Professor Ray Research Articles

Can You Hear Us? The Parent Consultation for the Review of Children’s Social Care in Northern Ireland Carried Out on Behalf of Children in Northern Ireland (CiNI) 2022–23

ABSTRACT This paper draws upon evidence captured from a parent consultation exercise conducted by Helen Dunn (author) and Paula Keenan on behalf of Children in Northern Ireland (CiNI) for the Department of Health as part of the Review of Children’s Social Care led by Professor Ray Jones during 2022–23. CiNI is the regional umbrella organisation for the children’s sector in Northern Ireland. This paper will be of interest to those who are keen to hear parents and carers views and their experiences of Social Work and Social Care in Northern Ireland. The Review also engaged Voice of Young People in Care (VOYPIC) a charity for children and young people with a lived experience of care in Northern Ireland. They formed an Experts by Experience Reference Group of young people who were currently in or had experience of the care system.

Religious and Spiritual assistance of people in palliative care. Practical Assessment

"The primary purpose of this study is to understand if/how patients of hospice healthcare require ‘Spiritual’ or/and ‘Religious’ assistance and if its involvement in palliative care helps greatly. We have built a correlative of two scales and administrated them on the same sample, along with complete demographics questions to a group of people under palliative care and several people directly connected with patients, relatives- families. This methodological study is designed to assess the reliability and validity of two scales simultaneously for the same terminally ill patients (TIP): Paloutzian and Ellison’s (1982) Spiritual Well-being Scale. The scale was administered to 49 individuals, of which 45 are patients and 4 family members caring for a terminally ill relative. Background: Coping is a multifactorial and individual process related to responding to stressful situations, such as being a caregiver of a person with health conditions or terminal illness [such as in hospice]. Spiritual [S] / religious [R] coping is an essential internal resource used by individuals enduring stressful situations or, in this particular case, confronting imminent death. Instruments: The 14-item Brief RCOPE is widely used to assess religious coping. The other instrument we have used for S/R assessment is the Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) Scale, a general measure of the subjective quality of life. Neither one is available in the Romanian version Ciocan Tudor-Cosmin (2023) developed following Romanian culture. He worked with Professor Ray Paloutzian - author of the latter scale - to translate and validate the use of the translated scales. Objective: To investigate the S/RWB among palliative care patients in Romania and to identify the correlates of Spiritual and Religious Well-Being. Secondary: To translate, adapt and validate both the 14-item Brief RCOPE and SWBS in Romanian for caregivers of palliative patients facing death. Method: The methodological guideline provided by Ray Paloutzian and Craig W. Ellison was used to examine the psychometric properties of SWBS, while the manual provided by Kenneth Pargament on his website helped us accommodate the Brief RCOPE to Romanian culture and understanding. Results: The linguistic and conceptual equivalence of the scales was determined. The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s a = 0.891 for SWBS and a = 0.798 for RCOPE). The Principal Axis Factor (PAF) analysis with varimax rotation identified two factors comprising 13 items, and one item was excluded from the scale (14/RCOPE). The faith subscale (SWBS) showed similar distributions. Christians engaged in religious activities reported higher SWB in the meaning and peace subscale than patients without religious attendance. In the multivariate analysis, religious Frequency (P < 0.001), and individual spiritual activities (P < 0.003) were significantly related to a greater SWB. Conclusion: The Romanian versions of the SWBS and Brief RCOPE are reliable and valid measures for assessing both the spiritual and religious coping of patients in hospice, their families, and their caregivers. Although faith practices may be beneficial to improve spiritual well-being among Orthodox Christians (the majority in Romania), further research is needed to determine what individual spiritual activities can be supported by Orthodox Christians positively engaged – since they are very skeptical about practices other than religious ones, introduced by the traditional Church."

Marine Protected Areas debate: Implications for the proposed Phakisa Marine Protected Areas Network

South Africa recently had the privilege of hosting prominent fisheries scientist Professor Ray Hilborn from Washington University who stimulated lively discussion on global stock status, food production, impacts of trawling on the seabed, fisheries management and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Professor Hilborn gave a seminar billed as 'Fisheries Myths' on 25 August 2016 and the following day participated in a formal debate at the Two Oceans Aquarium on South Africa's MPA expansion strategy and the need for additional MPAs. The debate was held between Professors Ray Hilborn and Doug Butterworth (Marine Resource and Assessment Management Group, Applied Mathematics Department, University of Cape Town) speaking against the strategy and expansion, and Dr Jean Harris (Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife and Pew Fellow) and Professor Colin Attwood (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town) speaking in favour of additional MPAs. The debate examined the need for MPA expansion; the effect of MPAs on fisheries; and the role of MPAs in fisheries management, food security and biodiversity protection; and interrogated targets to increase ocean protection.

