistical significant difference in satisfaction of elderly knowledge that show the percent of satisfaction were (85%) after intervention. And also the finding revealed that there was a highly statistical significant difference improvement of elderly balance reported by (80%) and minimizes risk for falling at the end of intervention. Conclusion: The study findings concluded that the regular performing exercises enhances balance and reduces risk for falling for elderly people. Recommendations: We have to spot the light on elderly people to be a part of the education and exercises training program in geriatric homes and community also improve awareness of family members and health care givers about environmental hazards and how avoid it to prevent recurrent falling.

Does Administrative Burden Influence Public Support for Government Programs? Evidence from a Survey Experiment

AbstractResearch indicates that administrative burden influences the behaviors and views of clients and potential clients of government programs. However, administrative burden may also shape mass attitudes toward government programs. Taking a behavioral public administration approach, the authors consider whether and how exposure to information about administrative burden embedded within eligibility‐based programs influences citizen favorability toward those programs. It is hypothesized that if information about the existing screening mechanisms is highlighted and made salient, this will lead to greater approval of eligibility‐based programs. This expectation is evaluated using a survey experiment that explores administrative burden in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The evidence shows that being exposed to information about administrative burden increases favorability toward TANF and its recipients, though these effects are conditional on party identification. The results provide insight into a potential consequence of administrative burden, showing the way in which information regarding burden can shape citizens’ support for eligibility‐based programs.

SIKAP MASYARAKAT BOGOR TERHADAP PROGRAM GREBEG PASAR

ABSTRACTIONThis research aims to identify the customer's attitude toward a Grebeg Pasar of BRI, to describe the characteristics of individual traders Market Leuwiliang, to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of the individual account holders with attitude customer to a Grebeg Pasar of BRI. This research uses the free variable that is characteristic of the individual customer. While the free variable is a client's attitude to a Grebeg Pasar in the market at Leuwiliang BRI. The indicators used to measure individual customer characteristics variables are age, gender, level of education, UMKM business sector and the status of marriage. The indicators used to measure customer attitude variable to a Grebeg Pasar that is the shape of a Grebeg Pasar program, a form of lending products, promotional forms a Grebeg Pasar. Research done at Market Leuwiliang in may 2016. Samples taken is all the population that is as much as 90 businessmen. Sampling techniques are used is total sampling. The source of the data used include primary data such as questionnaires, interviews and observations to the respondents research and secondary data such as previous research results that are relevant, the books, the source of scientific data from Market Leuwiliang, Bogor. Technique of data analysis using statistical analysis descriptive and non-parametric statistical analysis. Test correlation using the formula Spearman Rank test with the validity of using the formula product moment Pearson. Analysis of variable X1 regarding characteristics of individual traders (customers) and the variable Y1 is attitude towards client program a Grebeg Pasar of BRI. The results of the relationship between the characteristics of individual employees and employee perception toward the leadership style elicited less significant relationships. Keywords: Attitude, Customer Programs, Grebeg Pasar

Simple IoT simulation

While analyzing iot projects it is very expensive to buy a lot of sensors , corresponding processor boards, power supplies etc. Moreover the entire process is to be replicated to cater to large topologies. The whole experiment is to be planned at a large scale before we can actually start to see analytics working. At a smaller scale this can be implemented as a simulation program in linux where the sensor data is created using a random number generator and scaled appropriately for each type of sensor to mimic representative data. This is them encrypted before sending it over the network to the edge nodes. At the server a socket stream now continuously awaits sensor data Here the required sensor data is retrieved and decrypted to give true time series data. This time series is now given to an analytics engine which calculates the trends and cyclicity and is used to train a neural network. The anomalies so found are properly deciphered. The multiplicity of the nodes can be characterized by having several client programs running in separate terminals. A simple client server architecture is thus able to simulate a large iot infrastructure and is able to perform analytics on a scaled model

Housing instability and child welfare: Examining the delivery of innovative services in the context of a randomized controlled trial

Child welfare-involved homeless families are at greater risk of poor social and economic outcomes compared with homeless families not involved with child welfare, and these negative outcomes reverberate in terms of economic and social costs to society. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine process findings from a randomized control trial from the first county-level Pay for Success initiative, Partnering for Family Success. The research compared housing, child welfare and public assistance outcomes for the treatment (N = 90) and control (N = 73) groups, explored how the program delivered its services, the service pattern over time, and perspectives of child welfare and program staff. We found that during and in the year after exiting the program, treatment group clients were less likely to use homeless services and were more likely to access public assistance benefits as compared with the control group clients, and during and after the program, the treatment and control group clients’ child maltreatment reports were not statistically significantly different. There were positive indications from quantitative data showing that the intervention patterns align with those of Critical Time Intervention (CTI), with qualitative interview data indicating shifts over time in case management focus from short-term crisis management and housing stability toward working on longer-term independent living skills. The findings contribute to the literature regarding how best to serve homeless, child welfare-involved families, and suggest the necessity for longer-term interventions and greater attention to non-housing-related needs.

