Progetto Finalizzato Research Articles

Shaded relief magnetic anomaly map of Italy and surrounding marine areas

Magnetic observations made onshore the Italian Peninsula, and across the adjacent seas, have been compiled in a new digital database that provides the first complete regional scale view of the crustal scale magnetic anomalies of the region at sea level. The offshore data were acquired between 1965-1972 by the Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale (OGS) while the ground measurements were performed within the framework of the Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (PFG-CNR) between 1977 and 1981. The new shaded relief magnetic anomaly map of total intensity of the Earth's magnetic field for Italy and the surrounding seas has been produced at sea level, for the geomagnetic epoch 1979.0. The most remarkable result of this new map, with respect to the previous compilations and to the aeromagnetic map of Italy, is an unprecedented view of the magnetic signature of the major tectonic elements in their regional setting. There is good correlation between known structural geology and the magnetic anomalies, and now that the longer wavelength signatures have been corrected, deeper interpretations are possible.

The stone materials in the historical architecture of the ancient center of Sassari: distribution and state of conservation

As many other Italian towns, the historical center of Sassari was built using materials of prevailing local provenance. This is the reason why, following the program research of the Progetto Finalizzato “Beni Culturali”, the survey of materials constituting the buildings of the ancient city center of this town and of the decay typologies was carried out. All data were filed in a database and two thematic maps were also produced (materials/lithotypes, and weathering). On this basis and by means of a specific software, quantitative evaluations of lithotypes were obtained. The research evidenced that the use of different natural stones was conditioned by their availability and their different petro-physical features. Pedraforte (carbonatic conglomerate), showing better features but of limited availability, has been used for those portions of the buildings that needed better performances. Marly limestone and calcarenite are the most abundant materials. In particular, marly limestones, occurring in the immediate subsoil of the town, were widely used for plastered walls. Generally, all the surveyed materials display a poor state of conservation, except for those buildings recently restored. Almost all the weathering typologies have been recorded even though some of them are strictly correlated to a specific material. Pedraforte and ignimbrite are affected by alveolization whereas artificial patinae, erosion and granular disintegration have been mainly recorded for marly limestones and calcarenites. Oxalate patinae evidenced on Pedraforte in some buildings are possibly related to the use of organic matter for protective or even decorative purposes. A detailed study of the main façades of some relevant monuments contributed to a further understanding of the behavior of these materials whenever used as building stone and provided a useful tool for a correct restoration and conservation. The study also allowed to identify the exploitation areas of the main building materials used in the historical architecture of Sassari. Some of them are currently obliterated by recent building activity, and only few traces are still visible. This aspect evidences the importance of preserving the quarrying sites for their historical and cultural interest and, above all, for possible provisioning for restorations.

The coastal cultural heritage facing coastal management

This paper is concerned with the role of cultural heritage in coastal areas, including land belts and coastal marine waters in the prospect of operating sustainable development-aimed strategies. It is a part of the investigations carried out in the framework of the Progetto Finalizzato Beni Culturali (Special Project Safeguard of Cultural Heritage) convened by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR, the Italian National Research Council). Essentially, it aims at contributing to the discussion on how the mise-en-valeur of the coastal cultural heritage may be framed within integrated coastal management programmes. In this view, the discourse on the coastal cultural heritage runs along this pathway: (i) global (climatic) change and globalisation are assumed to be the key components of the external environment with which the coastal area interacts; (ii) the conceptual framework of coastal management, as it can be deduced by the background guidelines from Agenda 21 (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, UNCED), is considered; (iii) the legal framework, which the coastal area is characterised by, is taken into account by focusing on its implications on the management patterns. At this point, attention is concentrated on the role of cultural heritage in the framework of integrated coastal management approaches. It is considered, how this pivotal component of the coastal area has been dealt with bythe intergovernmental organisations. Special consideration is attributed to the European Code of Conduct for Coastal Management Zones, since it considers the ecological patrimony and cultural heritage as giving shape to a unique ethically-endowed reality, which materialised through landscapes and seascapes. The final step consists of the design of a tentative Code of Conduct for Coastal Cultural Heritage consisting of some background and operational principles.

