Prognostic Value Of C-reactive Protein Research Articles

Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in dogs with elevated serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations.

To determine the prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs with pancreatitis. 503 client-owned animals with pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) > 600 µg/L. Routine submissions to the Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory were monitored for canine samples with PLI > 600 µg/L. Clinics were emailed 2 weeks after PLI measurement and asked the following questions: (1) was the dog hospitalized, and (2) is the patient alive? If a response was received, serum CRP concentration was measured using leftover serum. Paired PLI and CRP results were available for 503 dogs. Median PLI was 984 µg/L (range, 603 to 2,001 µg/L); median CRP was 9.9 mg/L (range, 9.9 to 395.3 mg/L; ref: < 10 mg/L). Inpatient care was provided to 136 dogs (27.0%); 49 dogs (9.7%) died or were euthanized. Median PLI values for dogs that died versus survived were similar. Median CRP was higher in hospitalized dogs (36.1 vs 9.9 mg/L; P < .0001) and those that died (37.2 vs 9.9 mg/L; P < .0001). Compared to dogs with CRP < 10 mg/L, those with CRP > 10 mg/L were 5.3 times more likely to die (CI, 2.7 to 10.2) and 5.7 times (CI, 3.7 to 8.7) more likely to be hospitalized. In dogs with PLI > 600 µg/L, CRP > 10 mg/L was associated with increased risk of hospitalization or death. This biomarker may provide prognostic information in dogs with evidence of pancreatitis and guide decisions regarding hospitalization or referral.

Evaluation of C-reactive protein and its prognostic relationship in patients with Hodgkin's Lymphoma

ObjectivesTo assess the prognostic value of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), at diagnosis and during follow-up, of patients with Hodgkin´s Lymphoma treated at the Hematology Service of the Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital, and to correlate serum CRP levels with disease stage and treatment response. MethodsA retrospective study involving review of 71 medical records of patients diagnosed with Hodgkin´s Lymphoma between February 2012 and January 2016 was performed. Three patients were subsequently excluded, giving a total of 68 patients for analysis. A level of CRP > 1 mg/dl was considered elevated. ResultsPatients were predominantly male (61.8 %) and mean age was 34 years. Fifty-three (78 %) patients had advanced stage and (76.5 %) had B symptoms. Elevated baseline CRP was associated with greater likelihood of B symptoms (p = 0.02) and of advanced stage (p = 0.015). Patients with Low CRP level after 5th and 6th cycles of chemotherapy was associated with complete response (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Treatment-refractory patients had greater risk of death (p = 0.002). ConclusionCRP is clinically important for follow-up of patients with Hodgkin´s Lymphoma, where high levels were associated with advanced disease and/or presence of B symptoms. CRP level was considered a predictor of treatment response. Persistence of high CRP values during treatment was associated with refractoriness.

Prognostic impact of inflammation in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

