Profile Of Children Research Articles

Profiles of Children With Cortical Visual Impairment Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Retrospective Examination.

Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children today and can impact the outcomes of children who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This study provides baseline data of 13 children with CVI who used AAC during their first year of participation in an integrated CVI program. One purpose was to describe similarities and differences in the student's demographic, functional vision, communication, and educational profiles. A second purpose was to examine differences in students described with different communicator profiles. Archived student records were de-identified and reviewed using a systematic coding scheme. Two researchers independently reviewed and coded all student records. Reliability was established. Measures included CVI Range scores; supports for positioning, mobility, vision, and writing; AAC systems, including modes, access methods, and language representation; communicative competence; self-determination; literacy; and mathematics. The study yielded a rich description of similarities and differences among students at baseline and led to careful consideration of differences among the participants with emergent communicator and context-dependent communicator profiles. Currently, limited evidence exists that informs practice regarding AAC assessment and intervention for children with CVI. This article describes a small sample of children with CVI who use AAC. Results underscore the need for educators and practitioners to ensure that vision functioning in students with CVI is evaluated carefully and regularly when conducting AAC assessment and intervention and formulating communication or education goals. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357684.

Changes in Pre- and Post-adenoidectomy Bacterial Profile in Children With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

We aimed to investigate the difference between the bacterial profiles of the nasal cavities and adenoid surfaces of children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We also intended to determine and analyze the potential correlation between the pre- and post-adenoidectomy differences in the nasal bacterial profile and clinical prognosis. The clinical information of pediatric patients was collected. All the children underwent adenoidectomy (with or without tonsillectomy), and swab samples were collected during the operation. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used at 3, 6, and 12months postoperatively. At the 12-month follow-up examination, swab samples were collected again. PCR amplification was performed of the v3-v4 variable regions of 16S rRNA of the collected specimens, as well as high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform. The species information was obtained by OTUs clustering, species annotation, and α-diversity analysis. Twenty-two male and eight female pediatric patients were included in the investigation The most abundant genus level bacterial representatives on the nasal surface before adenoidectomy were Moraxella catarrh, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas on the surface of adenoids, they were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Nucleobacter, and Moraxella catarrhalis. One year postoperatively, the bacteria with the highest abundance on the nasal surface at the genus level were Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and non-culturable Dolosigranulum. One year postoperatively, the bacterial richness in the nasal cavity was significantly higher than at baseline (P < .05). Furthermore, the subjective nasal score of all children significantly decreased at 3, 6, and 12months postoperatively (P < .01). The preoperative bacterial abundance of the nasal cavity and the adenoid surfaces was similar, showing a clear correlation. No single specific bacterium was established to be a dominant species associated with the development of CRS in children. The post-adenoidectomy bacterial richness in the nasal cavity was significantly increased, which may be closely related to the relief of postoperative sinusitis symptoms.

Gut Microbiota Profiles in Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders.

The aim of our work is to summarize the current state of knowledge on gut microbiota differences in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. To find the relevant articles, the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Articles in English presenting original data and comparing the composition of gut microbiota in child psychiatric patients with gut microbiota in healthy children and adolescents were selected. Finally, we identified 55 articles eligible for our purpose. The majority of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were investigated. A smaller number of studies evaluating the gut microbiota in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Rett syndrome, anorexia nervosa, depressive disorder (DD), and tic disorders were found. The main findings of this research are discussed in our review, focusing on the age-related gut microbiota specificity for psychiatric disorders and the differences between individual diagnosis. To conclude, the gut microbiota in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders is evidently different from that in controls. The most pronounced differences are seen in children with ASD, less in ADHD. Moreover, the changes are not identical to those in adult psychiatric patients, as Ruminococcus, Turicibacter, and Bilophila were increased in adults, and decreased in children with ASD, and Parabacteroides and Alistipes were more frequently represented in adults, but less frequently represented in children with depression. The available data suggest some genera have a different abundance in individual psychiatric disorders (e.g., Bilophila, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus), suggesting their importance for the gut–brain axis. Other bacterial genera might be more important for the pathophysiology of specific disorder in children and adolescents, as Akkermansia and Desulfovibrio for ASD, or Romboutsia for DD. Based on the research findings, we assume that gut microbiota corrections have the potential to improve clinical symptoms in psychiatric patients.