Aftershocks hazard in Italy Part I: Estimation of time-magnitude distribution model parameters and computation of probabilities of occurrence

We analyzed the available instrumental data on Italian earthquakes from1960 to 1996 to compute the parameters of the time-magnitudedistribution model proposed by Reasenberg and Jones (1989) andcurrently used to make aftershock forecasting in California. From 1981 to1996 we used the recently released Catalogo Strumentale deiTerremoti `Italiani' (CSTI) (Instrumental Catalog Working Group, 2001)joining the data of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia(INGV) and of the Italian major local seismic network, with magnituderevalued according to Gasperini (2001). From 1960 to 1980 we usedinstead the Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica (PFG) catalog(Postpischl, 1985) with magnitude corrected to be homogeneous with thefollowing period. About 40 sequences are detected using two differentalgorithms and the results of the modeling for the corresponding ones arecompared. The average values of distribution parameters (p= 0.93±0.21, Log10(c) = –1.53±0.54, b = 0.96±0.18 and a = –1.66±0.72) are in fair agreementwith similar computations performed in other regions of the World. We alsoanalyzed the spatial variation of model parameters that can be used topredict the sequence behavior in the first days of future Italian seismic crisis,before a reliable modeling of the ongoing sequence is available. Moreoversome nomograms to expeditiously estimate probabilities and rates ofaftershock in Italy are also computed.

Sustainable development prospects for Italian coastal cultural heritage: a Ligurian case study

This paper aims to present preliminary key findings from an investigation conducted in the framework of the Progetto Finalizzato Beni Culturali (Special Project for Safeguarding Cultural Heritage), convened by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR—National Research Council). The investigations focused on the role of cultural heritage as a positive force in the operation of integrated coastal management programmes in ways consistent with the application of Agenda 21 in the Italian coastal zone (http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/agenda21.htm). The region of Liguria, in northwestern Italy facing the Ligurian Sea, has been taken as a case study because it is one of the richest Italian regions as regards cultural heritage and one of the most subject to human pressure. The initial phase of the research focused on the role of museums, with the aim of devising scenarios to integrate them optimally into coastal programmes and plans. It also considered a number of landscape and cultural characteristics of the region taking into account the influence exerted by the geographical distribution of these resources. The paper reports on this stage by reviewing planning and the role of coastal cultural heritage in Italy; exploring the Ligurian geographical context and its significance for the nature and distribution of cultural heritage resources; examining a discernable expansion of cultural heritage tourism within the region; sketching scenarios for encouraging this development based on museum-orientated itineraries; and identifying a range of obstacles confronting the successful creation of such itineraries. The ultimate aim of the work is the development of guidelines to be addressed to decision-making centres, and particularly to coastal regional authorities to ensure the optimum inclusion of cultural heritage in the framework of coastal management programmes and planning.

Coastal cultural heritage: a management tool

Two parallel processes have marked coastal realities in many parts of the world. The former process consisted in the design and the dissemination of integrated coastal management programmes and actions consistent with the prescriptions from Agenda 21, and from the relevant guidelines by inter-governmental and local organisations. The latter one consisted in the increasing importance that coastal cultural heritage has acquired either in the social perception of coastal reality, and in the prospects of driving coastal systems towards sustainable development. Hence, the need of framing the coastal cultural heritage into coastal management programmes, strategies and actions tailored to the principle of integration, which is the key word of the Agenda 21 approach, has come to the fore, and gained importance. To meet this need, the Guidelines for management of coastal cultural heritage, dealing with conceptual and methodological frameworks, and designing operational approaches were worked out for the use by decision-makers, managers and planners on the local scale. The Guidelines, which by now are available in the Italian language, have multimedia features and interactive properties, and are available in a CD-ROM format. They were devised in the framework of the Progetto Finalizzato Beni Culturali (Special Project for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage) convened by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (the Italian National Research Council). This paper aims at introducing their relevant background stimuli, their features, and their cardinal use criteria.

