Profile Line Research Articles

STUDY OF MORPHODYNAMIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE OUALIDIA LAGOON (MOROCCO) USING BATHYMETRIC DATA: FIRST INVESTIGATIONS AFTER THE SEDIMENT TRAP DREDGING

Abstract. Coastal lagoons are highly dynamic and physically complicated systems. They are environmentally productive and socio-economically valuable. Contemporary global development and management pressures require a better understanding of their dynamics and sustainability. The present study focuses on the problem of water confinement in the Oualidia lagoon (Atlantic coast of Morocco). This lagoon is characterized by an asymmetric tidal propagation, with a shorter duration of the flood (rising tide) than the ebb (falling tide). In the long term, this contributes to the reduction of depths and the confinement of water upstream. After extensive studies, a sediment trap was created in 2011 to trap the finest sediment in the upstream part of the lagoon. This study aims to analyze the morphodynamical and sedimentological changes in the lagoon of Oualidia, after the sediment trap dredging. For this purpose, bathymetric surveys covering 6 years between 2006 and 2012 were analyzed, providing sufficient data to identify the morphological changes that the lagoon has undergone during this period. The data analysis was followed by a study of the lagoon bed dynamics using profile lines extracted from the bathymetric data in a GIS environment. As a result, the findings partly show that over 6 years, an average height of +0.65 m was gained by the lagoon, while the average change in the eroded areas was estimated to be −0.42 m. In addition, the eroded area in the lagoon was estimated to be about 1,513,800 m2 with an erosion volume of 633,383 m3, while the accumulated area found was about 2,699,396 m2 with an accumulation volume of 1,765,866 m3. These changes can be related to the large input of marine sediment, mainly caused by tidal currents and waves, but also to the creation of a sediment trap in the upstream area of the lagoon.

Targeting UDP-Glycosyltransferase, Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Synthase and Chitin Synthase by Using Bioactive 1,8 Cineole for “Aspergillosis” Fungal Disease Mutilating COVID-19 Patients: Insights from Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetics and In-vitro Studies

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)-associated co-infections like “Aspergillosis”, has recently baffled the world. Due to its key role in cell wall synthesis, in the present study UDP-glycosyltransferase, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and chitin synthase have been chosen as appropriate targets for molecular docking. The objective of the present study was molecular docking of eucalyptus essential oil component 1,8 cineole against cell wall enzymes followed by in vitro validation. For molecular docking, patch-dock web based online tool was used. Ligand–Protein 2D and 3D Interactions were also studied. Drug likeliness, toxicity profile and cancer cell line toxicity were also studied. Molecular docking results indicated that 1,8 cineole form hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with UDP-glycosyltransferase, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and chitin synthase enzymes. 1,8 cineole also depicted drug likeliness by showing compliance with the LIPINSKY rule, sufficient level of bioactivity and cancer cell line toxicity thus signifying its role as a potent anti-fungal drug.

МОДЕЛЬ ГЛУБИННОГО СТРОЕНИЯ ЮЖНОЙ КАМЧАТКИ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ПЛОТНОСТНОГО 3D-МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ И КОМПЛЕКСУ ГЕОЛОГО-ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ

In the south of Kamchatka, a number of deep geophysical studies have been conducted along the profile lines. The aim of the research was to study the lithosphere in the zone of present-day volcanism and active seismicity. Geological and geophysical models of the Earth's crust and upper mantle were constructed along the profiles. The results were obtained as part of two-dimensional modeling of geophysical fields. But the analysis of materials shows that the territory is characterized by a complex geological structure, which is reflected in three-dimensional distribution of gravitating masses. For the first time, the article presents the results of volumetric density modeling covering the territory of southern Kamchatka, including areas covered by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean. The model is based on the technology of three-dimensional imaging of 2D modeling results obtained along the grid of intersecting profiles. The 3D modeling generated isodensity surfaces that enclose regions with layers of high density (≥ 3.33 g/cm3). Thus, the surface identified beneath the ocean is interpreted as a fragment of the top of the subducting plate and the surface under the peninsula is identified as the top of the paleosubduction zone. A subhorizontal high-gradient zone (3.0–3.3 g/cm3) is recognized in the density structures that intersect the 3D model, which is identified with the Moho boundary. A model of subduction interaction between oceanic and continental lithospheric plates is proposed. The two-dimensional model shows the formation of a transitional layer between the Moho boundary of the overhanging lithospheric plate and the top of the paleosubduction zone. In the transition layer, a low-density zone is distinguished, where individual areas of maximum low-density are associated with melting chambers. Conditions are shown for the formation of the crust block with abundant basic-ultrabasic intrusions and the diorite-granodiorite intrusive massif. All ore occurrences and gold deposits of the Karymshinsky ore cluster are located within the contours of projection onto the ground surface of the deep high-gradient zone that encloses the low-density zone. Ore occurrences are genetically related to the zones of crustal weakness where epithermal deposits are formed in closed hydrothermal systems. Based on the analogy, it is possible to prognosticate gold occurrences in other areas of the projection of the high-gradient zone.

The method of economic-geographic profiling of agriculture for territories with contrasting indicators of development

This work explores spatial differentiation of agriculture and the identification of the existing differentiation in a territory where there are contrasts in economic development as a whole and of the agricultural sector in a particular industry. The method of economic-geographic profiling for the Inter-capital region (along the line of the Minsk-Moscow profile) was used, and dynamics for the last 10 years were investigated. Approaches are proposed for the use of profiling to identify possible growth centers that can become drivers of agricultural development, as well as depressed areas that need to be developed primarily with the help of various instruments of interethnic and regional policy. The most important role in the development of depressed areas can be played by agriculture, which is characterized by short production cycles and the ability to quickly introduce innovations that inevitably arise in cross-border cooperation due to the flow of knowledge and technology, and exchange of experience and cooperation. Because of the profile, two emerging territorial agrarian clusters in Belarus were identified. Also, quantitatively and qualitatively, the gap at the level of agricultural development between the two states was highlighted, which turned out to be more significant than expected (for some product categories by more than an order of magnitude). Profiling for different time periods includes main trends in agricultural development of the Intercapital Region: gravitation of agriculture towards the centers of districts (agropolisation), polarization and the outrunning development of the Russian sector in recent years of the import substitution policy. With this influence of the capitals of the two countries and capacious consumer markets, the formation of high-intensity suburban agriculture is not shown at this stage. The absence of the influence of the inter-capital situation for the peripheral territories of Belarus and Russia is shown.

Hobbing-Machine-Diagnosis system with artificial intelligence

There are various causes for deviations in the tooth profile and flank line of hobbed gears, and it is difficult to estimate defects during hobbing from tooth profile deviation and helix deviation. Therefore, in this research, using artificial intelligence for image analysis, we aim to develop a diagnostic system that can identify motion errors contained in the hobbing process from the profile and helix deviations of hobbed teeth. The AI learns a classification of motion errors from a training dataset created through computer simulations of hobbing processes with various motion errors. In previous work, we developed a hobbing simulation and used it to create training data for artificial intelligence. This paper discusses the impact of training data on the classification accuracy of AI systems and determines the requirements for improving accuracy. As a result, it was found that the classification accuracy was improved by providing AI with training data containing noise. Also, in order to improve the classification accuracy for gears with multiple motion errors, training data created from the results of hobbing simulations with multiple motion errors is required.

Study on normal reference value of fetal facial profile markers during the first trimester of pregnancy.