‘IFRS – ten years later’: a standard-setter’s view

This essay is based on a response to Professor Ray Ball’s PD Leake Lecture delivered at the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales in October 2015. The views expressed in this essay are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the International Accounting Standards Board (the Board) or the IFRS® Foundation.

Editorial introductions

Current Opinion in Lipidology was launched in 1990. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of lipidology is divided into six sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Kausik K. RayKausik K. RayProfessor Ray received his medical education (MB ChB, 1991) at the University of Birmingham Medical School, UK. His clinical training in Cardiology was conducted in Birmingham and Sheffield and he obtained his MD (2004) at the University of Sheffield, UK, for work on the interleukin 1 system and its influence on endothelial function, inflammation and coronary disease. He pursued a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School, USA, under Professor Braunwald and Professor Cannon and finally an MPhil in epidemiology (2007) from the University of Cambridge, UK. A Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, the European Society of Cardiology, the American Heart Association and the Royal College of Physicians, Kausik Ray is also a member of the British Cardiovascular Society and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel. Professor Ray has been the national lead investigator, served on the committees or been PI for several major medical trials, including T-EMERGE 8, SOLID TIMI 52, SAVOR TIMI 54, DAL OUTCOMES II, DAL-ACUTE, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES, DECLARE TIMI 58, CAMELIA TIMI 61 and THEMIS. Professor Ray's research interests have focused on large scale population studies and trials for the prevention and reduction of coronary events. He has investigated the early benefits of high intensity statin therapy, the advantages of more/less intensive glycaemic control, and the risks/benefits of aspirin therapy. These have influenced American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and European Society of Cardiology guidelines. His work on statins and diabetes risk led to a global label change for statins by the FDA and EMEA. He continues to investigate the role of lipids, lipoproteins, diabetes, inflammation and thrombosis, and coronary events. Professor Ray has published his research in numerous journals including the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, The Journal of the American Medical Association, Archives of Internal Medicine, Circulation, the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, and the European Heart Journal. Currently, Professor Ray leads the EAS familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) Studies Collaboration and the first global FH registry as well as being the principal investigator for the TOGETHER study assessing vascular risk in 250 000 individuals in London. G. Kees HovinghG. Kees HovinghDr G. Kees Hovingh (1974) is an internist, vascular medicine specialist and staff member at the Department of Vascular Medicine at the Academic Medical Center (AMC) of the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He received his medical degree at Groningen University, the Netherlands, in 2000. During his study, he spent one year (1999) at the department for organ transplantation at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. In 2001, he started his PhD under supervision of Prof. dr J.J.P. Kastelein, head of the Department of Vascular Medicine at the AMC. During his PhD, several studies were performed which ranged from clinical intervention trials to basic-research, including large scale sequencing of candidate genes. During his thesis, Dr Hovingh focused on studies to unravel the molecular defects underlying HDL disorders and studies addressing its consequences for atherosclerosis progression. Dr Hovingh has identified mutations in a large number of pivotal genes in lipid metabolism. In 2005, Dr Hovingh started his residency in internal medicine at the AMC. Between 2007 and 2008, he was trained in molecular medicine as a post-doctoral fellow in the Genetics Department at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Under the supervision of Profs. C.E. Seidman and J. Seidman he worked on a novel subgenome capture method for next generation sequencing. Dr Hovingh's position at the AMC and the department of Vascular Medicine allows him to devote his time to science, and in particular to scientific guidance of PhD students. Moreover, his clinical position does enable him to identify patients with extreme lipid phenotypes. He is head of the clinical trial unit and is (co-author) on 130 peer reviewed manuscripts.

