Blood Profile Research Articles

Epigenome-wide association study, meta-analysis, and multiscore profiling of whole blood in Parkinson's disease.

An increasing body of evidence indicates altered DNA methylation in Parkinson's disease, yet the reproducibility and utility of such methylation changes are largely unexplored. We aimed to further elucidate the role of dysregulated DNA methylation in Parkinson's disease and to evaluate the biomarker potential of methylation-based profiling. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in whole blood, including 280 Parkinson's disease and 279 control participants from Oslo, Norway. Next, we took advantage of data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and a previously published EWAS to conduct a whole blood EWAS meta-analysis in Parkinson's disease, incorporating results from a total of 3068 participants. Finally, we generated multiple methylation-based scores for each Oslo and PPMI participant and tested their association with disease status, individually and in a joint multiscore model. In EWAS meta-analysis, we confirm SLC7A11 hypermethylation and nominate a novel differentially methylated CpG near LPIN1. A joint multiscore model incorporating polygenic risk and methylation-based estimates of epigenetic Parkinson's disease risk, smoking, and leukocyte proportions differentiated patients from control participants with an area under the receiver-operator curve of 0.82 in the Oslo cohort and 0.65 in PPMI. Our results highlight the power of DNA methylation profiling to capture multiple aspects of disease risk, indicating a biomarker potential for precision medicine in neurodegenerative disorders. The reproducibility of specific differentially methylated CpGs across data sets was limited but may improve if future studies are designed to account for disease stage and incorporate environmental exposure data.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel benzofuran and pyrazole-based derivatives as dual AChE/BuChE inhibitors with antioxidant properties for Alzheimer's disease management.

As a complicated neurodegenerative disorder with several clinical hallmarks, Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires multi-target treatment medicines to address multiple elements of disease progression. In this study, we reported two novel series of compounds: benzofuran-based donepezil analogs (9a-i) and their pyrazole-based counterparts (11a-i) as potential dual inhibitors of AChE and BuChE with additional antioxidant properties, aiming to address multiple pathological aspects of AD simultaneously. The design strategy employed bioisosteric replacement, substituting donepezil's indanone motif with a benzofuran ring in series (9a-i) to maintain crucial hydrogen bonding interactions with the Phe295 residue in the enzyme's active site. Subsequently, the benzofuran ring underwent cleavage, yielding pyrazole-tethered hydroxyphenyl derivatives (11a-i). The biological evaluation revealed that benzofuran-based derivative 9g exhibited exceptional efficacy against both AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.51μg/ml, respectively, although it lacked antioxidant activity. Compound 11f demonstrated dual inhibition of AChE (IC50=1.24μg/ml) and BuChE (IC50=1.85μg/ml) while also displaying strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50=3.15μg/ml). In vivo toxicity studies on compound 11f revealed a favorable safety profile, with no signs of toxicity or adverse events in acute oral toxicity tests in male Wistar rats. Chronic administration of 11f resulted in negligible differences in blood profiles, hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, and albumin levels compared to the control group. Histopathological examination of hepatic and kidney tissues from treated rats showed normal histology without damage. In silico molecular docking analysis was performed to rationalize the design approaches and support the experimental findings. This study provides valuable insights into the development of multi-target compounds for potential Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Impact of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on growth, reproductive performance, and oxidative stress in dexamethasone-stressed Japanese quail cocks: Vitamin E & selenium in stressed quail cocks.

This study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) supplementation on body weight changes, blood profile, and semen quality in Dexamethasone (DEX)-stressed Japanese quails. One hundred and five 10-week-old quail cocks were acclimated and divided into five treatment groups: negative control - G1, DEX-treated (20 mgL-1 of drinking water) - G2, DEX + VE (180 mg kg diet-1) - G3; DEX + Se (0.3 mg kg diet-1) - G4; and DEX + VE (180 mg kg diet-1) + Se (0.3 mg kg diet-1) - G5. The birds received their respective treatments over 21 days, and various performance, hematological, and semen quality parameters were measured. Results indicated that DEX treatment significantly reduced weight gain (WG) and feed intake (P < 0.05). Supplementation with VE and Se, individually and combined, ameliorated these effects, with groups G3, G4, and G5 showing similar WG to the control. Hematological analysis revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count in DEX-treated groups compared to G1. Treatment did not affect blood glucose and cholesterol levels (P ≥ 0.05). Plasma antioxidant assays showed elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase functions and reduced malondialdehyde levels in G3, G4, and G5 compared to G2, indicating reduced oxidative stress. No marked differences were seen in the plasma glutathione peroxidase activities across groups. Sperm motility was impaired in the DEX-only group but improved (P < 0.05) with antioxidant supplementation. In conclusion, dietary VE and Se effectively mitigated the negative impacts of DEX-induced stress on growth, antioxidant status, and spermatozoa motility in Japanese quail cocks. VE and Se supplementation could be beneficial in enhancing the welfare and productivity of poultry under stress.