BackgroundTo establish a normal reference value for fetal facial profile markers during the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsWe collected the data of 800 pregnant women who were examined during early pregnancy. The range of values of inferior facial angle (IFA), frontal nasal-mental (FNM) angle, frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle, mandibulomaxillary facial (MMF) angle, fetal profile line (FPL), and maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle in normal fetuses of 11–13+6 weeks was measured and correlated. For the 1,000 fetuses that were screened in the early pregnancy period (11–13+6 weeks), follow-up the normal fetus, observe and measure the above parameters to obtain the normal measurement range. These markers were measured through GE Voluson E8 ultrasound machines by two experienced sonographers.ResultsA total of Images of 800 fetuses were included in the study. The results showed that the average value of fetal nasal bone was 11.9 mm at 11–13+6 weeks, which increased with the increase of crown-rump length (CRL); the average value of IFA angle was 64.91°, which has no obvious correlation with CRL; the average value of FNM angle was 143.79°, and the FNM angle decreased slightly with the increase of CRL. Both the FMF angle and the MMF angle decreased with the increase of CRL, and the ratio of FMF/MMF was fixed at 0.75; the average value of MNM angle was 9.55°, which had no obvious correlation with CRL; FP line value was “0” in 177 cases, The positive value of 623 cases did not change significantly with the growth of the fetus, and the gap of the mandible of the normal fetus was almost visible.ConclusionsThis study established a range of normal reference values for facial and facial angles during early pregnancy, providing a reference for prenatal early detection, early diagnosis of fetal micrognathia, and other facial abnormalities.

An Overview of the Geological Control on Groundwater Potential in Lacamutu River, Alaua Kraik Area, Baucau Municipality, Timor-Leste

Timor island has a tropical climate with relatively little rainfall and surface water is often not available throughout the year with groundwater relied on to fulfill daily domestic necessities. Geological reconnaissance mapping, hydrogeological investigation, and resistivity survey were undertaken in this study to systematically understand the hydrogeologic system (e.g., aquifer system, hydrostratigraphic units, groundwater flow direction) and its potentiality for water supply to human consumption in Alaua Kraik area, Baucau Municipality, Timor-Leste. Res2DInv, Dips 5.1, Surfer 16, Global Mapper 13, and ArcGIS 10.6 software was used to create geological reconnaissance maps, resistivity interpretation profile lines, and a hydrostratigraphic model. Rainfall precipitation, rainfall intensity, maximum rate of runoff and infiltration data are also used to interpret the groundwater potential in the study area. Two rock units occur in the study area; permeable alluvial deposits which unconformable overlie impermeable interbedded red marl-chert and calcareous shale. Structurally the area comprises the Lacamutu anticline, thrust fault, left slip fault, and normal right slip fault. Resistivity lines indicate three (3) types of lithologies: alluvial deposit, an intercalated layer of red marl-chert, calcareous shale and wet calcareous shale. The alluvial deposit and red marl-chert layer intercalated with calcareous shale units are classified as a hydrostratigraphic unit of intergranular and localised aquifer systems with low productivity. The groundwater flows through the existing fractures of the shear joint and tends to flow towards the left slip fault plane zone from the North to South direction. Much of the rainwater in the study area is most likely intercepted, evaporated, and or transpiration as opposed to running off and infiltrating into the ground. The permeable and heavily fractured impermeable rock units in the study area have good porosity but low permeability and represent poor aquifers. The springs and Lacamutu River have low discharge and are generally dry in the dry season as it does not have an adequate aquifer that can accumulate and pass groundwater with significant volumes even if the rainfall in the study area is classified as moderate rainfall.

Heat Exchange and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Unified Package of Cold Layer of RAH

Heating the air in the boiler air heater with the heat of fuel combustion products performs the functions of increasing the fuel combustion temperature, increasing the temperature level of gases in convective heating surfaces, improving ignition and fuel combustion conditions, increasing boiler efficiency by utilizing waste gas heat, improving fuel quality due to its preliminary supply, etc. However, the peculiarities of the process of heating the air in the air heaters do not allow to achieve a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gases. This is due to the unfavorable ratio of heat capacities of flue gases and air, as well as corrosion and contamination of the heating surfaces of air heaters. The research of heat transfer processes and hydraulic resistance of unified package of cold layer of RAH is depicted at this work. The graphic dependence of the change in the coefficient of hydraulic resistance and Nu number for unified packages with single line of sheets and simplified profile with corrosion resistance enamel from the Reynolds number for different values of the length of the replaced areas was constructed. The unified packing of the simplified profile has increased by 1.17 times equivalent diameter and is characterized by good operational parameters and takes into account the risk of contamination of heating surfaces due to the enamel coating.