Survey of decay of tezone ‘105’: methodology for acquisition of data

Within the multidisciplinary study concerning one of the covered dockyards (called tezone 105) erected in the Arsenal of Venice, carried out by the ‘Target Venezia’ CNR Project, it will be presented here a preliminary work concerning the survey of decay11Survey of decay has been carried out by E. Danzi (with S. Franceschi and A. Lazzari) within the OU directed by V. Pastor.. This analysis is strictly connected with the other works carried out by the Operative Units of the ‘Target Venezia’, especially with the stratigraphical survey22Stratigraphical analysis has been carried out by R. Parenti. and the chemical and microstructural characterisation of mortars33Mortar characterisation has been carried out by two different OU: one directed by G. Biscontin (with E. Zendri and M. Pellizon Birelli) and the other directed by C. Sabbioni. and bricks44Brick characterisation has been carried out by L. Lazzarini.. First, the survey of decay has been based on the stratigraphical investigations of the tezone structure, which has allowed the classification of the different building phases over a long period (from the XVI until the first half of the XX century). Second, a computer aided methodology has been applied in order to make the research easier and to allow multiple queries either to know which kind of decay are present in every point of the surfaces and the global extension of each typology of degradation55Some results of this research have been anticipated in the proceedings in the print of the meeting “La scienza e l’arte”, Bressanone, 26-/2 – 1/3 2001: G. Biscontin, E. Danzi, M. Pellizon Birelli, E. Zendri, Arsenal of Venice: Progetto Finalizzato “Target Venezia”. Preliminary study on the survey of decay and historical mortars..

Strategies for the Venice Arsenale

The research on the Progetto Arsenale is being conducted by eleven operative units. The proposed concept/objective is the identification of relationships between environmental regimes, the system of buildings and the spaces in a manner congruent as much with the conservation of the architectural work as with the well-being of its habitability, i.e., the various ways in which large-scale urban architecture can be used. The research develops diagnostic procedures and advances models of intervention based on a number of sample buildings whose characteristics are representative of the entire body of the Arsenale. Intrinsic to the concept/objective is the study of a complex system allowing the identification of appropriate procedures of intervention and monitoring. This puts the interactive participation of many specialised disciplines to the test, and in this way satisfies one of the criteria of the Progetto Finalizzato Beni Culturali. To facilitate the work, the group of 11 operative units has set up a digital information centre, based on a three-dimensional representation of the Arsenale, for the exchange of data and for operative interaction. In February 2001 a partial ‘test workshop’ to discuss the Progetto Arsenale was held at the C.N.R. convention in Bressanone. This was followed by a public workshop held on the 30 May 2001 at the Venice C.N.R. Istituto di Studi delle Grandi Masse (Institute for the Study of Large Masses) with the participation of researchers, managers of culture and urban politics, at which the progress of the research was discussed. The proceedings of this workshop, presented here in a new format and with additional material, are the subject of this issue of the Journal of Cultural Heritage.

A Model for Buildings' Vulnerability Assessment Using the Parameterless Scale of Seismic Intensity (PSI)

After the earthquake of 1980 in Irpinia the Italian Government promoted a damage survey, with the cooperation of researchers of the “Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche PFG-CNR.” The data of the damage survey have been used in several studies during previous years, and in the present work they have been elaborated on with the aim of assessing a value of the seismic excitation in each administrative unit according to the Parameterless Scale of Seismic Intensity (PSI) (Spence et al., 1991). The PSI intensities are in good correlation with the values of the MSK scale: for each degree of the latter, the PSI intensity, a continuous variable, shows a spectrum of values. At the same time, a model for damage prediction has been identified, where the frequency of a damage degree in a territorial unit is a function of PSI. The proposed damage prediction model has been compared with the Damage Probability Matrix method and the range of variation of the losses evaluated in scenario analyses at the National Seismic Survey has been estimated.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a sample of the elderly population of the city of Catania

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing world-wide, even if it varies markedly in the geographical areas and populations investigated. This study is part of the Progetto Finalizzato Invecchiamento (Aging Project) of the Italian NCR (National Research Council) and is aimed at investigating the prevalence of diabetes and selected clinical characteristics in a study sample aged between 65 and 84 years of age resident in Catania (Italy). The prevalence rate for type II diabetes was 22.8% and it is certainly among the highest values recorded to date in other areas of Italy and abroad. We distinguished between two forms of diabetes in subjects >70 years of age: aged diabetes with onset in middle age (AD); and diabetes of senescence with onset after 70 years of age (DS). Prevalence rate was 18% for AD and 4.8% for DS, respectively. The age-specific rates of AD and DS show the progressive lower prevalence rates of the former and the higher rates of the latter. We assume that DS is mainly caused by atherosclerotic processes and represents the typical form of diabetes in the elderly.

A Project to Implement a Demand Responsive Transport Service (DRTS)

This paper presents a new project to implement a Demand Responsive Transport System (DRTS) in the city of Firenze, Italy, within the area of Campi Bisenzio. The project is operated by ATAF (Azienda dei Trasporti dell'Area di Firenze - Firenze Area Transit Company), within the framework of the Italian National Research Program on Transportation Systems (Progetto Finalizzato Trasporti 2) of the Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR) and of SAMPO (System for Advanced Monitoring of Public Transport Operations), an international project within the European Programme on Telematics Applications (DGXIII). In particular, the paper deals with the methodological aspects of the project, i.e., the general approach that has been devised to define the procedures according to which the system is operated.