Towards assisting developers in API usage by automated recovery of complex temporal patterns

Abstract Context Despite the many advantages, the use of external libraries through their APIs remains difficult because of the usage patterns and constraints that are hidden or not properly documented. Existing work provides different techniques to recover API usage patterns from client programs in order to help developers use those libraries. However, most of these techniques produce patterns that generally do not involve temporal properties. Objective In this paper, we discuss the problem of temporal usage patterns recovery and propose an algorithm to solve it. We also discuss how the obtained patterns can be used at different stages of client development. Method We address the recovery of temporal API usage patterns as an optimization problem and solve it using a genetic-programming algorithm. Results Our evaluation on different APIs shows that the proposed algorithm allows to derive non-trivial temporal usage that are useful and generalizable to new API clients. Conclusion Recovering API usage temporal patterns helps client developers to use APIs in an appropriate way. In addition to potentially improve productivity, such patterns also helps preventing errors that result from an incorrect use of the APIs.

A study on the effects of modified wheelchair skills program (WSP) for hemiplegic clients

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the modified WSP for improving wheelchair skills capacity, perceived satisfaction and performance in daily activities for hemiplegia patients in Korea. The modified WSP was tailored to better fit the environment and the treatment needs of hemiplegic patients in Korea. The resulting training procedure was augmented to help hemiplegic patients understand the basic mechanics of the wheelchair. To assess the efficacy of the modified WSP, 24 hemiplegic patients were selected as subjects and WST, COPM, K-MBI, and subjective opinion surveys were utilized. The results of the training showed significant improvement of WST, COPM, K-MBI scores in the experimental group and especially, the WST and COPM score showed statistically insignificant improvement compared to the control group. A modified WSP may prove effective for hemiplegic patients who exhibit low volition or are experiencing wheelchair use for the first time.

883. Evidence from a Multistate Cohort: Enrollment in Affordable Care Act Qualified Health Plans Results in Viral Suppression

BackgroundIn individual states, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has been associated with improved viral suppression (VS) rates for AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) clients or low-income people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aims to assess whether this association is consistent in multiple states (Nebraska, South Carolina, Virginia).MethodsThe multistate cohort included ADAP clients who were eligible for ADAP-funded Qualified Health Plans (QHPs). Data were collected from 2014 through 2015. A log-binomial model was used to estimate the association of demographics (age, race/ethnicity, sex, AIDS, rurality, HIV risk factor, previous VS) and healthcare delivery factors (income, previous ADAP plan, previous HIV care engagement) with QHP enrollment prevalence and 1-year risk of VS.ResultsFor the cohort (n = 7,800; 5% NE, 36% SC, 59% VA), 52% enrolled in ADAP-funded QHPs with enrollment ranging from 35% to 63% by state. Enrollment in ADAP-funded QHPs in 2015 was higher for those who had ADAP-funded QHPs in 2014 (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.21–3.35) and those who were engaged in care in 2014 (aPR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05–1.27), and it was lower for those with a rural residence (aPR 0.91; 95% CI 0.81–1.00). Of those who were consistently engaged in care (n = 4,597), as defined by one viral load in 2014 and one viral load in 2015 separated by at least 180 days, those who received medications from Direct ADAP had a VS rate of 80.2% and those with ADAP-funded QHPs had a VS rate of 86.0%. The number needed to enroll in ADAP-funded QHPs for an additional PLWH to achieve VS is 18. Those who achieved VS in 2014 (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.30–1.48) and those who enrolled in QHPs in 2015 (aRR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.13) were more likely to achieve/maintain VS.ConclusionAdditional efforts should be made to reach rural PLWH for QHP enrollment. State ADAPs, especially those in the South and those in states without Medicaid expansion, should consider investing in purchasing QHPs for PLWH because increased enrollment could improve VS rates. This evidence-based intervention could be a part of “Ending the HIV Epidemic.” Once ADAP clients are enrolled in ADAP-funded QHPs, they stay enrolled, and QHP enrollment is associated with VS across states and demographic groups.Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

Leveraging In-Home Supportive Services Programs to Engage People in Advance Care Planning: Input from Staff, Providers, and Client Stakeholders.