First-grade multilingual students' executive function profiles and links to English reading achievement and difficulties: a person-centered latent profile analysis.

Although the important role of children's executive function (EF) in their reading development has been well-established, less is known about the extent to which multilingual children's EF components vary and whether the variability in different EF abilities explains multilingual children's English reading achievement. The present study explored the US first-grade multilingual children's (N = 3,819) profiles of EF abilities and how the profile membership was associated with their English reading achievement, using a nationally representative sample of multilingual children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K: 2011) study. We fit latent profile analysis with various EF components, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, approaches to learning, and attentional focus, and found three distinct EF profiles in multilingual children: (a) Below-Average EFs with Above-Average Cognitive Flexibility (10.13%), (b) Above-Average EFs (84.09%), and (c) Very Low Cognitive Flexibility (5.78%). Controlling for kindergarten English reading achievement scores and demographic variables, children in the Above-Average EFs profile attained a significantly higher English reading achievement score than their peers, while children in the Very Low Cognitive Flexibility group had the lowest English reading achievement score. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding multilingual children's heterogeneity in EF and have implications for the early identification of and tailored intervention for multilingual children at risk for reading difficulties.

P.220 Neuropsychological functioning in CMT type 2Z: A case report of language deficits masquerading as intellectual disability

CMT type 2Z is an increasingly studied form of CMT caused by mutation in the microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 gene (<i>MORC2</i>). Intellectual disability is commonly reported in the small available literature in individuals with CMT2Z; however, neuropsychological data is lacking in this population, and especially in children. Here we present a case report of an 8-year-old boy with genetically confirmed CMT2Z due to a <i>de novo</i> pathogenic variant in the <i>MORC2</i> gene. This boy was referred for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation by his neuromuscular multidisciplinary team. Results revealed a pattern of strengths and weaknesses consistent with parent report of developmental, language, and academic difficulties. However, overall thinking skills were highly variable, with Average visual and visuospatial skills in contrast to impaired verbal, working memory, and processing speed skills (WISC-V FSIQ=70, GAI=81; VCI=65, VSI=100, FRI=97, WMI=69, PSI=49). Level of independence day-to-day as rated by his mother fell in the impaired range (Vineland-3 ABC=67). Academic achievement was also impaired across skills (WIAT-III Early Reading Skills SS=40, Single Word Reading SS=52, Alphabet Writing Fluency SS=72, Spelling SS=51, Math Problem Solving SS=51, Numerical Operations SS=68). No clinically significant concerns were endorsed by his mother in terms of social-emotional functioning (i.e., externalizing, internalizing, or behavioral symptoms). Diagnostically, this child presents with a complex picture. Impairments in adaptive functioning raise concern for intellectual disability; however, given this child's uneven intellectual profile, with Average visual/visuospatial skills compared to impaired verbal skills, and impairments in virtually all other receptive and expressive language skills measured on exam, observed qualitatively, and reported by his mother, the most appropriate diagnosis is a language disorder. Children with language disorders have persistent difficulties in use of language due to deficits in production including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse. Children with language disorders also have difficulties learning adaptive skills and with academic learning, which is also consistent with this child's profile. More research is needed, but the neurocognitive profile of children with CMT2Z is likely more complex than currently reported.

Clinical, Etiological and Neuroimaging Profile in Children with Microcephaly Under Five Years of Age

Objective: To describe the clinical, etiological and neuroimaging profile of children with microcephaly at a tertiary care children hospital of Karachi Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at neurology outpatient department of National institute of child health (NICH) Karachi from 1st December 2020 to 30th November 2021. Methodology: Patients with microcephaly who presented to outpatient department of National Institute of Child Health (NICH) Karachi were included. Clinical history and physical examination findings were recorded in proforma and neuroimaging was done in all patients including computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of brain. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS 25.0. Results: Total 130 children were enrolled with mean age was 7.17 ±7.1 (range 1-41) months of which male were 57(43.5%) and females were 74(56.5%). Mean weight was 7.74 ±2.9 kg. Mean FOC was 40.6 ±3.3 (range 33-49) cm. common clinical symptoms for presentation were seizures 95 (73%) and developmental delay 95 (73%). Most frequent etiology was birth asphyxia 60 (46%), and neuroimaging shows brain atrophy in 32 (24%). Conclusion: In our study common cause of microcephaly was cerebral palsy and was commonly associated with of epilepsy, developmental delay, hearing and vision problems. Further plans are needed for prevention of perinatal asphyxia by regular antenatal checkups and delivery by trained person with co-ordination between pediatrician and obstetrics along with early identification of danger signs, which may improve outcome and prevent lifelong disabilities Keywords: Microcephaly; developmental delay; seizures.

