Profile Of Mood States Research Articles

The Effects of Dynamic and Static Forest Bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on Physiological and Psychological Health in Males and Females

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dynamic and static forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on the physiological and psychological health of males and females. Dynamic pre-test and post-test forest bathing was performed on 11 participants (5 males and 6 females) as a single group in a forest environment. In addition, a randomized controlled trial involving 20 participants (10 males and 10 females) was conducted to evaluate static forest bathing in both forest and urban environments. Various physiological indicators, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse, heart rate variability (HRV), and self-assessed psychological indicators such as profile of mood states, were measured. Dynamic forest bathing resulted in a significant increase in the natural logarithmic value of the high frequency (lnHF) of HRV and significantly decreased ratio of the natural logarithmic value of the low frequency (lnLF) to lnHF (lnLF/lnHF) of HRV. Static forest bathing not only had the effects of dynamic forest bathing but also significantly decreased the participants’ SBP, DBP, and pulse. Both dynamic and static forest bathing enhanced human parasympathetic nervous system activity and reduced sympathetic nervous system activity, particularly affecting females. Negative mood state scores (tension, anger, fatigue, depression, and confusion) and total mood disturbance scores significantly decreased after forest bathing. In contrast, positive mood state (vigor) scores significantly increased, indicating an enhancement in positive mood. These improvements in mood were particularly pronounced in male individuals. Short-term exposure to a forest environment has positive effects on both physical and mental health of individuals. The extent of these improvements varied according to factors such as engagement in physical activity and gender.

Effects of Popping For Parkinson's dance class on the mood of people with Parkinson's disease

Background/Aims Depression, low mood and apathy can affect people with Parkinson's disease, impacting on their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one Popping For Parkinson's dance session on the mood of people with Parkinson's disease. Methods A total of 33 people with Parkinson's disease, with a mean age of 67.5 years (standard deviation 10.3 years), mean Parkinson's level of 1.8 (standard deviation 1.6), took part in one Popping For Parkinson's dance class at four different locations: London (UK), Hatfield (UK), New York City (USA) and Turin (Italy). Participants' mood was measured with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire at four time points: immediately before the dance class, immediately after the dance class, 24hours after the dance class and 1 week after the dance class. Results Participants' total mood score and the subscale score of vigour increased, while the subscales of tension, depression, and confusion decreased on the Profile of Mood States, significantly immediately after the dance intervention. However, at 24 hours and 1week after the dance class, mood scores did not differ significantly compared with baseline measurements. The improvements in mood immediately after the dance class did not differ depending on sex, age, previous dance experience, the location of the dance class, stage of Parkinson's disease, presence of tremor and deep brain stimulation treatment. Conclusions Participating in a Popping For Parkinson's dance class boosts mood in the short term, and this improvement lasts less than 24hours. This finding has implications for the provision of dance classes, suggesting that regular attendance may be necessary for sustained improvements. Further studies are needed to determine whether attending a series of Popping for Parkinson's classes may have longer-term effects.

The effects and gender-related differences of guided forest therapy program on physiological and psychological health of graduating college students

Forest therapy has been proven to have a quantifiable positive impact on human physiological and psychological health. Given that graduating students at university are easy to stress due to changes in life, pressure from their studies, and independence in finance. The main purpose of this research was to explore the effects of guided forest therapy on graduating college students through a field experiment in Pacific Spirit Regional Park which held significant geographical value. This paper investigated the pressure of graduating college students and their needs for forest therapy, and explored the psychological and physiological changes after guided forest therapy. This study also analyzed gender-related psychological and physiological differences. Thirty-six healthy graduating college students were invited to participate in a 2-hour forest therapy program. Likert scales were used to assess students' pressure and the demand for forest therapy. Most of the students were facing the pressure of graduation and were willing to participate in forest therapy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) were used as physiological measurement indices. Our physiological results indicated that blood pressure significantly decreased, the high-frequency component of HRV (HF) was significantly larger, and the low-to-high-frequency component ratio (LF/HF) was smaller after the forest therapy program, and some beneficial changes in females were more significant than that in males. The participants' mean HR decreased throughout the forest therapy, but there were no significant differences. Mental status was assessed before and after forest therapy using the Profile of Mood States (POMS), employment stress scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for participants. Overall, the guided forest therapy program effectively reduced participants' employment stress and state anxiety. Our research showed that guided forest therapy had positive physiological and psychological benefits for graduating college students. In addition, females obtained more positive physiological benefits than males, and males obtained more positive psychological benefits than females throughout forest therapy.