Abstract TP140: The Blood Proteome Profiling Identifies Biomarkers Associated With Ischemic Stroke Prognosis

Blackground: Due to the narrow therapeutic time window and strict indications, there are still a large number of patients unable to receive thrombolysis and endovascular therapy, resulting in a poor long-term functional prognosis. Moreover, it is unclear what effective therapeutic targets as well as molecular systemic changes in stroke in the chronic phase. Therefore, to provide useful insights into its pathogenesis, identification of therapeutic targets and biomarker discovery, we analyze the proteomic profile of blood in ischemic stroke patients in order to gain insights into the disease. Method: We use proteomics technologies to examine serum at baseline and use the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) to evaluate neurological function at baseline and 3-month follow-up after ischemic stroke. Based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology, we implement a staged discovery-confirmatory pipeline in serum samples from better prognosis patients(n=48) and poor prognosis patients(n=50) according to mRS to comprehensively identify and validate more accurate biomarker performance characteristics of candidate proteins. Results: In this proteomic study, we characterize 4,740 circulating proteins and 324 differentially expressed proteins in 98 patients. We identify circulating proteomic signatures for ischemic stroke prognosis, and correlate these with clinical data to develop a proteomic profile of 14 markers. Based on machine learning algorithms such as LASSO regression and exhaustive feature selection (EFS), we finally identify some biomarkers (IQGAP2, LYZ, PDGFD, EHD3, CETP, FYB1) are validated as contributors to the ischemic stroke prognosis model through verification of an additional 58 serum samples. (AUC range:0.65-0.99). Conclusion: We identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets and offer an opportunity for more precise prognosis and treatment in ischemic stroke.

Leucocyte profile of blood in cows with purulent-necrotic lesions in the hoof area

The work is devoted to the study of the leukocyte profile of blood in animals with orthopedic diseases. Experimental studies were conducted at the Khmelevskoye LLC, Melekessky District, Ulyanovsk Region, during orthopedic medical examination. To achieve the goal set in the work, we formed 2 groups of animals: Group 1 - clinically healthy cows (n = 5). Group 2 - orthopedic diseases (n = 5). Blood samples were taken from all animals before morning feeding, the concentration of leukocytes was studied in the SIMPSON veterinary clinic (Samara) using a Mindray BC-30Vet hematological veterinary analyzer. The leukocyte formula of cattle blood was determined using Philipson staining, and based on the obtained data on the “white blood” parameters, the leukocyte indices were calculated: Garkavi Index, Breddeck Index, Krebs Index, Leukocyte Intoxication Index according to Ya.Ya. Kalf-Kalif, Leukocyte Intoxication Index according to V.K. Ostrovsky, Blood Leukocyte Shift Index, Lymphocyte-Granulocyte Index, Allergization Index according to V.S. Tikhonchuk, Neutrophil and Monocyte Ratio Index according to Zh.G. Mustafina.

Effect of medium-chain fatty acids supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, blood profile, and milk production of dairy cows in the transition period.

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are rapidly utilized by the liver as an energy source. However, the effects of feeding MCFAs to dairy cows during the transition period and the subsequent effect on postpartum performance is not well clear. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the effects of MCFAs supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, blood profile, and milk production in dairy cows during their transition period. Twenty-one multiparity Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 2 dietary groups: one group received a diet supplemented with MCFAs calcium salts (MCFA-Ca) from 3 weeks relative to expected parturition to 5 weeks postpartum (MCFA; n = 10), and the other group received the same diet without supplements (control; n = 11). MCFA-Ca containing 80% caprylic acid and 20% capric acid were added to the mixed diet at 1.5% dry matter. During the close-up period (from 3 weeks relative to expected parturition until parturition), cows were fed a TMR with restricted intake to provide 100% of the metabolic energy requirement. Subsequently, the cows were fed a TMR ad libitum from parturition to 5 weeks postpartum. The dry matter intake and body weight did not differ throughout the experimental period between groups. Rumen fermentation and protozoa counts remained unaffected during the experimental period. Supplementation of MCFA had no effect on the plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and total ketone bodies in cows throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, postpartum plasma glucagon concentration was higher in the MCFA group than in the control group, and milk yield tended to increase in the MCFA group. In conclusion, our results suggested that MCFA-Ca supplementation enhances the catabolic state by affecting pancreatic hormone secretion, resulting in an increase in milk yield during the fresh period without an excessive negative energy balance in dairy cows.

