Views Of Professionals Research Articles

Impact of Dental Midline Shift on the Perception of Facial Attractiveness in Young Adults.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the threshold of a dental midline shift that would compromise facial attractiveness and indicate a need for treatment from the points of view of laypeople and dental professionals. Methods: Whole-face natural photographs of a male and a female model were digitally manipulated to create various degrees of upper and lower dental midline shifts through bodily movement of the upper or lower midlines as well as alteration of the axial inclination of the upper teeth. The samples were then assessed by two groups of observers (laypeople (LP) and dental professionals (DP)). Results: The lower midline shift did not negatively affect the DP and LP's perceptions of smile attractiveness. The first significant loss of attractiveness was registered by the DP with an upper midline shift of 1 mm in the female model. However, the LP registered this at 2 mm. The DP registered the necessity of treatment at a threshold of 2 mm in the female model and 3 mm in the male model. LP identified the need for treatment at 3 mm for both males and females. The female model was judged more critically than her male counterpart by both female and male observers. Conclusions: DP assess the midline deviation more critically than LP. Both DP and LP were more sensitive to midline deviations in the female model regardless of their own gender. Both groups registered the need for treatment at a higher threshold than the reduction in smile attractiveness.

O-317 Recurrent miscarriage and infertility : a qualitative study of views and experiences of services in the republic of Ireland

Abstract Study question How do women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and infertility and healthcare professionals view and experience services and supports? Summary answer RM and infertility is a complex experience, intensified by divisions within the Irish healthcare system and a lack of knowledge and awareness around reproductive health What is known already While services for recurrent miscarriage (RM) are gradually improving with increasing awareness, women with RM and infertility have received limited attention in research and clinical guidance internationally. RM and infertility are separately associated with psychological distress and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, the dual experience is devastating for women and couples, and the optimal supports remain unidentified. Identifying the needs of this cohort is especially pertinent in the Republic of Ireland as public fertility care expands to include assisted reproductive technologies, previously only available through private or not-for-profit fertility clinics. Study design, size, duration We undertook a qualitative semi-structured interview study using a Reflexive Thematic Analysis approach. Thirty-three interviews were conducted, virtually on MIcrosoft Teams and in-person, between Dec 2022 and May 2023. These were audio-recorded, and data transcribed to NVivo12 for subsequent analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods We recruited healthcare professionals delivering RM and/or fertility services, and women who experienced two or more consecutive miscarriages in the last four years and had undergone fertility care, through our professional networks and social media. Purposive sampling was used to include diverse perspectives across disciplines, public and private sectors, lived experiences and geographical locations. Interviews were audio-recorded, and data transcribed for subsequent reflexive thematic analysis. Main results and the role of chance We interviewed 16 healthcare professionals and 17 women with lived experience. Women were aged 35-47 and had experienced two to nine miscarriages. All received fertility care in ROI, with some additional care abroad. Healthcare professionals included four Clinical Midwifery Specialists in Bereavement eight Consultants and four Clinical Nurse Specialists in Fertility. We actively generated four themes during data analysis. (1) “Exploring all avenues”- women sought the best care and information, but their search was hindered by stigmatisation, definitions of RM and misinformation. (2) “Exhausting all resources” - women wanted to ensure they had tried everything to have a baby, investing all physical, emotional and financial reserves (3) “Separateness” - women feel remote from others who have not experienced RM or infertility and removed from both maternity and fertility services, as well as caught between public and private systems. (4) “No woman is an island” - supports come from multiple sources in their lives and in various guises but are limited, especially psychological supports. Limitations, reasons for caution This was a sample of white, educated, professional women with access to private fertility services. While a diverse group of HCPs were interviewed with current and past clinical experiences of private fertility services, there was limited engagement from fertility care providers. Wider implications of the findings This study identifies areas for improvement, such as access to investigations and supports, as well as the experiences and specific care and support needs of women/couples experiencing RM and infertility. Issues such as women’s awareness of their reproductive health, and equity in services, are applicable to all maternity service users. Trial registration number N/A