Psychosocial factors predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Japan.

We explored whether a patient's psychosocial background before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) could predict the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms during treatment and after hospital discharge. Logistic regression analysis was performed using INTERMED, a scale that comprehensively evaluates psychological factors such as psychiatric history, current mental status, and coping skills, and social factors such as social participation status, relationships with others, and living environment, which were used as independent variables. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depression, while the Profile of Mood States was used to measure anxiety and other symptoms. Both measures were used as dependent variables and were administered upon clean room admission, during clean room stay, at clean room discharge, and at 3, 6, and 12months after hospital discharge. Participants included 70 patients (45 males and 25 females, mean age 53.3 ± 12.3years). Thirty-eight patients participated in the program for the entire period, up to 12months after hospital discharge. The total score on the Japanese version of the INTERMED and psychological factor scores assessed at baseline were significant predictors of depressed mood on discharge; however, there were no significant predictors of scores on the Profile of Mood States. A comprehensive pretransplant evaluation of psychosocial background can help predict the appearance of psychiatric symptoms after allo-HSCT. In patients who are expected to develop psychiatric symptoms after allo-HSCT, it is important to consider early intervention by a specialist and close monitoring by a medical team.

A novel comfort temperature determination model based on psychology of the participants for educational buildings in a temperate climate zone

Maintaining thermal comfort in the educational buildings is vital due to the impacts on learning effectiveness of students. Therefore, development of a proper comfort temperature in educational buildings is a must. In naturally ventilated and mixed-mode buildings, the adaptive thermal comfort model, which considers additively psychological, and behavioural factors to the Fanger's PMV/PPD model, is commonly applied based on regression analyses. However, the psychological adjustments based on current mood state are very limited in these adaptive thermal comfort models. Therefore, this study focuses on the psychological adjustments in terms of Profile of Mood States in order to predict comfort temperature of students in a case building. The experiments are conducted in a university on a temperate climate zone for a long period-data including both heating and cooling seasons. In this study, the comfort temperatures for each student are determined via Griffith method for the case building. Moreover, the current mood states of students are assessed utilizing the Profile of Mood States survey, which are collected via a developed mobile application. As a conclusion, the relation between the current mood state of the students and comfort temperature are statistically investigated. The results show that a Griffith constant are found as 0.332/K and mean annual comfort temperature is found as 21.32 °C in the case building. Additionally, a significant difference is found in the comfort temperatures among the students who have more, or fewer concerns than typically reported. The novelty of the study is to present a comfort temperature determination model which considers human psychology as a starter study in the literature.

Self-Efficacy and the Digit Ratio in a Group of Sports University Students.

Self-efficacy is one's awareness of being able to cope optimally with different situations. Perceived self-efficacy is a belief that closely involves emotional and personological functioning. In fact, when one perceives oneself as capable, the likelihood of success increases significantly. The aim of this research was to verify a possible correlation between self-efficacy and the Digit Ratio (2D:4D), referred to as prenatal androgen levels, and whether these correlate with some psychological variables, considering possible gender differences. This study involved 56 sports university students, whose 2D:4D ratio was calculated. Moreover, self-assessment questionnaires: the Self-efficacy Scale (SES), the Big Five Questionnaire-2 (BFQ-2), the Profile of Mood State (POMS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were administered. The data show that the perceived levels of self-efficacy seem to be influenced by an innate predisposition linked to prenatal androgen values to which the subjects were exposed during uterine life (2D:4D). This negative correlation indicates that the higher the value of the digit ratio, the more likely it is that the level of perceived self-efficacy will be lower. Finally, the degree of perceived self-efficacy also seems to depend on the levels of subjective anxiety, understood both as a personological disposition and a contingent condition, and the latter also seems to be influenced by prenatal androgen levels, particularly in women.

