Professional Standards Research Articles

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 112 • Number of submissions sent for review: 97 • Number of submissions accepted: 69 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 61.6 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 33 • Contact person for queries: Name: Jacopo Gaspari Email: jacopo.gaspari@unibo.it Affiliation: University of Bologna

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 115 • Number of submissions sent for review: 88 • Number of submissions accepted: 67 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 58.3 • Average number of reviews per paper: 3 • Total number of reviewers involved: 14 • Contact person for queries: Name: Xuexia Email: xx.ye@keoaeic.org Affiliation: AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 25 • Number of submissions sent for review: 24 • Number of submissions accepted: 24 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 96 • Average number of reviews per paper: 1 • Total number of reviewers involved: 15 • Contact person for queries: Name: SAURAV CHAKRABORTY Email: sauravc.mech@bitmesra.ac.in Affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi - 835215, India

Peer Review Statement

Abstract All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 524 • Number of submissions sent for review: 524 • Number of submissions accepted: 240 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 45.8 • Average number of reviews per paper: 3 • Total number of reviewers involved: 136 • Contact person for queries: Name: Fangyuan Cheng Email: cfy_sol@126.com Affiliation: xi’an shiyou university

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 46 • Number of submissions sent for review: 37 • Number of submissions accepted: 20 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 43.5 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 25 • Contact person for queries: Name: Wasil H.M. Salih Email: wasil.salih@utas.edu.om Affiliation: University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Suhar

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 61 • Number of submissions sent for review: 59 • Number of submissions accepted: 37 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 60.7 • Average number of reviews per paper: 3.2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 63 • Contact person for queries: Name: Serhiy Semerikov Email: semerikov@gmail.com Affiliation: Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Type of peer review: Double Conference submission management system: Morressier Number of submissions received: 168 Number of submissions sent for review: 168 Number of submissions accepted: 61 Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 36 Average number of reviews per paper: 2 Total number of reviewers involved: 18 Contact person for queries: Name: Chafic-Touma Salame Email: chafic.salame@euraca.edu.eu Affiliation: European Academy for Sustainable Development - EURACA

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 43 • Number of submissions sent for review: 45 • Number of submissions accepted: 33 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 76.7 • Average number of reviews per paper: 1 • Total number of reviewers involved: 12 • Contact person for queries: Name: Dr. Adip Wahyudi Email: adip.wahyudi.fis@um.ac.id Affiliation: Geography Department, Faculty of Social Science, State University of Malang

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 83 • Number of submissions sent for review: 80 • Number of submissions accepted: 66 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 79.5 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2.03 • Total number of reviewers involved: 24 • Contact person for queries: Name: Qi Xia Email: xiaqi@mails.ccnu.edu.cn Affiliation: Central China Normal University, China

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 56 • Number of submissions sent for review: 42 • Number of submissions accepted: 23 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 41.1 • Average number of reviews per paper: 3 • Total number of reviewers involved: 8 • Contact person for queries: Name: Xuexia Email: xx.ye@keoaeic.org Affiliation: AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre

Projected health workforce requirements and shortage for addressing the disease burden in the WHO Africa Region, 2022–2030: a needs-based modelling study

IntroductionAn adequate health workforce (HWF) is essential to achieving the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including universal health coverage. However, weak HWF planning and constrained fiscal space for...

Peer review protection: Pish-Posh or pivotal policy?

The Healthcare Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA) of 1986 is a pivotal federal mandate designed to enhance medical care quality through effective professional peer review. Importantly, it offers legal immunity to reviewers under specified conditions and mandates the reporting of adverse actions to the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB). This article explores the implementation of peer review processes in hospitals and the potentially severe ramifications of failure to report, using the scenario of a diagnostic radiologist performing high-end vascular interventional procedures, whose performance came under scrutiny, highlighting the intersection of federal and state laws, accreditation standards, hospital policies, and physician professionalism standards and reporting duties.

Multivariate Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for Dermatoscope Use by Chinese Dermatologists via an Online Survey.