First results of the Italian national program on superconducting MHD magnets technology

The paper illustrates the activities developed in the frame of the Progetto Finalizzato "Superconducting and Cryogenic Technologies: superconducting magnets for MHD". The main objectives of the research activities are: the design and the construction of a superconducting prototype magnet (2 m active length), and the reference design of a superconducting demonstrative magnet (8 m active length), both for MHD applications. The magnets are designed to produce a 5 T on axis field with 5% and 10% field uniformity in the cross section respectively, and with a field taper less than 0.15 T/m. The design and construction of high field superconducting magnets based on A15 materials is also developed. The study of commercial size MHD superconducting magnets (16 m active length), and the conceptual design of superconducting magnets for disk MHD generators are also included in the frame of the project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Recent volcanological researches on Vesuvius

vesuvius volcano is one of the most studied volcanoes in the world. The famous eruption of 79 A.D. was not fully appreciated, from a volcanological point of view, until the discovery and excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1700. Since that date, the fame of the volcano grew along with the interest for natural sciences, and Vesuvius became the volcano on which were tested the new theories on the Earth Sciences, because of its continuing activity and easy accessibility. Since 1944, the volcano entered into a stage of quiescence and, as a consequence, the interest of volcanologists and the funding for w~lcanological research slowly declined with time. This situation perdured until the beginning of the '70s. A new assessment of the relevance of the 79 A.D. eruption was made by Lirer et al. (1973). Dolfi and Trigila (1978) made a study on the role of water during the 1944 eruption. At the same time, new attention was paid to the possible effects of a re-awakening of the dormant giant. A leading role in this field was played by the Osservatorio Vesuviano, the volcanological observatory founded in 1841 and devoted to the surveillance of the Neapolitan volcanoes. The new researches funded by the National Council of Research of Italy ( CNR ) through the Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica had important consequences. The conference I vulcani attivi dell'area napoletana (The active volcanoes of the Neapolitan area), organized in 1977, was the first at tempt to recall the attention of local authorities to the problem of volcanic risk. The first maps ofw?lcanic hazards for lava flows and lahars (Scandone, 1977; Barberi et al., 1977) were presented during that meeting. The concerted effort of the Osservatorio Vesuviano, the University of Naples and the University of Pisa produced at the end of the seventies and beginning of the eighties relevant findings in the knowledge of the volcano. The works of Delibrias et al. ( 1979 ) and Carta et al. ( 1981 ) provided new insights into the volcanological history of Vesuvius both for the period 25,000present and 1631-1944. Sheridan et al. (1981) made a model of the possible role of magma-water interaction during the eruption of 79 A.D. Cortini and Hermes ( 1981 ) provided isotopic evidence of a multisource origin of the potassic magma of the volcano. Barberi and Leoni (1980) and Barberi et al. ( 1981 ) investigated the role of the magma chamber of Vesuvius during plinian eruptions. Scandone and Cortini (1982), Barberi e~ al. (1983), Sheridan and Malin (1983) made comprehensive reviews of the volcanic hazard of the volcano. Since the beginning of 1980 the number of papers on Vesuvius, published in international journals, grew exponentially. This phenomenon was the result of the continuing activity of the Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica and, since 1983, of the National Volcanological Group sponsored by the CNR. We cite only a few of the papers published during this period. Gasparini et al. ( 1981 ) made a thermal model of the magma chamber feeding plinian eruptions; Belkin et al. (1985), and Cortini el al.

Surface acoustic wave resonators

Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators are implemented by creating a planar resonant cavity, delimited by two distributed, rather than concentrated, mirrors, consisting of arrays of reflecting metal strips. SAW resonators permit to achieve higher frequencies than their bulk-wave acoustic counterparts with comparable spectral purity and very high Q, while, due to the planar nature, they result of small size and rugged construction. The basic SAW resonator operation, with emphasis on design parameters and device configuration, is presented. A complex simulation package for Computer-Aided Design of SAW resonators has been developed. Several resonators in the VHF-UHF frequency band have been designed and tested, exhibiting good agreement with the simulation forecast and state-of-the-art performances. This paper summarizes a three years work conducted under support of the Progetto Finaliz-zato MADESS, CNR.

