PROFINET IO Research Articles

English

Flexible, mobile, and low-cost wireless communication is gaining popularity in industrial automation. Aside from cryptographic key management, wireless systems generally need extra engineering and maintenance duties. In order for wirelesssystems to be properly implemented and maintained in the industry, this issue must be solved. In this article, we cover safety and security in a comprehensive manner, regardless of the medium used. By adopting the black channel idea, our proposed system introduces security modules that may enable scratch-to-end Authenticity and integration. Using current autonomously operated gadgets and standard operating procedures like Wireless HART, Profisafe and Profinet IO, We may expand and offer start-to-endfunctional protection and security by implementing the suggested technique. With periodic and predictable downlink broadcasts, we increase the performance of functional safety protocols as well as the Wireless HART standard.

Watertight Door Control System on A Ship using Profinet IO

The paper is to deal with the analysis of Profinet IO networks based on the design of a watertight door control system on a passenger ship. The analysis was based on modernization of existing watertight door system installed on a ship. The currency system on ship it use old PLC like S7-200, receive and send date only serial communication. In laboratory on University conditions the same network using two controls company Siemens PLC S7-1214 DC/DC/DC and simulated HMI write on WinCC was recreated and modified with Profinet IO standard. The authors propose a novel watertight door control system using two controllers and a touch panel HMI. The control algorithms have been written in LAD language with use norm SOLAS about list alarm. Program it was write in TIA Portal with use Function blocks (FB) with Block Date (DB) and Function (FC). When designing the laboratory bench, the authors based their assumptions on the actual solutions used on the Balmoral passenger ship. Tests were carried out on parameters related to dimensions, including the length of cables between communication modules of controllers, giving in results the actual lengths of cables in the current system and the one proposed in this work. Then, the possibility of data exchange between the two controllers and the visualization of the simulated KTP 1200 panel was examined. The operation of the software was verified, including its optimization for the correct operation of the entire system. The final part of the paper, after verifying the performance of the system in three steps, an analysis of the current system and the novel solution based on Profinet IO network is given.

Detecting and preventing replay attacks in industrial automation networks operated with profinet IO

Modern industrial facilities consist of controllers, actuators and sensors that are connected via traditional IT equipment. The ongoing integration of these systems into the communication network yields to new threats and attack possibilities. In industrial networks, often distinct communication protocols like Profinet IO (PNIO) are used. These protocols are often not supported by typical network security tools. In this work, we present two attack techniques that allow to take over the control of a PNIO device, enabling an attacker to replay previously recorded traffic. We model attack detection rules and propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) for industrial networks which is capable of detecting those replay attacks by correlating alerts from traditional IT IDS with specific PNIO alarms. As an additional effort, we introduce defense in depth mechanisms in order to prevent those attacks from taking effect in the physical world. Thereafter, we evaluate our IDS in a physical demonstrator and compare it with another IDS dedicated to securing PNIO networks. In a conceptual design, we show how network segmentation with flow control allows for preventing some, but not all of the attacks.

A large number of stepping motor network construction by PLC

In the flexible automatic line, the equipment is complex, the control mode is flexible, how to realize the large number of step and servo motor information interaction, the orderly control become a difficult control. Based on the existing flexible production line, this paper makes a comparative study of its network strategy. After research, an Ethernet + PROFIBUSE communication configuration based on PROFINET IO and profibus was proposed, which can effectively improve the data interaction efficiency of the equipment and stable data interaction information.

Scheme of Protection and Monitor Underground High-Voltage Power Supply System Based on PROFINET

Short circuit protection of high-voltage power lines in coal mine cannot realize selectivity with existing protection systems. To solve this problem, a scheme of protection and monitor underground based on PROFINET was proposed. The system is mainly composed of PROFINET network, monitor, controller, and integrated protector with PROFINET IO interface circuit. The system achieves protection and power monitoring network integration, completes the selectivity of short circuit protection, and can determine fault position quickly. Thus the troubleshooting time is cut and reliability of power supply network is improved. The simulation results show that the POROFINET real-time meets the requirement of protection and the system can realize short-circuit protection and power monitor function.