The use of dermatoscopes is constantly increasing globally, but to date, there are no studies on the use of dermatoscopes by Chinese dermatologists. To determine factors influencing the use of dermatoscopes in China. A web-based questionnaire was designed by the Department of Dermatology at Huashan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University and was published online via the Shanghai Wheat Color Intelligent Technology Company, China. In 2019 and 2022, 1581 and 1507 dermatologists, respectively, were recruited and completed the questionnaire online. In China, the application rate of dermatoscopy is higher in eastern provinces than in western and remote areas. The proportion of doctors from public tertiary hospitals is the highest, with females being the majority. The age range of 30-40 years has the highest proportion, the proportion of doctors with professional titles of attending physician or above is the highest, and the proportion of doctors with a bachelor's degree or above is the highest. By improving the education and professional standards of doctors, providing more training opportunities, simplifying access, and promoting dermatoscopy in grassroots hospitals, we can increase the confidence of dermatologists in the use of dermatoscopy.

Using Teacher Performance Assessment to Dismantle Injustice and Construct Possibilities in Teacher Education

Educators at a public institution embraced the opportunity to collaborate with faculty, school partners, and community members to develop a portfolio-based teacher performance assessment (TPA) that centers program values and goals along with state and professional standards when their state removed the edTPA as a certification requirement in 2022. This study describes the process of development, the product generated with faculty and community engagement, as well as the results of a content analysis of data collected during the first round of full implementation. Findings support use of a portfolio-based TPA as a promising component of teacher certification with the potential to advance inclusive, culturally-sustaining, evidence-based practices that create pathways to equitable, just futures through a critical approach to collaboration, persistence, care, and joy, and prioritized authentic relationships with students, families, teachers, schools, and communities.

SURVEYING METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH

In the contemporary landscape, characterized by widespread informatization, including in education, there is a growing need for both fundamental and applied training in leveraging information and communication technologies (ICT). This article explores how enhancing the methodological competence of computer science educators impacts the development of students' key competencies. Given the high societal demand for well-educated professionals, educational quality is crucial, necessitating rigorous standards. The article critically analyzes the concepts of "competence" and "competency" from various scholarly perspectives, highlighting the significant role of a teacher's competence in the professional growth of future educators. Practical research focused on developing methodological competence helps students deepen their theoretical understanding, enhance pedagogical skills, and cultivate professional and personal qualities, fostering creativity and independence. It also identifies trends in teacher education within higher education, considering the effects of a two-tier system and professional teaching standards. The article defines "methodological competence" and "professional competence," noting that despite varying scholarly views, it generally includes theoretical knowledge and practical skills. These competencies enable educators to innovate and apply diverse pedagogical methods, thereby fostering student competencies.

Performance of OpenAI’s GPT-4 in a mock MRCS Part A Examination

Introduction: OpenAI’s latest iteration of a Large Language Model (LLM); GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) has demonstrated its proficiency against various professional examination standards like the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination), FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons) and the United States Bar. However, GPT-4’s capability with the MRCS (Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons) Part A has not yet been investigated. Methodology: A representative MRCS Part A examination that was prepared and provided by “TeachMeSurgery” based on the MRCS Intercollegiate Curriculum was used to assess GPT-4's performance. Each question was processed via the web-based interface of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) Plus. Results: GPT-4 scored 87.2% on Applied Basic Sciences (157/180) and 86.7% on Principles of Surgery in General (104/120 questions), achieving an overall score of 261/300 (87%), which is above the typical passing threshold. GPT-4 scored 100% in four out of the eleven predefined curriculum areas, which included: Pharmacology, Microbiology, Data Interpretation and Audit, and The Surgical Care of Children. GPT-4’s weakest performance was in the Medico-Legal Aspects of Surgical Practice, in which it scored 33.3%. Conclusion: GPT-4 successfully passed the mock MRCS Part A without any specialised preparatory training, however further research could look at integrating the GPT-4 model to enhance a trainee surgeon’s learning and use it as an effective tool to deliver high quality & efficient patient care.

