Expert Profiles Research Articles

The temporal value of local scientific expertise

Abstract Inventors located in a vibrant scientific community enjoy faster access to relevant publications. The key role of the local scientific community is to provide access to global knowledge and not necessarily to feed the colocated inventors with direct inputs. We develop the logic for these effects and provide empirical tests using dyads of publication and patent data. We develop a model that links scientific knowledge, codified through publication, to industry’s inventive activity. Our analysis includes three key steps. First, we characterize the knowledge profile of local expertise for French NUTS3 jurisdictions. Second, we match scientific publications to industrial patents to consider the specific scientific knowledge useful to industrial invention. Finally, we examine the extent to which the presence of a local related scientific knowledge base provides utility for local inventions. Specifically, we consider the ability of local inventions to more rapidly avail themselves of scientific knowledge when located in a munificent location. We find that location reduces the timing to access to relevant worldwide publications by almost 1 year. Thus, colocation with scientific experts provides inventors a timing advantage by allowing earlier exploitation of recent global scientific discoveries.

Professional Profile of Communication Experts in the Public Administration in Bulgaria

This paper presents the results of a study of the professional profile of communication experts in the public administration in Bulgaria. It is part of a project focused on public communications in the public administration in the country. A review of previous local studies of the public communications of the state administration was carried out. The research was conducted in 2021 in a survey filled out by 182 respondents who work as communication experts in state structures such as the Council of Ministers, ministries, state agencies, state commissions, regional administration, municipal administration, and state medical institutions, state universities, etc. The results summarize the skills of PR experts in the state administration in the following main directions: strategic competencies, narrative competencies, and technological competencies.

Determination of Profiles of Agricultural Insurance Pool Experts and their Evaluation of the Related System: A Case of Manisa Region

Bu araştırmada bitkisel ürün sigortaları eksperlerinin profillerinin belirlenmesi ve tarım sigortaları sistemi konusunda görüş ve önerilerine yer verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Tarım Sigortaları Havuzu Manisa Bölge Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı 62 bitkisel ürün sigortaları eksperi ile online anket yolu ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veri seti ile frekans, yüzde ve ortalama gibi temel tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden yararlanılarak ve logit analizi kullanılarak, bulunan sonuçlar çizelgelerde sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Ankete katılan eksperlerin yılda ortalama 81,94 gün eksperlik yaptığı ve %46,77’sinin eksperlik yaparak elde ettiği gelirden memnun oldukları belirlenmiştir. Eksperlerin, eksperliği bırakıp farklı bir işte çalışmayı düşünme durumlarına etki eden faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen logit analizi sonuçlarına göre; eksperlerin yaşı, gelir durumu, eksperlikten elde edilen gelirden memnuniyet durumu ve ‘Eksperlik tek başına yapılabilecek bir iştir’ ifadesine katılma durumunun negatif etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Extracting the Wisdom of a Smaller Crowd from Dependent Quantile Judgments

The task of this paper is to harness the wisdom of a crowd without calibration. We assume each expert to form predictions by linearly combining various information cues inspired by the lens model, and use Gaussian process to account for sampling and judgmental errors in quantile judgments. Without knowing the experts’ observed information cues, we develop a three-step estimation algorithm to factor quantile judgments into “variable profiles” (latent cues underlying each variable of interest) and “expert profiles” (each expert’s weights over these cues). We can inquire about expert similarity using their weights of the latent cues, which preserve the same clustering results as the actual weights of the observed cues up to a full-rank linear transform. We can then depict the diversity and dependency among experts explicitly and retain a subcrowd by picking delegates from each subgroup of experts based on the estimated weights. Simulation and case studies demonstrate that a subcrowd selected this way can represent the entire expert panel well.