The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high-intensity interval exercise, on behavioural alertness and mood state in young healthy males.

Mood state and alertness are negatively affected by sleep loss, and can be positively influenced by exercise. However, the potential mitigating effects of exercise on sleep-loss-induced changes in mood state and alertness have not been studied comprehensively. Twenty-four healthy young males were matched into one of three, 5-night sleep interventions: normal sleep (NS; total sleep time (TST) per night = 449 ± 22 min), sleep restriction (SR; TST = 230 ± 5 min), or sleep restriction and exercise (SR + EX; TST = 235 ± 5 min, plus three sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)). Mood state was assessed using the profile of mood states (POMS) and a daily well-being questionnaire. Alertness was assessed using psychomotor vigilance testing (PVT). Following the intervention, POMS total mood disturbance scores significantly increased for both the SR and SR + EX groups, and were greater than the NS group (SR vs NS; 31.0 ± 10.7 A.U., [4.4-57.7 A.U.], p = 0.020; SR + EX vs NS; 38.6 ± 14.9 A.U., [11.1-66.1 A.U.], p = 0.004). The PVT reaction times increased in the SR (p = 0.049) and SR + EX groups (p = 0.033) and the daily well-being questionnaire revealed increased levels of fatigue in both groups (SR; p = 0.041, SR + EX; p = 0.026) during the intervention. Despite previously demonstrated physiological benefits of performing three sessions of HIIE during five nights of sleep restriction, the detriments to mood, wellness, and alertness were not mitigated by exercise in this study. Whether alternatively timed exercise sessions or other exercise protocols could promote more positive outcomes on these factors during sleep restriction requires further research.

Blue prescription: A pilot study of health benefits for oncological patients of a short program of activities involving the sea

Performing outdoor activities in blue spaces can help improve human health and mental well-being by reducing stress and promoting social relationships. The number of people surviving cancer has increased globally to experience this disease as a life-changing and chronic condition with physical and psychosocial symptoms that have negative impacts on their quality of life. While there has been a growth of programs in green spaces to meet the needs of cancer patients, such as follow-up post-treatment care, support groups and physical activity programs, very few studies have examined the effects of activities involving the sea for the health and well-being of oncology patients. This is the first study to evaluate whether different outdoor activities in blue spaces can benefit oncological patients' physical and mental health using smartwatches, sphygmomanometers and Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires. We assessed changes in blood pressure, heart rate, sleep quality and mental health of 16 patients after twelve sessions of three different activities (walking, beach and snorkelling) and four sessions of a control activity. While no significant differences between activities were observed in terms of the data gathered by the smartwatches, a gradient of positive results for human mental health was observed towards exposure to a blue space, assessed through POMS questionnaires. Results show that exposure to blue spaces contributes to tension and anger reduction and improves the vigour mood state of oncology patients. No significant increases in patients' heart rate were recorded after the beach and snorkelling activities, with results similar to the control activity, suggesting that the contribution may be to participants’ relaxation.

POMS and eye movement: Two indicators for performance in athletics

BackgroundRegularly and scientifically participating in athletics is beneficial for physical and mental health. Mood or emotions are important component of psychology and a major indicator of physical and mental health. Positive and negative mood or emotions can have a strong impact on physical responsiveness. The aim of the present study was to explore whether mood or emotional state influence performance in athletics. MethodsMood, analyzed by Profile of Mood States, and emotional state, reflected by eye movement (looking at times and length), were used to predict track or field performance in training and competition. Results1. The profile of track training (except 3rd week) resembled an iceberg profile (highest vigor scores) and the profile on the 3rd week resembled a “melting” iceberg profile, in which positive mood (vigor and self-esteem) was decreased and negative mood, particularly depression and anger, was significantly increased. The profile of field training almost overlapped, with the exception of depression decreasing markedly on the 3rd and 4th weeks. 2. Positive mood overpowered negative mood, particularly following a track competition; positive emotions exceed negative emotions following track and field competition. 3. The results of the regression analysis showed that an improvement in track performance was negatively correlated with a rise in total mood disturbance (TMD), and field performances were positively correlated with positivity of emotion, as tested by eye movement. 4. Good performance in track events appeared to be associated with decreased vigor and increased fatigue during 3rd and 4th track training; decreased depression and fatigue, and increased vigor as well as low observe length of watching negative emotional pictures (NEPs) before track competition. A good performance in field events appeared to be associated with anger decrease and confusion increase, increased fixation counts of watching positive emotional pictures (PEPs), and decreased fixation and observe counts of watching NEPs before field competition. ConclusionsThe present study proved that different indicators appeared to measure different sport performances: More indicators of Profile of Mood States inclined to predict track performance, while more eye movement indicators could predict field performance. Mixed methods could provide a better understanding of performance than a single approach alone. These findings provided theoretical support and supplementary data for practical applications in the design of comprehensive training programs.

