Professional Subjects Research Articles

THE MANAGEMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PROFESSIONALIZATION

This academic paper was developed with the aim of analyzing the management challenges for the effectiveness of professionalization. Managers of companies and educational units must contain all their demands in a unit in the administrative sector, so that there are no gaps or divisions in the separation of problems, such as lack of communication and difficulty in working as a team. Therefore, thinking about the actions of managers is immensely important for a good forwarding of professionalization. This is a bibliographical and documentary research, with a qualitative interpretive nature. With regard to the conditions for the effectiveness of the management process in the Brazilian business and educational fields, it became effective for us to carry out a bibliographic survey of existing studies on the subject since the turn of the 21st century. It is argued, therefore, that it is necessary to adopt a more professional and qualified management for the development and concreteness of the professional subject, as well as all those involved in the administrative system.

The Challenges Of Teaching English To The Marine Electrical Engineering Students

Teaching requirements for Maritime English teachers have been adapting to changes in social and work setting. The changing nature of the learning environment and the growing demand for the ETO (Electro-Technical Officer) at the seafaring market called for the need to adapt the English language learning plans to the language requirements of the amended STCW (International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers) code. Likewise, the students’ needs related to language competencies are also changing. The goal of this paper is to present the possibilities of teaching the English language to ETO students according to the requirements laid down by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), IMO Model Course 3.17, IMO Model Course 7.08 and the specificities of the ETO ranking. The choice of the language exercises presented in this paper rests on the blended teaching practices carried out at the Faculty of Maritime Studies Kotor with the Marine Electrical Engineering students. The article starts with theoretical insight about teaching the English language in the recent literature. In addition, the need for integration and cooperation between language and specific-subject teachers, the so-called “twinning” is also highlighted in the paper. Conclusions reached in this paper might motivate technical-related or specialized English practitioners to collaborate with their colleagues teaching professional subjects.

Technology of optimization: An emerging configuration of productivity among professional software employees

In this article, I draw from several months of fieldwork from 2019 to assess professional subjectivity in the software industry of Canada. I assess employees’ constructions of and feelings about their own productivity. I argue that the ways in which subjects understand and feel about their productivity says a great deal about how power is ‘willfully’ negotiated within everyday professional tech settings of neoliberal societies. My findings suggest that optimization is emerging as a technology of self among the individuals I studied, and bringing political consequences. In the first section of the article, I provide a brief overview of the productivity imperative’s cultural trajectory, and show its relation to optimization. Then, in the empirical analysis and discussion, I outline that the technology of optimization involves a discourse around bringing one’s best to public and private realms, offering a specific set of moral ideals. I then show that another facet of this technology of self is centered on willfully entangling public and private life. Finally, I theorize subjects’ reported feelings about their own productivity, assessing how the technology of optimization relates to a politics of privilege. With this study, I seek to make a contribution to the relation between the culture of productivity and professional subjectivity in the software industry, in an effort to expose how power is negotiated at the level of the self in an increasingly influential sector.

Essential Characteristics of a Primary School Teacher as a Subject of Creative Pedagogical Activity

The article describes and analyzes three key aspects of the personality of a primary school teacher as a subject of creative pedagogical activity - Requirements for the personality of a modern primary school teacher, subjectivity of a primary school teacher in scientific discourse and activity components as a basis of professional subjectivity of a primary school teacher. The purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of Western and Eastern European scholars on the modern view of the components and activities of the subjectivity of the teacher of this profession in order to increase its didactic and educational effectiveness. It’s proved that the subjectivity of the primary school teacher is defined as a complex functional autonomy of the system, which is formed, developed, built and transformed by him in the process of life, acquisition of pedagogical education and experience of pedagogical activity. Such subject-oriented manifestations of the teacher's personality as activity (ability to conscious self-determination of creative pedagogical activity) are described; productivity (its complex ability, on the one hand, to transform the educational reality in the classroom into a humane educational environment and the student in the subject of creative learning, and on the other - to constant subjective, professional and professional self-development and self-improvement in teaching, improving the results of their activities and themselves as a subject of pedagogical activity.