Alirocumab: an investigational treatment for hypercholesterolemia

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsKausik K RayKausik Kumar Ray is visiting Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of London, London, UK. Professor Ray received his medical education (MB ChB, 1991) at the University of Birmingham Medical School, UK, his MD (2004) at the University of Sheffield, UK, a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA, and finally an MPhil in Epidemiology (2007) from the University of Cambridge, UK. A Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, the European Society of Cardiology, the American Heart Association and the Royal College of Physicians, Professor Ray is also a member of the British Cardiovascular Society. Professor Ray has been the national lead investigator, served on the committees or been Principal Investigator for several major medical trials, including T-EMERGE 8, SOLID TIMI 52, SAVOR TIMI 54, DAL OUTCOMES II, DAL-ACUTE, ODYSSEY and DECLARE TIMI 58. Professor Ray’s research interests have focused on the prevention and reduction of coronary events. He has investigated the early benefits of statin therapy, the advantages of more/less intensive glycaemic control, and the risks/benefits of aspirin therapy. He continues to investigate the role of lipids, lipoproteins, diabetes, inflammation and thrombosis in recurrent coronary events. He has received numerous research grants including from the British Heart Foundation and the Wellcome Trust Project. At St George’s University of London he developed the Integrated Care Pathway for patients with ACS.

Early experiences in extending personal budgets in one local authority

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the introduction of individual personal budgets for older people and people with mental health problems in one local authority (LA) in 2011. Design/methodology/approach – Jenny Weinstein is a Hon Senior Lecturer at Kingston University, Professor Ray Jones and Rick Hood are based at the Joint Faculty of Health and Social Care, St George's, University of London and Kingston University, London, UK.A qualitative study is described in which structured interviews were carried out with participants belonging to each service user group. The study aimed to explore the following issues: first, service users’ experiences of the assessment process, second, whether service users wanted full control of their budgets and third, if personal budgets make a difference to quality of life. Findings – xService users (n=7 older people and carers; n=7 people with mental health problems) found the personal budgets system and assessment process difficult to understand and its administration complex. Older people in particular were reluctant to assume full control and responsibility for managing their own personal budget in the form of a Direct Payment. Participants in both groups reported their continued reliance on traditional home care or day care services. These findings were reported back to the LA to help staff review the implementation of personal budgets for these two user groups. Research limitations/implications – Study participant numbers are low due to difficulties recruiting. Several potential participants were not interviewed due to their frailty. Practical implications – Studies of this type are important for constructing local knowledge about national policies such as the implementation of personal budgets in social care. Originality/value – Studies of this type are important for constructing local knowledge about national policies such as the implementation of personal budgets in social care.

Foreword to Special Issue celebrating Professor Ray Ogden's 70th birthday

Foreword to Special Issue celebrating Professor Ray Ogden's 70th birthday

The Uneasy Intersection of Politics and Journalism

The short suspension of MSNBC commentator Keith Olbermann for making financial contributions to politicians has raised two serious questions about journalism. First, what is the role of journalism in society and second, who qualifies as a journalist? Writing for cnn.com, Jon Avion notes: ‘‘Whole news networks are being transformed into little more than on-air advocates for political parties. The idea of objectivity is now increasingly dismissed as a myth rather than honored as an ideal toward which the news industry should strive.’’ In order to honor that objectivity, some journalists never vote. Others tell no one, even family members, how they vote. A story from journalism professor Ray Neikamp at UT San Marcos illustrates the time-honored separation of journalism and politics. Niekamp writes: On my first job as a TV reporter in the 1970s, one of my colleagues came into the newsroom and announced, ‘‘Last night I was elected a delegate to the county Democratic convention.’’ The news director said, ‘‘Congratulations! When can I expect your resignation?’’ She was perhaps the best reporter in the newsroom. After some give-and-take on the matter, she asked, ‘‘Just because I’m a reporter, does that mean I have to give up my rights as a citizen?’’ ‘‘Yep,’’ the ND replied. ‘‘Some of them, anyway.’’ Such meticulous care to separate news from opinion and to provide objective, unbiased coverage once comprised the gold standard for broadcast journalists. Such evenhandedness contributed to journalistic credibility. In turn, that credibility helped

‘Alas Poor Hicks’, Indeed! Sixty Years of Use and Abuse—Commentary on Bromwichet al.

Alas indeed! We might well wonder whether Professor Ray Chambers (1976) would have had the same reservations about using ‘Alas poor Hicks’ to describe what he perceived to be the ‘carelessness and indifference . . . [of] . . . so many . . . who clutched [so] indiscriminately at [Hicks' notion of income]’ had he experienced the matters which Bromwich et al. (2010) explain in their ‘Hicksian Income . . .’ in this issue. In a recently discovered 1976 letter to Sir John Hicks (reproduced as an appendix to this comment—and to which there is no evidence in the Chambers Archive of any reply by Hicks) Ray Chambers commented on accountants' cavalier treatment of Hicks on Income, treatment similar to that by the IASB and FASB of which Bromwich et al. now rightly complain....