PREVENTION OF SUICIDE IN ADOLESCENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE NETWORK PROFESSIONALS

The prevention of suicide among adolescents is a challenge for professionals in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) given the increase in the number of suicides in recent years and the complexity of the topic. The objective of the study consists of analyzing the health care of adolescents with suicidal behavior in RAPS in a municipality in southern Brazil, from the point of view of professionals. This is exploratory qualitative research that used thematic analysis as an analytical tool. In-depth interviews were conducted with RAPS professionals who work in adolescent care. The results showed three themes: practice of referral to CAPS and indicated prevention; selective prevention and the territory's health care team; universal prevention and intersectoral actions. The weaknesses of the municipality in relation to matrix support in RAPS contribute to the fragmentation between welcoming and care with the development of the therapeutic plan. In addition, the study revealed difficulties in developing intersectoral prevention actions within the network. The study concludes that it is necessary to invest in the continuing education of professionals, especially in Primary Health Care, understanding the role of territorial insertion of this service, capable of articulating prevention management.

Telemedicine Awareness Among Chennai-Based Dentists: A Web-Based Questionnaire Survey.

Teledentistry has emerged as a crucial tool to address oral health needs amidst social distancing measures and lockdowns. Teledentistry during COVID-19 underscores its potential as an adaptive solution, transforming the delivery of dental care and providing a platform for maintaining oral health while prioritizing public safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of Chennaidental professionals on teledentistry, which may serve as a foundation for advancements in patient care and virtual dentistry in the future, and to evaluate awareness, usefulness, and data security regarding telemedicine among Chennai dental professionals using a pretested questionnaire. By distributing a pretested web-based questionnaire tolicensed dental professionals in Chennai, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The results were statistically analyzed and evaluated. A total of 90 dentists in Chennai responded to the questionnaire, out of which 65 (72.2%) were aware of teledentistry and 32 (35.6%) practiced teledentistry. Around 25 to 29 (30%-37%) dentists were very muchconcerned about obtaining patients' consent, digital forgery, confidentiality, and hardware reliability in teledentistry. This is the first kind of study ever done among dentists in Chennai, which shows enormous work is required to create awareness and knowledge among dental professionals. To inform dentists and the general public about teledentistry, targeted advertisements pertaining to the same are required.

Philosophy and Morality of the Era of Antibiotics using the Example of Acute Pneumonia

The widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics for more than eighty years, including not only medicine, but also the food industry, has had a significant impact on the usual relationships between representatives of the microbiosphere that accompanies our body. For a long time, the possibility of side effects remained without due attention, giving way to attempts to maintain the original antimicrobial effect of these drugs. Currently, evidence of the consequences of antibiotic therapy has received official recognition only in the form of resistant microflora. Phenomena such as the constant change of AP pathogens and the gradual loss of antibiotics for their purpose remain unstudied. The selective nature of specialists' attention to the side effects of antibiotics is due to a decrease in their effectiveness and the desire to restore the successes of previous therapy. The latter circumstance is a consequence of the negative didactic influence of antibiotics on professional views that determine the strategy for solving the problem and require, first of all, changes in accordance with the fundamental canons of medical science and numerous facts.

Sustainability of the Housing Market: Post-COVID-19 Effects on Housing Preferences in Cyprus

After the announcement of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, people around the world had to adopt online education, working from home and social-distancing policies in an effort to stop the spread of COVID-19. The lockdowns and home isolation brought to the surface the current limitations of the existing housing stock as people needed to re-organize their home space to host various daytime functionalities. Therefore, one could question whether the priorities of potential homebuyers have been changed due to technology, health, and socialization alteration? This study explores the preferences for housing attributes and trends in Cyprus post-COVID-19 pandemic and compares these against the views of real estate professionals who represent the Cypriot residential demand prior the pandemic. Data were gathered via qualitative surveys from 117 potential homebuyers and 36 real estate professionals from across Cyprus. A survey methodology with questionnaires was used to analyze the changes in the real estate demand between the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean importance of the housing attributes and to compare the results from the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods. The analysis found a shift toward houses rather than apartments, and the results suggest that new housing should contain more capacity for private use spaces, and at the same time, it should be designed with flexible and adaptive layouts to accommodate more activities. This study discusses whether these shifts are likely to be temporary or permanent and the implications for real estate professionals.