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS OF CIVIL ENGINEERS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

In the context of the man-made burden on the natural environment, the issues of developing civil engineering students’ environmental awareness are important and particularly relevant to low environmental security countries, which include Ukraine. The authors emphasize the need for broad implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development in professional training of civil engineering students, determine the level of their environmental awareness, compare the levels of formation of environmental awareness components, and pursue to identify effective ways to environmentalize engineering training. The study involved the students of Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture. The authors selected the semi-structured questionnaire method combining rating, Likert and importance scales, alternative and unstructured questions, as well as elements of the Azapagic and the Naturafil techniques. The results did not prove the formation level of the civil engineering students’ environmental awareness to be unsatisfactory. It was also found that the civil engineering students have steady environmental beliefs and are willing to comply with environmental norms in their activities. This fact brought the authors to the conclusion that the current practice of higher technical education in Ukraine takes account of sustainable development. The level of the civil engineering students’ environmental knowledge was also determined as sufficient, while their environmental activity and environmental management skills were seen as low. According to the authors, the use of integrated and practice-oriented approaches to teaching professional subjects and the introduction of environmental topics into general education subjects will contribute to strengthened environmentalization of professional training of civil engineers. Keywords: civil engineer, environmental awareness, higher school, sustainable development, technical education

Professionalism in (vascular) surgery: What does it mean?

A publication in the August 2020 issue of the Journal of Vascular Surgery, “Prevalence of unprofessional social media content among young vascular surgeons,” brought the concept of professionalism in the vascular surgery community to the forefront. In response to the methodology used in the article, and the definitions of professionalism, a global backlash from health care providers and lay people ensued. The article has since been retracted; however, its publication highlighted the need to reexamine current definitions and philosophies surrounding professionalism in medicine and surgery that may be discriminatory and exclusive. The term professionalism has no standard definition as evidenced by varying definitions among different societies and organizations. The lack of a structured, universally accepted definition of professionalism in the medical and surgical communities has resulted in no standard by which to measure the actions of physicians and surgeons. The definition of professionalism need not be complex and should not vary among specialties and societies. In its most simplistic form, the core definition of “professionalism” embedded in the volumes of publications, guidelines, and charters that exist on the subject of professionalism in medicine is respect. We propose a tiered approach to define professionalism in medicine that builds on fundamental principles of respect and inclusivity, and includes actionable steps at three levels: (1) individual, (2) organizational, and (3) societal. Through this approach, any physician, regardless of specialty, practice type or location, can apply these concepts to ensure they consistently embody what it means to be “professional.”

Study Habits and Their Effects with the Academic Performance of Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Technology Students

This study aimed at investigating the effects of students' study habits on their academic performance in professional and general education subjects. To attain this aim, the researcher used a sample of thirty-two (32) students from the Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Technology program under the College of Allied Medical Sciences for the academic year 2019–2020 of a university in Bulacan. The researcher used the descriptive-correlational method of research, which utilized a standardized questionnaire as the primary data gathering technique. Results of the regression analysis indicate that all eight (8) variables of study habits are correlated with academic performance (professional subjects and general education subjects) of the students to a varying extent, as shown by the non-zero B coefficients. The results of the analysis of variance of the regression of study habits on the academic performance of the students revealed an F ratio of 0.939 and 0.900 with an associate probability equal to 0.505 and 0.533, respectively. Since the p-values are greater than alpha, the null hypothesis (Ho) cannot be rejected. It may be safely concluded that the study habits of the students did not produce significant combined effects on the academic performance of the students. Conclusions were drawn, and recommendations were offered.