Little but Intense: Using a HIIT-Based Strategy to Improve Mood and Cognitive Functioning in College Students.

Looking for useful and motivational strategies for promoting healthy habits and improving cognitive functioning in young populations, the aim of the present study was to determine if a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise could stimulate mood and working memory in college students. A total of 25 male subjects (mean ± SD, age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight: 72.6 ± 8.4 kg; body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2; VO2peak: 47.1 ± 9.3 mL/kg/min) participated voluntarily in this study. Participants underwent a high-intensity interval exercise consisting of 10 × 1 min of cycling at VO2peak power output. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and Digit Span Test (DST) were administered at three assessment time points: (a) pre-intervention assessment, (b) post-intervention assessment, and (c) 30 min post-intervention. The mood states decreased significantly after exercise; however, a significant increase in mood was found after 30 min of recovery. A significant post-exercise increase in DST performance was observed; moreover, DST scores obtained 30 min after exercise remained higher than those assessed pre-exercise. In conclusion, a single bout of HIIT induces acute positive changes in mood states in male college students and seems to be a powerful stimulus for cognitive functioning.

A Novel Data-Driven Model for the Effect of Mood State on Thermal Sensation

Thermal comfort has an important role in human life, considering that people spend most of their lives in indoor environments. However, the necessity of ensuring the thermal comfort of these people presents an important problem, calculating the thermal comfort accurately. The assessment of thermal comfort has always been problematic, from past to present, and the studies conducted in this field have indicated that there is a gap between thermal comfort and thermal sensation. Although recent studies have shown an effort to take human psychology into account more extensively, these studies just focused on the physiological responses of the human body under psychological disturbances. On the other hand, the mood state of people is one of the most significant parameters of human psychology. Thus, this paper investigated the effect of occupants’ mood states on thermal sensation; furthermore, it introduced a novel “Mood State Correction Factor” (MSCF) to the existing thermal comfort model. To this aim, experiments were conducted at a mixed-mode building in a university between 15 August 2021 and 15 August 2022. Actual Mean Vote (AMV) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were used to examine the effect of mood state on thermal sensation. The outcomes of this study showed that in the mood states of very pessimistic and very optimistic, the occupants felt warmer than the calculated one and the MSCFs are calculated as −0.125 and −0.114 for the very pessimistic and very optimistic mood states, respectively. It is worth our time to note that the experiments in this study were conducted during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic and the results of this study could differ in different cultural backgrounds.

Effects of nature sounds on the attention and physiological and psychological relaxation

This study aims to verify the effects of nature sounds on attention, and physiological and psychological relaxation. Twenty-six university students (mean age: 21.5 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study, and the experiment was conducted with one person at a time. A mixed sound of valley water and birds in a forest environment was used as the nature sound, and a road traffic sound was used as the urban sound (control). The participants performed the following steps: (1) closed their eyes and rested for 1 min; (2) opened their eyes and completed attention tasks while hearing nature or urban sounds for 1 min; (3) closed their eyes again and rested while hearing the same sound for 1 min. We used Harris and Harris grid for the attention task. We measured the participants’ oxy-hemoglobin concentration, heart rate variability, and heart rate for physiological evaluation, and used semantic differential method, and profile of mood states for psychological evaluation. As a result, ① There was no significant difference in the results of the attention task; however, the scores were slightly higher when hearing nature sound. ② The oxy-hemoglobin concentration and heart rate was lower, and parasympathetic nerve activity was enhanced when hearing nature sound than when hearing urban sound. ③ Once participants heard nature sound, they felt more comfortable, relaxed, and natural, and the negative mood state was lower, while the positive mood state was higher than urban sound. This suggests that hearing nature sounds may be an effective way to relieve stress in everyday life.

