Professional Interests Research Articles

Power to the People

In the fall of 2022, two professors from two different academic disciplines launched an interdisciplinary undergraduate course named Power to the People: Social Movements in United States History (Power to the People henceforth) at a small private religiously affiliated liberal arts college in the southern United States. The goal of the course was to provide students with a comprehensive background of historical social movements and the strategies and tactics used by the people to make change. In an era and climate where critical race theory, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, Two Spirit (LGBTQIA2S+) identities, citizenship status, and other social identities and issues have become political flashpoints, the faculty developers knew this course could incite controversy, yet they also believed it could welcome critical dialogue needed by students preparing to enter careers a society plagued by binaries and divisiveness. Furthermore, the students in these two disciplines expressed interest in this subject matter as it related to their professional pursuits. This article explores a rationale for this course, the experience of teaching an interdisciplinary, team-taught course, the design of the course, pedagogical strategies employed, and it concludes with reflections on challenges and successes from the first year of teaching this course. This article seeks to provide educators with information and ideas for how to broach difficult topics in the college classroom with a collaborative, interdisciplinary course.

Lifelong Learning and Media Relationship According to the Opinions of Pre-service Teachers

Lifelong learning has an essential place in every aspect of our lives. Lifelong learning refers to individualized learning based on individuals' personal and professional interests at times of need. This research aims to reveal the relationship between lifelong learning and media based on the opinions of pre-service teachers. The research data was obtained from Turkish, Social Studies, Preschool, and Classroom Teaching students (N:246) attending Uşak University Faculty of Education. To reveal the relationships of the pre-services teachers in the study group with lifelong learning and the media, the data were collected with the "Lifelong Learning (LLL) and Media" form, which the researcher prepared, and expert opinion was taken. The data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the analysis, 13 themes were obtained because of the opinions of the pre-services teachers. As a result, pre-service teachers expressed the relationship between lifelong learning and media from different perspectives and revealed a clear pattern between media and lifelong learning. Pre-service teachers stated that "contribution to lifelong learning by using media as a teaching tool" (f:38) and "contribution to lifelong learning by increasing accessibility to accurate information" (f:34) were made. They also put forward opinions covering these themes, stating that "the media as a whole contributes to lifelong learning" (f:33) and "the media contributes to lifelong learning due to its contribution to vocational education" (f:32). The idea that media can make a significant contribution to the lifelong learning process emerges clearly in the research.

A qualitative study of the experiences of insulin use by older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

There is a rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among older people. This population also suffers from co-morbidity and a greater number of diabetes related complications, such as visual and cognitive impairment, which can potentially affect their ability to manage insulin regimens. Understanding the experiences of older people when they transition to insulin will help the development of healthcare interventions to enhance their diabetes outcomes, overall health and quality of life. The aims of this exploratory study were to (1) understand the experiences of older people with type 2 diabetes in relation to insulin treatment initiation and management and (2) use this understanding to consider how the insulin management support provided to older people by healthcare providers could be more tailored to their needs. A qualitative study using semi structured (remote) interviews with older people with diabetes (n = 10) and caregivers (n = 4) from the UK. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and framework analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main themes, along with six subthemes, were generated from the study data. Participants generally felt at ease with insulin administration following training, yet some reported feelings of failure at transitioning to insulin use. Participants were also frustrated at what they perceived were insufficient resources for effective self-management, coupled with a lack of professional interest in optimising their health as older people. Some also expressed dissatisfaction regarding the brevity of their consultations, inconsistent information from different healthcare professionals and poor treatment coordination between primary and secondary care. Overall, the study emphasised that older people need better support, education and resources to help manage their insulin use. Healthcare professionals should be encouraged to adopt a more individualised approach to supporting older people that acknowledges their prior knowledge, physical and psychological capabilities and motivation for diabetes self-management. In addition, better communication between different services and greater access to specialist support is clearly needed for this older population. An integrated care pathway for insulin use in older people could be considered. This would include an assessment of the older person's needs and capacity on their initiation to insulin; targeted education and training in self-management; timely access to appropriate emotional and peer support resources; care plans developed collaboratively with patients; and individualised glucose targets that recognise the needs and preferences of the older person.