Abstract Background The prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is worse than that of the general population. Nevertheless, the predictors for a worse outcome in patients with MINOCA are not fully determined. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in MINOCA patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of 706 consecutively admitted patients due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in whom coronary angiography revealed absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (≥50% stenosis). CRP levels were measured at admission. Demographic characteristics, symptoms at presentation, past medical history, laboratory characteristics and medication at discharge were examined. The primary endpoint analysed was all-cause mortality at 5 years. Possible predictors of the endpoint were assessed by Cox regression models. When statistically significant values were found in univariable analysis, multivariate analysis was used to determine whether CRP was an independent predictor of the outcome. Results In the studied sample, 55% of the patients were male. Median age was 64 [interquartile range (IQR) 55–72] and median body mass index was 27.3 kg/m2 (IQR 24.6-30.1). Regarding past medical history, 76.5% were hypertensive, 77.8% were dyslipidemic, 12.6% were smokers, 37.4% were diabetic and 59.3% had a previous history of angina. At presentation, 94.8% were in Killip 1, 3.8% were in Killip 2, 1% were in Killip 3 and 0.4% were in Killip 4. At admission, median CRP was 0.38 mg/dL (IQR 0.14-0.81), median Troponin I was 0.09 ng/ml (IQR 0.04-1.65), median creatinine was 0.85 mg/dL (IQR 0.73-1), median low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 121.5 mg/dL (IQR 97.5-146), median haemoglobin was 13.6 g/dL (IQR 12.5-14.6) and median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 58% (IQR 50-60). At discharge, 74.2% had a beta-blocker prescribed, 88.4% had a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASi) prescribed, 98.2% had a statin prescribed and 76.5% had aspirin prescribed. All-cause mortality at 5 years was 8.5%. In univariable analysis, CRP was significantly associated with the endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.138 per 1 mg/dL increase, 95% CI 1.090–1.188, p&amp;lt;0.001], as was age, diabetes, Killip class, troponin I, creatinine, LDL-C, haemoglobin, LVEF and absence of prescription of RASi. In multivariate analysis, CRP remained significantly associated with the endpoint (HR 1.141, 95% CI 1.087–1.199, p&amp;lt;0.001), as did age, creatinine and absence of prescription of RASi. Conclusions CRP at admission seems to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality at the 5-year mark. This could indicate that inflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of MINOCA patients. It would be interesting to investigate if targeting inflammation would improve the long-term prognosis of these patients.

Abstract 17301: C-Reactive Protein and Long-Term Risk of Death in Patients With Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: The long-term prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. Purpose: To assess the association between the first CRP measured during hospitalization and long-term mortality in patients with MI. Methods: Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients with a first diagnosis of MI from 2012 through 2020 who underwent a CRP measurement during index hospitalization. The primary outcome was death from any cause. The association between CRP levels and death was examined stratifying the patients into quartiles of CRP concentrations. Absolute and relative risks (RR) for death at days 0-30 and 31-365 were calculated through multivariable Cox regression with average treatment effect modeling. Models were standardized for demographic and clinical features, including high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn). Results: We included 36,021 patients with MI and a CRP measurement within 24 hours before or after the time of admission. Median age was 69.7 years and 35.2 % were women. Median CRP in the entire cohort was 4.9 mg/l, and quartile (Q) intervals were: Q1: &lt;3 mg/l, Q2: 3 to &lt;5 mg/l, Q3: 5 to &lt;17 mg/l, and Q4: &gt;=17 mg/l. CRP was significantly and nonlinearly associated with the primary outcome (p&lt;0.001). At 0-30 days, 2694 patients had died, and another 2566 had died between days 31-365. Figure 1 shows the Kaplan Meier curves. The standardized absolute risk of death at both 0-30 and 31-365 days was lowest among patients in Q1 (0-30 days: 4.1%, 31-365 days: 4.8%) and highest among patients in Q4 (0-30 days: 12.1%, 31-365 days: 10.6%). The standardized RR of death compared with Q1 were: 0-30 days 1.01 (95% CI 0.84;1.71), 1.45 (1.26;1.63) and 2.96 (2.61;3.29) in Q2, Q3 and Q4 and at days 31-365, the RR were 1.18 (1.02;1.34), 1.61 (1.42;1.79) and 2.19 (1.95;2.42), respectively. Conclusion: In patients with MI, higher CRP levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of death, independently of hsTn concentrations.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a potential prognostic factor in metastatic bone disease (MBD) of proximal femur based on Harris hip score (HHS) underwent cephalomedullary nailing and bipolar hemiarthroplasty