Crosstalk: Biochemical Signatures and Clinical Implications in Rare Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias (Hereditary Spherocytosis).

Clinical Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia (HAA) particularly Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) encompasses diverse genetic disorders causing premature red blood cell destruction and intrinsic RBC defects. There's a pressing need for standardized diagnostic protocols tailored to the Asian population, particularly in Saudi Arabia, underscoring the significance of thorough blood biochemistry analysis. A case-control prospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, samples were obtained from King Fahad, hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, serving a significant population, and blood samples from 27 patients meeting ethical criteria for HHA and HS. Inclusion criteria included diagnosed patients of any age and sex, while exclusion criteria encompass chronic infections, metabolic diseases, pregnancy, and lactation. Blood profiling was conducted following strict protocols, aiming to glean insights into patients' management and therapeutic strategies. Despite an intended larger sample size, limitations in availability led to the inclusion of 27 patient analyses. Among 27 participants, males comprised 59.3%, females 40.7%. Anemia types indicated 22.2% Type 1 (HHA) and 77.8% Type 3 (HS). Age groups (<30, 31-59, ≥60 years) highlighted HS prevalence, notably in older individuals. Blood pressure analysis revealed age-related increases, especially in those over 60 with systolic BP (147.33 ± 9.86 mm/Hg) (p≤0.02) and diastolic BP (85.67 ± 9.01 mm/Hg) (p≤0.03) emphasizing agespecific monitoring. Temperature variations were noted across ages, significant in patients over 60 (35.93 ± 1.100C) (p≤0.09), indicating potential clinical relevance. Iron levels showed no age-related differences, while Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels rose with age, particularly in those over 60 (35.83 ± 16.67 mm/dL) (p≤0.04), suggesting age-related influence. Alkaline Phosphatase levels increased with age, especially in patients aged 31 to 59 (205.80±123.17IU/L)(p≤0.001), warranting further investigation. Similarly, Aspartate Transferase levels rose with age, especially in patients aged 31 to 59 (134.69 ± 284.58 U/L) (p≤0.01),), underlining age-specific considerations. Notable differences in BUN (15.03 mm/dL and 29.06 mm/dL)and Aspartate Transferase (33.01 U/L and 115.66 U/L) levels were observed among different anemia types with no major significant alteration in LDH. The results suggest unique biochemical signatures with potential renal and hepatic implications, underscoring the importance of biochemical assessment in managing hereditary hemolytic anemias, particularly HS.

ALOPECIA X IN GERMAN SPITZ RESPONSIVE TO ORCHIECTOMY ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF MELATONIN: CASE REPORT

Alopecia X is a dermatological disorder that mainly affects Nordic breed dogs. Its cause is not completely clear. Alopecia X is characterized by its non-inflammatory aspect, being similar to endocrine-based dermatopathies. The main lesions are progressive hair loss in the affected areas, being less pronounced on the head and distal extremities of the limbs in more advanced cases. This study aims to report a case of alopecia X in a male, uncastrated German Spitz dog. At the first visit, an initial case of bilateral symmetrical alopecia was observed on the caudal side of the thighs and perineum, without pruritus, macroscopic signs of inflammation and clinical signs of systemic diseases. The patient underwent additional tests (including trichogram, skin scraping, direct ectoparasite screening and blood profile) in which parasitic and systemic diseases were ruled out. Based on clinical aspects, racial predisposition and exclusion of systemic causes, the diagnosis of alopecia X was considered. The treatment of choice was orchiectomy associated with the use of Melatonin, initially for 3 months. After 90 days of treatment, partial regrowth of the alopecic areas was observed, as well as a reduction in the area without hair, with return of primary and secondary hairs in the affected region. It is concluded in this case that the choice of orchiectomy associated with the use of melatonin was effective in improving the dermatological condition, and can be used as an ally in the

A deep learning tissue classifier based on differential Co-expression genes predicts the pregnancy outcomes of cattle.