Assessment of the Efficacy of a Low-Dose Iron Supplement in Restoring Iron Levels to Normal Range among Healthy Premenopausal Women with Iron Deficiency without Anemia.

(1) Background: Iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA) is a prevalent health concern in premenopausal women. Oral supplementation of iron may be a viable solution to improve blood-iron status in women; however, the effects of a high-dose iron-supplement regimen have been associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-dose liquid fermented iron-bisglycinate supplement (LIS) on improving blood-iron status in premenopausal women with IDWA without increasing constipation or gastrointestinal distress. (2) Methods: 85 premenopausal women with IDWA (ferritin < 70 ng/dL and hemoglobin > 11.0 g/dL) took a LIS (27 mg) or a placebo (PLA) for 8 weeks. Blood draws were taken at Wk0 and Wk8 of the study to measure serum-iron markers. In addition, surveys of gastrointestinal distress were administered at Wk0, Wk4, and Wk8 while the profile of mood states (POMS) was surveyed at Wk0 and Wk8. (3) Results: Compared to the placebo, the LIS was able to increase serum ferritin (p = 0.03), total serum iron (p = 0.03), and mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.02), while exhibiting no significant interaction in subjective gastrointestinal distress (p > 0.05). No significant effects were detected for POMS (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Supplementing with LIS appears to improve blood-iron status without causing significant gastrointestinal distress in premenopausal women with IDWA.

Health-related factors of the Iraqi adult population during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: physical activity, eating behavior, quality of life, general health, and mood states cross-talk

BackgroundThe lockdown and social distancing caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have changed Physical Activity Level (PAL), eating behavior, and health habits due to long-term confinement worldwide.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the PAL, eating behavior, Quality of Life (QoL), General Health (GH), and mood states during COVID-19 confinement in a large sample of Iraqi adults.Methods3738 healthy adults (age 18–70 years) residing in Halabjeh, Iraq answered the online questionnaires including the short form of international physical activity, GH, three-factor eating (TFEQ-R18), and a short form of the profile of mood states (POMS-SF) questionnaires. Data analysis was done by Chi-square, and Spearman’s correlation using SPSS statistical software at a significant level of (P < 0.05).ResultsThe results showed unfavorable PAL, eating behavior, QoL, GH, and mood states in the total population. Low PAL was observed in 69.96% of the men and 75.99% of the women; only 3.60% of the men and 0.77% of the women had a high PAL. There was a significantly positive relationship between low PAL and the incidence of COVID-19 both in men and women (P = 0.801; r = 0.001; and P = 0.682; r = 0.011), respectively; While a significant negative relationship was observed between the moderate and high PAL and the incidence of COVID-19 in men (P = 0.011; r=-0.682 and P = 0.027, r=-0.589), and women (P = 0.001; r=-0.796 and P = 0.018, r=-0.623). No significant relationships were observed between PAL and eating behavior (men: P = 0.086; r = 0.256 and women: P = 0.365, r=-0.121); While, the results show significant positive relationships between PAL with QoL in men (P = 0.012; r = 0.623) and women (P = = 0.001; r = 0.837). based on the results, significant negative relationships between PAL with GH and mood state scores were observed in both men (P = 0.001; r=-0.837 and P = 0.001, r=-0.786) and women (P = 0.010; r=-0.652 and P = 0.001, r=-0.745), respectively.ConclusionsThe Iraqi adult population showed low PAL, GH, QoL, and mood state during COVID-19 which might be due to the confinement. Also, the significant relationships between low PAL with GH, and mood state recommends physical activity as a valuable health optimizing factor during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An Investigation of the Psychological Status of Amateur Athletes Before and After a Triathlon Competition