Introduction: Pathological fractures in the proximal femur are common, often caused by metastatic bone disease (MBD). Treatment options include resection, reconstruction, or fixation. This study explores the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the Harris Hip Score (HHS) for patients with pathological fractures due to MBD. Methods: Forty patients with pathological fractures were divided into cephalomedullary nail (CM) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) groups. CRP and LDH levels were measured. The correlation between CRP, LDH, and HHS was assessed using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation. Multiple linear regression was used to predict HHS from CRP and LDH. Results: The mean age of patients was 59 years, with 95% having poor HHS. CRP and LDH levels were significantly correlated with HHS (CRP: r = -0.47, p = 0.002; LDH: r = 0.59, p &lt;0.001). Multiple linear regression showed CRP and LDH as predictors of HHS (R² = 0.36, p &lt; 0.001), with the fitted model: "HHS = 95.76 - 0.317*(CRP) - 0.232*(LDH)". Elevated CRP and LDH levels indicate ongoing inflammation and cellular stress, potentially hindering recovery and impacting HHS. CRP's association with adverse prognoses in various cancers is highlighted. LDH's role in cellular stress and metabolism is emphasized. Combining CRP and LDH evaluations enhances the prognostic assessment of MBD and HHS outcomes. Conclusion: CRP and LDH levels significantly correlate with HHS in patients with MBD-related pathological fractures. Higher levels of CRP and LDH indicate worse functional outcomes. Evaluating these biomarkers aids in assessing disease severity and treatment effectiveness, assisting in informed clinical decisions. This study sheds light on the prognostic potential of CRP and LDH in the context of metastatic bone disease and its impact on hip function and recovery.

C-reactive protein and procalcitonin during course of sepsis and septic shock

ObjectiveThe study investigates the diagnostic and prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with sepsis and septic shock.BackgroundLimited data regarding the prognostic value of CRP and PCT during the course of sepsis or septic shock is available.MethodsConsecutive patients with sepsis and septic shock from 2019 to 2021 were included monocentrically. Blood samples were retrieved from the day of disease onset (day 1), day 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Firstly, the diagnostic value of CRP and PCT for the diagnosis of a septic shock, as well as for the discrimination of positive blood cultures, was tested. Secondly, the prognostic value of the CRP and PCT was tested for 30-day all-cause mortality. Statistical analyses included univariable t-tests, Spearman’s correlations, C-statistics, and Kaplan–Meier analyses.ResultsA total of 349 patients were included, of which 56% had a sepsis and 44% a septic shock on day 1. The overall rate of all-cause mortality at 30 days was 52%. With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.861 on day 7 and 0.833 on day 10, the PCT revealed a superior AUC than the CRP (AUC 0.440–0.652) with regard to the discrimination between patients with sepsis and septic shock. In contrast, the prognostic AUCs for 30-day all-cause mortality were poor. Both higher CRP (HR = 0.999; 95% CI 0.998–1.001; p = 0.203) and PCT levels (HR = 0.998; 95% CI 0.993–1.003; p = 0.500) were not associated with the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality. During the first 10 days of ICU treatment, both CRP and PCT declined irrespective of clinical improvement or impairment.ConclusionPCT was a reliable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of septic shock compared to CRP. Both CRP and PCT were shown to have poor predictive value with regard to 30-day all-cause mortality and were not associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in patients admitted with sepsis or septic shock.

Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Simplified Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity in Northern Ethiopia.

To evaluate the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting severe COVID-19 patients. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted from July 15 to October 28, 2020, at Kuyha COVID-19 isolation and treatment center hospital, Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. A total of 670 blood samples were collected serially. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs and CRP concentration was determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus (Roche). Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, COVID-19 patients had significantly elevated CRP at baseline when compared to PCR-negative controls [median 11.1 (IQR: 2.0-127.8) mg/L vs 0.9 (IQR: 0.5-1.9) mg/L; p=0.0004)]. Those with severe COVID-19 clinical presentation had significantly higher median CRP levels compared to those with non-severe cases [166.1 (IQR: 48.6-332.5) mg/L vs 2.4 (IQR: 1.2-7.6) mg/L; p<0.00001)]. Moreover, COVID-19 patients exhibited higher median CRP levels at baseline [58 (IQR: 2.0-127.8) mg/L] that decreased significantly to 2.4 (IQR: 1.4-3.9) mg/L after 40 days after symptom onset (p<0.0001). Performance of CRP levels determined using ROC analysis distinguished severe from non-severe COVID-19 patients, with an AUC value of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.91; p=0.001; 77.4% sensitivity and 89.4% specificity). In multivariable analysis, CRP levels above 30 mg/L were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 for those who have higher ages and comorbidities (ARR 3.99, 95% CI: 1.35-11.82; p=0.013). CRP was found to be an independent determinant factor for severe COVID-19 patients. Therefore, CRP levels in COVID-19 patients in African settings may provide a simple, prompt, and inexpensive assessment of the severity status at baseline and monitoring of treatment outcomes.