Beyond the ARCH: Examining mandibular third molar movements in response to premolar and single incisor extractions in orthodontic practice

Mandibular third molars have been the interest of the orthodontic professionals, not only because of their Position Eruptive pattern, also because of their possible role in the development of late incisor crowding. The impaction rate of the third molars (mandible > maxilla) is high compared to any other teeth. The impaction incidence of M3s may be lower in patients with orthodontic premolar extraction due to mesial movement of the posterior teeth. In this study angular and positional changes of mandibular 3 molars will be evaluated with premolars as well as single incisor extraction.: This study includes 30 Pre-treatment and post-treatment orthopantomogram (OPG) of patients seeking orthodontic treatment with extractions of premolars, single incisor are categorized into 2 groups -Group I includes premolar extractions, Group II includes single incisor extractions.The study concluded that extracting premolars or single incisors did not result in improved mandibular M3 angulation on both left and right sides during the observation period.The insignificant change in angulation suggests that there are other factors that play a role in the process of alteration of third molar angulation

The moderating role of psychological power distance on the relationship between destructive leadership and emotional exhaustion

Destructive leadership, a prevalent negative behavior in modern organizations, continues to captivate the interest of scholars and professionals due to its detrimental aftermath. Drawing from social psychological (culture) and conservation of resources theory, we explore the moderating impact of psychological power distance on the link between destructive leadership and emotional exhaustion. The main contribution of this study is that it has created new information about the moderating role of some specific sub-dimensions of psychological power distance (e.g., hierarchy, prestige) in the relationship between destructive leadership and emotional exhaustion. Our findings also reveal a positive correlation between a destructive leadership style and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the prestige aspect of psychological power distance amplifies the influence of deficient leadership abilities and unethical conduct on emotional exhaustion. Notably, our study highlights that in the Turkish context, characterized by high power distance, and escalating hierarchies the impact of nepotism disparities on emotional exhaustion. In conclusion, these novel insights underscore a significant research avenue regarding cultural facets.

Exploring a Masters of Business Administration's Impact on Surgical Subspecialists.

As healthcare evolves, more physicians are taking on administrative roles and pursuing additional graduate education, particularly obtaining a Master's in Business Administration (MBA.) To facilitate a better understanding of these practitioners, we conducted a comparative study of MD/MBA clinicians in multiple surgical fields. This study aims to compare clinicians with MD/MBAs across multiple surgical subspecialties. Reported metrics include demographics, MBA program structure, salary changes, and professional pursuits. Nine studies were obtained from the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The majority of MD/MBA degree holders in plastic surgery (95%), orthopedic surgery (89-96%), and ophthalmology (80%) are male. Ophthalmology (37%) demonstrates the highest number of subjects obtaining an MBA via a synchronous MD/MBA. Most clinicians return to clinical practice after degree completion and show high levels of non-clinical pursuits after receiving their MBAs. Though there appear to be differences across surgical subspecialties regarding how an MBA is applied, most maintain clinical duties. Of those that do not, the largest portion transition to administrative duties, consulting, entrepreneurial endeavors, or other professional opportunities. Despite the financial ambiguity of an MBA, physicians value the transformative experience it offers.

Leading with understanding: cultivating positive relationships between neurotypical leaders and neurodivergent employees

PurposeNeurodivergent employees have atypical needs that require distinctive leadership approaches. In this study, the specific nature of a relationship between neurodivergent employees and their neurotypical leaders is explored through the lens of the leader–member exchange (LMX) theory.Design/methodology/approachThis two-phased qualitative study builds on 12 semi-structured interviews with neurodivergent employees and an unstructured focus group with 15 individuals with professional and/or personal interest in neurodiversity. The researcher spent almost 13 h listening to the lived experiences of research participants concerning neurodiversity and leadership.FindingsLeaders who exhibit empathy and understanding were noted to provide greater support. The findings also highlight the complexity of neuro-inclusion in the workplace. Specifically, the delicate balance between accommodation and avoiding stigmatization is emphasized, addressing the concerns raised regarding the legal risks associated with neurodivergent inclusion. Additionally, the findings underscore the necessity for leaders to avoid patronizing behaviors while catering to the diverse needs of neurodivergent employees. This underscores the importance of supporting both neurodivergent employees and leaders navigating such challenges.Practical implicationsThe findings help establish inclusive and accommodating employee relations practices that conscientiously address the requirements of neurodivergent employees while providing support for those in leadership roles.Originality/valueThis study constitutes a direct answer to recent calls to develop a more nuanced understanding of workplace neurodiversity, with a specific focus on neuro-inclusive leadership. Acknowledging that we still use inappropriate, old tools in new situations that require novel approaches to leadership helps set the agenda for future research in this area.