Economic losses in cattle farms are frequently associated with failed pregnancies. Some studies found that the transcriptomic profiles of blood and endometrial tissues in cattle with varying pregnancy outcomes display discrepancies even before artificial insemination (AI) or embryo transfer (ET). In the study, 330 samples from seven distinct sources and two tissue types were integrated and divided into two groups based on the ability to establish and maintain pregnancy after AI or ET: P (pregnant) and NP (nonpregnant). By analyzing gene co-variation and employing machine learning algorithms, the objective was to identify genes that could predict pregnancy outcomes in cattle. Initially, within each tissue type, the top 100 differentially co-expressed genes (DCEG) were identified based on the analysis of changes in correlation coefficients and network topological structure. Subsequently, these genes were used in models trained by seven different machine learning algorithms. Overall, models trained on DCEGs exhibited superior predictive accuracy compared to those trained on an equivalent number of differential expression genes (DEGs). Among them, the deep learning models based on differential co-expression genes in blood and endometrial tissue achieved prediction accuracies of 91.7% and 82.6%, respectively. Finally, the importance of DCEGs was ranked using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and enrichment analysis, identifying key signaling pathways that influence pregnancy. In summary, this study identified a set of genes potentially affecting pregnancy by analyzing the overall co-variation of gene connections between multiple sources. These key genes facilitated the development of interpretable machine learning models that accurately predict pregnancy outcomes in cattle.

Production performance, blood profile and egg quality traits of layer chickens fed pelletized feeds of different particle sizes in two housing types

Production performance, blood profile and egg quality of 240 commercial layers (21-60 weeks old) fed pelletized feeds of different particle sizes in two housing types were studied. The birds were housed in either Battery cage (BC) of 45×40×45 cm dimension with a stocking rate of 3 birds/ cell (0.07 m2/ bird) or Deep litter (DL) unit with stocking density of 0.39 m2/bird. The feed particle sizes were fine particle pellets ≤ 1 mm and coarse particle pellets ≤ 2 mm. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial layout. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 20 birds each. At age 21 weeks, daily/ weekly records were taken from the birds to generate data on growth and production performance, blood profile (haematological and serum biochemical parameters) and egg quality traits (external and internal) until 60 weeks old. Results showed main and interactive effects of pellet feed particle sizes and housing types had significant (p&lt;0.05) influence on production and growth performance parameters with higher (p&lt;0.05) values observed in birds on fine particle pellets housed on DL. Higher (p&lt;0.05) packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and creatinine were observed in birds fed fine particle-sized pellets. Birds on coarse particle-sized pellets had higher (p&lt;0.05) basophil values. In the effects of interaction, birds reared on DL and fine particle-sized pellets showed the lowest (p&lt;0.05) basophil and the highest (p&lt;0.05) creatinine for those in BC. For external and internal egg quality traits, main effects of feed particle size significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the proportion of the yolk and albumen weight in eggs on coarse-sized particles and fine-sized particles respectively. Interaction effects revealed the highest (p&lt;0.05) proportion of yolk in eggs from birds reared in BC on coarse particle pellets and albumen weight in eggs from DL housed birds fed fine particle pellets. The study concluded that layers fed pellets of either fine or coarse-sized particles housed on DL have a better production performance. There were no adverse effects on the health status and egg quality traits of the birds. La performance de production, le profil sanguin et la qualité des œufs de 240 pondeuses commerciales (21-60 semaines) nourries avec des aliments granulés de différentes tailles de particules dans deux types de logements ont été étudiés. Les oiseaux étaient logés soit dans des cages de batterie (CB) de dimensions 45×40×45 cm avec un taux de chargement de 3 oiseaux par cellule (0,07 m² par oiseau), soit dans une unité de litière profonde (LP) avec une densité de chargement de 0,39 m² par oiseau. Les tailles de particules de l'aliment étaient des granulés à particules fines ≤ 1 mm et des granulés à particules grossières ≤ 2 mm. L'expérience était organisée selon un plan factoriel 2 x 2. Chaque traitement consistait en 3 répétitions avec 20 oiseaux chacune. À 21 semaines, des enregistrements quotidiens/hebdomadaires ont été effectués pour générer des données sur la croissance et les performances de production, le profil sanguin (paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques sériques) et les traits de qualité des œufs (externes et internes) jusqu'à 60 semaines. Les résultats ont montré que les effets principaux et d'interaction des tailles de particules d'aliments granulés et des types de logement avaient une influence significative (p&lt;0,05) sur les paramètres de production et de performance de croissance, avec des valeurs plus élevées (p&lt;0,05) observées chez les oiseaux nourris avec des granulés à particules fines logés en LP. Un volume de globules rouges, une concentration d'hémoglobine et une créatinine plus élevées (p&lt;0,05) ont été observés chez les oiseaux nourris avec des granulés à particules fines. Les oiseaux nourris avec des granulés à particules grossières avaient des valeurs de basophiles plus élevées (p&lt;0,05). Dans les effets d'interaction, les oiseaux élevés en LP et nourris avec des granulés à particules fines ont montré les plus bas (p&lt;0,05) niveaux de basophiles et les plus élevés (p&lt;0,05) de créatinine par rapport à ceux en CB. Pour les traits de qualité des œufs externes et internes, les effets principaux de la taille des particules d'aliment ont significativement (p&lt;0,05) augmenté la proportion du poids du jaune et de l'albumen dans les œufs à partir de particules grossières et fines respectivement. Les effets d'interaction ont révélé la plus haute (p&lt;0,05) proportion de jaune dans les œufs provenant d'oiseaux élevés en CB sur des granulés à particules grossières et le poids de l'albumen dans les œufs de poules logées en LP nourries avec des granulés à particules fines. L'étude a conclu que les pondeuses nourries avec des granulés de taille fine ou grossière logées en LP présentent une meilleure performance de production. Il n'y avait pas d'effets néfastes sur l'état de santé et les traits de qualité des œufs des oiseaux.