Triathlon is a multisport, endurance event which places significant psychological demands on athletes. To date, few studies have compared psychological states of triathletes before and after competition. Furthermore, there is a lack of research assessing psychological indicators of overtraining in triathletes. This study aimed to create a psychological profile of amateur athletes before and after a triathlon competition, and to investigate psychological symptoms of overtraining syndrome. Forty amateur triathletes were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Passion Scale (PS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GES). Questionnaires were administered the day before a triathlon event, and then repeated the day after the competition. Athletes reported poor sleep quality, and mood states followed the iceberg profile (i.e., high vigor, and low anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, tension, and confusion). Significantly higher pre-competition scores emerged for tension (pre: 8.85±5.4, post: 4.18±5.0, p &lt; 0 .001) and anger (pre: 3.57±3.8, post: 2.80±4.1, p = 0 .021). Correlational analyses performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient revealed that pre-competition sleepquality (r = -0.37, p = 0.019) and tension (r = -0.34, p = 0.031) were related to self-efficacy, and that tension (r = 0.47, p = 0.002), and fatigue (r = 0.57, p &lt; 0.001) were related to pre-competition sleep quality. Lower scores for pre-competition vigor (r = -0.40, p = 0.010) were associated with poorer sleep quality. The study highlights significant relationships with sleep quality, and potential indicators of overtraining syndrome in amateur triathletes. Experimental research analyzing the effects of interventions to target the highlighted psychological characteristics in amateur triathletes is recommended. Coaches and practitioners should monitor athletes’ sleep quality before competition to optimize performance and prevent overtraining syndrome.

0213 Sleep and well-being of culinary specialists on United States Navy ships

Abstract Introduction In the US Navy, “galley workers” are those sailors involved in cooking and preparing meals and maintaining the overall cleanliness and hygiene of the galley spaces and messdecks. These sailors begin their workday in the ship’s kitchen in the early morning, working until late in the evening, typically sleeping at night. The purpose of the current study was to assess the fatigue levels, work/rest patterns, health-related behaviors, and well-being of galley workers on US Navy ships while underway. Methods In this longitudinal field assessment, 80 fit-for-duty US Navy galley workers performed their normal duties on 11 surface ships. Participants wore actigraphs, and completed activity logs and questionnaires to include four standardized tools (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI; Epworth Sleepiness Scale – ESS; Insomnia Severity Index – ISI; Profile of Mood States – POMS). Results Galley workers had a median age of 25 (IQR=11.8) years and most of them were male (68, 85.0%). Most galley workers reported drinking caffeinated beverages (60, 80.0%), with nicotine or tobacco products used by 22 (29.3%) participants. In terms of working out, 46 (61.3%) reported having an exercise routine. The typical schedule of the galley workers included sleeping at night with work hours extending from around 6:00 AM till 8:00 PM. Specifically, they slept on average 6.57±0.85 hours/day (~29% slept &amp;lt; 6 hours/day) and worked 12.8±2.43 hours/day (25% worked &amp;gt;14.5 hours/day). Approximately 84% were classified as poor sleepers, ~57% had excessive daytime sleepiness, and ~38% had elevated insomnia symptoms. Compared to adult norms for the POMS total and subscales scores, the mood of galley workers was worse in terms of total mood disturbance (84.1%), tension-anxiety (71.4%), anger-hostility (79.4%), vigor-activity (77.8%), fatigue (68.3%), and confusion-bewilderment (73.0%). Conclusion Galley workers on USN ships are chronically sleep-deprived and work long hours. To ameliorate the detrimental effects of these issues on sailor well-being, leaders should consider adopting strategies to improve sailor well-being. For example, appropriately timed short naps during the day, use of caffeine, and exposure to bright light may be viable methods to incorporate into the daily schedule of galley workers to alleviate the effects of their arduous work schedules. Support (if any)

0171 Assessment of Student Sleep and Well-Being During a Stress Inoculation Training at The U.S. Navy Surface Warfare Officers School