THE MORAL AND ETHICAL POTENTIAL OF A FUTURE TEACHER’S PERSONALITY – THE FOUNDATION FOR THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The article examines the resource capacity of future teachers’ moral and ethical potential as a guarantee of the productivity of their training for creative professional activity. The article aims to substantiate the moral and ethical potential of an individual’s personality as a personal resource to ensure the productivity of future teachers’ professional training for pedagogical activities and the ways of its formation in the conditions of university education. The study operated methods of analysis, generalisation, and specification of theoretical positions and the results of empirical research on forming the moral and ethical potential of future teachers in university education conditions. The essence, content, structure, and main characteristics of this complex phenomenon have been clarified and specified. The moral and ethical potential of a personality is defined as an integrated personal creation that organically combines professional moral and ethical views, the professional orientation of mental processes towards interaction and communication, pedagogical optimism and democracy, moral efforts, and actions aimed at improving the moral and ethical sphere of the future teacher and ensuring positive results in the professional branch. It has been established that these indicators of the moral and ethical potential of a personality positively affect the productivity of future teachers’ professional training if they achieve their goals in the process of developing moral and ethical qualities and professional improvement. This potential has a complex structure, encompassing interconnected components, including motivational one – a positive attitude towards people and moral norms regulating their behaviour in life and activity; moral-orientational one – knowledge of moral norms and ethics of behaviour concerning the rules accepted in society, requirements for the personality of a professional, and their actions and deeds; ethical-operational one – mastering moral and ethical experience in the professional and pedagogical sphere of activity; volitional one – self- control, management of one’s behaviour concerning adherence to moral and ethical norms in the course of pedagogical activity; control-evaluative component – self-assessment of one’s actions in transmitting moral and ethical norms, behaviour, and during the resolution of pedagogical problems. The practical course “Secrets of Pedagogical Ethics” has been developed and tested, aimed at forming these components of the future teachers’ moral and ethical potential. The effectiveness of active forms and methods of forming the professional-moral orientation of future teachers has been confirmed, including discussions, ethical conversations, debates, and presentations, as well as technologies of personality- oriented learning, cooperation technologies, and creativity development (SCAMPER). Based on the research results, it is concluded that moral and ethical potential serves as an effective means of performing professional functions, demonstrating moral and ethical positions, humanity, ethical actions and deeds, pedagogical tact, and professional pedagogical ethics of a teacher. Its formation should be considered as a core task of professional pedagogical training. Prospects for further research are seen directly in the development of the following aspects of the problem: updating the techniques for using the moral and ethical potential of students in ensuring the success of their professional training; theoretical substantiation of various types of technologies in the development of the moral and ethical potential of future teachers, forms, and systems for assessing and controlling the formation of this complex personal creation as an important resource for the positive dynamics of their professionalism level.

Healthcare professional views about a prehospital redirection pathway for stroke thrombectomy: a multiphase deductive qualitative study

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy for stroke is highly effective but time-critical. Delays are common because many patients require transfer between local hospitals and regional centres. A two-stage prehospital redirection pathway consisting of...

Professional skill priorities: Comparison views of osteopathy industry professionals and osteopathy students

ObjectiveThis paper investigates the perceptions, attitudes and experiences of osteopathy students who had opportunity to engage with differing curriculum interventions focused on patient communication, and compare these with those of industry professionals. MethodThree different osteopathy student cohorts had opportunity to engage with different communication curriculum interventions. Using focus group discussions, perceptions, attitudes, and experiences about patient centred care were gathered and thematically analysed using a realist lens. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry professionals to capture their perceptions, attitudes and experiences about patient centred care and compared with the students. ResultsCohorts with zero or one semester of advanced communication curriculum displayed underdeveloped concepts about the professional skill sets needed of an osteopath, patient-centred care and confidence and readiness for supervised clinical practise. In stark contrast, the one cohort who had opportunity to engage with the full communication curriculum i.e. introductory and advanced displayed views about patient centred care closely aligned with the views of industry professionals, demonstrated advanced ideas about skill sets of an osteopath, and were eager to commence supervised clinical practise. ConclusionAn explicit and appropriately integrated curriculum appears to expedite student confidence and maturity to align more closely with industry professional views regarding the skill priorities needed of an osteopath.

Development and implementation of an online intervention and embedded decision aid to support self-management of acne vulgaris: qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals.