In memoriam: Professor Ray WU

In memoriam: Professor Ray WU

Distinguished New Zealand Geography Award: Professor Ray Watters

Distinguished New Zealand Geography Award: Professor Ray Watters

53rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Research into Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida

The 53rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Research into Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida was held at Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland at the invitation of the local organizing committee; Stephen Brown, Nan Hill, John McCann, Alan Bailie, David Marshall, Tabib Dabir, Emma Kelly and Marie McGonnell. Proceedings began as usual on Wednesday afternoon with the Annual General Meeting of Members. This was followed by a reception for all delegates and guests where we were welcomed to Belfast by the Lord Mayor, Councillor Naomi Long. The scientific programme was opened by a welcome from Dr. Michael McBride, Chief Medical Officer for Northern Ireland, and included sessions on 'Spina Bifida: Incidence, Survival and Cognitive Outcome', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Animal Studies', 'Hydrocephalus Shunts', 'Long Term Management of Spina Bifida Patients', 'Urology and Bowel Management' and 'Spina Bifida'. We also had two Invited Lectures, firstly from Neil Buxton (Liverpool, UK), on 'Pain Management in Spina Bifida: a Neurosurgical Perspective' and from Professor Sivert Lindstrom, (Linkoping, Sweden) on 'The Bladder Cooling Test in Spina Bifida'. Retiring President, Professor Ray Fitzgerald (Dublin, Ireland) gave his valedictory lecture entitled 'Here and There with Hydrocephalus', describing changes in treatment he has witnessed through his long and distinguished career. Friday morning's programme included a parallel break-out session on 'Long-term Management of Children with Spina Bifida', aimed at Nurses and Health Care Professionals. The social programme continued on Thursday afternoon with a visit to the Thompson Graving Dock. This dry dock is where RMS Titanic underwent a final hull inspection in February and March 1912 before final sea trials and sailing to Southampton before sailing on her maiden voyage on Wednesday 10th April. She hit an iceberg on the night of Sunday 14th April and sank with the loss of over 1,500 lives. The afternoon continued with a visit to Stormont, the home of the Northern Ireland Assembly at the invitation of Michael McGimpsey, Minister of Health. We were able to visit both assembly chambers and were then entertained in the Great Hall by Belfast's Open Arts Community Choir, a nationally acclaimed choir featuring people with disabilities and those without, and traditional Irish music from The O'Malley Experience. The final event of the social programme was a gala dinner in the magnificent Great Hall of Queen's University.

Getting Your PhD: On Being a Professor

Getting Your PhD: On Being a Professor

Murder on the Reservation: American Indian Crime Fiction

Murder on the Reservation: American Indian Crime Fiction Ray B. Browne. Madison, WI: Popular Press, 2004. Let us now praise famous men. But first, before the author, let us examine the book, the first book-length study of crime fiction by and about Native Americans. In Murder on the Reservation, Professor Ray Browne, distinguished university professor emeritus of popular culture at Bowling Green State University, starts with a belief and a thesis. Within the genre of crime fiction, all people are equal, and the increasing role of Native American characters in criminal fiction proves what an important role this genre plays as a powerful democratizing force in American society. Browne endeavors to both analyze and evaluate the individual works of the authors, and at the same time to provide a commentary on the various attitudes toward race relations in the United States that each author presents. Some Indian fiction is intended to right the wrongs that the authors feel have been leveled against Native people. Other authors use Indian lore and locales as exotic elements and locations for the entertaining and commercially successful stories they want to write. Browne's analysis includes Native and non-Native authors of first-class murder mysteries set on and off the reservation. Dr. Browne, who has written and edited books and journals for decades, tells us how the writers were chosen: through the quality of their novels and their backgrounds. Some are mixed-bloods, some whites. Some carry in their hearts the leaden sins of their ancestors and are dedicated to trying to repay the Indians for the injustices they have suffered in the past. Others, because they know Indian cultures from having lived among them, write about them because they know Indian peoples and ways to make good settings and characters. These authors have a primary purpose of writing to entertain and to sell. But regardless of the leading purpose, all are doing all elements of American society a service. Through the most elemental kind of fiction, they center attention on one of the many cultures of our society. They realize that crime gives little distinction to social or cultural identity; it is more interested in vulnerability and accessibility. All people are vulnerable. All blood is red. In Indian crime fiction, Indians are like others, and all others are like them. The authors try to picture the truth as they see it, and through it free us of prejudice and negative opinions. If they only partially succeed, their efforts have been helpful and, perhaps equally important, we have excellent crime fiction in the bargain. At its best, ethnic crime fiction can provide cultural and social satisfaction other than airing the just demands of people who have been culturally mistreated. It dramatizes the conflicts between cultures, reveals the rift of threat to the safety of the dominant society, provides humor, and finally, covertly or overtly re-establishes the reader's feeling of safety from and superiority over other groups of people. In his suggestive book Playing Philip J. Deloria observes that Americans have for two hundred years been playing Indian, and there was, quite simply, no way to conceive an American identity without Native Americans (37). Playing in all forms is an anthropological ritual that is part of the process of growing up. So as whites have played they have also been growing up with regard to their feelings about the Indian. In this process of white maturation, the Indians have perforce grown too. Authors are always straining to write different kinds of literature with the conventional type: a new type of play, an experimental poem, canon-smashing conventional fiction, the great Americana novel, as author Tom Wolfe does in A Man m Full (1998). …

