Professional Scholars Research Articles

Language matters: what can social workers learn from the transgender community?

ABSTRACT Questions of language and its contribution to constructing and preserving the social order have gradually entered social work research. This paper seeks to add to this professional scholarship by examining the concrete impact of language usage on real persons in everyday interactions. It is based on an interview study with eleven members of the transgender community in Israel and anchored in the feminist social work perspective. Transgender individuals challenge seemingly natural social conventions and do not necessarily conform to expected coherency between biology and gender. Since most Hebrew grammatical forms make clear distinctions based on gender, these individuals often lack adequate means for conducting a dialogue consistent with their sense of self. The interviewees’ descriptions highlight the pivotal role Hebrew plays in realizing their identity, thus providing a better opportunity for enhancing our understanding of the strategic power of language than the discourse of members of predominant social groups. These findings have potential implications for social work teaching and practice, especially in relation to undoing injustice.

Transcending Pseudohistory: Korean Early Asia and Discourse Analysis

Abstract Advocates of Korean pseudohistory imagine early Korea to have comprised a vast continental empire. They accuse professional scholars, who reject their ideas, of promoting “colonial historiography” to the benefit of China and Japan. This polemic resonates with domestic political nationalism. In 2014–15 it caused the termination of two government-funded projects, and a similar incident occurred in 2023. Despite a series of critiques, pseudohistory continues to thrive, particularly in the popular domain, and cannot be ignored. The challenge is how to address it. The author suggests two directions that can attend to pseudohistory while offering constructive areas for new research. The first is to pay attention to a discourse of Korean scholarship that focuses on regions extending beyond the conventional boundaries of Early Korea. This discourse represents a critical counterpart to pseudohistorical narratives of expansive empire, while its study enables engagement with Korean scholarship. The second suggestion is wider discourse analysis. For given topics of early Korea and Asia, we should model popular and pseudohistorical discourse alongside scholarly discourse, thus attending to popular and public domains. To address online, screen, and real-world sites of historical discourse, this article calls for constructive collaboration from a wider disciplinary spectrum of Korean studies and communication fields.

THE DOMINANT FACTOR OF THE GENDER MANAGEMENT IN THE QUR'AN PERSPECTIVE AT THE INTELLECTUAL AND PROFESSIONALISM MATURITY CAMPUS

Purpose: Many people are confused and do not know about setting human roles, especially: what about gender status? Exploring Gender Leadership from a Quranic Perspective on Intellectual and Professional Maturity / Ulu Al-Albab University Campus. The purpose of this article is to describe gender terms and the management of equality in the Qur'an. Theoretical Framework: The management of gender equality in the Qur'an or the perspective of efforts in the Ulu Al-Albab campus is interpreted and applied and implemented in all forms of that professionalism, which is reflected in the creation of intellectual professional and intellectual scholars as professional scholars. boys and girls alike. In all matters and fields, a life of depth of spirituality, breadth of knowledge, magnanimity, morality and maturity is presented with professionalism and coherence, enthusiastically enjoying and implementing the development of results. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used a quantitative approachor naturalist in field education, and bibliography study type. Findings: Research results indicate that the Qur'an signals with the terms "men" and "women", which are properly masculine and feminine, with additional knowledge not based on gender, with the terms "oldest" and "newest" when necessary, which is closely related to the type of gender or not (role), which prioritizes professionalism. Research, Practical & Social Implications: Gender management from the perspective of the Qur'an, interpreted and implemented in the Ulu Al-Albab campus and applied in all forms of professionalism reflected in the creation of intellectual professional and intellectual scholars as professional scholars equally among boys and girls. All things and aspects of life bring deeper spirituality, broad knowledge, high morals and maturity, professionalism and enthusiastic togetherness to develop and make results. Originality/Value: This study is unique because it focuses on UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, the only Islamic university in Indonesia based on the general concept of Ulu al-Albab (intellectual and professional maturity).