Acne is common and has a significant impact on quality of life. Topical treatments are first-line and effective, but non-adherence is common due to slow onset of action, or lack of advice on how to manage side effects. The Acne Care Online programme is developing an online intervention to support acne self-management and help-seeking. This project aims to explore experiences and views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating acne to assess the acceptability and feasibility of implementing this intervention and embedded decision aid in practice. This qualitative study recruited HCPs working in general practice. Email invitations were sent to eight research-active practices in Southwest England, and snowball sampling was used. Purposive sampling was used to seek diverse participants. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Data were explored using thematic analysis. Nine interviews were conducted, including seven GPs, one nurse, and one pharmacist. Findings highlighted challenges faced by HCPs managing acne in time-limited consultations, particularly around patients' limited understanding of effective treatments, frequent requests from patients for non-first-line treatments, treatment non-adherence, and addressing psychosocial impact. The intervention and embedded decision aid were perceived as beneficial in addressing these challenges, improving shared decision making, and providing a reliable resource for patients. Interviewees suggested integrating the intervention into electronic practice templates for effective implementation. HCPs were positive about the potential for the intervention to be implemented as a useful tool in practice. Potential implementation barriers need to be considered, such as making the intervention quick to access in time-limited consultations.

Stakeholders' perspectives on adverse effects of ECT: A qualitative thematic analysis.

In the Indian context, published systematic research on the opinions of mental health professionals and other stakeholders (patients and caregivers) regarding the different adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not available. This type of study allows for an in-depth exploration of complex phenomena, such as the perspectives of mental health professionals, which can provide a rich understanding of their experiences regarding ECT and also helps to understand the views of mental health professionals regarding the adverse effects of ECT during the post-ECT recovery period and its management. Conversely, the perception of patients and caregivers regarding the adverse effects of ECT can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment and its impact on the patients who receive it. To explore the understanding of participants about the various adverse effects following ECT and their perception of managing different adverse effects of ECT during the post-ECT recovery period. A qualitative approach using focus group discussion (FGD) was used. A convenience sampling technique was followed for selecting the participants. FGDs were conducted with stakeholders including mental health professionals, patients, and caregivers. Five FGDs were conducted with psychiatry residents, nursing officers from the ECT suite, and different psychiatry wards at NIMHANS. Four FGDs were held separately for patients receiving ECT and their caregivers, admitted to various psychiatry wards at NIMHANS. A total of 28 mental health professionals, 20 patients, and 20 caregivers participated. The number of participants for FGDs was decided based on data saturation. The FGDs, lasting 30-40 minutes each, occurred between October 2022 and December 2022. The FGDs were audio-recorded with prior permission from the participants. All the participants were informed about the study. Written informed consent was obtained. All FGDs were transcribed. Thematic analysis was done using Atlas. ti software. The broad categories identified were adverse events associated with ECT during the ECT procedure, adverse events associated with ECT after the ECT procedure, prevalence of different adverse effects according to mental health professionals, effects of adverse effects on the continuity of ECT, and difficulties encountered by mental health professionals throughout the management. Other broad categories were found after conducting FGDs with caregivers and patients, which were patients' experience as per the caregivers over the course of ECT, caregivers' and patients' willingness to continue ECT, unfavorable impacts of ECT experienced by the patients immediately after ECT sessions, and, later till the end of that day, suggestions of the caregivers and patients to improvise the management of ECT-related adverse effects and management of adverse effects by the treating team. The findings will develop a standard operating procedure that may help nursing officers monitor and identify the adverse effects immediately after ECT and minimize the complications during the post-ECT recovery period.

Clustering by health and social care need in multple long-term conditions (MLTC): an exploratory qualitative study to understand the views of professionals and people living with MLTC about future interventions.

Around one in four people are living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). Integrated care to holistically manage both health and social needs could improve outcomes for people living with MLTC, including lower rates of hospitalisation and mortality. However, given the number of people with MLTC and increasing strain on health and social care, stratified approaches to identifying and addressing social care needs may be more efficient and cost-effective. We have developed data driven clusters that group people with similar health and social care needs, which could identify patients at the highest risk of poor outcomes related to social care need. To explore views about a future intervention based on these clusters. We aim to plan a cluster-based intervention that engages people living with MLTC and health and social care professionals to consider social care needs (SCNs) when consulting in primary care. We have conducted 14 interviews with professionals to explore their priorities and concerns about care delivery by MLTC clusters and 19 remote interviews with people living with MLTC to find out how well they identify with the MLTC clusters we have defined. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. GPs are the 'starting point' for conversations about SCNs but need an efficient system to enable effective conversations. The cluster-based intervention could fill this gap. This research identifies key considerations needed for an intervention to engage people with MLTC and health and social care professionals to consider SCNs in primary care.