Domestication of the Ivory Tower: Institutional Adaptation to Cultural Distance

Anthropology & Education QuarterlyVolume 33, Issue 2 p. 238-249 Domestication of the Ivory Tower: Institutional Adaptation to Cultural Distance Professor Ray Barnhardt, Professor Ray Barnhardt University of Alaska FairbanksSearch for more papers by this author Professor Ray Barnhardt, Professor Ray Barnhardt University of Alaska FairbanksSearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 January 2008 https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2002.33.2.238Citations: 19AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume33, Issue2June 2002Pages 238-249 RelatedInformation

The Origins of Traffic Theory

W this biblical beginning, I started a paper in 1974 reviewing the development of traffic control theories. I think it is appropriate to start the present paper the same way. Traffic problems existed, to some extent, even before the Ford, which ushered the age of universal automobile transportation. But the problems were relatively small and isolated, and did not provoke much thought for their solution. The automobile changed all that in a big way, and by the middle of the 20th century traffic problems were big and commanding much attention. By 1950, scientists from many walks of life came forward with attempts to model the movement of traffic, with the ultimate goal of finding amelioration to traffic problems. Some of the early contributions to traffic modeling were those of Reuschel (1950) and Pipes (1953), on one hand, and Lighthill and Whitham (1955), on the other. Reuschel and Pipes proposed a traffic model describing the detailed movement of cars proceeding close together in a single lane, a “microscopic” model of traffic. Lighthill, a world renowned fluid mechanics theorist, together with Whitham, proposed a “macroscopic” model of traffic, modeling traffic as a continuum akin to a fluid. The Lighthill-Whitham (L-W) model is based on two premises, the conservation of the number of cars and the existence of an equation of state describing a relationship between traffic flow, measured in cars per hour, and traffic density, measured in cars per mile. The conservation of cars is, of course, a rational assumption. The existence of an equation of state is partially verified by measurements, with much scatter observed in the data, particularly at high traffic densities. Nevertheless, the L-W model provides a pretty good description of some basic phenomena in traffic, such as the propagation of “shock waves” which are generated when traffic shifts from one steady-state pattern to another associated with different density and flow. The shock wave theory of L-W is, however, only good in describing density changes that are separated relatively widely in time, i.e., transitions from one steady-state traffic flow situation to another. Attempts to use the L-W wave theory to describe detailed movement of traffic around intersections have been badly misguided, because the time of the generation of one shock wave is of the same order as the time of transition to the next, and the inherent approximation of the shock wave produces large errors in the modeling of the movement of traffic. The Reuschel and Pipes models described the movement of a car following another one in front. They were based on the assumption that the speed of the following car was a linear function of the distance between the lead car and the following car. The models were reasonable in concept, but no experimental verification of their conclusions was pursued for many years. By the mid-1950s, traffic models had attracted the attention of such notable scientists as Elliott Montroll. Then, in 1956, a confluence of events spurred a rapid development of traffic theory. General Motors hired a new executive in charge of its Research Laboratories. He was Larry Hafstad, a nuclear physicist by background, who had the ambition of making the General Motors Research Labs a leader in “basic science” and not just a development lab as it had been for years. One of the persons hired to bring about this change was Robert Herman. Herman teamed up with Montroll and pursued some basic investigations of carfollowing which have stood the test of time to this day. I was hired into the Basic Science department of GM Research in 1957 by Bob Herman. My original assignment had nothing to do with traffic. Herman, in his unrivaled spirit of pursuit of knowledge in every meaningful direction, turned me loose around the Lab to see how I could apply my knowledge of applied mechanics to the modeling and improvement of devices and processes useful to the automobile industry, such as the production of better ball bearings through better understanding of contact stresses between the balls and their casing. However, it was not long before I was attracted to the traffic modeling activities, which ended up keeping me busy for a good part of my life for years to come. Let me take a moment to stress the influence of corporate management on the research output of an organization. I joined GM Research at the advice and recommendation of my Columbia University Ph.D. mentor, Professor Ray Mindlin. Mindlin told me: “Automobile companies are not