(Un)felt ferments: Limning liminal professional subjectivities with pragmatist–posthuman feminism and intimate scholarship

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate liminality as processual experiences and to disrupt (hetero)normative paradigms of organizational liminality identity work. I present an intimate inquiry of liminality from within lived liminal experience. My empirical focus is on personal liminal subjectivities as they unfold in specific, psychosocial time, and spaces—my situated, changing lives as a woman executive, mature doctoral candidate, and emergent academic. The posthuman calls for multi-directional, transdisciplinary openings, and experimental forms. In this paper I make four interweaving research contributions: (1) braiding philosophies, I conceptualize a pragmatist–posthuman organic theory of liminal subjectivity; (2) I illuminate my lived liminal experiences as affectual, conscious, and semi-conscious, where my identities are unbounded from self and recast as sociomaterial, entangled productions; (3) I innovate “methodologically” with an embrocation of Dewey’s experiential and esthetic philosophical methods, a flowing mixture of sensate scholarship and the adoption of radical–reflexivities; (4) I call for a community of inquiry into liminality as part of a quest to develop knowing democratically, in partnership with practitioners and all matter. My unfinished adventure is to perform scholarship useful to academics and practitioners, which can help make our practical lived experiences of liminality more bearable and fruitful.

SPEECH CULTURE AT THE MILITARY HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The aim of this article is to analyze the meaning of speech culture in the process of military officer becoming. The main subject of the research is the factors that influence its formation and improvement. Future officers acquire linguistic and conversation competencies at Military academy in classes on the subject of “Ukrainian language for professional purposes”. It promotes the acquisition and identification of knowledge in all professional subjects, and subsequently bringing them to subordinates in the practical field. Cadets get experience to solve professional problems in Ukrainian language classes through conversation, learn to use the skills for arguing their position, convince the interlocutor and build their own tactics and communication strategy, while confirming the norms of conversation culture. However, some real factors cause a problem. This is the conversation quality of the cadets from different regions of Ukraine. Most of them are from the central and southeastern regions, where surzhyk is the most widely used and among which the children first socialization takes place. Socialization continues at preschool educational institutions and at schools, where the number of teachers formally refers to the state language. Conversational culture is badly influenced by the media – radio, television, Internet, which not only replicate violations of the Ukrainian language standards, but also allow manifestations of sexism. These external social factors are analyzed in details. The scientists paid attention to internal and local factors. These factors ruin conversational culture of both commanding officer and teacher, such as Russianness (words borrowed from Russian language), slang and swearing. The practical aspect of the research is the main recommendations for improving conversational culture at the military educational environment. They are related to language regime. This is the priority attention of the management regarding strict compliance with the current legislation of Ukraine on the use of the state language. The priority attention of leadership is to comply with current legislation of Ukraine on use of the state language, enhanced control over its implementation, constant improve language and conversational qualification of scientific and pedagogical staff in advanced training courses, involve cadets in extracurricular activities, etc. The conclusion affirms the idea that speech culture is an integral part of the military officer general culture. Its formation depends on many factors and language regime. The main role belongs to commanding officer and teacher. Teacher should convince students that conversational culture is the best way to master the profession. It should be a cooperation of Ukrainian language teacher for professional purpose with teachers of professional subjects to encourage cadets and improve their conversational skills. Key words: speech of a military officer, speech culture, social factors of influence, speech personality, language mode.

Linguistic Patterns and Linguistic Styles for Requirements Specification: Focus on Data Entities

Requirements specification includes technical concerns of an information system and is used throughout its life cycle. It allows for sharing the vision of the system among stakeholders and facilitates its development and operation processes. Natural languages are the most common form of requirements representation, however, they also exhibit characteristics that often introduce quality problems, such as inconsistency, incompleteness, and ambiguousness. This paper adopts the notions of linguistic pattern and linguistic style and discusses their relevance to produce better technical documentation. It focuses on the textual specification of data entities, which are elements commonly referred to throughout different types of requirements, like use cases, user stories, or functional requirements. This paper discusses how to textually represent the following elements: data entity, attribute, data type, data entity constraint, attribute constraint, and even cluster of data entities. This paper shows concrete examples and supports the discussion with three linguistic styles, represented by a rigorous requirements specification language and two informal controlled natural languages, one with a more compact and another with a more verbose, expressive, and complete representation. We analyzed how other languages cope with the representation of these data entity elements and complemented that analysis and comparison based on the PENS classification scheme. We conducted a pilot evaluation session with nineteen professional subjects who participated and provided encouraging feedback, with positive scores in all the analyzed dimensions. From this feedback, we preliminarily conclude that the adoption of these linguistic patterns would help to produce better requirements specifications written more systematically and consistently.