Abstract Introduction Military operations frequently take place in complex, volatile, and ambiguous environments, where important information may be uncertain. These circumstances are often highly stressful, and fatiguing due to sustained operations, shift work, sleep loss, and the taxing nature of the work. As a crucial part of their preparation for leading U.S. Navy sailors, prospective executive officers (PXOs) in the Surface Warfare community receive training at the Surface Warfare Schools Command (SWSC). At the request of SWSC, the NPS research team was asked to assess the stress loads of SWO students during their expanded 10-week training course, which included the implementation of a stress inoculation training (SIT) program. Methods SWOs (N=50) attending the Prospective Executive Officer (PXO) Course at SWSC participated in a quasi-experimental longitudinal study. They completed questionnaires three times during the PXO course: at the beginning of the study, at the mid-point, and at the end of the course. Standardized tools were used to assess perceived stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale – PSS), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire – PHQ-8), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire – GAD-7), and mood (Profile of Mood States – POMS). Sleep attributes were assessed by wearable devices (ŌURA rings). Results Overall, the scores of SWOs on the PSS, PHQ-8, GAD-7, and POMS were lower or equivalent to scores reported for the general population. However, reported levels of perceived stress increased significantly from the beginning to the end of the PXO course (average PSS=9 vs 12). However, PHQ-8, GAD-7, and POMS scores remained stable across the three time points. On average, PXOs received 6.6 ± 0.65 hours of sleep per night on weeknights at SWSC, with about one additional hour of sleep on weekends. Conclusion These findings indicate that, while SWOs experienced an increase in perceived stress during the PXO course, their overall well-being is not substantively different from the general population. Participants appear to use weekends for additional restorative sleep, obtaining adequate amounts of sleep on weekends. We did not observe evidence of impairments in mental or physical wellness of SWOs attending the PXO course at SWSC. Support (if any)

0173 Improving Well-being by Changing the Shiftwork Schedules at U.S. Navy Watchfloors

Abstract Introduction Watchfloors provide around-the-clock information, intelligence, and technical support to the U.S. military. Active-duty service members (ADSMs) working on these 24/7 watchfloors stand watches to include night shifts and/or frequent shift rotations. Tailoring shiftwork schedules to optimize individual sleep patterns may reduce the negative effects of shiftwork. The purpose of this study was to test whether a new shiftwork schedule would improve ADSM well-being and sleep. Methods ADSMs (N=79; 83.5% males, 91.2% enlisted, 19 to 54 years of age) participated in a two-phase quasi-experimental longitudinal study to assess well-being and sleep before and after the implementation of a new shiftwork schedule. Both schedules involved three rotating shifts: day shift (0730-1530), evening shift (1320-2330), and night shift (2330-0730). The old schedule had 5 successive days on-shift (5-on/4-off) and the new schedule had 4 successive days on-shift (4-on/4-off). Shifts rotated after every off period. Standardized questionnaires were administered while participants were on the old schedule (study start) and ~5 months after switching to the new schedule. The questionnaires included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Sleep was monitored using wearable devices (ŌURA rings). Results POMS total mood disturbance scores were lower (i.e., better) on the new schedule (p&amp;lt; 0.001), as were several POMS sub-scale scores including tension (p&amp;lt; 0.001), depression (p&amp;lt; 0.001), anger (p=0.014), confusion (p&amp;lt; 0.001), and vigor (p=0.029). There was a statistical trend for a decrease in ISI scores from the old schedule to the new schedule (p=0.067). Sleep duration, PSQI, and ESS scores did not differ between schedules (all p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion Implementation of a new shiftwork schedule that was tailored to worker sleep patterns was associated with decreased mood disturbance, improvement in negative mood states (e.g., depression and tension), and reduced insomnia symptom severity. Also, the research team received several anecdotal reports of high levels of worker satisfaction with the new schedule. This study demonstrates the positive real-world effects of using basic sleep and circadian methods to tailor shiftwork schedules to improve the well-being of military personnel. Support (if any)