IMAGING OF A HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID WITH TOUCHING LINE WITH THE PARABOLAL WRAPPING CONE

The paper is dedicated to architectural structures modeling by means of computer-graphics. Images on the monitor represent perspective. That’s why the images could be assessed from the most convenient points as viewer’s position is considered to be the perspective center. Non-rectilinear profile makes the structure the most impressive. The hyperbolic paraboloid surface is researched. Parabolas and hyperbolas are the only forms of its sections except for tangent planes cases. Parabolas as contact lines are reviewed. Hyperbolic paraboloid is an infinite surface that’s why only a portion of it could be modeled. Four link space zigzag ({4l} indicator) is its best representation. In such case the non-rectilinear profile should be represented as a curve of second order semicircular arc. Modeling of a limited section does not affect the final modeling because the {4l} representation makes the depiction of all surface in that frame of axis that have the identified hyperbolic paraboloid looks like a cone. The paper’s objective is development of imaging technique using parabolic contact lines to design hyperbolic paraboloid surface and applicable to several surfaces of the same construction. To do so, parameter analysis of the task is conducted, the applicable theory is identified, and the hyperbolic paraboloid imaging technique using the set profile line in the form of any curve of second order is conducted, namely the imaging technique for contact parabola and the set of hyperbolic paraboloids which it set forth. The set of plans that may contain the parabolic contact line set is two-parameter. However, in general, the position of those planes is remains unknown. Thus, the task is as follows: find the third point of the plane that intersects the given wrapping cone along the parabola when the two points are given. These two points must belong to the same forming line on the cone. The imaging requires 7 parameters whereas the hyperbolic paraboloid has 8 parameters. That’s why with one parabolic contact line and given wrapping cone of the second order one-parameter set of hyperbolic paraboloids could be imaged. The paper shows how to image the contact line if the profile line is given as a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola. The portion of one hyperbolic paraboloid may imaged when the parameters are aligned and any other bisecant of same perspective line of shape. Two portions of parabola conjugated due to the joint wrapping cone hyperbolic paraboloid imaging is demonstrated.

Fetal Profile Markers for the Detection of Robin Sequence in Fetuses with Retrognathia.

To determine whether the prefrontal space ratio (PSFR), inferior facial (IFA) and maxilla-nasion-mandible angle (MNM), and the fetal profile line (FPL) are helpful in identifying fetuses with Robin sequence (RS) in cases with isolated retrognathia, and thus better predict the likelihood of immediate need for postnatal respiratory support. This was a retrospective matched case-control study of fetuses/infants with isolated retrognathia with or without RS receiving pre- and postnatal treatment at the University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany between 2008 and 2020. The PFSR, IFA, MNM, and FPL were measured in affected and normal fetuses according to standardized protocols. Cases were stratified into isolated retrognathia and RS. 21 (n=7 isolated retrognathia, n=14 RS) affected fetuses and 252 normal fetuses were included. Their median gestational age at ultrasound examination was 23.6 and 24.1 weeks, respectively. In fetuses with isolated retrognathia and RS, the PSFR, IFA, and FPL were significantly different from the normal population. At a false-positive rate of 5%, the detection rate was 76.2% for the PFSR, 85.7% for the IFA, and 90.5% for both parameters combined. However, all parameters failed to distinguish between isolated retrognathia and RS. PSFR and IFA are simple markers for identifying retrognathia prenatally. However, they are not helpful for the detection of RS in fetuses with isolated retrognathia. Therefore, delivery should take place in a center experienced with RS and potentially life-threatening airway obstruction immediately after birth.