｢유관순연구｣ 게재 논문의 연구동향과 과제에 관한 연구

This paper derives research achievements and tasks focusing on papers published in 『Yu Gwan-sun Research』 over a total of 21 years from 2002, when the journal was founded, to 2022, and reviews future tasks and development directions. It has a purpose. In particular, we would like to analyze in detail how research trends and topics have changed over the past 20 years since its founding, and how research trends in academic journals have changed, focusing on research topics and content. The research method will utilize quantitative analysis and qualitative methods on topics, objects, and contents, focusing on papers published in the academic journal 『Yu Gwan-sun Research』. As for the limitations of the study, the general limitation of qualitative research is expected to be the problem of generalization, but as the scope of the study was limited to the academic journal 『Yu Gwan-sun Research』, the results and tasks of the journal were derived.
 Looking at the results, firstly, the life, independence movement, and Christian spirits related to Yu Gwan-sun were discovered and inherited and developed. Second, it sheds light on the role of the religious world, including Christianity, during the March 3.1 independence Movement, and especially identifies the influence of the Christian spirit on Yu Gwan-sun and the independence movement. Third, since the founding of the Yu Gwan-sun Research Institute, it has achieved various achievements, including the discovery of Yu Gwan-sun's historical records, as well as joint academic conferences, international academic conferences, operation of the Yu Gwan-sun School, and the establishment of the Yu Gwan-sun Association to inherit. The future direction of development is that the Yu Gwan-sun Research Institute and the Yu Gwan-soon Association need to cooperate with each other to focus their capabilities on discovering professional scholars, nurturing talent, and developing educational content. Expansion of the organization and allocation of related budgets are needed to contribute to the qualitative development of theses.

Demonstrating Didactic Models for ESD and Bildung in School Education

Objective of the article: The aim of this article is to synthesise the findings of relevant research articles and to demonstrate several “didactic models” of education for sustainable development (ESD) in school education.
 Research method: The method of narrative literature review was used to identify didactic models for ESD in school education.
 A short description of the context of the presented issue: The term didactic refers to the professional scholarship of teaching. In recent decades, the need to develop didactic models that would support school teaching and to allow for this adjustment in new teaching contexts has been addressed. Research has shown that school subject teachers work differently with ESD. It demands holism and pluralism, which requires embracing multiple stakeholders and communities, and a multi-disciplinary approach. Shedding light on achieving sustainability with its holist and pluralist features, this article analyses relevant research articles and demonstrates several “didactic models” for ESD in school education.
 Conclusions and recommendations: I propose socioscientific issues-based teaching and learning (SSI-TL) as a useful didactic model for ESD and argue for the need to embrace didactic models like SSI-TL in teacher professional development for both pre- and in-service teachers. The article explicitly considers the value of applying Communities of Practice as a theory to guide educational practices and research on education for sustainability in school science. The implications of applying the didactic models presented in the article are relevant not only for ESD, but also for students’ development of Bildung to become reflective and responsible citizens.

A Paratext Perspective on the Translation of the Daodejing: An Example from the German Translation of Richard Wilhelm

In the German translation history of the Daodejing, the version rendered by the renowned German sinologist, Richard Wilhelm, has vigorously propelled the study of Laozegetics in Germany and stands as a translation of historical and scholarly significance. Wilhelm complemented the concise main text through the use of diverse, precise, and appropriate paratexts, granting his translation both readability and academic rigor. This ensures the admiration of general readers and the recognition of professional scholars. Tailored to the linguistic preferences and educational levels of German readers, Wilhelm frequently employed highly recognizable theological, philosophical, and literary concepts within the German cultural system to elucidate the Daodejing. This translation strategy effectively satisfies the expectation horizon of target readers. In the paratexts, Wilhelm constructs a philosophical framework of Daoism, compares the thought of Confucianism and Daoism, and broadens the dialogue between Chinese philosophical thought and Western intellectual traditions, thereby bestowing upon the Daodejing a renewed vitality in the German-speaking world.