Blood Profile and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Finishers Fed Exogenous Enzyme Feather Meal Based Diets

The need for animal protein consumption cannot be over-emphasized. Unfortunately, the cost of poultry production is on increase as a result of high cost of feed production, hence the need for search to alternative but cost-effective ingredients. The experiment was conducted to assess the blood profile and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed enzyme fortified feather meal for fish meal replacement. One hundred and fifty 4-weeks old chicks were randomly assigned to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated three times. Treatment 1 contained 0% enzyme fortified feather meal, while treatment 2, 3, 4, and 5 contained 1, 2, 3, and 4% levels of enzyme fortified feather meal, respectively. Each level of enzyme fortified feather meal was used to partially replace fish meal in the experimental diets, while treatment effects were assessed over the experimental period. At 10th week of feeding trial, blood samples were collected from three (3) birds from each replicate for blood profile analysis, and later slaughtered for carcass quality. Results obtained showed no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in the dressed weight and dressed percentages, while most of the cut parts, breast, thigh, shank and wing expressed in percentage of dressed weight differed significantly (P&lt;0.05). Hematological index analysis (HB, PCV, RBC, MCV, ESR, MCH) differed significantly (P&lt;0.05) and were improved in the enzyme fortified feather meal fed broilers, while MCHC did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05). Most WBC differentials, heterophil, lymphocytes, differed significantly (P&lt;0.05). Monocytes and eosinophil were similar, while basophil showed no trace within treatment means. The values of the serum biochemistry were mostly similar (P&gt;0.05) except for the globulin and cholesterol which significantly increased with increasing inclusion of enzyme fortified feather meal. Le besoin de consommation de protéines animales ne peut être surestimé. Malheureusement, le coût de la production avicole augmente en raison du coût élevé de la production d'aliments, d'où la nécessité de rechercher des ingrédients alternatifs mais rentables. L'expérience a été menée pour évaluer le profil sanguin et les caractéristiques de la carcasse des terminaux de poulet à griller nourris avec de la farine de plumes enrichie en enzymes comme remplacement de la farine de poisson. Cent cinquante poussins de 4 semaines ont été assignés au hasard à cinq groupes de traitement dans un design complètement randomisé. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois. Le traitement 1 contenait 0 % de farine de plumes enrichie en enzymes, tandis que les traitements 2, 3, 4 et 5 contenaient respectivement 1, 2, 3 et 4 % de farine de plumes enrichie en enzymes. Chaque niveau de farine de plumes enrichie en enzymes a été utilisé pour remplacer partiellement la farine de poisson dans les diètes expérimentales, tandis que les effets des traitements ont été évalués pendant la période expérimentale. À la 10e semaine de l'essai d'alimentation, des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés sur trois oiseaux de chaque