Teaching Islamic Law at Public Universities in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia

As one of the world’s great legal systems, Islamic law is taught at many academic institutions, using different methodological approaches and within differen institutional frameworks. The subject of this study is the teaching of Islamic law at public universities in the countries of the former Yugoslavia. It is based on the analysis of teaching curricula, textbooks, and additional literature used for courses at graduate, postgraduate and doctoral levels.At almost all law schools in the former Yugoslav member states that were the subject of this study, Islamic law is taught within the framework of General Political and Legal History or Comparative Legal History/Traditions and Political and Legal History or National Legal History. Within these subjects, Islamic law is taught within a comparative historical and legal perspective and as part of previous positive law under the Ottoman state.The scope of Islamic legal studies varies by state, however. For example, at the law faculties of the universities of Sarajevo, Belgrade, and Skopje, it is broadly taught at all three levels, while at the universities of Ljubljana and Podgorica it is not taught at all. In Sarajevo, Belgrade and Skopje, Islamic law is taught together with other great legal systems in historical and contemporary context, modelled on contemporary approaches to the study of Islamic law and legal cultures in general at academic institutions around the world. Bearing in mind the turbulent history of these states, the marginalisation of religion (and so of religious law) during the socialist period, and the fact that these faculties educate secular legal experts, the extent to which Islamic law is taught at public universities is satisfactory for the profile of experts being educated by them.

Improving the legal mechanisms of interaction between national, international and foreign entities in the implementation of the Megascience projects

A present-day scientific experiment requires organized and self-organizing interaction of hundreds and thousands of specialists. We can offer some recommendations for improvement of the legal mechanisms of international scientific and technical cooperation. The creation of a unified national infrastructure supporting international scientific and technical cooperation of Russian organizations and research teams should be singled out as a separate project within the framework of a federal target program. It seems necessary to develop a special contract system for organizations participating in the Megascience projects, as well as a procedure for selection, monitoring and reporting standards. The issues of recruitment and training of the personnel involved in the functioning of the infrastructure of the Megascience projects are of particular relevance: competency profiles of experts in the management of international research projects should be developed, and the issues of their educating should be resolved as well. An important mechanism of interaction between national, international and foreign entities within the framework of the implementation of the Megascience projects is the creation of a single specialized web portal that would combine the resources of all the participants, simplify and accelerate interaction between research teams, and provide users with the necessary methodological support, in the national language as well. The improvement of legal mechanisms for attracting international and foreign entities for the implementation of the Megascience projects should be based on the creation of an infrastructure that provides administrative, financial, organizational, and legal support for research teams. At the same time, this activity should take into account the opinion of scientists themselves and never directly interfere in scientific and technological processes, allowing for a flexible approach to solving various issues.

“They Are Such an Asshole”: Describing the Targets of a Common Insult Among English-Speakers in the United States

Insults convey information about the speaker’s perception of the target’s personality. Previous research has found that several commonly used insults (“asshole,” “dick,” “bitch”) are uniformly associated with self- and other-reported antagonism (or low Agreeableness). We aimed to replicate and extend these findings by focusing on “asshole,” a common insult used to refer to both men and women. In the present study, participants (n = 397) described the “biggest assholes” in their lives using a measure of the Five-Factor Model of personality. “Assholes” described by participants were typically middle-aged, predominantly male, and included romantic partners, coworkers, bosses, family members, and friends. Results showed that “assholes” were perceived to be characterized by interpersonally relevant traits (i.e., low Agreeableness, high Anger). The consensus Five-Factor Model profile for target “assholes” was similar to expert profiles of psychopathic, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders. Exploratory analyses conducted on open-ended descriptions of nominated bothersome “asshole-related” behaviors revealed common themes including manipulation, aggression, irresponsibility, and entitlement.