0146 Associations Between Mood and Sleep Architecture in Sedentary Office Workers

Abstract Introduction Sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in particular, has been suggested to play an important role in mood regulation. Currently, most of this research has come from laboratory settings under constrained conditions; less is known about one’s sleep in their own home. The purpose of this study was to further examine the associations between home-based polysomnography (PSG) sleep parameters and mood disturbance. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 120 inactive adults with desk-based jobs (52.5% female, 43.8±10.7 y) who were enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS); its 7 subscales (tension, anger, fatigue, depression, esteem-affect, vigor, confusion) were summed (with a constant of 100) to generate a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score with a higher score indicating greater TMD. Sleep stages were assessed after a full workday using one night of at-home PSG. Multiple linear regression models examined associations between sleep stages and mood adjusting for age, gender, and whether the assessment occurred pre- or post-COVID-19 emergence. Results The mean TMD score was 98.6±18.3. On average, participants slept for 397.4±60.0 minutes with a sleep efficiency of 84.6±9.1%. The mean percentage of time spent in REM sleep was 22.5±6.6%; the mean percentage of time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, stage 1 (N1), stage 2 (N2), and stage 3 (N3) sleep were 7.8±5.0%, 53.7±10.1%, and 16.0±9.1%, respectively. A greater percentage of REM sleep was associated with lower TMD (β=-0.22, p=0.01). A greater percentage of N1 sleep was also associated with lower TMD (β=-0.23, p=0.01). However, neither percent of N2 nor N3 sleep were associated with TMD (p=0.10 and p=0.12, respectively). Conclusion Overall, the findings of this study support current literature that suggests REM sleep plays a significant role in mood regulation. They also suggest, aside from N1 sleep, NREM sleep may not impact mood disturbance. In the future, the effects of sleep architecture on mood disturbance could further be explored through randomized controlled trials. Support (if any) This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL134809 and R01HL147610.

0451 Dronabinol Plus Acetazolamide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Proof of Concept and Mechanistic Exploration Study

Abstract Introduction Current treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) typically target the anatomical pathophysiological endotype and are either not tolerated or effective in a significant proportion of patients. Pharmaceuticals may provide an alternative therapeutic option and may address some or all of the remaining endotypes (loop gain, muscle compensation and arousal threshold). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study examined the effect of combination acetazolamide and dronabinol (IHL-42X) at low, medium and high doses on OSA severity and the OSA endotypes. Methods Participants with OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index; AHI≥15events/hr) received 1-week of IHL-42X at each of the 3 doses and 1-week of placebo, each separated by 1-week washout. The change from baseline in AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), Epworth sleepiness score (ESS), and mood (profile of mood states) on the final night of each treatment arm relative to placebo were the major endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout. Exploratory analyses examined the change in OSA endotypes determined from polysomnography from baseline values. Results Ten of 11 participants (mean baseline AHI 40.7events/hr) completed the final night of at least one treatment arm. All doses of IHL-42X demonstrated a significant reduction in AHI from baseline when compared with placebo (low, -19.7±27.1; medium, -17.5±23.3; high, -16.4±23.8 versus placebo, -2.8±21.0events/hr; all p&amp;lt; 0.05). The change from baseline in ODI3% at the low, medium and high doses of IHL-42X (-15.2±24.8; -15.4±19.0 and -8.3±13.2events/hr, respectively) were not significantly different from placebo (-2.8±21.0events/hr). IHL-42X did not significantly alter ESS or mood. No serious AEs occurred. However, 31 mild-moderate possibly, probably or treatment related AEs occurred during IHL-42X dosing (4 at the low dose) and 4 occurred during placebo. Relative to baseline, loop gain decreased by 15, 21 and 20% (Cohen’s d all ≥0.59) at the low, medium and high doses, respectively, and collapsibility improved by 12.5% (d=1.06) at the low dose only. Conclusion One week of nightly IHL-42X at all doses was well tolerated, safe and associated with significant reductions in OSA severity. IHL-42X may act to reduce OSA severity by decreasing loop gain and upper airway collapsibility, particularly at the low dose. Support (if any) Incannex Healthcare Ltd supported this study.