Expression and prognostic value of C-reactive protein in adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of C-reactive protein (CRP) on the prognosis of adult patients with Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). A retrospective study of 628 adult ITP patients, as well as 100 healthy and 100 infected patients, attending the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2017 to June 2022 was performed. The ITP patients were grouped according to their CRP levels, and the differences in clinical characteristics of each group and the influencing factors of efficacy in newly diagnosed ITP patients were analyzed. CRP levels were significantly higher in the ITP and infected groups compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001), and platelet counts were significantly lower in the ITP group (P < 0.001). Between the CRP normal and elevated group, their age, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count, complement C3 and C4, PAIgG, bleeding score, proportion of severe ITP, and proportion of refractory ITP were significantly different (P < 0.05). Patients of severe ITP (P < 0.001), refractory ITP (P = 0.002), and with active bleeding (P < 0.001) had significantly higher CRP levels. Patients with no response after treatment had significantly higher CRP levels than those who achieved CR or R (P < 0.001). Platelet counts (r = - 0.261, P < 0.001) in newly diagnosed ITP patients and treatment outcomes (r = - 0.221, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with CRP levels, and bleeding score was positively correlated with CRP levels (r = 0.207, P < 0.001). Treatment outcome was positively correlated with decrease in CRP levels (r = 0.313, P = 0.027). A multifactorial regression analysis of the influencing factors of treatment outcomes on newly diagnosed patients found that CRP was an independent risk factor of the prognosis (P = 0.011). In conclusion, CRP can help assess the severity and predict the prognosis of ITP patients.

Prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for mortality in acute kidney injury

BackgroundInflammation plays an important role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there are few studies exploring the prognostic influence of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) among AKI patients. In this study, we investigated whether CAR could be a useful marker to predict the mortality of AKI.MethodsA total of 358 AKI patients were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database. C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin were measured at ICU admission. The clinical outcome was 365-day mortality. Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between CAR and outcome.ResultsCompared with patients in the survival group, nonsurvivors had higher CAR levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CAR was higher than that of CRP and albumin for mortality (0.64 vs. 0.63, 0.59, respectively). The cut-off point of CAR for mortality was 7.23. In Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis, CAR (hazards ratio (HR) =2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.47-2.85, p < 0.001 for higher CAR) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (HR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00-1.03, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of 365-day mortality.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that a higher level of CAR was associated with 365-day mortality in AKI patients.

Retrospective Study to Examine Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Surgically Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundThis study evaluated the association between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and clinical outcomes among adults treated with surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the US. Materials and MethodsAdults with NSCLC who underwent lung cancer surgery and had ≥1 CRP measurement prior to, or >1 month following, index surgery were identified in the Optum Clinformatics claims database. The association between elevated CRP (>10 mg/L) and risk of NSCLC recurrence/death was assessed separately during the 6 months before surgery (pre surgery cohort) and 2 years following surgery (post-surgery cohort) using multivariate regressions and Kaplan-Meier analysis. ResultsAfter adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics among patients in the pre surgery cohort with index surgery between 2016 to 2020 (n = 104), the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for NSCLC recurrence between elevated vs. non-elevated CRP was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03-4.60; P = .04). In the post surgery cohort (n = 264), the adjusted IRR for disease recurrence (elevated vs. non-elevated CRP) was 2.22 (95% CI=1.05-4.70; P = .04). In the pre surgery cohort, the odds of death were nearly two-fold (odds ratio [OR]=1.91; 95% CI=1.06-3.42; P = .03) among patients with elevated CRP. In the post surgery cohort, the OR was 1.62 (95% CI=0.88-2.97; P = .12). Among those with persistently elevated CRP prior to surgery, there was a significant overall trend of increased CRP over the 5-year period. ConclusionThese results support the association between elevated CRP and a higher risk of NSCLC recurrence/death in pre- and postsurgery cohorts. This study may shed lights on inflammation-suppressing treatments in patients with NSCLC.

The prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a less invasive and safe therapeutic alternative in patients who are at very high surgical risk or in whom there are contraindications to open surgery. On the other hand, allocating transcatheter therapy to the adequate candidates and identifying a reliable and validated risk stratification tool for mortality prediction is still lacking. The C-reactive (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) is a novel inflammation-based prognostic tool and it is strongly associated with inflammation severity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the predictive significance of CAR for mortality in patients who underwent TAVI. Methods The records of 321 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI due to symptomatic aortic stenosis between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020 were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the CAR values. For each group, all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality occurring >72 h after the index procedure and at maximum follow-up was documented. Results The mean follow-up time was 40 (22–63) months. A total of 180 (56.1%) patients died during long-term follow-up. According to our study, median CAR values were significantly higher among patients who died during follow-ups compared to survivors [1.13 (0.69–2.21) vs 3.56 (1.53–10.00), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Our data showed that CAR is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients undergoing TAVI due to symptomatic aortic stenosis.

The Prognostic Value of Pre-Treatment Circulating Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation (CRP, dNLR, YKL-40, and IL-6) in Vulnerable Older Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy-The Randomized NORDIC9-Study.

Appropriate patient selection for palliative chemotherapy is crucial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), Interleukin (IL)-6, and YKL-40 on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the NORDIC9 cohort. The randomized NORDIC9-study included patients ≥70 years with mCRC not candidates for standard full-dose combination chemotherapy. Participants received either full-dose S1 (Teysuno) or a dose-reduced S1 plus oxaliplatin. Blood samples were collected at baseline and biomarkers were dichotomized according to standard cut-offs. Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, ECOG performance status, and treatment allocation; furthermore, C-statistics were estimated. In total, 160 patients with a median age of 78 years (IQR: 76–81) were included between 2015 and 2017. All investigated biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with either weight loss, ≥3 metastatic sites, or primary tumor in situ. In multivariable analyses, all markers showed significant association with OS; the highest HR was observed for CRP (HR = 3.40, 95%CI: 2.20–5.26, p < 0.001). Regarding PFS, statistically significant differences were found for CRP and IL-6, but not for dNLR and YKL-40. Applying C-statistics, CRP indicated a good prognostic model for OS (AUC = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.67–0.76). CRP is an easily available biomarker, which may support therapeutic decision-making in vulnerable older patients with mCRC.

Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Albumin in Neurocritically Ill Patients with Acute Stroke.

We evaluated the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, CRP clearance (CRPc) and CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) in neurocritically ill patients with acute stroke. This is a retrospective, observational study. We included acute stroke patients who were hospitalized in the neurosurgical ICU from January 2013 to September 2019. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. A total of 307 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 267 (87.0%) survived until discharge from the hospital. CRP and CAR were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (both p < 0.001). Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the non-survivors than in the survivors (p < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for prediction of in-hospital mortality, the area under the curve of CRP (C-statistic: 0.820) and CAR (C-statistic: 0.824) were greater than that of CRPc (C-statistic: 0.650) and albumin (C-statistic: 0.734) (all p < 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in the predictive performance between CRP and CAR (p = 0.287). In this study, CRP and CAR were more important than CRPc and albumin in predicting mortality of neurocritically ill patients with stroke. Early CRP level and CAR determination may help to predict the in-hospital mortality of these patients.

The C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Transarterial Chemoembolization: A Large Cohort Study.