Accuracy Comparison and Assessment of DSM Derived from GFDM Satellite and GF-7 Satellite Imagery

Digital Surface Model (DSM) derived from high resolution satellite imagery is important for various applications. GFDM is China’s first civil optical remote sensing satellite with multiple agile imaging modes and sub-meter resolution. Its panchromatic resolution is 0.5 m and 1.68 m for multi-spectral images. Compared with the onboard stereo viewing instruments (0.8 m for forward image, 0.65 m for back image, and 2.6 m for back multi-spectrum images) of GF-7, a mapping satellite of China in the same period, their accuracy is very similar. However, the accuracy of GFDM DSM has not yet been verified or fully characterized, and the detailed difference between the two has not yet been assessed either. This paper evaluates the DSM accuracy generated by GFDM and GF-7 satellite imagery using high-precision reference DSM and the observations of Ground Control Points (GCPs) as the reference data. A method to evaluate the DSM accuracy based on regional DSM errors and GCPs errors is proposed. Through the analysis of DSM subtraction, profile lines, strips detection and residuals coupling differences, the differences of DSM overall accuracy, vertical accuracy, horizontal accuracy and the strips errors between GFDM DSM and GF-7 DSM are evaluated. The results show that the overall accuracy of both is close while the vertical accuracy is slightly different. When regional DSM is used as the benchmark, the GFDM DSM has a slight advantage in elevation accuracy, but there are some regular fluctuation strips with small amplitude. When GCPs are used as the reference, the elevation Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of GFDM DSM is about 0.94 m, and that of GF-7 is 0.67 m. GF-7 DSM is more accurate, but both of the errors are within 1 m. The DSM image residuals of the GF-7 are within 0.5 pixel, while the residuals of GFDM are relatively large, reaching 0.8 pixel.

Automated vision-based inspection of drilled CFRP composites using multi-light imaging and deep learning

Inspection of drilled holes in aerospace Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) is crucial to avoid failure of attachments and disintegration of aircraft structures. Vision-based systems can provide an efficient tool for rapid inspection of holes directly on production lines. However, automatic detection of damages in digital images is a challenging task due to the dark, textured, and semi-specular surfaces of CFRPs. This paper proposes a novel and fully autonomous system for accurate detection and segmentation of damages and cracks around drilled holes in CFRP composites. The proposed system comprises three modules: (1) An automated multi-light imaging end-effector is designed to sequentially illuminate the inspected hole from four different directions and capture images for each case. The four images are then fused to suppress the background and enhance the visibility of damages. (2) A series of image processing steps are proposed to automatically segment the hole profile, damage area, and crack lines in the fused images. The segmented images serve as labeled outputs (masks) in the following deep learning model. (3) A deep Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) with the U-Net architecture is designed and trained for pixel-wise semantic segmentation of hole images. Once trained, the U-Net model can reliably detect the hole profile, damages, and cracks directly from ‘raw’ multi-light images without any image processing required. Experimental tests show that the U-Net model can provide real-time and fully automated evaluation of the delamination factor with a maximum error of 5.4%.

Self-subtraction improves consistency in spectral curve fitting

Common practice in curve fitting of overlapped spectral features often imparts overextending the number of optimized parameters, resulting in increased model complexity and exacerbated sensitivity to initial conditions, that ultimately leads to inflated uncertainty in values of optimized parameters. We introduce a lightweight operator that unifies two important steps of model initialization: (1) resolution of overlapped bands that exceeds the benefits of the widely used second derivative transform, and (2) bandwidth estimation for overlapped features, to achieve a reliable data-driven contraction of optimization complexity and outperform similar methods in terms of speed, flexibility and ease of interpretation. Since only the spectrum at hand is used, the curve fitting process is steamlined by avoiding multivariate models and/or assumptions about the profile line shape included in the choice of a digital filter or a basis function. All statements are reinforced with illustrative theoretical models and x-ray fluorescence spectra obtained from a publicly available database.

From coffee stains to uniform deposits: Significance of the contact-line mobility

HypothesisContact-line motion upon drying of a sessile droplet strongly affects the solute transport and solvent evaporation profile. Hence, it should have a strong impact on the deposit formation and might be responsible for volcano-like, dome-like and flat deposit morphologies. ExperimentsA method based on a thin-film interference was used to track the drop height profile and contact line motion during the drying. A diverse set of drying scenarios was obtained by using inks with different solvent compositions and by adjusting the substrate wetting properties. The experimental data was compared to the predictions of a phenomenological model. FindingsWe highlight the essential role of contact-line mobility on the deposit morphology of solution-based inks. A pinned contact line produces exclusively ring-like deposits under normal conditions. On the contrary, drops with a mobile contact line can produce ring-, flat- or dome-like morphology. The developed phenomenological model shows that the deposit morphology depends on solvent evaporation profile, evolution of the drop radius relative to its contact angle, and the ratio between initial and maximal (gelling) solute concentration. These parameters can be adjusted by the ink solvent composition and substrate wetting behaviour, which provides a way for deposition of uniform and flat deposits via inkjet printing.

