Professional Organizations Research Articles

Real-world Use of Mogamulizumab Among Patients With Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Before and During COVID-19 in the United States

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, professional organizations suggested extending dosing intervals for systemic cancer therapies to limit in-person visits. Mogamulizumab, indicated for adults with relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) after ≥1 prior systemic therapy, should be administered every 7 days of the first 28-day cycle (loading) and every 14 days of each subsequent cycle (maintenance) according to the approved prescribing information in the United States (US). This study examined the real-world use of mogamulizumab before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Using Symphony Health's Integrated Dataverse (IDV) database, adults with ≥1 diagnosis of MF or SS and ≥1 mogamulizumab claim between October 1, 2018 and December 22-, 2022 were identified. Patients in MF and SS cohorts were divided into 3 subgroups based on the date they initiated mogamulizumab treatment: pre-COVID-19 (October 1, 2018-March 31, 2020), COVID-19 Phase 1 (April 1, 2020-July 31, 2021), and COVID- 19 Phase 2 (August 1, 2021-December 22, 2022). During the study, 270 patients with MF and 337 patients with SS initiated mogamulizumab. The pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 Phase 1, and COVID-19 Phase 2 subgroups included 95, 81, and 94 patients with MF and 124, 119, and 94 patients with SS, respectively. In the MF cohort, mean loading dosing intervals were 13, 12, and 9 days for the pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 Phase 1, and COVID-19 Phase 2 subgroups, respectively, and mean maintenance dosing intervals were 16, 16, and 16 days, respectively. In the SS cohort, mean loading dosing intervals were 16, 11, and 11 days, and mean maintenance dosing intervals were 19, 18, and 16 days, respectively. For both cohorts, more patients in the COVID-19 Phase 1 and Phase 2 subgroups than in the pre-COVID-19 subgroup had gaps of ≤10 days between loading doses and ≤21 days between maintenance doses. In patients with MF and SS, loading dosing intervals in the pre-COVID-19 period were longer than the loading schedule per the approved prescribing information, but there was a trend towards closer concordance in the COVID-19 periods. Maintenance dosing intervals in patients with MF were consistently similar to the approved schedule across treatment periods, and in patients with SS became more closely aligned over time. Thus, dosing intervals for mogamulizumab in both loading and maintenance cycles do not appear to have been extended during the COVID-19 Phase 1 and Phase 2 periods compared with the pre-COVID-19 period, despite recommendations to extend dosing intervals for systemic cancer therapies during COVID-19.

New Modes of Practice: A Framework Analysis of School Nurses' Accounts of Working With Children and Young People During COVID-19.

To identify new and accelerated modes of practice used by school nurses during the COVID pandemic. To create a quick reference infographic bringing together experiential evidence on the range and considerations regarding different modes of practice for use by the school nursing community of practice. A descriptive qualitative secondary data analysis of open-ended questions in a survey, and focus groups with school nurses. The pragmatic aim was to focus on changes in school nurse modes of practice to ensure continued engagement with children and young people, and school nurses' experience of the benefits and challenges of these modes of practice. Data were collected from 98 school nurse participants across a United Kingdom-wide survey (n78) in April to May 2022, and focus groups (n20) in June to July 2022, within the School Nursing in the Time of COVID project. Data from the seven open-ended questions in the survey and four questions from the focus group were analysed using the framework approach. Modes of practice fell into two categories: individual assessment and support (video-calling platforms, telephone contact, virtual messaging, walk-and-talks and home visits) and group support (wellbeing approaches, social media). Considerations for these modes rooted in school nurses' experience are described. Interpretations were used to create the summarising evidence-based infographic as a quick reference resource for school nurses. There was no 'one size fits all' approach. The modes used by school nurses were adopted or developed out of necessity or resource availability and in response to the specific needs of individuals or groups. The developed infographic provides a quick reference guide to deliver the expressed need for knowledge exchange within the school nursing community by participants in the original studies and can be used to inform current school nurse practice. The developed evidence-based infographic has stand-alone value. It has the potential to raise awareness of the range of different strategies that can be used to facilitate and/or enhance engagement with children and young people, equip school nurses with knowledge to foster innovative and responsive practice and aid critical reflection in a complex post-pandemic landscape. The infographic is a unique resource and is a first step in knowledge exchange based on experiential learning. The resource will be used as the foundation for future work to develop a co-created training resource for school nurse students (undertaking the Specialist Community Public Health Nurses course) and/or continuing professional development resource for established school nurses. This study has been conducted and reported in accordance with COREQ guidelines for qualitative research. A consultation group was closely involved with the planning, conduct and analysis of the original studies. This group consisted of representatives from professional organisations SAPHNA (School and Public Health Nurses Association) and the CPHVA (Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association), a school nurse and a member of the public. SAPHNA have continued in their consultative role for this study and has provided content and usability feedback regarding the infographic. Early findings have been presented to the SN community of practice, and feedback invited, through presentation separately at the CPHVA and SAPHNA annual conference.