Experiences and Views of Young People and Health Care Professionals of Using Social Media to Self-Manage Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

Social media have shown the potential to support type 1 diabetes self-management by providing informational, emotional, and peer-to-peer support. However, the perceptions of young people and health care professionals' (HCPs) toward the use of social media for type 1 diabetes self-management have not been systematically reviewed. The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the experiences and views of young people with type 1 diabetes and their HCPs on using social media for self-management across qualitative findings. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2012 to 2023 using Medical Subject Heading terms and text words related to type 1 diabetes and social media. We screened and selected the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We quality appraised and characterized the included studies and conducted a thematic synthesis. We included 11 studies in our synthesis. A total of 9 of them were qualitative and 2 were mixed methods studies. Ten focused on young people with type 1 diabetes and 1 on HCPs. All used content analysis and were of moderate to high quality. Thirteen descriptive themes were yielded by our thematic synthesis, contributing to five analytic themes: (1) differences in how young people interact with social media, (2) characteristics of social media platforms that influence their use and uptake for type 1 diabetes self-management, (3) social media as a source of information, (4) impact on young people's coping and emotional well-being, and (5) impact on support from and relationships with HCPs and services. The synthesis suggests that we should consider leveraging social media's peer support capabilities to augment the traditional services for young people with type 1 diabetes. However, the patients may have privacy concerns about HCPs' involvement in their online activities. This warrants an update of existing guidelines to help young people use social media safely for self-managing their diabetes.

The main reasons why emergency care for acute pneumonia does not help much

Despite the successful solution of many issues and impressive achievements in various fields, modern medicine is far from successful in providing effective care to patients with acute nonspecific inflammation of the lung tissue. This pathology, known since ancient times as acute pneumonia, has gradually become an important global problem in recent decades. Modern ideas about the nature of the disease and the basic principles of its treatment were formed under the didactic influence of antibiotics and are of a narrowly targeted etiotropic nature. First aid and emergency care methods for this category of patients do not provide the immediate expected effect, and arguments in favor of their use ignore the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, which leads to side effects. A radical revision of professional views on this problem, taking into account the unique pathogenesis of inflammatory processes in the pulmonary circulation, is an inevitable step in solving this problem.

Fragmentation in One Health policy and practice responses to antimicrobial resistance and the salutary value of collaborative humility

This paper investigates One Health (OH) applied to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to deepen and nuance its conceptual underpinnings and inform effective implementation. We consider how models of OH and AMR wedded to bioscience assumptions of life obscure biosocial complexity and reinforce the misleading assumption that scientific knowledge of AMR is generated outside social systems. With reference to in-depth interviews with medical practitioners, scientists and policy-makers working on AMR in Australia and the UK, we explore accounts of OH action on AMR. We show that the implementation of OH is subject to some fragmentation due to workforce organisation, funding arrangements and the absence of detailed guidance for translating OH into practice. Despite OH aspirations for transdisciplinary cooperation and innovation, human-centrism and somewhat incommensurable professional and scientific views on OH constrain trust in the policy approach and limit effective action. We discuss how, in some settings, OH action on AMR does resemble policy aspirations when emphasis is placed on collaborative humility, a finding that underlines OH’s biosocial character. We argue for the development of more robust biosocial models of OH to guide its application to AMR in real world settings.

Journey toward Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative designation: Healthcare professional's view on successful implementation process and maintenance of accreditation

ProblemThe Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative has yet to achieve widespread global implementation. BackgroundThe implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative has been recognised as complex. The challenge has been to maintain accreditation. AimTo explore and gain a deeper understanding of the healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the implementation process and the maintenance of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. MethodsA qualitative descriptive study with focus groups (n = 10) of the nurses, midwives and unit leaders (n = 43) perceptions of the implementation process were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. FindingsAnalysis of the data revealed five main themes: groundwork for the baby-focused breastfeeding context, management support throughout the process, promoting baby-friendly practices, effective communication ensuring the right track, and supporting the maintenance of BFHI designation. The main themes describe the implementation as a journey of climbing a hill and after reaching the top trying to maintain their position. DiscussionThe starting point for implementation was an optimal environment supporting baby-friendly breastfeeding practices. The support of the management of the organisation was an important way of moving the implementation forward. Commitment to the common goal strengthened the baby-friendly approach and with concrete and immediate feedback the right pathway on a journey was ensured. ConclusionPractical ways to support the implementation journey include regular update education on breastfeeding and continuous monitoring, as well as providing statistics to health professionals. Global guidelines on how to sustain change are needed. This will ensure that the work done is not wasted.