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after transcatheter chemoembolization (TACE). Totally, 958 HCC patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B were incorporated into the secondary analysis. X-Tile software was applied to determine the optimal cutoff point for CAR, and the total patients were divided into two groups. Cox proportional hazard regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate the relationship between CAR and overall survival (OS). Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic role of CAR in subgroups of major confounding factors, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), diameter of the main tumor, Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and modified GPS (mGPS). The optimal cutoff level for the CAR was 0.06. There was a direct correlation between an elevated CAR (≥ 0.06) and shorter OS after adjustment (HR:1.580; 95%CI:1.193-2.092). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed a significant difference in OS curves between the two groups (P < 0.001). CAR showed the distinct value of prognostic stratification in most subgroups, especially in the subgroup of GPS-0 (HR:1.966; 95%CI:1.453-2.660), mGPS-0 (HR:1.984; 95%CI:1.509-2.608) and AFP ≤ 400ng/ml (HR:1.925; 95%CI:1.393-2.659). The CAR was one of the prognostic factors for HCC patients undergoing TACE treatment. CAR could also provide further prognostic stratification for HCC patients who appear to have a good prognosis, such as patients with AFP-negative, GPS-0 or mGPS-0 to identify patients at a higher risk of death for closer follow-up or more aggressive treatment. Level 3, Cohort Study.

Retrospective study to examine prognostic value of c-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e20569 Background: This study evaluated the association between baseline elevated CRP and lung cancer outcomes among adults with NSCLC who underwent surgery in the US. Methods: Optum Clinformatics Data Mart in the US (01/2007-09/2020) was used to identify adults with NSCLC who underwent lung cancer surgery and had at least 1 CRP measurement prior to or &gt; 1 month following the index surgery. Baseline CRP levels were defined as the CRP closest to the index surgery in the pre-surgery cohort, and the CRP at least 1-month after in the post-surgery cohort. The association between elevated CRP (&gt; 10 mg/L) and rate of NSCLC recurrence/risk of death was assessed separately for pre-surgery and post-surgery cohorts using multivariate regressions. The overall trend in CRP measurements over a 5-year period was examined using trend tests among those with persistently elevated CRP. Results: For adults in the pre-surgery cohort who had index lung cancer surgery between 2016-2020 (N = 104), after adjusting for age, sex, National Cancer Institute comorbidity, autoimmune disease, peripheral vascular disease, and smoking status, the adjusted-incidence rate ratio (IRR) for NSCLC recurrence was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 4.60; p &lt; 0.05) among patients with elevated CRP compared with non-elevated CRP. A similar IRR (2.22 [95% CI: 1.05, 4.70]; p &lt; 0.05) was observed among the 264 patients in the post-surgery cohort. Among the 234 patients in the pre-surgery cohort, there was a near two-fold increase in the risk of all-cause death associated with the elevated than the non-elevated CRP groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.06, 3.42]; p &lt; 0.05), and there was a numerically increased risk associated with elevated baseline CRP for the post-surgery cohort (OR: 1.62 [95% CI: 0.88, 2.97]; p = 0.12). Among those with persistently elevated CRP prior to surgery, we observed a significant overall trend of increased CRP levels over the 5-year period. Conclusions: Using real world data in the US, results suggest that an elevated CRP at baseline is associated with a higher risk of NSCLC recurrence and mortality, for both pre- and post-surgery cohorts. An increasing trend of CRP level within 5 years prior to lung cancer surgery indicates the correlation of CRP (as a marker of inflammation) with tumor development. This study adds to a growing body of literature and may shed light into oncology treatments aimed at suppressing tumor-promoting inflammation.

Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio in Coronavirus Disease 19