Welfare Status in Dairy Cows during Confined and Grazing Periods in the North American Pacific Northwest using Blood Parameters and Visual Assessments

ABSTRACT Grazing is usually associated with higher well-being in dairy cows. However, current research on the welfare of grazing cows lacks validation via blood profiling. We monitored four dairy farms that seasonally graze in the temperate North American Pacific Northwest, USA, to address this gap. We collected blood and hair samples and scored the animals for welfare-related visual evaluations during the dry period and early and late lactation stages during the confined and grazing periods. Over 20 blood parameters were analyzed, plus cortisol in the tail hair as a stress indicator. Blood profiling indicated that cows during the grazing period had a more stable metabolism across the stages of lactation, a more robust immune system, and slightly greater inflammation than during the confined period. The amount of cortisol in the hair was lower in cows during the grazing vs. confined period. Only a few direct animal measurements were affected, including a better body condition and cleanliness score compared to the confined period. Overall, our data indicate better welfare conditions in cows during the grazing period compared to the confined period.

LC-MS-Based Global Metabolic Profiles of Alternative Blood Specimens Collected by Microsampling.

Blood microsampling (BμS) has recently emerged as an interesting approach in the analysis of endogenous metabolites but also in metabolomics applications. Their non-invasive way of use and the simplified logistics that they offer renders these technologies highly attractive in large-scale studies, especially the novel quantitative microsampling approaches such as VAMs or qDBS. Objectives: Herein, we investigate the potential of BµS devices compared to the conventional plasma samples used in global untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of blood. Methods: Two novel quantitative devices, namely, Mitra, Capitainer, and the widely used Whatman cards, were selected for comparison with plasma. Venous blood was collected from 10 healthy, overnight-fasted individuals and loaded on the devices; plasma was also collected from the same venous blood. An extraction solvent optimization study was first performed on the three devices before the main study, which compared the global metabolic profiles of the four extracts (three BµS devices and plasma). Analysis was conducted using reverse phase LC-TOF MS in positive mode. Results: BµS devices, especially Mitra and Capitainer, provided equal or even superior information on the metabolic profiling of human blood based on the number and intensity of features and the precision and stability of some annotated metabolites compared to plasma. Despite their rich metabolic profiles, BµS did not capture metabolites associated with biological differentiation of sexes. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that a more in-depth investigation of the acquired information is needed for each specific application, as a metabolite-dependent trend was obvious.

A Review on Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations in Dogs

Cancer presents a significant health concern in dogs, similar to its impact on humans, and stands as a primary contributor to canine mortality. The elevated incidence of cancer in dogs, relative to other domesticated animals, may be attributed to their intimate companionship with humans, advanced medical diagnostics, and elevated healthcare standards that have extended their lifespans beyond typical expectations, although accompanied by a heightened susceptibility to cancer. Effective diagnosis and treatment of canine cancer hinge upon a comprehensive understanding of tumor varieties, their underlying pathophysiology, and molecular alterations affecting genes and proteins. A range of diagnostic tools is employed for detecting cancer in dogs, encompassing blood profiles, cytological evaluations, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and various imaging methods such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. Additionally, molecular techniques play a crucial role. Therapeutic options for addressing canine cancer encompass chemotherapy, surgical procedures, and radiation therapy. Furthermore, promising developments including cancer vaccines and novel anti-cancer medications are currently undergoing clinical trials, aiming to enhance the management of cancer in dogs. This article provides an overview of both current and emerging diagnostic and treatment approaches, whether currently available or in the experimental stage, for effectively managing cancer in dogs.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Durvillaea Antarctica Meal on Production and Meat Quality Traits of Lambs.