Feasibility Study of Geometrical Parameters of Wood Transportation Roads Including Prediction of Optimum Terms of Construction and Retrofitting Sequence

The methods of optimum design of road longitudinal profile for various purposes, allowing eliminating subjective decisions, are developed and implemented by various research establishments. These methods are based on a deep theoretical background; they are automated but characterized by certain serious drawbacks. Firstly, the use of the minimum amount of excavation works as a criterion of optimality cannot provide an optimum solution regarding a definite period, because traffic intensity and its annual increase are not taken into account. Secondly, the proposed methods do not stipulate the necessity of stepwise development of road geometrical elements and their comprehensive substantiation. Finally, the optimization programs of design lines of the longitudinal profile are complicated and cannot be always applied in small design bureaus. This work, being based on the presented features of analyzed publications and the necessity of their further development, is aimed at the development of methods and recommendations for a feasibility study of main parameters of transversal and longitudinal profiles of wood transportation roads including prediction of optimum terms of construction and retrofitting sequence. Achievement of the formulated purpose is mainly determined by mutual links and the structure of elements considered in this work. For clear determination of subordination of these elements, their influence on techno-economic calculations, and systematization of the overall process, it is necessary to develop a logical model of the problem. Another step to achieve the goal is a mathematical description of links of the logical scheme, that is, the development of the mathematical model of the solution. Since the solution assumes searching for optimum parameters, the mathematical model should be based on the target function with its extremum corresponding to the required optimum combination of the optimized elements. Several variants and the search area are defined by the required limitations.

Identification of suitable sites for open and bore well using ground magnetic survey

The study aims to identify a suitable site for open and bore well in a farmhouseusing ground magnetic survey in south India. It also aims to define depth to granitoid and structural elements which traverse the selected area. Magnetic data (n=84) measured, processed and interpreted as qualitative and quantitatively. The results of total magnetic intensities indicate that the area is composed of linear magnetic lows trending NE-SW direction and circular to semi-circular causative bodies. The magnetic values ranged from −137 nT to 2345 nT with a mean of 465 nT. Reduction to equator shows significant shifting of causative bodies in the southern and northern directions. Analytical signal map shows exact boundary of granitic bodies. Cosine directional filter has brought out structural element trending NE-SW direction. Results of individual profile brought to light structurally weak zone between 90 m and 100 m in all the profile lines. Sudden decrease of magnetic values from 2 042 nT to 126 nT noticed in profile line 6 between 20 m and 30 m indicates fault occurrence. Magnetic breaks obtained from these maps were visualized, interpreted and identified two suitable sites for open and bore well. Radially averaged power spectrum estimates depth of shallow and deep sources in 5 m and 50 m, respectively. Euler method has also been applied to estimate depth of granitoid and structural elements using structural indexes 0, 1, 2, and 3 and found depth ranges from 90 m. Study indicates magnetic method is one of the geophysical methods suitable for groundwater exploration and site selection for open and borewells.

The Impact of Nano-Al2O3 on the Physical and Strength Properties as Well as on the Morphology of Cement Composite Crack Surfaces in the Early and Later Maturation Age.