A Servo-Clock Model for Chains of Transparent Clocks Affected by Synchronization Period Jitter

Industrial networks for distributed monitoring, control, and automation purposes require high-accuracy clock synchronization in topologies including long chains of cascaded nodes. Unfortunately, accuracy typically degrades as the number of devices and the distance from the synchronization reference node (i.e., the master or grandmaster) grows, because of the accumulation of multiple uncertainty contributions. To mitigate this problem, the so-called transparent clocks are used in some synchronization protocols, such as the precision transparent clock protocol used in PROFINET IO isochronous real time networks and the precision time protocol version 2, standardized as IEEE 1588-2008. In this paper, an optimal servo-clock in the mean square sense is proposed. The controller relies on both a Kalman filter that estimates the clock state difference with respect to the master and a static-state feedback assuring mean square stability even under the effect of significant fluctuations of the synchronization period. Several multiparametric simulation results in a case study based on the features of PROFINET IO devices confirm that excellent performance can be achieved with the proposed approach.

Dynamic Positioning Nonlinear Control System of the Dredger Based on PROFINET IO

A dredger’s dynamic positioning system (DPS) is designed, nonlinear control algorithm and real-time PROFINET IO structure are adopted in this system. Noise-free estimates of the position and the velocity are produced by the observer, and the adaptive dynamic surface control (ADSC) algorithm is adopted to solve the special problem of the dredger with strong interferences. Real-time industrial Ethernet is used in this system to improve the real-time performance. This work solves the contradiction between the real-time control requirement and complex control algorithms well.

Efficient integration of secure and safety critical industrial wireless sensor networks

Wireless communication has gained more interest in industrial automation due to flexibility, mobility, and cost reduction. Wireless systems, in general, require additional and different engineering and maintenance tasks, for example cryptographic key management. This is an important aspect that needs to be addressed before wireless systems can be deployed and maintained efficiently in the industry. In this paper, we take an holistic approach that addresses safety and security regardless of the underlying media. In our proposed framework we introduce security modules which can be retrofitted to provide end-to-end integrity and authentication measures by utilizing the black channel concept. With the proposed approach, we can extend and provide end-to-end security as well as functional safety using existing automation equipment and standards, such as Profisafe, Profinet IO, and WirelessHART. Furthermore, we improve the WirelessHART standard with periodic and deterministic downlink transmissions to enable efficient usage of wireless actuators, as well as improving the performance of functional safety protocols.

Relationship between Input Channel Excitation Time and Profinet IO Refresh Time

The process of local economic development is extremely complex. Different authors diversely aggregate its concept, objectives and actors. According to the literature local economic development is an intervention to the functioning of the economy. Its purpose is to ensure sustainable local development and to increase the standard of living. The intervention requires the involvement of many actors, who approach the process from various sides. But the instruments, which are used by them, are very similar. In this paper I will make a short overview of the instruments of local economic development, then I will analyse the practice of Vienna.

On the Seamless Interconnection of IEEE1588-Based Devices Using a PROFINET IO Infrastructure

Several types of industrial Real-Time Ethernet (RTE) networks could be present in the same plant. This work deals with the clock synchronization problems that arise when different RTE network infrastructures are interconnected. Specifically, this paper is focused on the exploitation of PROFINET IO Conformance Class C infrastructure for the interconnection of other industrial communication devices or measurement instruments that use IEEE1588 for clock synchronization. Actually, such devices (e.g., LXI instruments, EtherNet/IP devices, etc.) cannot be satisfactorily synchronized if directly connected to the PROFINET infrastructure, because of the large time errors (up to 100 μs). The solution proposed in this paper is an intelligent clock synchronization converter that has fewer limitations if compared with other systems, like boundary clocks. The basic idea is the creation of a “black-box” (a sort of remote bridging device) for the interconnection of IEEE1588 nodes through a PROFINET IO host plant, with zero-configuration on both systems. The proposed approach differs from boundary clock since its goal is to keep the PROFINET IO and the IEEE1588 synchronization domains separated, exploiting the possibility to tunnel the IEEE1588 time information through the PROFINET IO infrastructure with sufficient precision. In order to verify the practical feasibility of the proposed solution, LXI Class B instruments have been connected to the infrastructure of a real PROFINET IO network. The results show that the standard deviation of the synchronization accuracy is only 10 ns higher than the one measured in the case of a dedicated (separated) network for the LXI instruments.

Profinet IO IRT Message Scheduling With Temporal Constraints

This paper presents an algorithm that allows one to create a static schedule of the Profinet IO IRT (Isochronous Real Time) communication, which is an industrial Ethernet protocol standardized in IEC 61158. This algorithm offers an alternative to the available commercial tool, providing comparable results with respect to the resulting schedule makespan. Furthermore, the problem is extended by useful temporal constraints (i.e., release dates, deadlines and end-to-end deadlines of the messages) providing a greater flexibility with respect to the individual messages. Due to this flexibility, it is possible to place the selected messages in various parts of the communication cycle (in order to increase the computational time available for the main-controller application, or to retransmit the synchronization message without holdup in the switch, or to add new messages into the original schedule). The solution is based on a formulation of the Profinet IO IRT scheduling problem in terms of the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling with Temporal Constraints.