Stability and transitions in school-aged children's physical education need satisfaction profiles: A latent transition analysis

This study examined stability and transitions of school-aged children's self-determination theory-based need satisfaction profiles in physical education (PE) over three years. Participants were 1121 (girls 573, boys 548) Finnish school children. The self-report data were assessed using identical procedures from 2017 to 2020. Three latent need satisfaction profiles were identified: Low, Mid, and High need satisfactions. Transitions mainly occurred between grade 5 and 6 in elementary school, after which the profile memberships remained relatively stable. The profile memberships were not school- or PE group dependent over time. These results indicate that school-based actions to achieve a positive impact on need satisfaction development could already be commenced in the early school years, as it may be more challenging to induce positive changes in student behaviours after children have transitioned to middle school.

Viral Infection Profile in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Results of Nationwide Study.

Viral infections can be a serious complication of therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, we focused on the incidence and the profile of viral infection in children with ALL treated in 17 pediatric oncology centers in Poland in the two-year periods of 2018–2019 and 2020–2021. We also compared the frequency of viral infections in 2018–2019 to that in 2020–2021. In 2020–2021, a total of 192 children with ALL had a viral infection during intensive chemotherapy. A total number of 312 episodes of viral infections were diagnosed. The most common infections detected in the samples were: COVID-19 (23%), rhinovirus (18%), and respiratory syncytial virus (14%). COVID-19 and BK virus infections were the reason for the death 1% of all patients. In 2018–2019, a total of 53 ALL patients who had a viral infection were reported and 72 viral events were observed, mainly adenovirus (48.6%), rotavirus (31.9%), and herpes zoster (8.3%). No deaths were reported during this period. The cumulative incidence of viral infections in 2018–2019 was 10.4%, while for 2020–2021, it was 36.7%. In conclusion, a high incidence of COVID-19 infection was observed among pediatric patients with ALL in Poland. The mortality rate in our material was low. The viral profile in ALL children undergoing chemotherapy can be useful for clinicians to improve prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

Ambient air pollution and inflammation-related proteins during early childhood

Background and aimExperimental studies show that short-term exposure to air pollution may alter cytokine concentrations. There is, however, a lack of epidemiological studies evaluating the association between long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation-related proteins in young children. Our objective was to examine whether air pollution exposure is associated with inflammation-related proteins during the first 2 years of life. MethodsIn a pooled analysis of two birth cohorts from Stockholm County (n = 158), plasma levels of 92 systemic inflammation-related proteins were measured by Olink Proseek Multiplex Inflammation panel at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years of age. Time-weighted average exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at residential addresses from birth and onwards was estimated via validated dispersion models. Stratified by sex, longitudinal cross-referenced mixed effect models were applied to estimate the overall effect of preceding air pollution exposure on combined protein levels, “inflammatory proteome”, over the first 2 years of life, followed by cross-sectional protein-specific bootstrapped quantile regression analysis. ResultsWe identified significant longitudinal associations of inflammatory proteome during the first 2 years of life with preceding PM2.5 exposure, while consistent associations with PM10 and NO2 across ages were only observed among girls. Subsequent protein-specific analyses revealed significant associations of PM10 exposure with an increase in IFN-gamma and IL-12B in boys, and a decrease in IL-8 in girls at different percentiles of proteins levels, at age 6 months. Several inflammation-related proteins were also significantly associated with preceding PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 exposures, at ages 1 and 2 years, in a sex-specific manner. ConclusionsAmbient air pollution exposure influences inflammation-related protein levels already during early childhood. Our results also suggest age- and sex-specific differences in the impact of air pollution on children's inflammatory profiles.

Distinct Immune Phenotypes and Cytokine Profiles in Children with Differing Severity of COVID-19.