Founding a Professional Organization: An Interview with American Academy of Emergency Nurse Practitioners' Founder, Dr. Elda Ramirez.

The creation of the American Academy of Emergency Nurse Practitioners (AAENP) marked a significant milestone in the professionalization of emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs). This interview with Dr. Elda Ramirez, the founder of AAENP, explores the critical moments and challenges that led to the establishment of the organization. Driven by the need for a dedicated body to advocate for the unique role of ENPs, AAENP was founded to address gaps in regulatory recognition and professional standards within the broader nursing profession. The manuscript delves into the origins of AAENP, highlighting the pivotal roles of co-founders Drs. Arlo Weltge and Kyle Kincaid, and discusses the organization's early achievements, including the development of a specialized certification exam. AAENP's journey underscores the importance of professional societies in advancing specialty practices and advocating for the interests of their members.

Provider Guidance for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants: Maternal Vaccination Versus Infant Monoclonal Antibody Treatment.

In 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved 2 new products to reduce the risk of lower respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants: Beyfortus (nirsevimab; AstraZeneca/Sanofi), a single-dose monoclonal antibody for infant administration, and Abrysvo (bivalent RSVpreF vaccine; Pfizer), a single-dose maternal vaccination. We aimed to synthesize data from the literature and the leading professional organizations to provide guidance on RSV and strategies to reduce the risk of infant infection. This information will assist prenatal care clinicians in counseling their patients regarding the choice between maternal vaccination and the infant monoclonal antibody. A descriptive review of the guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. All 5 organizations recommend that RSV vaccination should be offered to all pregnant people during the RSV season (September-January in the continental United States). Infants younger than 8 months entering into their first RSV season born to those who did not receive maternal vaccination or received vaccination less than 14 days prior to birth should be offered monoclonal antibody administration. RSV vaccination and monoclonal antibodies have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of lower respiratory tract infections due to RSV in infants. Future studies should further evaluate the durability of protection and other strategies to further protect the infant, including cocooning and the role of breast milk in immunity.

Presentation and outcome in carriers of pathogenic variants in SLC34A1 and SLC34A3 encoding sodium-phosphate transporter NPT 2a and 2c

Pathogenic variants in SLC34A1 and SLC34A3 encoding sodium-phosphate transporter 2a and 2c are rare causes of phosphate wasting. Since data on presentation and outcomes are scarce, we collected clinical, biochemical and genetic data via an online questionnaire and the support of European professional organizations. One hundred thirteen patients (86% children) from 90 families and 17 countries with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in SLC34A1 or SLC34A3 and a median follow-up of three years were analyzed. Biallelic SLC34A1 variant carriers showed polyuria, failure to thrive, vomiting, constipation, hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis in infancy, while biallelic SLC34A3 carriers presented in childhood or even adulthood with rickets/osteomalacia and/or osteopenia/osteoporosis, hypophosphatemia and, less frequently, nephrocalcinosis, while the prevalences of kidney stones were comparable. Adult biallelic SLC34A3 carriers had a six-fold increase chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence compared to the general population. All biallelic variant carriers shared a common biochemical pattern including elevated 1,25(OH)2D and alkaline phosphatase levels, suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH), and hypercalciuria. Heterozygous carriers showed similar but less pronounced phenotypes. In biallelic SLC34A1 carriers, an attenuation of clinical features was observed after infancy, independent of treatment. Phosphate treatment was given in 55% of patients, median duration two years, and resulted in significant reduction, although not normalization, of alkaline phosphatase and of hypercalciuria but an increase in PTH levels, while 1,25(OH)2D levels remained elevated. Thus, our study indicates that biallelic SLC34A1 and SLC34A3 carriers show distinct, albeit overlapping phenotypes, with the latter having an increased risk of CKD in adulthood. Phosphate treatment may promote kidney phosphate loss and enhance 1,25(OH)2D synthesis via increased PTH production.