Integration of a Wireless I/O Interface for PROFIBUS and PROFINET for Factory Automation

Cost related to the wiring of sensors and actuators in the manufacturing industry is rapidly increasing with the number of field devices. Complex engineering as well as cable wear and tear are important factors. For over a decade, fieldbuses have been the dominating approach to simplify installation, reduce engineering efforts, and increase reliability at the field level. The next step in this process is to introduce wireless communication in certain problematic parts of the field network. In order to do this, a reliable real-time communication system, designed to cope with the harsh environments where factory automation systems are employed, is required. The wireless interface for sensors and actuators (WISA), with its two subconcepts WISA-power and WISA-com, is such a system. This paper discusses how the WISA concept can be efficiently integrated into wired field networks for factory automation-both state-of-the-art [process fieldbus decentral peripherals (PROFIBUS DP)] and new (PROFINET IO) networks. We propose amendments to WISA, which will improve the 802.11b/g coexistence and harmonize the integration of WISA for sensor/actuator communication in, e.g., PROFINET IO systems. The suggested improvements relate to both the radio protocol in order to improve coexistence with other wireless technologies as well as concepts for the integration of WISA into the field network of PROFINET/PROFIBUS.

Performance Aspects of PROFINET IO

Recently, the complex PROFINET CBA (component based automation) has been supplemented by the simplified PROFINET IO standard. PROFINET CBA defines a vendor-independent engineering model covering plant-wide automation and uses a component/container approach. Contrary to this, PROFINET IO aims at decentral periphery scenarios. Analogous to PROFIBUS DP it is based on a modular device model. Functionally, PROFINET IO can be considered as an Ethernet-based fieldbus. It is expected that PROFINET IO will play a major role on the PLC market since it is a possible replacement for PROFIBUS DP. The paper introduces the PROFINET technology and discusses performance aspects. Measurement results are presented.

A SECURE PROXY SOLUTION FOR PROFINET IO AS A MIGRATION STRATEGY FOR EXISTING AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS

Industrial Ethernet networks will increasingly be used in automation and control systems. In order to integrate existing solutions based on PLCs and fieldbus connected devices, appropriate migration strategies are required. The paper describes a proxy solution for integrating existing PLC-based solutions into PROFINET IO. The PLCs may be connected to the proxy using any communication protocol, including fieldbus and Ethernet. Besides runtime and engineering aspects of the proxy, security considerations are included to support and to enhance the security cell-concept. Copyright © 2007 IFAC

A CONCEPT FOR THE SYSTEM INTEGRATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS TO INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS USING PROFINET

Contemporary industrial automation systems are using real-time Ethernet protocols, like PROFINET, for exchanging process and configuration data. In order to make automation systems more flexible and due to many other advantages, wireless technologies are introduced in certain application areas, e.g. the connection of sensors by the use of a wireless sensor network. In this typical scenario the integration of a newly deployed wireless sensor network into an existing system is required and of vital importance. This paper gives a short introduction to different wireless technologies that are being discussed at the moment for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and to PROFINET IO. It also proposes a feasible integration approach regarding application layer object models and their corresponding mapping.

Performance analysis of PROFINET networks

Nowadays, Ethernet networks may be profitably employed also at the lowest levels of factory automation systems. Indeed, suitable application layer protocols for Ethernet have been recently developed in order to cope with the critical requirements imposed by the industrial applications. In this paper we focus on the protocols used by PROFINET, an emerging standard for industrial communications based on Ethernet, which is now available in two different versions, named CBA and IO. After a description of the protocols, we show the results of some tests aimed at evaluating the performances of such a network. In particular, we concentrate the attention on the times necessary to transfer limited amounts of data among stations. With regard to PROFINET CBA, the outcomes of an experimental set-up comprising several components, show, for the transfer times, highly variable values, dependent on the network load. Conversely, for PROFINET IO, the results of a set of numerical simulations we performed, allow to expect constant transfer times of some milliseconds, or even less, provided that an accurate time synchronization between stations is maintained.

FIELDBUS INTEGRATION TO THE REALTIME ETHERNET STANDARD PROFINET

For the investment protection of installed plants and machines suitable concepts for the integration of Fieldbus systems to future Realtime Ethernet Networks are very important. In this paper a approach for the integration of the fieldbus system INTERBUS into the Realtime Ethernet standard PROFINET IO will be presented. It shows that it is possible despite very different device models to realize a deep integration.