Digital Humanities—Ways Forward; Future Challenges

Abstract Have digital tools and methods accelerated the rate of scholarly production over the last 20 years? If so, has this acceleration been beneficial for scholarship? This article considers examples of accelerated historical scholarship as well as calls for a “slow history.” Through an analysis of the author's own experiences with the digital humanities, it examines the advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies in the field of history. It concludes that online resources and digital technologies have expanded the archive for the historian and created new ways to reach other specialists and the general public. Nevertheless, historical scholarship must still rely on carefully crafted, well-argued prose whose production cannot be accelerated by new digital technologies, although recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence may ultimately challenge this situation. In recent decades, the field (or, at times, discipline) of digital humanities (DH) has revolutionized the scholarly profession and beyond—and with good reason. Seen at times as a democratizing force, DH has led to the creation of an increasing number of open- access databases and scholarly publications, the launching of massive archival digitization initiatives, and the development of numerous digital tools that help streamline the work of the academic researcher, student, and educator. In many ways, then, its benefits are manifest. Yet, recent years have also begun to reveal numerous problems that could influence various aspects of our trade as well as what—and how—information will be available in the future. This article discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of DH and invites the reader to reflect on what we can do to help mitigate these problems. Exciting new modes of digital scholarship have emerged in recent years, providing us with expanded windows onto the past. This process has been accelerated by somewhat democratized ways of digitizing and analyzing source material. A main issue of contemporary knowledge production using digitized sources is how power can so easily be reinscribed into access to archives. The choice to digitize collections, even the existence of collections themselves, creates a great opportunity for research but also runs the risk of reinforcing the privilege and worldviews that have shaped and continue to shape the very processes of digitization and digitalization. Drawing on examples of Western and non-Western digital scholarship, this article argues that, although the digital facilitates greater public knowledge of collections, when it comes to decolonizing our research subjects, it also introduces significant layers of complexity. This article advances an analysis of the development and state of critical digital humanities. It posits two modalities for this approach to digital humanities (DH). The first is a modality of inward-looking, functional self-critique that comprises a rethinking of computational genesis stories, logics and methods, institutions and infrastructures, and digital capitalism, and the second is an outward-looking critique best understood as a form of situated sociopolitical engagement that embraces epistemic and social justice projects that are decolonial, anti-racist, inclusive, collaborative, and multilingual. Through these analyses, the article offers a vision of critical digital humanities in its mission to critique the ideologies, social inequities, and epistemological hierarchies that are built into technological products and computational logics and that are concomitantly fostered by knowledge- creation industries of universities, corporations, governments, and the GLAM[R] sector. In this way, the article shows how critical digital humanities helps us to envision the role that DH can play in processes of recovery, reparations, emancipation, and community-building. Drawing upon over 20 years as Editor-in-Chief of H-France, I argue that the scholarly profession, established in Cold War era, pre-digital institutions, has only begun to adapt to the transformations introduced by the global digital humanities. A generational shift is currently underway as younger scholars more natively adept with digital technologies use their skills and forms of new media to press for changes in hiring and tenure practices, to demand greater progress on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues, and to insist that the academy confront the collapse of academic positions in the humanities and provide training for and recognition of alternative career paths. I call upon professional organizations to undertake difficult conversations and take leadership in reshaping professional organizations for a post–Cold War, digital age, especially in terms of funding priorities. Scholarly organizations will best gain influence through collaboration.

The Origins of “Lawfare” and the Exploitation of Public International Law

This paper offers a transdisciplinary analysis of the abuse of public international law for geopolitical objectives, providing an analysis of the term lawfare, the only previously accepted term to describe this behavior. It concludes that the definition lawfare is inadequate for professional scholarly or policy-focused discourse and offers the notion of Malign Legal Operations (MALOPs) as a more appropriate term to encapsulate these actions. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes that the debate over the value-neutrality of the notion lawfare is complex, and the term is insufficiently defined to support its supposed neutrality, leading to opportunities for further exploitation by revisionist states and entities. Supporters of valueneutrality argue that distinguishing a “malign” variant of lawfare offers malicious practitioners more opportunities to make false claims against legitimate actors. However, the text counters that classification of malign behavior is based on objective and observable manipulations of legal systems rather than mere disagreement. Furthermore, the paper argues that lawfare is a doctrinally inappropriate term due to its contradictory nature, as it combines “law” and “warfare” despite serving as an alternative to military conflict. Using a single term to describe both legitimate and malicious legal actions is damaging to discourse and detracts from efforts to combat the misuse of legal systems. The research’s primary objectives include establishing the lack of a universally accepted definition for lawfare, demonstrating the unanswered question of value-neutrality, and highlighting the non-doctrinal nature of the term itself. It concludes that lawfare is no longer an appropriate term to describe these phenomena, advocating for the adoption of Malign Legal Operations to better represent the manipulation of legal domains for political ends.

Speaking Persian in Byzantium

The earliest instances of Byzantine interest for the New Persian language date from the ninth century. The most notable example is provided by Photios who was especially curious about the Persian roots of Greek words. However, in the eighth-to-eleventh centuries, the knowledge of Persian was not common among the Greeks. The situation changed in the second half of the thirteenth century, when the practical knowledge of foreign languages spread outside the small circle of professional scholars and diplomats and became rather common among the native Byzantines. The status of the Persian language increased dramatically for two reasons: first, because of the rise of the political and cultural prestige of Anatolian Muslims in Byzantine eyes; and secondly, due to the rediscovery of Persian science by the Byzantines.