The Quality Improvement Review Board: An Innovative Approach to Oversight of Projects That Do Not Meet Criteria of Human Subject Research.

This article describes the development of an institutional quality improvement review board (QIRB) as an effective and efficient method for reviewing and overseeing institutional quality improvement (QI) initiatives. QI projects involve the systematic collection and analysis of data and the implementation of interventions designed to improve the quality of clinical care and/or educational programs for a distinct population in a specific setting. QI projects are fundamentally distinct from human subjects research (HuSR); however, the differences between them are subtle and highly nuanced. Determining whether a project meets the definition of QI or qualifies as HuSR, thus requiring institutional review board (IRB) review, can be confusing and frustrating. Nevertheless, this distinction is highly consequential due to the heavy regulatory requirements involved in HuSR and IRB oversight. Making the correct determination of a project's regulatory status is essential before the project begins. Project leaders may not realize that their work meets the definition of HuSR and, therefore, might conduct the project without appropriate IRB review. Therefore, best practices dictate that project leaders should not decide which type of institutional review is appropriate for their projects. In addition, when QI project teams attempt to disseminate the results of their work, documentation of formal review and approval is generally required by peer-reviewed journals and professional organizations. However, institutional review mechanisms are rarely available. Projects that do not meet the definition of HuSR fall outside the purview of IRBs and most institutions do not have an alternative review body. This creates frustration for both project leaders and IRB administrators. Apart from IRB review, a separate process for reviewing QI projects offers several benefits. These include (1) relieving the burden on busy IRB staff; (2) promoting scholarly activity; (3) protecting the institution, project leaders, and participants from HuSR conducted outside of appropriate IRB review; and (4) promoting rigorous QI methods.

Moderating Effect of IFRS Compliance on the Relationship between Ownership Structure and Financial Reporting Quality

This study investigates the moderating effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the relationship between corporate governance, specifically ownership structure, and financial reporting quality in listed non-finance firms in Nigeria. Utilizing an ex-post facto research design, the study drew its data from 67 non-finance firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group over a ten-year period (2012-2021). The study employs purposive sampling and hierarchical regression analysis to explore the complex connection between IFRS adoption and ownership structures, revealing that IFRS plays a significant role in enhancing the quality of financial reporting. The findings indicate that while ownership concentration may weaken financial reporting quality in the absence of IFRS, the adoption of IFRS significantly moderates this effect, leading to improved transparency and reduced earnings manipulation. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from a less developed market context, emphasizing the critical interaction between global accounting standards and corporate governance mechanisms. The study concludes that robust enforcement of IFRS compliance, combined with targeted capacity building for financial professionals, is essential to ensure high-quality financial reporting in Nigeria. Key implications include the need for enhanced regulatory oversight and collaboration between regulatory bodies and professional accounting organizations to foster consistent adherence to IFRS, thereby improving the reliability of financial statements and boosting investor confidence.