This article presents the effect of aluminum nanoxide on the physical, strength and structural properties of cement mortars. The mortars were made with a water to binder ratio of 0.5 and a binder to sand ratio of 1:3; and 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of aluminum nanoxide, respectively, were used by cement weight. First, the consistency of nano-Al2O3 mortars was tested. Next, after 7 days of sample maturation, compressive and flexural strength tests were carried out and continued after 28 and 90 days of the maturing of the mortars. The best test results were obtained for mortars with the addition of 1% aluminum nanoxide, the compressive strength of which increased by about 20% compared to the reference mortars. The water absorption and rising capillary tests as well as SEM observations were also performed. Another aim of the article is the analysis of the fracture morphology of nano-Al2O3 modified mortars. It is assumed that a change of the microstructure of the hardened cement paste affects not only the properties of the modified mortars but also the roughness of the fractures formed as a result of the destruction of the surface. Roughness analysis was performed with methods and tools relevant to fractal geometry. The fractographic analysis showed a significant influence of the modifier in the form of nano-Al2O3 on the values of fractal dimensions. The lowest values of the fractal dimension D and the fractal dimension of the DRP roughness profile of the fracture surface profile lines were obtained for nano-Al2O3 modified mortars. The conducted research proved the fractal dimension to be a parameter extremely sensitive to modifications of mortar composition as well as changes related to the maturation time.

The impact of the cracks in the window

When we talk about the acoustic insulation performance of a building facade, we know that its weakest link is the frame that makes it up. We soon know that great performance on the part of this component is necessary so that the facade assembly can obtain high levels of insulation. Although there are several lines and models of frames, each with two unique characteristics and varied acoustic performance, they have a similarity in their result curve. where at high frequencies it becomes a decisive point for your result. In this work, we will analyze the vulnerable points of a typology of mitering, focusing on its cracks and the impact that each one has on its result; as well as measures that can be taken so that the frame can acquire great acoustic performance, without changing the profile lines or glass thickness.

ASASSN-14ms: The Most Energetic Known Explosion of a Type Ibn Supernova and Its Physical Origin

Abstract ASASSN-14ms may represent the most luminous Type Ibn supernova (SN Ibn) ever detected, with an absolute U-band magnitude brighter than −22.0 mag and a total bolometric luminosity >1.0 × 1044 erg s−1 near maximum light. The early-time spectra of this SN are characterized by a blue continuum on which are superimposed narrow P Cygni profile lines of He i, suggesting the presence of slowly moving (∼1000 km s−1), He-rich circumstellar material (CSM). At 1–2 months after maximum brightness, the He i line profiles become only slightly broader, with blueshifted velocities of 2000–3000 km s−1, consistent with the CSM shell being continuously accelerated by the SN light and ejecta. Like most SNe Ibn, the light curves of ASASSN-14ms show rapid post-peak evolution, dropping by ∼7 mag in the V band over three months. Such a rapid post-peak decline and high luminosity can be explained by interaction between SN ejecta and helium-rich CSM of 0.9 M ⊙ at a distance of ∼1015 cm. The CSM around ASASSN-14ms is estimated to originate from a pre-explosion event with a mass-loss rate of 6.7 M ⊙ yr−1 (assuming a velocity of ∼1000 km s−1), which is consistent with abundant He-rich material violently ejected during the late Wolf–Rayet (WN9-11 or Opfe) stage. After examining the light curves for a sample of SNe Ibn, we find that the more luminous ones tend to have slower post-peak decline rates, reflecting that the observed differences may arise primarily from discrepancies in the CSM distribution around the massive progenitors.

Decadal-scale subaerial beach and dune evolution at Duck, North Carolina

Thirty-nine years of high-resolution data from 1981 to 2019 surveyed by the Field Research Facility (FRF) of the US Army Corps of Engineers at Duck, North Carolina, in the United States, were analyzed for temporal and spatial characteristics of beach morphology evolution employing a range of statistical methods. In the study, emphasis was put on the response of the subaerial part of the beach profile to waves and water levels at several different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from weekly to decadal response. The profile data set was analyzed to determine the subaerial beach evolution, including both the influence of cross-shore sediment transport related to storms and the longshore transport affected by the FRF research pier. The analysis showed that adjacent profile lines exhibit similar beach morphology and evolution with high correlation regarding spatial and temporal patterns. The pier has a noticeable influence on the longshore sediment transport leading to erosion downdrift and accretion updrift of the pier; the dune in the FRF region is rather stable and resistant towards storm erosion, requiring combinations of runup height and water level (i.e., runup level) that reaches the dune face; and erosion high up on the subaerial part of the beach, including the dune, occurs on average due to storms with a return period of 5 years.