Mechanisms for Ensuring Professional Responsibility of Medical Workers through Contractual Means

This article examines the use of contractual mechanisms to promote and enforce professional responsibility among medical workers. As healthcare systems face increasing pressures and scrutiny, there is a growing need for effective ways to ensure high standards of care and ethical conduct. The study analyzes how employment contracts, codes of conduct, and other formal agreements can be structured to clearly delineate professional expectations, incentivize best practices, and provide accountability. Key contractual elements explored include specific performance metrics, ongoing training requirements, incident reporting protocols, and disciplinary procedures. The potential benefits and limitations of relying on contractual means to shape professional behavior are critically assessed. While contracts alone cannot guarantee responsible conduct, when thoughtfully designed and consistently enforced, they can serve as powerful tools for health organizations to uphold professional standards and protect patient welfare.

Создание системы обеспечения качества педагогического образования в Китае на основе стандартов: Ретроспектива и перспектива

After entering the 21st century, a series of standards have been developed to build a standards-based quality assurance system for teacher education in China. The building of quality assurance system for teacher education has made some achievements, but it also faces some problem. At present, the building of high-quality teacher education system has been determined as the most important task in the reform and development of teacher education in China. This requires us to improve the quality assurance system for high-quality teacher education on the basis of reflecting on the existing system building. Based on documentary analysis the paper examines the building process and compositions of the standards-based quality assurance system for teacher education in China, and analyzes the problems and challenges of the existing system and puts forward some suggestions on building a quality assurance system for teacher education based on development-oriented teacher professional standards.

Media Narrative of School Shooting in Russia

School shootings, defined as acts of mass armed violence perpetrated within educational institutions, elicit significant media attention. This extensive coverage, however, raises concerns regarding its potential contribution to the “copycat effect”, where subsequent crimes are inspired by media portrayals of previous incidents. Furthermore, media narratives can significantly influence public perceptions of both the victims and the perpetrators involved. This study aims to analyze the narrative of school shooting within four key categories: victim portrayal, perpetrator description, perceived motives, and the act itself. The results reveals a dominant narrative structure that closely follows the chronological sequence of the perpetrator’s actions. This mirroring effect, likely driven by the inherent demands of streaming media formats, results in a construction of victim narratives “through the lens” of the perpetrator. Consequently, information regarding the perpetrators and their actions tends to dominate the media landscape, potentially overshadowing the experiences and perspectives of the victims. These findings carry significant implications for the development of ethical guidelines within journalism and professional standards for reporting on mass gun violence in schools. Moreover, the identified patterns in media narratives could serve as valuable input for developing mathematical models that explore the potential link between media representations of school shootings and the occurrence of copycat crimes.

The Civil Law Aspects of Informed Consent to Medical Procedures

Introduction: Informed consent is a communication process between healthcare providers and patients regarding the medical procedures to be performed. Its aim is to provide sufficient information so that patients can make informed decisions, and it is regulated by various laws and regulations in Indonesia.Purpose of the Research: The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal position of informed consent from the perspective of Indonesian civil law and to examine the civil law implications that arise if there is a violation of the informed consent principle in medical procedures.Method of Research: This research uses normative legal methods with legislative and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through literature study, and applying descriptive qualitative analysis.Results of Research: Research findings indicate that informed consent holds a strong legal position within the perspective of Indonesian civil law, being viewed as a manifestation of a therapeutic agreement that must meet the valid agreement requirements according to the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and be supported by various regulations. Violations of the principles of informed consent can lead to significant civil legal implications, including claims for damages on the grounds of breach of contract or unlawful acts, cancellation of the therapeutic agreement, liability for breach of professional standards, and claims based on consumer protection law. These implications can involve healthcare professionals and healthcare institutions, with consequences that include payment of material and immaterial damages, the burden of proof in court, and impacts on reputation and medical practice.