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually mild and self-limited in children. However, a few Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections in children may progress to severe disease with respiratory distress or can result in a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. The immune mechanisms for these differential clinical outcomes are largely unknown.Methods:A prospective cohort study was performed to analyze the laboratory parameters, antibody response, immune phenotypes and cytokine profiles of 51 children with different clinical presentations of COVID-19.Results:We found that the absolute lymphocyte counts gradually decreased with disease severity. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in the acute phase and convalescence were not significantly different in patients with different disease severity. A decrease in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed as disease severity increased. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were activated in children with COVID-19, but no difference in the percentage of HLADR+-expressing cells was detected across the severity groups. In contrast, MIS-C patients exhibited augmented exhausted effector memory CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, the cytokine profile in sera of moderate/severe and MIS-C patients revealed an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-1RA and a suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α, RANTES, eotaxin and PDGF-BB. MIS-C patients also exhibited augmented IL-1β.Conclusions:We report distinct immune profiles dependent on severity in pediatric COVID-19 patients. Further investigation in a larger population will help unravel the immune mechanisms underlying pediatric COVID-19.

Effect of the food processing degree on cardiometabolic health outcomes: A prospective approach in childhood

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has increased greatly over the last decades but its impact on health remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective effect of different degrees of food processing on children's cardiometabolic profile. Children from the Portuguese population-based birth cohort Generation XXI evaluated at 7 and 10 years of age (y), with dietary information at 7y and anthropometric measurements at 10y, were included in the present study (n=3034). Dietary data were collected by 3-day food diaries and all reported food items were classified according to the degree of processing using the NOVA classification system. The daily consumption of the NOVA classification groups was calculated (in grams, as a proportion of total grams and total energy intake). The cardiometabolic outcomes included were serum markers [fasting glucose, insulin, blood lipids], anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)], body composition [fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM)] and blood pressure (BP). Age- and sex-specific sample z-scores were obtained for all outcomes. Principal Component Analysis was used to identify a potential cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate the association between the consumption according to the processing degree (as absolute gram intake) and the individual cardiometabolic risk factors and cluster, adjusted for child's sex, maternal age and education and remaining NOVA groups. A mediation role of children's BMI in the previous analysis were tested. At 7y, the daily median consumption of un/minimally processed, processed and UPF was 1210g, 113g and 433g (68%, 6% and 25% of the total grams, as well as 51%, 15% and 31% of the total energy intake, respectively). After adjustment, an increase of 100g in the consumption of un/minimally processed at 7y was associated with a lower BMI (βˆ=-0.028; 95%CI:-0.043;-0.014), WC (βˆ=-0.020; 95%CI:-0.032;-0.008), FM (βˆ=-0.023; 95%CI:-0.035;-0.011), insulin (βˆ=-0.022; 95%CI:-0.036;-0.008) and BP (systolic BP: βˆ=-0.014; 95%CI:-0.025;-0.004; diastolic BP: βˆ=-0.013; 95%CI:-0.020;-0.005), at 10y. BMI was a mediator between the consumption of un/minimally processed foods and BP. Positive associations were found between consumption of processed foods and the cluster 'higher blood pressure', while an inverse association was described between un/minimally processed and the cluster 'higher blood pressure'. No significant associations were found between the UPF consumption and any cardiometabolic outcomes. High consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods has a favourable effect on later children's cardiometabolic health, namely lower body weight and body fat, lower waist circumference, blood pressure insulin serum levels.

The Diagnostic Period for Autism: Risk and Protective Factors for Family Quality of Life in Early Childhood.

During the diagnostic evaluation period for autism or intellectual disability (ID), families of young children are at risk for poor adjustment. The present study aimed to document family quality of life (FQOL), along with associated risk and protective factors, during this critical step of families' services trajectory. FQOL was measured in a large sample of families of children recently diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder and examined in relation to the type of services received, children's clinical profile, and family variables. FQOL was related to types of services, children's challenging behavior, parenting stress, and several aspects of family composition and status. These findings highlight a need for mental health support for parents, coaching interventions for challenging behaviors, and family-centered supports.

Altered Lung Microbiome and Metabolome Profile in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Congenital Heart Disease.

BackgroundsPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular functional and structural changes, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and eventually right heart failure and death. Congenital Left-to-Right shunts (LTRS) is one type of congenital heart disease (CHD) and PAH associated with the congenital Left-to-Right shunt (PAH-LTRS) is a severe disease in children. However, changes in the lung microbiome and their potential impact on PAH-LTRS have not been not fully studied. We hypothesized that lung microbiota and their derived metabolites have been disturbed in children with PAH-LTRS, which might contribute to the progression and outcomes of PAH-LTRS.MethodsIn this study, 68 age- and sex-matched children of three different groups (patients with PAH-LTRS cohort, patients with LTRS but have no pathologic features of PAH cohort, and healthy reference cohort) were enrolled in the current study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from these participants were conducted for multi-omics analysis, including 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic profiling. Data progressing and integration analysis were performed to identify pulmonary microbial and metabolic characteristics of PAH-LTRS in children.ResultsWe found that microbial community density was not significantly altered in PAH-LTRS based on α-diversity analysis. Microbial composition analysis indicated phylum of Bacteroidetes was that less abundant while Lactobacillus, Alicycliphilus, and Parapusillimonas were significantly altered and might contribute to PAH in children with LTRS. Moreover, metabolome profiling data showed that metabolites involved in Purine metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Galactose metabolism, and Pyrimidine metabolism were also significantly disturbed in the PAH-LTRS cohort. Correlation analysis between microbes and metabolites indicated that alterations in the microbial composition from the lung microbiota could eventually result in the disturbance in certain metabolites, and might finally contribute to the pathology of PAH-LTRS.ConclusionLung microbial density was not significantly altered in patients with PAH-LTRS. Composition analysis results showed that the relative microbiome abundance was different between groups. Metabolome profiling and correlation analysis with microbiota showed that metabolome also altered in children with PAH-LTRS. This study indicated that pulmonary microbes and metabolites disturbed in PAH-LTRS could be potentially effective biomarkers and provides valuable perspectives on clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric PAH-LTRS.

Assessment of Central Auditory Processing Impairment and Cognitive Profiles in Children with Specific Learning Disabilities

Assessment of Central Auditory Processing Impairment and Cognitive Profiles in Children with Specific Learning Disabilities

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment.

Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) has become the leading cause of children’s visual impairment in developed countries. Since CVI may negatively affect neuropsychomotor development, an early diagnosis and characterization become fundamental to define effective habilitation approaches. To date, there is a lack of standardized diagnostic methods to assess CVI in children, and the role of visual functions in children’s neuropsychological profiles has been poorly investigated. In the present paper, we aim to describe the clinical and neuropsychological profiles and to investigate the possible effects of visual functions on neuropsychological performance of a cohort of children diagnosed with CVI. Fifty-one children with CVI were included in our retrospective analysis (inclusion criteria: verbal IQ > 70 in Wechsler scales; absence of significant ocular involvement). For each participant, we collected data on neuropsychological assessment (i.e., cognitive, cognitive visual, and learning abilities), basic visual functions (e.g., Best Corrected Visual Acuity—BCVA, contrast sensitivity, and ocular motor abilities) and global development features (e.g., neurological signs and motor development delay) based on standardized tests, according to patients’ ages. The results showed that oculomotor dysfunction involving saccades and smooth pursuit may be a core symptom of CVI and might have a significant impact on cognitive visual and other neuropsychological abilities. Furthermore, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity may influence cognitive, cognitive visual, and academic performances. Our findings suggest the importance of a comprehensive assessment of both visual and neuropsychological functions in children when CVI is suspected, which is needed to provide a more comprehensive functional profile and define the best habilitation strategy to sustain functional vision.

Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Bile Acid Profiles in Children With Biliary Atresia.

BackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is the most common cholestatic liver disease in neonates. Herein, we aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota and fecal bile acid profiles of BA patients, defining the correlations between them, and evaluating the relationship between the clinical pathogenesis and changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid profiles.MethodsA total of 84 fecal samples from BA patients (n = 46) and matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 38) were subjected to sequencing by 16S rRNA gene amplification, and fecal bile acid were analyzed by targeted metabolomics.FindingsCompared with the controls, a structural separation of the intestinal flora of BA patients was uncovered, which was accompanied by changes in the composition of fecal bile acids. In the BA group, Actinobacillus, Monoglobus, and Agathobacter were enriched in patients without cholangitis (p < 0.05). Selenomonadaceae and Megamonas were more abundant in patients without recurrent cholangitis episodes (p < 0.05), while Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were enriched in patients with multiple recurrences of cholangitis (p < 0.05). Postoperative jaundice clearance was associated with Campylobacter and Rikenellaceae (p < 0.05), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid was associated with jaundice clearance (p < 0.001).ConclusionBA patients are characterized by different compositions of gut microbiota and bile acids, and their interaction is involved in the process of liver damage in BA, which may be closely related to the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis and jaundice clearance.