Worldwide, there are reports indicating that sheep raised in insular systems spontaneously consume seaweed. In the southern hemisphere, there exists Durvillaea antarctica, a brown seaweed that possesses minerals and fatty acids that could improve some aspects of sheep production and meat quality, respectively. However, the consumption of this algae in lambs has been scarcely studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Durvillaea antarctica meal on the growth performance, blood profile, and meat quality of fattening lambs. Thirty Araucana Creole lambs were housed and allocated to three pens. One pen served as a control, while the remaining two were supplemented with diets containing 5% and 10% Durvillaea antarctica meal. After 9 weeks, the animals were slaughtered. The dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight and blood biochemical parameters. However, changes were observed in meat quality traits, including increased redness and reduced luminosity in the loin for the high inclusion treatment, in addition to slight alterations in pH and lower lipid oxidation in lambs' meat fed Durvillaea antarctica. Furthermore, the meat from lambs supplemented with Durvillaea antarctica exhibited increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, along with higher monounsaturated fatty acid content and a reduced omega-3/omega-6 ratio. This study shows that Durvillaea antarctica can be used to feed lambs without impairing growth or production parameters, which has been little studied. It is possible that this brown seaweed could be considered a natural additive to improve the quality and nutritional value of lamb meat. The effect of this seaweed on other ruminant models could be addressed in future studies.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of RAG-mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic RAG variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons. T helper 2 (TH2) cell skewing and a prominent inflammatory signature characterize Omenn syndrome, whereas more hypomorphic forms of RAG deficiency are associated with a type 1 immune profile both in blood and tissues. We used cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) analysis to define the cell lineage-specific contribution to the immunopathology of the distinct RAG phenotypes. These insights may help improve the diagnosis and clinical management of the various forms of the disease.

Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant risks for solid organ transplant recipients, who have atypical but poorly characterized immune responses to infection. We aim to understand the host immunologic and microbial features of COVID-19 in transplant recipients by leveraging a prospective multicenter cohort of 86 transplant recipients age- and sex-matched with 172 non-transplant controls. We find that transplant recipients have higher nasal SARS-CoV-2 viral abundance and impaired viral clearance, and lower anti-spike IgG levels. In addition, transplant recipients exhibit decreased plasmablasts and transitional B cells, and increased senescent T cells. Blood and nasal transcriptional profiling demonstrate unexpected upregulation of innate immune signaling pathways and increased levels of several proinflammatory serum chemokines. Severe disease in transplant recipients, however, is characterized by a less robust induction of pro-inflammatory genes and chemokines. Together, our study reveals distinct immune features and altered viral dynamics in solid organ transplant recipients.

Application of Principal Component Analysis as a Prediction Model for Feline Sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is spreading and causing epidemics in large urban centers. Cats are the most susceptible species to develop the disease, which could cause significant systemic lesions. The aim was to investigate and to identify predictive indicators of disease progression by correlations between the blood profile (hematological and biochemical analytes) and cutaneous lesion patterns of 70 cats diagnosed with Sporothrix brasiliensis. The higher occurrence in male cats in this study could be related to being non-neutered and having access to open spaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) with two principal components, followed by binary logistic regression, and binary logistic regression analysis, with independent variables and backward elimination modeling, were performed to evaluate hematological (n = 56) and biochemical (n = 34) analytes, including red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, total plasma protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase. Two logistic regression models (PCA and independent variables) were employed to search for a predicted model to correlate fixed (isolated) and disseminated cutaneous lesion patterns. Total plasma protein concentration may be assessed during screening diagnosis as it has been recognized as an independent predictor for the dissemination of cutaneous lesion patterns, with the capability of serving as a predictive biomarker to identify the progression of cutaneous lesions induced by S. brasiliensis infections in cats.

Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, pork quality and odor emission in growing-finishing pigs

Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, pork quality and odor emission in growing-finishing pigs

The effect of heating therapy on the blood profile of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

A decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels was one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the treatments for DM patients used Heating Therapy (HT). Heating Therapy is a treatment in the form of heat exposure which can cause increased expression of heat shock protein (HSP), improve glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and improve insulin signaling. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of heating therapy on the blood profile of mice. This research used a Complete Random Plan, which had five treatments and six replications. Rats without treatment (K-), diabetic rats (K+), rats given HT at 37°C for 10 minutes (P1), HT at 37°C for 20 minutes (P2) and HT at 37°C for 30 minutes (P3)). Heating Therapy was given every day for 3 weeks. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze research data. If there was a significant difference (P &lt;0.05), then proceed with the Duncan post-hoc test. The results showed that the control group and the treated group of mice given HT had significant differences (P &lt;0.05). By giving HT at a temperature of 37°C for 10 minutes was effective in increasing hemoglobin levels and improving the number of platelet cells in diabetic mice.