“The Throttling of the Free Press in Cuba”: Exploring Transnational Journalism and Sigma Delta Chi’s Advocacy for Press Freedom in Cuba, 1959–1962

ABSTRACT Members of Sigma Delta Chi (SDX), the largest journalism professional organization based in the United States, engaged in advocacy for transnational freedom of information and press freedom in Cuba between 1959 and 1962, between the Cuban Revolution and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Analysis of archival sources—including SDX member records, correspondence, and declassified government reports—and content in the official SDX magazine, reveals three themes: justifying a Latin America section with a primary focus on Cuba, the throttling of the free flow of information in and from Cuba, and documenting transnational flows of propaganda from Cuba and news from United States-based Cuban exiles to Cuba. Communist threats to reporters and democratic news organizations increased, and news management from the Cuban government and US government influenced information flows during this period. These findings add to the histories on free press advocacy abroad, cross-border journalism, and international press-politics in the context of US and Cuba relations.

Proposed Nutrition Competencies for Medical Students and Physician Trainees: A Consensus Statement.

In 2022, the US House of Representatives passed a bipartisan resolution (House of Representatives Resolution 1118 at the 117th Congress [2021-2022]) calling for meaningful nutrition education for medical trainees. This was prompted by increasing health care spending attributed to the growing prevalence of nutrition-related diseases and the substantial federal funding via Medicare that supports graduate medical education. In March 2023, medical education professional organizations agreed to identify nutrition competencies for medical education. To recommend nutrition competencies for inclusion in medical education to improve patient and population health. The research team conducted a rapid literature review to identify existing nutrition-related competencies published between July 2013 and July 2023. Additional competencies were identified from learning objectives in selected nutrition, culinary medicine, and teaching kitchen curricula; dietetic core competencies; and research team-generated de novo competencies. An expert panel of 22 nutrition subject matter experts and 15 residency program directors participated in a modified Delphi process and completed 4 rounds of voting to reach consensus on recommended nutrition competencies, the level of medical education at which they should be included, and recommendations for monitoring implementation and evaluation of these competencies. A total of 15 articles met inclusion criteria for competency extraction and yielded 187 competencies. Through review of gray literature and other sources, researchers identified 167 additional competencies for a total of 354 competencies. These competencies were compiled and refined prior to voting. After 4 rounds of voting, 36 competencies were identified for recommendation: 30 at both undergraduate and graduate levels, 2 at the undergraduate level only, and 4 at the graduate level only. Competencies fell into the following nutrition-related themes: foundational nutrition knowledge, assessment and diagnosis, communication skills, public health, collaborative support and treatment for specific conditions, and indications for referral. A total of 36 panelists (97%) recommended nutrition competencies be assessed as part of licensing and board certification examinations. These competencies represent a US-based effort to use a modified Delphi process to establish consensus on nutrition competencies for medical students and physician trainees. These competencies will require an iterative process of institutional prioritization, refinement, and inclusion in current and future educational curricula as well as licensure and certification examinations.

GREEN DENTISTRY: A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR ORAL HEALTH CARE

The dental public health profession, like many others, is becoming increasingly aware of its environmental impact and the urgent need to adopt more sustainable practices. Green dentistry, also known as eco-friendly dentistry, is a growing movement that focuses on reducing waste, conserving energy, and minimizing pollution while maintaining high standards of patient care. By integrating environmentally conscious choices into daily practices—such as using digital technologies, reducing water consumption, and choosing biodegradable or recyclable materials—dentists can significantly contribute to environmental preservation without compromising the quality of their services. One of the core tenets of green dentistry is the shift towards digital dentistry. Traditional methods of record-keeping and patient management involve a considerable amount of paper and plastic waste. By adopting digital x-rays, patient records, and appointment scheduling systems, dental practices can dramatically reduce their paper use, lower radiation exposure, and decrease the need for disposable materials. Additionally, using energy-efficient equipment and eco-friendly sterilization techniques can help reduce the carbon footprint of dental offices, aligning with global sustainability goals. As the dental community moves towards greener practices, there is an opportunity for education and advocacy in dental public health. Dental schools and professional organizations play a crucial role in promoting awareness of sustainable practices among both practitioners and patients. By fostering a culture of environmental responsibility within the field, we not only contribute to a healthier planet but also inspire the next generation of dentists to prioritize sustainability in their professional lives. Green dentistry represents a vital step towards a more sustainable future for both the profession and the world at large.