Terminals and signal processing in atm networks

The paper presents the research topics of the «Progetto Finalizzato Telecomunicazio-ni» partially founded by CNR (National Council for Research) on the multi-media terminals, video broadcast terminal and HDTV (High Definition Television) signal processing. It describes the main features of a full ATM Workstation, of ISDN multiservice terminal and digital video broadcast codec connected to ATM node. It presents also the studies on HDTV by simulation of algorithm.

Evolving system architecture towards B-ISDN

The paper aims at describing a possible evolution strategy of a telecommunication network architecture which should provide users with a wide range of broadband services in a relatively short term. The discussion reflects the work carried out within the Italian «Progetto Finalizzato Telecomunicazioni» and it assumes, as starting points, the deployment of a digital network structure, together with the first introduction of the new Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment. On the basis of the mentioned hypotheses, the exploitation in the network of the SDH capabilities, the role of Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) and the issues related to the deployment of optical fibres in the distribution network are discussed with the target to provide a «grace-ful» evolution path towards the future ATM-based Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).

Product Inhibition Studies in Membrane Reactorsa

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 613, Issue 1 p. 279-289 Product Inhibition Studies in Membrane Reactorsa M. CANTARELLA, M. CANTARELLA Institute of Food-Chemical Engineering University of Salerno 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorL. CANTARELLA, L. CANTARELLA Department of Industrial Engineering University of Cassino 03043 Cassino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. GALLIFUOCO, A. GALLIFUOCO Department of Industrial Engineering University of Cassino 03043 Cassino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorF. ALFANI, F. ALFANI Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials University of L'Aquila 67040 L'Aquila, ItalySearch for more papers by this author M. CANTARELLA, M. CANTARELLA Institute of Food-Chemical Engineering University of Salerno 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorL. CANTARELLA, L. CANTARELLA Department of Industrial Engineering University of Cassino 03043 Cassino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. GALLIFUOCO, A. GALLIFUOCO Department of Industrial Engineering University of Cassino 03043 Cassino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorF. ALFANI, F. ALFANI Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials University of L'Aquila 67040 L'Aquila, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18169.xCitations: 2 a This study was supported by ENEA (Dipartimento FARE) Grant No. 405 and PFE-2 Progetto Finalizzato Energetica ENEA-CNR. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume613, Issue1Enzyme Engineering 10December 1990Pages 279-289 RelatedInformation

On the macroseismic magnitudes of the largest Italian earthquakes

The macroseismic magnitudes M T of the largest Italian earthquakes ( I 0 ⩾ VIII, MCS) have been computed by using the intensity magnitude relationships recently assessed by the authors (1986) for the Italian region. The Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica (PFG) catalog of the Italian earthquakes, covering the period 1000–1980 (Postpischl, 1985) is the source data base and is reproduced in the Appendix: here the estimated values of M T are given side by side with the catalog macroseismic magnitudes M K i.e. the magnitudes computed according to the Karnik laws (Karnik, 1969). The one-sigma errors Δ M T are also given for each earthquake. The basic aim of the paper is to provide a handy and useful tool to researchers involved in seismicity and seismic-risk studies on Italian territory.

Research in the Automotive Industry

Industrial research as a source of technological innovation has acquired a central role in companies in the 1980s. Large manufacturing companies have been developing research systems made of structures co-ordinated with and complementary to one another, in an effort to achieve a rapid and proper flow of innovation. This paper discusses the research system of the Fiat Group, with special attention being paid to the inter-disciplinary, integrated research project developed by the Fiat Research Centre in co-operation with the ‘Progetto Finalizzato Trasporti’ drawn up by Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR). Such a project implies the design and development of a research car aimed at becoming a reference for future projects for the energy saving cars to be produced in the 1990s.

DATAID-1: A database design methodology

DATAID-1 is a database design methodology developed as part of the DATAID project financed by the Italian National Research Council within the Progetto Finalizzato Informatica research project. Several working groups, both from academic and industrial environments, participate in the DATAID project. At present, the authors coordinate the project. The importance of developing methodologies and tools for database design has been indicated in recent years by the constant growth of computer-based systems which involve a database to provide their users with a controlled and centralized access to data. Accordingly, the DATAID project was undertaken in September 1979 with the objective of developing a methodology to support the specification, design and implementation of databases, including the construction of tools that would support the designer. In this study the main features of DATAID-1 are discussed with respect to other approaches existing in literature. A later article will completely describe a case study in DATAID-1 [1].