Evaluation of education scenarios for acquiring digital competences of secondary school students in Slovenia

Digital competences are among the most important competences in modern society, with the education system playing a key role in the acquisition of digital competences by youths. As a rule, digital competences of students in general secondary schools in the EU are not optimal and vary considerably. As EU states are autonomous regarding secondary schools, their education organisation varies. Therefore, attempts are being made to implement certain standards of learning outcomes to be attained by secondary school students. Such standards are being prepared, and systematic implementation of the acquisition of digital competences in schools will begin as soon as there are enough trained teachers, for who in 2017 in the framework of DigCompEdu, a European framework of digital competences of educators was developed, with concrete advice for their work in the education process. We have prepared several education scenarios that can be used to enhance digital competences of students in general secondary schools where there are no professional subjects in which the students could acquire digital competences. Since the education scenarios are described by a large number of parameters, we prepared a hierarchical multi-attribute decision model for their evaluation and grading. Experts from the ministry, from professional services and secondary schools, cooperated in the preparation and validation of the model. The model is an aid to decision-makers who are looking for best scenarios, and also allows schools to evaluate their status and recognise what has to be done to attain a certain level of digital competences of students.

Assessing articulatory perturbations during a sung vowel-matching exercise using articulography

Vowel matching is considered a beneficial acoustic strategy for ‘choral blend’, but little is known about the articulatory changes that occur in practice. This paper explores the use of electromagnetic articulography (EMA) to examine the articulatory modifications used by singers when asked to blend with a unison singing voice. Five choir singers were recorded sustaining vowels with EMA electrodes placed on the tongue and the lips. During this task, subjects were asked to blend to a pre-recorded stimulus (same pitch and vowel). In a control condition no stimulus was played. Vowels /ɑ, i, u/ at pitches D4, F#4 and A4 were presented in each condition in a randomised order. Fundamental frequency (fo), intensity and the first three formant frequencies were estimated from the acoustic signal and analysed alongside the synchronous EMA data. Baseline and matching conditions were compared for each recording. All subjects significantly shifted their fo in one matching condition suggesting that tuning might be their primary blending strategy. Significant differences in multiple sensor movements were only observed for the professional subject. Analysis of the trajectories of these sensor movements suggests a delay in response similar to expectation from tuning literature. EMA is shown to be a promising tool to investigate articulatory movements in addition to acoustic features of singers when blending their voice to another. These protocols will be valuable for understanding relationships between articulatory and acoustic features as voices adapt to external stimuli, which is especially applicable for vocal training and choral pedagogy.

Exploring the experience of integrated teaching of the management core courses in a foreign language based on ICT use

The authors search the solution to the practical tasks of the contemporary education characterized by the increasing role of individual work in implementation of ICT at the lessons and in the independent work, the development of new principles, strategies and methods of teaching within the framework of integrated learning. These novelties can be applied when teaching professional subjects and foreign language and will provide the effective learning process aimed at acquiring the necessary competencies. The research discusses the process of integrated teaching using ICT and defines the organizational and educational conditions of integrated building of professional and foreign language competences using ICT. The authors generalize the experience of implementation of contemporary innovative technologies in integrated teaching of the professional subjects and foreign languages and analyze the ways of the effective ICT use in the integrated teaching of the management core courses in a foreign language. The content analysis performed in the research provides the basis for classification of both positive and negative aspects accompanying ICT use in education.