Implications of genetic attributions for addiction among addiction professionals

Given increasing emphasis on understanding the role of genes in the etiology of addictive disorders, the present study aimed to investigate the implications of genetic explanations of addiction for attitudes and beliefs about patients among addiction treatment providers. Participants were recruited from addiction-related professional organizations. The sample included professionals with medical backgrounds (n = 153) and with nonmedical backgrounds (n = 232). They viewed a description of a fictitious patient with either alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder, which was experimentally varied to indicate the presence or absence of a genetic cause. They completed measures of their genetic attributions for the patient's symptoms as well as their attitudes and beliefs about the patient. The presence of a genetic explanation increased genetic attribution ratings but did not significantly affect other measured variables. However, participants' genetic attributions for the patient's symptoms were associated with significantly lower ascriptions of blame to the patient and greater belief in the effectiveness of medication, but also with reduced confidence in the effectiveness of psychotherapy and with pessimism about the patient's prognosis. Geneticized, biomedical conceptualizations of addiction may have implications for treatment providers' attitudes toward patients.

Virtual Education is the Need of the Hour for the Global Gastroenterology Community: A Survey of Leaders of Professional Gastroenterology Organizations.

Since the onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a significant opportunity to leverage virtual platforms for communication and dissemination of knowledge. An online survey was conducted to examine the viewpoints of World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) leaders concerning the necessity, primary priority areas, and implementation strategies for a virtual global gastroenterology educational program. We conducted a survey of leaders of WGO member societies to assess their opinions on creating opportunities for global education using virtual platforms, identifying practical implementation steps and priority educational areas. Responses were obtained from 57/117 (48.7%) contacted leaders with 56/57 (98.2%) identifying such a need. Five mutually exclusive priority educational topics were proposed in the survey: clinical gastroenterology, endoscopy, nutritional support, research methodology, and professional development. Overall, most participants prioritized clinical gastroenterology (45/57; 78.9%) and endoscopy/hand skills (27/57; 47.3%) as educational topics to be addressed by the virtual global gastroenterology educational program. A majority of WGO member society leaders surveyed favored monthly teaching activities (33/57; 57.8%), ideally carried out between 1500-2100 local time (31/57; 54.3%), ideally with no administrative fees (47/57; 82.4%). This truly global survey of WGO member societies achieved a good response rate and provides important insights into the need for and scope of future virtual education programs under the aegis of the WGO.

Social work education and burnout prevention: a systematic review of published research

ABSTRACT Social workers face unique occupational stressors that contribute to disproportionately high rates of burnout. This situation worsened over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, causing social work educators and professional organizations to emphasize the importance of self-care for social workers. What this means for social work education is the focus of this study. Our purpose was to understand the scope and effectiveness of burnout prevention efforts in social work undergraduate and graduate programs. A systematic search of the literature yielded 25 articles that met inclusion criteria. Each article was evaluated and information was extracted using a structured abstracting form. Results indicate that educational practices for burnout prevention are being delivered as independent workshops, integrated into existing social work courses, and offered as electives. Content includes mindfulness training, burnout and self-care awareness, and resilience skills development. Outcomes include increased burnout recognition, self-care implementation, skills development, and improved mental health. Disproportionately high burnout rates for social workers could potentially be addressed through implementing a comprehensive approach to teaching burnout prevention throughout the established social work training curriculum and teaching resilience skills at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels of practice.

A culture of digital planning? An international comparison of culture, planning and technology

ABSTRACT Urban planning has become an increasingly digital practice in the last three decades and was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussions around the digitization of planning processes have focused on the platforms planners use, and the barriers to their use. Such literature does not adequately explain the variability in the use of planning-specific technologies among planning authorities with the same resources and time. We explore the degree to which workplace and professional culture influence the use of digital technologies in planning practice in Australia, Great Britain, and the United States of America. To study cultural attitudes, a mixture of interview data from 29 planners and document analysis from professional organizations were used. The study found cultural factors play a role in determining the diffusion of technology in planning practice. Our analysis demonstrates points of convergence and divergence across all three geographies of practice, with stark differences in the way that technology is discussed and espoused, as well as a broader lack of clear principles to guide the profession through digital transitions across scales.