Introduction

Introduction Melvin I. Urofsky In the past few years those of us associ­ ated with the Journal ofSupreme Court His­ tory have been pleased not only with the re­ sponse of our members, but also with reactions from the academic community. Legal scholars in law schools and history and political science departments now see the Journal as a legitimate venue in which to pub­ lish their research, and they appreciate the fact that their work will reach a wider and more di­ verse audience than if published in a law re­ view or more technical scholarly journal. This, of course, is exactly what we have been striving for over the past decade: to make the Journal not only welcome reading in the homes of our members, but also an attractive place for scholars to display their work. Very often when I am asked what style I am looking for in pieces submitted to us for review, I re­ spond that we would like to be an American Heritage devoted to the history of the Su­ preme Court—well-written, well-conceived articles on important and interesting issues, adequately annotated, and then presented in an attractive manner. Comments to us indicate that we are well on the way toward achieving that ideal. This issue is a good example of the vari­ ety we like to see on the contents page. Robert Karachuk’s article concerns how, in the 1790s, the Supreme Court’s decisions on technical points of law—perhaps as much as those on substantive issues—provided the Court with opportunities to shape the charac­ ter of the government in the young republic and thereby contributed to the Court’s emer­ gence as a potent voice in the life of the new nation. Karachuk examines several admiralty cases and shows how the Justices split into two camps in determining the process by which such cases could secure review, either by writ or by appeal. In the 1790s, as today, a legal technicality could bear on the very es­ sence of constitutional government, as this split reflected very different understandings of the balance of power between Congress and the Court. Nearly every historian I know tells the story about how upset Theodore Roosevelt was with Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s dis­ v vi JOURNAL OF SUPREME COURT HISTORY sent in the Northern Securities case, and how Roosevelt fumed and muttered that he could carve ajudge with more backbone out of a ba­ nana. Yet the relationship between the two men was far more complex than that, and in the end Holmes remained Roosevelt’s great­ est appointment to the federal bench. Like many of us, Richard H. Wagner was intrigued by their relationship, and here he spells it out for us in greater detail than one will find any­ place else. Norman Dorsen is an old friend, and those of us who know him also know that he cherishes the year he spent as a law clerk to Justice John Marshall Harlan II. Norman has been involved in several conferences regard­ ing Justice Harlan’s work, and a year or so ago he and some others conceived the idea of privately printing a small book of reminis­ cences by Harlan’s clerks. After he and his co-editor, Amelia Ames Newcomb, saw what material they had gathered, they realized that while the private, limited edition would meet the original purposes of the group, many of the stories would appeal to a wider audience. We are delighted that they came to us to see if we would be interested. The per curiam opinion often confuses students—and nonstudents as well—in that it represents the opinion of the Court, but it is not an opinion. Moreover, it sometimes has dissents, thus making the idea of a consensus agreement even more confusing. Laura Krugman Ray’s original research and highly technical findings regarding the per curiam opinion were initially published in a law jour­ nal, an appropriate venue for the article as it existed. However, several of us who saw that piece realized that underneath the technical analysis lay a good historical report. At our re­ quest, Professor Ray wrote a second article...

Editorial

The last year has seen much change in Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, and this will continue over the next year.At the beginning of last year I took over as Editor from Professor Ray Tallis, whose vision, drive and initiative were instrumental in establishing what Age Ageing has recently referred to as one of the major review journals in the field on gerontology. The year also saw a major change in the section editors, the only one remaining from l’ancien regime being Bob Baldwin, our section editor for Old Age Psychiatry. The contributions of David Barer, Ioan Davies, Emily Grundy, Jackie Oldham and Peter Overstall have been considerable, and their contribution, with Ray, to Reviews cannot be understated.

Award of U.S. national medal of science to Professor Ray Clough

Award of U.S. national medal of science to Professor Ray Clough