How Are We Doing? An Analysis of Drug Information and Library Sciences (DILS) Professional Scholarship

How Are We Doing? An Analysis of Drug Information and Library Sciences (DILS) Professional Scholarship

From a Spectacle Making Trade to Scholarly Profession: A History of Optometry in the United States.

From a Spectacle Making Trade to Scholarly Profession: A History of Optometry in the United States.

From Sideshow to Centre Ring: The Historiography of Popular Entertainment

The academic interest in popular entertainment was long retarded by a class attitude that regarded it as a cultural phenomenon of inferior quality. Those who researched it were collectors and enthusiasts rather than professional scholars. The disdain of the Frankfurt School was also a factor. In the 1960s, with the rise of leisure studies and a Marxist-inflected interest in working-class culture, this began to change. The study of popular forms is now an accepted, even dominant part of the humanities curriculum, though still occasionally tinged with apology.

Thomas Norton’s Meditation of a Penitent Sinner

ABSTRACT Who wrote “A Meditation of a penitent sinner” that was appended to Anne Lock’s translation of Sermons of John Calvin Vpon the Songe that Ezechias made (1560)? Lock (c.1533–90) introduced this poem with the disclaimer that it was “delivered me by my frend with whom I knew I might be so bolde to use and publishe it as pleased me.” Although Lock was not known to have written English verse, professional scholarship attributed the “Meditation” to her with near unanimity until 2017, when Steven W. May argued that Thomas Norton (1532–84) was its likely author. In response, Jake Arthur challenged May’s thesis in 2022, arguing in particular that May’s linguistic methodology was flawed. This article refutes Arthur’s rejoinder by clarifying how the stylistic evidence fits into the larger argument and summarizing the evidence that Norton is beyond reasonable doubt the friend who gave Lock the “Meditation” for her 1560 translation of Calvin.

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Genealogies of Enslavement and Convictism: Family Histories and Their Legacies in Barbados, Mauritius, and Australia

This roundtable places academics and family historians together in research and dialogue to co-produce and publish shared knowledge about the past. Focusing on histories of empire, enslavement, and penal transportation in Barbados, Mauritius, and Australia, we offer this format as an equitable alternative to an academic article written by professional scholars with acknowledgement of genealogists’ research and insights. Focusing on Britain’s penal transportation of enslaved, or formerly enslaved, peoples in the past and the aftermaths of these histories now, we highlight negotiations of history, experiences, and identities in writing about the British empire and its legacies.

A Reflective Study Investigating Looping in Higher Education as a Pedagogical Methodology Model

Looping, an educational pedagogical approach in which student groups are taught by the same teacher in successive years, has long been implemented in K-12 schools to various degrees of success. However, little research of its occurrence in higher education settings exists. To address the lack of professional scholarship of looping in colleges and universities, this reflective study examines looping as a pedagogical methodology in teacher education courses at the undergraduate level. Having emerged from several years of the author’s personal looping implementation at both middle school and collegiate levels, this reflective research study seeks to examine how looping in higher education differs from more traditional course delivery models. Grounded in the ecological framework of reflection and reflective methodology, the study looks at looping and proposes ideas for further areas of investigation.

The 3D Method: A Tool to Analyze Positions in Animal and Environmental Ethics

Over the past fifty years numerous ethical and political traditions, and positions and sub-positions, have emerged in the fields of animal and environmental ethics. In combination with inconsistent terminology and axiological variation, this has made it difficult for both novices and professional scholars to maintain an overview of these fields. Referring to the preliminary work of Kenneth Goodpaster, William Frankena and Kirsten Schmidt, this paper describes and explains a workable 3D method in which advantageous use is made of three dimensions in ethical argumentation: “moral considerability”, “moral significance” and “moral practice”. The method is a useful research tool for at least three reasons: it allows us to systematically analyze, reconstruct, compare and criticize different normative positions in animal and environmental ethics; it helps ethical theorists to reflect on, and define, their distinctive positions; and it leads to the construction and development of a moral position with the desirable qualities of clarity, transparency, comprehensibility and completeness. First, the 3D method is introduced, and its historical context and origins outlined. Then the three dimensions of the method (moral considerability, moral significance, and moral practice) and their interrelations are considered. The paper concludes with some critical remarks and discusses the limits of the method.