ACTION-ARC Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Ventricular Assist Device Adverse Event Definitions-2023.

Adverse events (AEs) experienced by children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) on ventricular assist devices (VADs) are sometimes unique to these populations. The Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) and the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) aimed to harmonize definitions of pediatric and CHD AEs for use in clinical trials, registries, and regulatory evaluation. Data from the ACTION registry and adjudication committee were used to adapt general mechanical circulatory support ARC definitions. This ACTION-ARC international expert panel of trialists, clinicians, patients, families, statisticians, biomedical engineers, device developers, and regulatory agencies drafted and iterated definitions harmonized to ACTION data and existing literature during sessions conducted between December 2022 and May 2023, followed by dissemination across clinical/research audiences and professional organizations and further revision. Both email-linked, internet-based surveys and in-person discussions were used as a modified Delphi process. Nineteen AE types were identified and defined, including seven new event types and six event types that were deleted and will no longer be collected, achieving consensus. ACTION-ARC paired rigorous development with methodical stakeholder involvement and dissemination to define pediatric VAD AEs to facilitate assimilation of data across future clinical trials and evaluation of devices for VAD-supported children and adults with CHD.

Building health systems resilience: understanding the social, economic, and cultural impacts of climate change from stakeholders' perspectives in Indonesia

sObjectivesThis study explores stakeholders' perspectives on the direct, social, economic, and cultural impacts of climate change on health in Indonesia and identifies possible strategies to enhance health system resilience.MethodsThis study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines to ensure comprehensive and transparent reporting. Purposive sampling was used to select 22 stakeholders with relevant expertise, including government officials, representatives from international and professional health organizations, health workers, and community representatives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Data saturation was reached when no new themes emerged.ResultsThe findings reveal significant challenges to Indonesia's health system due to climate change. Community awareness varies widely, with higher levels in disaster-prone areas. Socially, climate change has fostered community cooperation through collective adaptation efforts but has also led to tensions due to inequitable resource distribution. Economically, rising healthcare costs and financial instability, particularly in rural and disaster-prone regions, place a strain on the system. Culturally, there is a growing emphasis on environmental conservation, promoting eco-friendly practices and the integration of traditional and modern health approaches.ConclusionBuilding health system resilience in Indonesia requires addressing the social, economic, and cultural impacts of climate change. Possible strategies include enhancing public health education, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, improving inter-agency coordination, and leveraging technology to support effective responses to climate-related health threats, ultimately promoting national health, social stability, and economic growth.

Return to Play Outcomes in Elite Athletes after Cervical and Lumbar Motion Preservation Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Systematic Review. The primary purpose of this article was to survey the present literature and report on return to play outcomes in elite athletes after undergoing motion preservation spinal surgery. For elite performance, athletes require adequate mobility and throughout the trunk, torso, and spine to achieve maximal force production. Therefore, elite athletes that have failed conservative treatment may seek to undergo motion preserving surgical options such as total disc arthroplasty and lumbar microdiscectomy. Individual studies have reported on return to play (RTP) outcomes following individual motion preservation surgical procedures, no systematic reviews have formally to reported on RTP outcomes, post-operative performance, and reoperation rates on these procedures in elite athletes. A systematic review was conducted from inception until February 2024 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. One reviewer queried PubMed for relevant studies that reported on RTP outcomes in elite athletes following motion preservation spinal surgery (MPSS) based on title and abstract (n=1,404). After the original search query, an additional reviewer screened full length articles. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Special consideration was given to RTP rates, post-operative performance, and reoperation rates. A total of 612 elite athletes from the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Football League, National Hockey League, and other professional sporting organizations underwent cervical and lumbar MPSS to treat various spinal pathologies. Various motion sparing techniques were used to treat various pathologies. After undergoing MPSS, RTP rates ranged from 75-100% for lumbar cases and 83.3-100% for cervical cases. Most athletes successfully returned to sport between. Post-operative performance varied with some athletes performing at the same level prior to surgery and some performing at a decreased level. Motion preservation spinal surgery is a feasible option when properly indicated. Future studies are needed to compare return to sport rates, post-operative performance, and re-operation rates between motion preservation spinal surgery to spinal arthrodesis.