Mathematical Dispositions of Graduating Students of the College of Engineering, University of Eastern Philippines (UEP)

This study was conducted to determine the mathematical disposition of graduating engineering students of the UEP College of Engineering in the School Year 2016-2017. Specifically, the study assessed the profile of the graduating students in terms of their age, sex, average grade in calculus and academic performance in professional subjects; the mathematical disposition in terms of self-efficacy component; math as sensible component; and perseverance component; the relationship between the profile and mathematical disposition of students, and between the mathematical disposition and academic performance in professional subjects of the respondents.
 The 132 graduating students taking up Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering (BSAE), Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE), Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (BSEE), and Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (BSME) who are officially enrolled in the second semester of the school year 2016-2017 were the respondents of this study.
 The study found out that there were more graduating engineering students whose age is beyond 22 to 24 years old; more males; and have passing performance in calculus subjects.
 Generally, the graduating engineering students for the school year 2016-2017 have good mathematical disposition, specifically described as more efficacious, sensible, and more persevering.
 The students’ performance in calculus subjects was significantly related to mathematical disposition, while the age and sex of respondents have nothing to do with mathematical disposition.
 Specifically, respondents’ age and sex did not affect the three components of mathematical disposition, while average grade in calculus subjects was found to have something to do with their sensibility and perseverance level in mathematics.
 On the relationship between mathematical disposition components and the academic performance in professional subjects of graduating engineering students, it was found out that only the math as sensible component affected their performance in professional subjects.
 The result of this study also revealed that these students who were more efficacious, more sensible and more persevering performed good in their professional subjects.

Negotiating versatility and specialisation: On music teachers’ identification with subject positions in Norwegian municipal schools of music and performing arts

The Norwegian municipal school of music and performing arts has diverse tasks it must manage; the school not only intends to offer its students opportunities to specialise, but it also aims to facilitate social inclusion and be a school ‘for everyone’. Handling these two seemingly opposing tasks requires a great deal from its staff. This article explores how music teachers negotiate versatility and specialisation through identifying with professional subject positions. Based on 16 teacher interviews and document analyses, the study finds six analytically subject positions for teachers to identify with. Most of the teachers identify with several subject positions, either at the same time or interchangeably, based on the situation. Together, these subject positions shape their professional identities. This has implications for the institution’s management of its competencies. While being a school ‘for everyone’ is a widely shared commitment, this does not necessarily require versatility from each of its teachers, as long as the school can become a versatile institution through assembling teachers with different specialised competences. This in turn would entail the future music teacher education to be broad-based with possibilities of specialisation, which could lay the groundwork for teachers’ flexibility and their ability to further develop their competence after graduation.

Gendered Power at Work: Constituting Moral Worth in a Hyper-Masculine Organizational Culture

How do powerful women in a hyper-masculine organization talk about power? To answer this question, we should explore both cultural contents and gendered politics that inform women’s discourse about social power. This article investigates how women morally evaluate their own and others’ power. Based on in-depth interviews with 34 women serving in senior military positions, I argue that they achieve a sense of self-worth and professional subjectivity through moral work. This symbolic work involves three main discursive strategies regrading power: (1) Drawing symbolic moral boundaries between themselves and the morally ‘degenerate’ military environment; (2) Using ‘performances of authenticity’ to constitute their moral worth; and (3) (Non-)apology to counter the accusation implicit in the social expectation that they must apologize for their power as women. These strategies allow these women to talk about power in moral terms, bring power closer to themselves, and at the same time claim moral subjectivity. By morally justifying the use of military power, they make the internalized ‘brass ceiling’ transparent. Thus, I argue that although women are agentic in constituting their worth, this is not necessarily done by way of ‘resistance’, but rather through discursive maneuvering that relies on the same oppressive discursive patterns designed to restrict their power. Accordingly, their efforts to constitute their selves and ‘do power’ are carried out within, rather than outside, the gendered moral logic of the organizational culture.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ СПОРАХ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРАВА РОССИИ, БЕЛАРУСИ И СТРАН ЕВРОСОЮЗА