Blockchain-based Ubiquitous Learning Method towards Higher Education security

In the last fifteen years, the acceleration of technology and information has been accelerating from year to year. Along with the ongoing digitalization, which brings different problems, issues that often arise regarding the preparation of the current workforce are moving towards further education. In this preparation, pragmatic and hypothetical information can emerge from various containers, mean and channels, whether formal or causal. In addition, it is very difficult to evaluate the level of information skills that students acquire in order to increase their chances of finding jobs in the future. This, along with the need to oversee general education programs, the issue of certainty when approving these files and distinguishing them from original information, and so on, implies that administration in further education needs new, progressive instruments. This work assesses the advantages of blockchain innovation (or delivered notes) and supports a decentralized certainty model for blockchain ubiquitous deployments. In this methodology, blockchain is used to oversee transactions of substance, education and abilities, evaluated with the approval of students, mentors and businesses, to remove for the last time the "gap" between academia and the world of work. This paper intends to address the pervasive, open and ubiquitous current challenges of continuing education. The proposed model can be implemented in any preparatory organization to tailor instructions to the specific needs of an expert profile approved by superiors at the second summit. This model is approved by the method for models with results that more than just acknowledge.

GeneTonic: an R/Bioconductor package for streamlining the interpretation of RNA-seq data

BackgroundThe interpretation of results from transcriptome profiling experiments via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can be a complex task, where the essential information is distributed among different tabular and list formats—normalized expression values, results from differential expression analysis, and results from functional enrichment analyses. A number of tools and databases are widely used for the purpose of identification of relevant functional patterns, yet often their contextualization within the data and results at hand is not straightforward, especially if these analytic components are not combined together efficiently.ResultsWe developed the GeneTonic software package, which serves as a comprehensive toolkit for streamlining the interpretation of functional enrichment analyses, by fully leveraging the information of expression values in a differential expression context. GeneTonic is implemented in R and Shiny, leveraging packages that enable HTML-based interactive visualizations for executing drilldown tasks seamlessly, viewing the data at a level of increased detail. GeneTonic is integrated with the core classes of existing Bioconductor workflows, and can accept the output of many widely used tools for pathway analysis, making this approach applicable to a wide range of use cases. Users can effectively navigate interlinked components (otherwise available as flat text or spreadsheet tables), bookmark features of interest during the exploration sessions, and obtain at the end a tailored HTML report, thus combining the benefits of both interactivity and reproducibility.ConclusionGeneTonic is distributed as an R package in the Bioconductor project (https://bioconductor.org/packages/GeneTonic/) under the MIT license. Offering both bird’s-eye views of the components of transcriptome data analysis and the detailed inspection of single genes, individual signatures, and their relationships, GeneTonic aims at simplifying the process of interpretation of complex and compelling RNA-seq datasets for many researchers with different expertise profiles.

A network approach to expertise retrieval based on path similarity and credit allocation

With the increasing availability of online scholarly databases, publication records can be easily extracted and analysed. Researchers can promptly keep abreast of others’ scientific production and, in principle, can select new collaborators and build new research teams. A critical factor one should consider when contemplating new potential collaborations is the possibility of unambiguously defining the expertise of other researchers. While some organisations have established database systems to enable their members to manually produce a profile, maintaining such systems is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in retrieving expertise through automated approaches. Indeed, the identification of researchers’ expertise is of great value in many applications, such as identifying qualified experts to supervise new researchers, assigning manuscripts to reviewers, and forming a qualified team. Here, we propose a network-based approach to the construction of authors’ expertise profiles. Using the MEDLINE corpus as an example, we show that our method can be applied to a number of widely used data sets and outperforms other methods traditionally used for expertise identification.

AUDIT COMMITTEE CHAIR CHARACTERISTICS, AND AUDITOR DISMISSAL IN A GOING CONCERN CONTEXT

This study examines the role audit committee chair expertise may play in fostering audit quality. The 2002 Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted to strengthen corporate governance practices in the United States; a fundamental part of this act addressed the audit committee structure and composition. Existing literature suggests that audit committee expertise may improve audit quality. In this study I use a logistic model to compare audit committee chair expertise characteristics for first-time going concern opinion firms that dismissed and did not dismiss the auditor after receiving the going concern opinion for the years 2008-2016 with that of firms that received clean opinions and dismissed or did not dismiss the auditor. I find that audit committee chairs with financial expertise, audit expertise, governance expertise and industry expertise are negatively associated with auditor dismissal. This suggests that firms with these audit committee chair expertise profiles may facilitate better audit quality. Moreover, the chair’s audit expertise, industry expertise and financial expertise are differentially significant in the going concern context indicating that these expertise types may temper management’s inclination to dismiss auditors after undesirable opinions. JEL Classification Codes: M41, M42, M49.