Heterogeneity of Cognitive Profiles in Children and Adolescents with Mild Intellectual Disability (MID).

Mild Intellectual Disability (MID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood and is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ = 55–69) and adaptive behavior that manifests in everyday living. In addition to these specific criteria, clinical practice shows that the population of children with MID has heterogeneous deficits in cognitive functioning. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify groups of homogenous cognitive profiles within a heterogeneous population of students with MID. The cognitive profiles of 16,411 participants with Mild Intellectual Disability were assessed based on their performance on the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales–Fifth Edition. Prior to the assessment, participants were divided into three age groups corresponding to the levels of the Polish education system: (1) 7;00–9;11, (2) 10;00–14;11, and (3) 15;00–18;11 years old. Using cluster analysis, we identified three distinct cognitive profiles (clusters) in each age group. These clusters differed from each other within and between each age group. Distinguishing cognitive profiles among children and adolescents with MID is important both in the context of diagnosis as well as the development of research-based interventions for these students.

Profile of Children with Guillain Barre Syndrome from tertiary Centre in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: a Prospective Observational Study

Profile of Children with Guillain Barre Syndrome from tertiary Centre in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: a Prospective Observational Study

0511 Sleep Profiles in Children with 22q Deletion Syndrome: A Study of 100 Consecutive Children seen in a Multidisciplinary Clinic

Abstract Introduction While previous studies have suggested a high prevalence of sleep disorders in children with 22q deletion syndrome (22qDS), they were limited by potential selection bias. In the current investigation, we assessed sleep characteristics in 100 consecutive children presenting to a multidisciplinary clinic. Methods Chart review of consecutive children presenting to 22qDS multidisciplinary clinic was performed. Children aged 2 to 17 years of age were included, and data were abstracted including sleep characteristics (sleep history, Childhood Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ], and free response questions), comorbid medical conditions, and demographics. Results Overall, 100 children were included in analysis, 85% of whom had scores on the CSHQ consistent with clinically meaningful sleep disorder. Sleep problems were common in all domains of the CSHQ, including daytime sleepiness (66%), sleep onset delay (54%), parasomnias (52%), night wakings (52%), sleep disordered breathing (49%), sleep duration (45%), bedtime resistance (38%), and sleep anxiety (33%). Overall CSHQ score was significantly associated with daytime behavioral problems and speech delay (F(2,97) = 10.4, p &amp;lt;0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.16). The most common interventions reported to be helpful for sleep by parents were behavioral (routine, bedtime story), environmental (light avoidance at night, calming music), and pharmacologic (melatonin, clonidine). Conclusion These data confirm a high prevalence of sleep disorders in a large, unselected sample of children with 22qDS, and suggest an important relationship between sleep dysfunction and daytime behavioral challenges. Our findings highlight the potential role for multimodal treatment approaches including behavioral, environmental, and pharmacologic interventions. Support (If Any)

Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status and Sensory Profile in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may consume a restricted diet, whether due to sensory sensitivities or an adherence to a gluten and casein free (GCF) diet. Our objective was to analyze dietary intake, nutritional status, and sensory profile in children with and without ASD. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 65 children (3–12 years, ASD = 35, typical development (TD) = 30). Short Sensory Profile and food frequency questionnaires were applied. All participants were categorized into normal weight and excess weight, typical sensory performance (TP), and probable + definite difference (PD + DD); and ASD group into GCF dieters (ASD-diet) and non-dieters (ASD-no diet). Children with ASD had a higher intake (gr or ml/d) of vegetable drinks (p = 0.001), gluten-free cereals (p = 0.003), and a lower intake of fish (p < 0.001) than TD ones. The ASD group showed a lower score in total sensory profile score (p < 0.001) than TD group. In the ASD group, those who had PD + DD in their sensory profile consumed fewer dairies (p = 0.019), and more cereals (p = 0.036) and protein foods (p = 0.034) than those with TP. These findings confirm the need to consider the neurodevelopment, sensory profile, and type of diet to improve the ASD child’s nutrition. Further long-term research is needed to explore their impact on health.