231 Training Medical Interns and Graduate and Professional Students on Community Engaged Research: Lessons Learned from Implementing a Community Scholars Program

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1. Describe the development and implementation of a Community Scholars Program to train graduate and professional students on principles of community engagement and its application to their research. 2. Evaluate lessons learned and overall impact implementing a Community Scholars Program. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: After identifying a need to train scholars on the principles of community engagement, the Community Engagement Research Core’s (CERC) Community Advisory Council (CAC) developed the Community Scholars Program (CSP) in 2014. The CSP was designed to educate scholars on community engaged research and how it can be applied to their research projects. The program is currently in its ninth cohort with 19 graduate and professional students having participated in the program to date. Prospective scholars identify a community partner and faculty mentor and apply to conduct a community engaged research project over the course of an academic year. The purpose of this project is to describe the development and implementation of a CSP and identify lessons learned throughout the process. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Five lessons learned have been identified: five major lessons learned from implementing the CSP: (1) establish partnership agreements between the scholars and their community partners and faculty mentors, setting expectations to avoid conflict and increase mutual understanding; (2) expand and implement more creative outreach approaches to cultivate a more diverse pool of applicants; (3) increase networking between current and past scholars to share experiences and serve as a resource for each other; (4) provide formal CE training for scholars to develop a better understanding of the principles of CE and CE research; and (5) document progress of the program through formal feedback and evaluations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The CSP was constructed to fill a gap in CE research training for graduate and professional scholars. Over the course of the program, the identified lessons learned have created program clarity and increased accountability for scholars, mentors, and community partners alike.

Engagement in radiation therapy research: What happens after graduation?

BackgroundTo prepare undergraduate radiation therapy (RT) students for the professional role of Scholarly Practitioner the University of Alberta's Radiation Therapy Program (RADTH) provides research education, and students conduct novel research studies during their final practicum year with the final result being a publishable paper. A curriculum evaluation project was carried out to examine the impact of the RADTH undergraduate research education by examining the final outcomes of these research projects and whether the learners carried out further research after graduation. MethodsAlumni who graduated from 2017 to 2020 were surveyed to seek information on the dissemination of their research projects, whether the projects resulted in a change to practice, policy, or patient care, if subsequent research has been performed by the graduates, and the motivators or barriers to conducting research post-graduation. A subsequent manual search of publication databases was conducted to fill in data gaps pertaining to publications. ResultsAll RADTH research projects have been disseminated by conference presentation and/or publication. One project was reported to have had an impact on practice, with no impact reported for five projects and two respondents not sure about any impact. All respondents reported they have not participated in any new research projects since graduation. Barriers listed included: limited local opportunity, lack of topic ideas, other professional development, no interest in research, COVID impact, and lack of research knowledge. ConclusionsRADTH's research education curriculum successfully enables the RT students to conduct and disseminate research. All RADTH projects have been successfully disseminated by the graduates. However, participation in research post-graduation is not occurring due to a variety of factors. While MRT education programs are required to develop research skills, this education alone may not alter motivation nor ensure research participation post-graduation. Exploring other avenues of professional scholarship may be key to ensuring contribution to evidence-informed practice.

Cultural Connections Between China and Foreign Civilizations Through the Kucha Donor Images in the Kizil Caves

Kucha was a small country once existed in the western border of China. Its famous Kizil Caves represents the importance of Buddhism to this country. This research focuses on the Kucha donor images found in some of the Kizil Caves, mainly two group of donors from cave No. 199 and No. 205. The dates, traits of clothing and “tipping toe” standing posture, and identity of these donors are argued and discussed, and they are compared to Sogdian, Bactrian, Persian, and Roman artworks that share similar clothing style or standing posture. Historical evidence is then presented throughout the paper to prove that the similar clothing style and standing posture between Kucha donors and foreign figures reflect cultural connections across the Eurasian continent, on the Silk Road. The paper also explains how the “tipping toe” standing posture is a shared artistic motif but is interpreted and used differently across cultures, thus leading to the author attempting to answer the question: why these Kucha donors were drawn in the Kizil Buddhist Caves. The research mainly uses articles and books written by professional scholars, with the support of some primary texts as historical evidence. Additional archaeological discoveries and art history visual analysis are applied to aid the conclusion of this paper.