Conceptual Framework of Kxpert:Knowledge-Based Information Retrieval for Expert Profiling

With the constant demand for expertise within organisation, especially in boosting the credibility of experts in the organisation, it is a need to bring forth a simple yet effective knowledge-based expert profiling based on information retrieved from credential publication sites. A number of frameworks from previous authors are analysed to propose one sound framework for a case university, to improve its existing research expert database, to make it more efficient in the information retrieval process and knowledge repository technique. Knowledge expertise mapping is proposed to be part of the whole mechanism for the conceptual framework called kXpert in this paper. The choice of credential knowledge sources is highlighted due to the updated information made available on the sites that are based on the published works of the internal experts. Very rare that this information is referred to on daily basis when there is a need to find expertise, thinking that the existing database has it all. The proposed conceptual framework presented in this paper is the work to be completed in the next phase, and can be customised for other organisations, industries and purposes.

Expertise Locator For Lecturers Based on Publication

Among the KM processes that function to guarantee access to knowledge is knowledge sharing. This process allows knowledge assets and experiences possessed by the organization to be accessed by anyone in the organization. Especially by using IT, this process can be done more optimally by capturing existing knowledge into a system so that this valuable information can be monitored anytime and anywhere. There are times when the knowledge possessed by experts is difficult to capture and represent in the system as in the case of tacit knowledgesuch as instincts, insights, and experiences of the experts. One of the challenges in inventorying these experts is the process of creating expert profiles automatically based on a particular approach. This research create an Expert Locator for lecturers who are considered as experts in their field of research using publication data produced by these lecturers as an indication of their expertise. The search feature is made as an implementation of the extraction results that can be used by other parties to find experts by entering keywords in the form of the desired expertise.

Profil eksperta održivog razvoja

Sustainable development, as a conceptual phrase that encompasses the struggle of endangered humanity for salvation, appeared at the end of the 20th century, ie. at a time when the world is facing a multitude of existential threats posed by man's own negligence towards nature and himself. These threats include the caused natural deformations of the climate and the environment, on the one hand, and mutual destructive national interests of exploitative and existential character (war, terrorist, hegemonic, migrant, etc.), on the other hand. In this context, sustainable development is reduced to the possible development of society in all areas, which can last indefinitely, as well as be replaced by new development that has the same characteristics. That is why the United Nations (UN) and other major world organizations in recent years have agendas, resolutions, conventions and the like. began the struggle for the frontal world introduction of saving sustainable development. However, this largest and most complex world endeavor has just begun, and in order to be successful, it needs to be adequately systematized and organized - which needs to be resolved quickly. In such a current world reality, a very important role is played by political and professional factors that should achieve sustainable development at all levels. There is very little talk about that in the current scientific literature, so it is necessary to elaborate on the scientific-professional factor as more complex than the political one, which is what this scientific paper deals with. For its preparation, an appropriately prepared internal research project was used, in which all ideological factors (problem, subject, goals, hypotheses and research methods) were defined - with a brief overview of Serbia as an example of sustainable development. Accordingly, in this scientific paper, several important scientific information has been identified, especially related to the profile, role and organization of experts in sustainable development, as a scientific and professional factor in that.

Investigating the information value of different sources of evidence of developers’ expertise for bug assignment in open‐source projects

Bug assignment (BA), the process of ranking developers according to their potential ability to fix a given bug, is an important software-engineering task. BA usually requires the development of an expertise profile for each developer, and formulation of a similarity metric to estimate the relevance of developers to the bug. This needs us to answer the following question: ‘what is the information value of various contributions of developers in BA research?’ We address this question by making the following contributions. (i) We enhance the expertise metric of our prior work, vocabulary and time-based BA, to consider information regarding various sources of expertise with different importance. We show that this can improve the effectiveness of bug-assignment process. (ii) Using this ‘Multisource’ expertise metric, we investigate the information value of different pieces of information in open-source repositories for BA. We show that in addition to bug-fixing contributions, other technical and even social contributions of developers within the version-control system are useful information for BA. (iii) We provide a curated, up-to-date data set including technical information of 13 popular open-source projects in Github. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive data set, currently available for bug-assignment research.

Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms

Abstract Are candidates with “dark” personality profiles more likely to go negative? We triangulate data for the 2018 Senate Midterms in the United States from two independent sources (the automated coding of social media posts and an expert survey) and test the extent to which the candidates’ “dark” personality traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are associated with their negativity and incivility. By and large, we find that this is the case, especially when combining the separate traits into broader indicators of “dark” personality (“dark core” and underlying personality dimensions). These results resist robustness checks via models run with alternative specifications, such as using measures of personality (and campaign) that are adjusted to filter out the ideological profile of experts, additional covariates, more restrictive modelling, and alternative measurement of key dependent variables.

Tag's Depth-Based Expert Profiling Using a Topic Modeling Technique

Expert finding and expert profiling are two important tasks for organizations, researchers, and work seekers. This importance can also be seen in online communities especially with the explosion of social networks. Expert finding on one hand addresses the task of finding the right person with the appropriate knowledge or skills. Expert profiling on the other hand gives a concise and meaningful description of a candidate expert. This paper focuses on what social tagging can bring to improve expert finding and profiling. A novel expertise indicator that models and assesses an expert based on the expert's tagging activities is proposed. First, tags are used as interest indicator to build candidate's profiles; then, Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm (LDA) is used to construct the tags distribution over topics by exploiting the tag's semantic characteristics. Topics of interest are then filtered using tag's depth. The latter is finally used as the expertise indicator. Experiments performed on the stack overflow dataset show the accuracy of the proposed approach.

Modelling Burglary Susceptibility – An Expert Judgement Approach

Developing a model allow a better understanding of the nature of a complicated phenomenon. With advancement of tools and technology, model development has been applied widely to mimic the phenomena of interest, spatial or non-spatial wise, allowing a guided decision making to be made. In this paper, the phenomena of burglary vulnerability and susceptibility are modelled based on expert opinion input to create a model that imitates the expert profiling of burglary occurrences, which is dependent on individual expert wisdom and experience in handling the burglary investigation. Due to seriousness of burglary crime offences in Malaysia, especially the urban areas, a prediction model is needed to correlates the factor of crime and further estimates the spatial susceptibility to work hand in hand with other government initiatives in reducing crime. Eighteen (18) indicators and 63 sub-indicators has been identified to be significant in defining the susceptibility of burglary. Apart from input of rating and ranking of indicators and sub-indicators obtained from questionnaire distribution to expert in handling burglary, the geospatial based data were also incorporated into the model to add the element of spatial accuracy in susceptibility prediction. The geospatial data includes the distribution of burglary incidence from 2010 – 2016, the census data, the building footprint data and the demarcation area. For the collected questionnaire feedback, the procedure of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were adapted to determine the weight value considering the rating input of expert from the distributed questionnaire. The input of weight and scoring were applied to the corresponding spatial features and combined with the operation of weighted sum to yield the total burglary susceptibility of a place. The results of the model were validated with the real reported burglary frequency based on True Positive Rate correlation matrix. The model validation finds that the model have a sensitivity of 82% in classifying the burglary susceptibility of the building polygon inside the study area. However this model still requires some improvement as it is still lacking to perform the classification of incidence intensity correctly.

Professional profile of the distance education expert

The purpose studio is to present a referential framework focused on defining what is the professional profile of distance education expert, a specialist in higher education. For this, a qualitative-descriptive methodology will be used, based on literature scientific review, as well as empirical studies. To achieve, first the perspective of the field in the current labor market will be described. Second, the most common activities will be defined. Third, an interview process will be presented to fill the position. Fourth, the prospective of the field of work will be determined. Finally, the final considerations of this document will be outlined.

Putting UK research within reach

Putting UK research within reach