Introduction: in medical malpractice cases, patients (plaintiffs) or their relatives face serious obstacles in proving the conditions of liability of the health care provider: the fact of a medical error, the harm to health, and the causal link. The inherent informational inequality between the parties (a professional subject v. an ordinary person) and the limited accessibility of medical records (potential evidence) for the patient encourage the lawmakers and factfinders to deviate from the traditional formula for allocating the burden of proof. Purpose: to identify general trends in the development of judicial practice in medical disputes in Russia, Belarus, and the EU member states; to assess the prospects for the use in Russia and Belarus of evidence- based approaches developed by foreign legal doctrine to better protect patients’ rights. Methods: the authors use the comparative legal research method when dealing with the legislation, case law, and the legal doctrine of Russia, Belarus, the EU member states and other countries. Results: we have formulated a number of proposals for Russian and Belarusian jurisprudence based on international experience: to use the outcome criterion in assessing the quality of routine medical treatments and interventions (Fr. – obligation de résultat); to interpret any defects in medical records (incomplete information, unspecified corrections, etc.) in favor of the patient; to lower the standard of proof when proving the causal link to the preponderance of probabilities.

Innovations, advances, and updates in neurosurgery

Neuroscience plays an important role in the basic study to control the coordination of the human body, thinking, and behavioral patterns that keeps pace with time. It is a complex and multidisciplinary scientific body of knowledge related to the nervous system. There are different and overlapping aspects in this field, which are closely interconnected to several elementary professional subjects such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The number of aging population is expected to rise abruptly in the future, such that more than one in six adults globally will be 65 years or older by the year 2050. Advancing age of the elderly would obviously correlate to a rise in the burden of neurological diseases. Neurosurgery comprises surgical interventions involved in the management of central and peripheral nervous system diseases. Rapid technical and technological advances in the neurosurgical field in the past decades have revolutionized better outcomes and prognoses for patients. The present paper discusses selected relevant innovations, advances, and updates in neurosurgery. Further theragnostic strategies and perspectives to treat victims with neurological deficits are also summarized. We hereby outline some noteworthy, major, plus recent innovations, advances, and updates in the field of neurosurgery.

Mental health status of students pursuing professional training: A questionnaire-based study.

BACKGROUND:Globally, depression is one of the leading causes of illness and disability among adolescents, and suicide is the third leading cause of death among the young and adolescents. Since we have limited data on the prevalence of psychological distress among the youth of India, our aim was to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression among students of professional colleges.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was conducted in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (India). A total of 502 apparently healthy students have participated in this study. Data were collected from 243 medical students, 119 engineering students, 103 dental students, and 36 nursing students. A pretested, prevalidated, and structured Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used for the assessment of mental health among students. This is a self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Microsoft Office Excel was used for data storage and tabulation. Mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to find the association difference between various parameters using SPSS 22 software.RESULTS:Out of 502 students, 34.7% of students were found to have normal mental health, 135 students were having mild mental problems, and 116 and 77 had moderate and severe mental illness, respectively. Out of 197 males, 66 were normal, 61, 46, and 24 had mild, moderate, and severe mental problems, respectively. Out of 305 females, only 108 were found to be normal.CONCLUSION:Male students were found to have higher prevalence of mental abnormalities. A significant higher prevalence of depression is seen in day-scholars compared to hostellers. Nursing students are having significantly higher prevalence of depression and nonpsychotic mental illness as compared to dental, engineering, and medical students. Medical students are having the lowest rate of depression than other nonmedical professional subjects.

Allocating the transferable skills in the training program matrix

Bachelors not only can achieve their learning outcomes in the domains of knowledge, skills, and professional competencies, but also have to demonstrate transferable skills. Transferable skills are recognized as a great contributing factor to the success of each individual in work and life. Learners at the bachelor's level are trained to develop a number of the transferable skills to meet the requirements of society such as communication skills, teamwork skills, problem solving skills, critical skills, etc. These skills are often integrated into teaching professional subjects and educational activities. Therefore, determining the learning outcomes of the transferable skills and the matrix represents the contributions of subjects to the implementation of the learning outcomes – the training program matrix has a guiding role for teaching, learning, and assessing activities. The discussions were set up for determining the learning outcomes of the transferable skills and allocating the subjects to implement those skills, from the current situation of the 12 training programs in the fields of social sciences and humanities at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City. The limitations identified from the discussions indicate that there needs to be improvements in determining the learning outcomes and building the matrix for the transferable skills. On that basis, the recommendations for stakeholders are also proposed in the article.