Background: In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS) cares for millions of Medicaid-eligible older adults who are often homebound and socially isolated. Advance care planning (ACP) can be challenging for this population, and IHSS programs may play an important role. Objective: To explore the feasibility of an IHSS ACP program for frail older adults. Design: Semistructured focus groups. Setting/Subjects: Fifty IHSS stakeholders (20 administrators, 9 case managers, 13 in-home caregivers, and 8 clients) participated in 10 focus groups in San Francisco. Measurements: Qualitative thematic content analysis by two independent coders. Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) Unmet needs: patients' wishes unknown during a medical crisis, lack of education/training for clients and staff; (2) Barriers: conflict of interest and potential medical overreach of IHSS caregivers, lack of billing avenues, time limitations, and cultural, literacy, and language barriers; (3) Facilitators: leveraging established workflows, available technology, and training programs; and (4) Implementation: use a tailored, optional approach based on clients' readiness, focus on case managers not caregivers to prevent conflict of interest; use established intake, follow-up, and training procedures; consider cultural and literacy-appropriate messaging; and standardize easy-to-use procedures, simple scripts, and educational guides, within established workflow to support case managers. Conclusions: An IHSS ACP program is important and feasible for Medicaid-eligible, frail older adults. Implementation suggestions for success by IHSS stakeholders include focusing on case managers rather than in-home caregivers to prevent conflict of interest; tailoring programs to clients' readiness, literacy, and language; creating educational programs for IHSS staff, clients, and community; and standardizing easy-to-use guides and procedures into IHSS workflows.

The City of Brockton's "Champion Plan": The Role of Police Departments in Facilitating Access to Treatment.

The City of Brockton (Massachusetts) initiated The Champion Plan (TCP) in February 2016 as part of a community-wide effort to redefine the public safety sector's approach to policing the drug crisis. TCP program model allows those suffering from addiction to walk into a police station and ask for treatment. Early evidence suggests substantial successes for this approach to addressing addiction. Data show 523 individuals walked into the Brockton Police Department 818 times looking for help during the first 24 months of operation. Program staff were able to secure placement beds, on average, within 90 minutes of making contact with clients. Program clients report high levels of satisfaction with the program model, and early data indicate that a substantial number of clients retain engagement with services beyond intake. Findings from this study indicate police-centered treatment-on-demand programs may be viable strategies for getting those suffering from the disease of addiction into treatment.

Watch out for this commit! A study of influential software changes

AbstractOne single code change can significantly influence a wide range of software systems and their users. For example, (a) adding a new feature can spread defects in several modules, while (b) changing an API method can improve the performance of all client programs. Unfortunately, developers often may not clearly know whether code changes are influential at commit time. This paper investigates influential software changes and proposes an approach to identify them immediately when they are applied. Our goals are to (a) identify existing influential changes (ICs) in software projects, (b) understand their characteristics, and (c) build a classification model of ICs to help developers find and address them early. We first conduct a post‐mortem analysis to discover existing influential changes by using intuitions (eg, changes referred by other changes). Then, we re‐categorize all identified changes through an open‐card sorting process. Subsequently, we conduct a survey with about 100 developers to finalize a taxonomy. Finally, from our ground truth, we extract features, including metrics such as the complexity of changes and file centrality in co‐change graphs to build machine learning classifiers. The experiment results show that our classification model with random samples achieves 86.8% precision, 74% recall, and 80.4% F‐measure, respectively.

Relationships between Occupational Therapy Practitioner Characteristics and Home Exercise Program Prescription for Clients with Neurological Injuries

There are no guidelines for the prescription of home exercise programs (HEPs) for clients with neurological injuries. However, 95% of occupational therapy practitioners prescribe HEPs. Two thousand anonymous surveys were distributed to occupational therapy practitioners. Data from the 352 returned, usable surveys were analyzed to determine trends in HEP prescription across practice settings and provider demographics. Occupational therapy practitioners in community-based settings tended to use more functional activities and the number of years in practice did not influence HEP dosage. These findings suggest a need for clear guidelines for varying practice settings to guide HEP prescription.