Recontextualization and Imagination: The Public Health Professional and the U.S. Health Care System.

Based on a qualitative study, this paper explores how United States public health professionals view and think about the existing U.S. healthcare system, while also allowing these study participants to imagine new ways of structuring and practicing public health. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, I show how public health professionals engage with the concept of "the social" and their personal experiences with public health to question the status quo. By giving public health professionals space in which to imagine changes and different ways of practicing public health, I demonstrate the effectiveness of imagination as a capacity that public health professionals possess to take the lead in creating the changes they hope for.

Professional's Views on the 'Nordic Paradox' in a Low Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence Country.

The apparently contradictory co-existence of high levels of gender equality and intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) found in Nordic countries has been termed the Nordic Paradox. The aim of this study was to examine how the Nordic Paradox is discussed and explained by Spanish professionals working in the IPVAW field. Five focus groups (n = 19) and interviews with key informants (n = 10) were conducted. Four main categories of possible explanations for the Nordic Paradox were identified: Macro-micro disconnect (i.e., discordance between individual beliefs and behaviors and macro-social norms of gender equality), IPVAW as multicausal (i.e., IPVAW defined as a multicausal phenomenon that does not necessarily have to be associated with gender equality), cultural patterns of social relationships (i.e., the role of social relationships and the way people relate to each other in the Nordic countries), and backlash effect (i.e., men's reaction to greater equality for women). Although this study does not provide a final explanation for the Nordic paradox, its results provide us with a better understanding of the phenomenon and can help to advance research in this field.

Positive Reframing of Psychosis Risk Is Seen as More Beneficial and Less Harmful Than Negative Framing by Clinicians: An Experimental Videotaped Simulated Feedback Study.

Recent studies show that, despite providing some relief, feedback about being at risk for psychosis often triggers negative emotional reactions. Inspired by Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) work on the framing effect and medical framings that favors positive framing like "life-threatening" over "high-risk for death," this study tested the hypothesis that positive reframing of psychosis risk (PR) could alleviate these concerns. To establish the justifiability and feasibility of testing this hypothesis with patients and their families, the study first sought to test whether mental health professionals (MHPs) view positive framing as superior to present state-of-the-art approaches. The study used an experimental design utilizing a simulated feedback session, recorded with professional actors, featuring a clinician, an adolescent, and his mother. One hundred forty-eight MHPs were randomly assigned to view either negatively or positively framed feedback and were asked about its induced impact on the adolescent and mother. The study results supported our main hypothesis, indicating significant benefits of positive framing over negative in areas like empathy, stress reduction, stigma, help-seeking, and hope. Contrary to our second hypothesis, familiarity with PR did not affect these results. These findings suggest that MHPs view positive reframing of PR as more beneficial and less harmful than present negative framing approaches. This sets the stage for subsequent phases that will assess the perceptions and preferences of individuals at risk and their families. The discussion highlights possible misconceptions of positive framing, such as labeling, positive psychology, and de-medicalization.

Mental health literacy in black South African communities

This study explored conceptualisation of the aetiology and treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and alcohol use disorder among black communities in South Africa. Utilising a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 240 black African community adult members (female = 122, male = 118; aged 18–35 years) about their understanding of vignettes from The Attitudes and Beliefs About Mental Health Problems: Professional and Public Views Questionnaire (Jorm et al. 1997). Findings indicated that the community members employed broad, all-encompassing phrases in relation to respective contexts to conceptualise these conditions rather than standard psychological terminology. While the participants conceptualised depression, schizophrenia, and alcohol use disorder as psychological problems, few responses conceptualised schizophrenia from a traditional indigenous perspective. Participants attributed depression, schizophrenia, and alcohol use disorder to psychological causes and endorsed professional help-seeking for these mental disorders, and alternative traditional treatment methods for schizophrenia. These findings support the cultural basis of the conceptualisation of mental illness and the treatment approach among the black African communities.