The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a cause of severe infection in a considerable percentage of infected persons. Predicting the risk factors for severe disease can greatly help manage critical cases and save lives. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study enrolled 160 confirmed cases with COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Demographic data (age, gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI)) and comorbidity were collected through direct interviews. Laboratory investigations, including total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count, serum level of C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin, were obtained from the patient's records. The platelets-lymphocyte ratio was calculated by dividing absolute platelet count by absolute lymphocyte count. According to their outcome, patients were categorized into two groups: those discharged well and those who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Out of 160 included patients, 32 (20%) needed ICU admission due to the deterioration of their status. Age (64.28±13.08 years versus 57.43±13.15 years), hypertension (40.63% versus 20.31%) absolute neutrophil count (median = 12.9×103/ml, range 3.83-22.8×103/ml versus median=6×103/ml, range 2.17-22.8×103/ml) and PLR ((median= 257.27, range= 62.72-1072 versus median= 191.54, range= 17.85-919.12) were significantly higher in patients required ICU admission than those discharged well, and associated significantly with the severity of the disease. Advanced age, hypertension, neutrophilia, and PLR at admission are predictors of severity and need for ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. PLR is an inexpensive, easy-to-be-calculated parameter that can be used routinely to predict the severity of COVID-19. Keywords. COVID-19, intensive care unit, platelet-lymphocyte ratio

A Novel Marker Indicating Restenosis in Superficial Femoral Artery: C Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) for predicting restenosis in superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions and its association with subsequent clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular intervention. The records of 685 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular intervention due to symptomatic peripheral artery disease were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups, based on the CAR values. For each group, technical aspects of procedures and subsequent clinical outcomes were analyzed. According to our study, patients with high CAR values had higher rates of restenosis (30.2% vs. 10.3%, P<0.05) and mortality (31.3% vs. 12.9%, P<0.05). The rate of lower extremity amputations was also significantly higher in patients with high CAR values compared to those with low CAR values (9.1% vs. 3%, P<0.05). With respect to Receiver operating characteristic ROC curves of inflammatory markers, the area under the curve (AUC) value of CAR was statistically significant (AUC: 0.659; 95% confidence interval CI:0.611-0.706; P<0.01). Our data showed that CAR is an independent predictor of restenosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular intervention.

A Review of CRP as a Biomarker of COVID-19

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID_19) is an emerging global health threat. The healthcare workers are facing challenges in reducing the severity and mortality across the world. Patients with severe form of COVID_19 are generally treated in the intensive care unit, while mild or non_severe patients are treated in the isolation ward or at home. It is important to identify early and give treatment to reduce the disease severity and improve the outcomes. There is no credible and convenient biomarker to predict the severity of the disease. Therefore, the exploration of biomarkers is deemed necessary. We aimed to review the diagnostic and early prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in COVID-19 patients. In a number of studies, CRP showed different distribution feature and differences existed in various ages, clinical types and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. The present study reviews the role of CRP level as a marker in indicating the severity of patients with COVID_19.&#x0D; Delta Med Col J. Jul 2020 8(1): 41-45

Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio (CLR) in Emergency Department Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

(1) Introduction: According to recent studies, the ratio of C-reactive-protein to lymphocyte is more sensitive and specific than other biomarkers associated to systemic inflammatory processes. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of CLR on COVID-19 severity and mortality at emergency department (ED) admission. (2) Methods: Between 1 March and 30 April 2020, we carried out a multicenter and retrospective study in six major hospitals of northeast France. The cohort was composed of patients hospitalized for a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe COVID-19. (3) Results: A total of 1,035 patients were included in this study. Factors associated with infection severity were the CLR (OR: 1.001, CI 95%: (1.000–1.002), p = 0.012), and the lymphocyte level (OR: 1.951, CI 95%: (1.024–3.717), p = 0.042). In multivariate analysis, the only biochemical factor significantly associated with mortality was lymphocyte rate (OR: 2.308, CI 95%: (1.286–4.141), p = 0.005). The best threshold of CLR to predict the severity of infection was 78.3 (sensitivity 79%; specificity 47%), and to predict mortality, was 159.5 (sensitivity 48%; specificity 70%). (4) Conclusion: The CLR at admission to the ED could be a helpful prognostic biomarker in the early screening and prediction of the severity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prognostic risk stratification of inflammatory markers related to c-reactive protein and albumin in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care

Rationale: The prognostic significance of systemic inflammation markers has been regarded as an outcome predictor in patients with advanced cancer. However, few studies have explored its prognostic role according to different thresholds. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, CRP/albumin ratio (CAR), and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) according to different thresholds in patients with cancer in palliative care.