Prospects for cooperation between the financial corporation and companies, working in the field of digital technologies

The problems, associated with the development of new digital technologies, which, in turn, have an impact on the activities of large financial institutions of the Russian Federation, have been examined in the article. The aim of the study is to analyze the current situation in the economy, related to the growth of the market for digital products, their integration into the existing model of providing financial services to clients, as well as finding solutions to the joint activities of financial corporations and financial and technological companies. The definitions and main activities of financial corporations and fintech startups have been given in the article. The advantages and disadvantages of a large financial corporation and developing companies, operating in the field of digital technologies, as well as the positive results of combining their resources, have been highlighted. Positive examples of world experience in cooperation between the two types of these organizations and the attitude of the main regulator of the Central Bank of Russia to the development and implementation of financial technologies in the country’s economy have been adduced.The problems and opportunities of high competition in the struggle for the modern consumer, which lead to the rapid development of the entire financial industry market, have been analyzed. The results of the study have showed, that every day, worldwide, fintech companies test a significant number of digital products, various open architecture tools, methods of transferring information through blockchain technologies, and optimize and integrate into the existing systems new client base programs, that completely change the main business processes of large enterprises and have a significant impact on the main consumer - a person. This indicates the need for further research aimed at studying and analyzing the integration of financial corporations with technology companies, changing the existing business model, finding new approaches to the modern consumer and creating a new organization development strategy in the digital economy of the country.

A Security Model for Web-Based Fuzzy-Logic Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive

A web-based fuzzy-logic direct torque control of induction motor (IM) simulation program in a distributed client/server architecture and its implementation steps are discussed in this paper. The client program is a web page developed in java software, which accesses remotely simulated IM dynamics program by executing it in the server through the internet. The proposed IM simulation program offers a convenient remotely accessible which can work on any computer platform and simulation environment, implemented in a distributed client/server architecture, for a standalone motor simulation programs. This architecture has two major parts: graphical user interface (GUI) program in the client side and simulation engine in the server side. In the client side, the GUI program is developed in java software typically run in any computer platforms in client, allowing us to access the simulation program in the server using any browser and to send the data’s to the server, and to retrieve/exhibit the outputs from the server using different sets of parameters and configurations.

Prevalence of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) use among clients in primary and private Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program in Kuantan, Malaysia

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) is becoming prevalent among clients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program. This study aims to determine the prevalence of, and reasons for, ATS use among clients enrolled in MMT programs in Kuantan, Malaysia.Method: A total of 237 regular methadone users with current ATS use history were recruited from two MMT settings (primary and private facilities) for this cross-sectional study.Results: Most of the subjects were male (97%, n = 230/237), majority Malays (96%, n = 228/237). The mean age of respondents was 37.7 years (SD = 8.5), and their mean methadone dose was 52.8mg/daily. Our results showed that ATS was commonly used for increasing energy, heighten euphoria, reduce methadone dependence and its side-effects, overcome psychological problems, and as a sex stimulant. The commonly used ATS over the last 30 days during treatment were amphetamine (79%, n = 188/237), methamphetamine (64%, n = 151/237), and opiate (37%, n = 88/237). Results from Chi-square analysis showed clients in private MMT program have higher odds of using opiates (OR: 4.1: 2.37–7.27; p < .0001), and methamphetamine (OR: 1.10: 1.15–3.44; p < .013) in the last 30 days than clients in the primary MMT program.Conclusion: Our findings indicate the high prevalence of ATS use among MMT clients.

Sociodemographic Profiles and Clinical Outcomes for Clients on Methadone Maintenance Treatment in a Western Canadian Clinic: Implications for Practice.

Clients on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have high attrition rates that are attributed to personal and system-related factors. To develop supportive interventions for these clients, it is imperative to understand social demographic characteristics and challenges that clients in the MMT program face. This article aims to describe (a) the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical profiles of clients in a MMT program, (b) factors that impact their positive clinical outcomes, and (c) the study's implications for practice. A retrospective review of 101 randomly selected electronic medical records representing one third of all the records were examined for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze these variables. Interviews with 18 healthcare providers focusing on their experiences of caring for clients in the MMT program were analyzed thematically. The average age of clients on MMT is 35.5 years. Clients had early exposure to alcohol and drugs, and at the time of enrollment to the program, they presented with complex healthcare needs, borne from chronic use, and exposure to adverse traumatic events. Personal and systemic factors impact clients' recovery. These include poverty, homelessness, and inadequate healthcare services. Understanding sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and clients' challenges is central to the development of supportive interventions that enhance retention to care and recovery.