Trailblazer in Health Education: The Legacy of Thomas Denison Wood.

Thomas Denison Wood, often regarded as the "Father of Health Education," was a pioneering figure in the early 20th century whose work laid the foundation for modern health education. His contributions were instrumental in integrating health education into the public school curriculum in the United States. Wood advocated for a holistic approach to health, encompassing physical fitness, hygiene, nutrition, mental health, and preventive care. His key achievements include the development of comprehensive health education programs, leadership in professional organizations, and the establishment of the New York City School Health Program. Wood authored several influential books, such as "Health by Stunts" (1901) and "A Textbook of Hygiene" (1915), which provided practical guidance on maintaining health and were widely used in educational settings. His work emphasized the importance of lifelong health education, beginning in childhood and continuing throughout life. Through his writings, teaching, and advocacy, Wood significantly shaped the field of health education, and his legacy continues to influence health education practices today.

“We are on the outside but it’s okay”: A grounded theory of cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators in professional youth soccer academies

ObjectiveParents need to cooperate with professional organizations to support their children’s development and health. In sports, knowledge on how parents, coaches, and organizations can successfully coordinate their behavior and work together for a common cause is lacking. This study was designed to identify a grounded theory of cooperation as a social process between parents and organizational stakeholders in youth soccer academies. Design and methodIntensive interviews were conducted with parents (n = 9), coaches (n = 11), and administrators (n = 14) across 14 youth soccer academies in Germany. Data were analyzed using initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical integration following constructivist grounded theory methodology. Results and conclusionThe grounded theory produced comprises several processes aimed at building, maintaining, and reinforcing effective cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators. Acknowledging parents as part of the academy, providing a thorough onboarding, and defining parental roles are essential for cooperation to evolve. Cooperation was viewed as a responsive, dynamic, and iterative process impacted by person and context factors. Findings are interpreted through a systems lens highlighting nuanced dependencies between cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns. The grounded theory provides implications for future research targeting the intersection of persons and contexts in youth sport. For practitioners, we propose an evidence-based program on developing cooperation.

Quality and reliability analysis of migraine Botox treatment information on YouTube.

YouTube (YT) is one of the world's most well recognized video-sharing platforms that appeals to large audiences and is used by individuals to educate themselves on disease diagnosis and treatment alternatives and to distribute health-related information. Videos were searched by typing the terms "migraine botox" and "botox treatment for migraine" on the YT search bar in English. A total of 50 videos were evaluated for each term. Two independent researchers viewed the videos and documented pertinent descriptive attributes of each video, such as the upload date, number of comments, number of dislikes, number of likes, and views. The videos were analyzed and the DISCERN Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) quality, and reliability scores were recorded. A total of 100 videos were assessed. The mean DISCERN score was 3.09, the mean JAMA score was 2.11, and the mean GQS score was 3.25. According to the source, 32% of the videos were uploaded by university/nonprofit physicians or professional organizations. In addition, when the DISCERN, GQS, and JAMA scores of the videos uploaded by health professionals were examined, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = .002, P = .015, and P = .002, respectively). However, no statistically significant relationship was found for the Video Popularity Index score. The reliability and quality scores of the evaluated videos uploaded by healthcare professionals for migraine Botox treatment were high, but the frequency of viewership was low. In our analysis of migraine Botox treatment videos on YT, we observed that the information on migraine Botox treatment had a wide spectrum, high-quality content, and that there were videos that may mislead viewers. In conclusion, we believe that the platform is not sufficient in its entirety, and that it should be supported with renewed, fact-checked, easy-to-understand language, and video-duration optimized videos.