A DEBRECENI SZÍVSEBÉSZET TÖRTÉNETE

The establishment of cardiac surgery in Debrecen is closely interlinked with thoracic surgery. This activity started and continued for many decades at the Auguszta Sanatorium, later the University of Debrecen's Department of Surgery II, which housed thoracic surgery at the time. In the Auguszta Sanatorium, which was nationalised after World War II, a thoracic surgery department was established in 1948, under the direction of Dr. József Schnitzler, whose professional interests in the 1960s turned towards cardiac surgery. He found a suitable partner for his groundbreaking goal in the pioneering work of Hungarian cardiac surgery, Dr. Árpád Eisert, a leading surgeon of the Jósa András County Hospital in Nyíregyháza. As a result of their exemplary professional cooperation, the first closed heart surgery was performed in Debrecen in 1963. The heart-lung machine required for cardiopulmonary bypass necessary to start open heart operations was provided by a donation from Béla Köteles, the son of Hungarian emigrants born in America, who founded his own instrument manufacturing company there. The first open heart surgery was performed by visiting professor Gábor Kovács from Szeged with Professor Schnitzler in 1968. In 1972, András Gömöry was entrusted with the management of cardiac surgery, and he succeeded in creating a team of highly qualified doctors and specialists even under the prevailing difficult circumstances. This, provided a solid basis for further development within the field. In 1983, after the retirement of Professor Schnitzler, Árpád Péterffy, Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, was appointed as Head of the Department of Surgery II. Due to the knowledge, professional and work organisation experience he had gained abroad, cardiac surgery in Debrecen developed with great strides. The number of operations increased significantly, while the mortality rate was reduced by a third. He managed to acquire a new building for cardiac surgery in 1993, which created the opportunity for further development. The new building significantly improved the quantity and quality of cardiac surgery and made Debrecen an internationally recognised flagship of Hungarian cardiac surgery. Due to his work in international exchanges his students were able to improve their knowledge in Western European countries and elsewhere overseas. After his retirement in 2008, he continued to work as Professor Emeritus in our clinic, remaining fully committed to supporting our work, the development of cardiac surgery in Debrecen, and the preservation and enhancement of its reputation. As his professional successor, Associate Professor Tamás Szerafin was entrusted with the leadership of the cardiac surgery department. Together with his colleagues, their aim has been to preserve and further develop the patient-centred spirit and professional dedication of their predecessors, and to preserve the built heritage.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НЕОБХІДНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ПСИХОЛОГІЯ» В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article examines the use of educational approaches, digital technologies, software products and sources of information support for the study of the educational discipline “Psychology” in modern conditions. The purpose of the article is to review the resources for ensuring the study of the educational discipline “Psychology” and to systematize approaches that contribute to the organization of the development of individual educational trajectory of higher education students. Methodology of the article. The use of distance learning tools that ensure the development of communicative, analytical, leadership and other competencies of higher education seekers is considered. Approaches that contribute to the formation of the individual educational trajectory of a higher education students are disclosed. It has been established that practical, individual creative tasks, methodical and didactic materials, as well as where they are placed and how current and final knowledge and skills testing is organized, influence the effectiveness of the educational process in remote mode. Ways to liquidate current debt (crediting the results of non-formal education, participating in extracurricular activities, etc.) are demonstrated. Achieving program learning outcomes during the study of the academic discipline “Psychology” is presented through the introduction of interactive methods and technologies, cases, videos, presentations, including the organization of independent work. The results. Resources presented affect the formation of the individual educational trajectory of higher education seekers through: providing them with opportunities to choose the topic of qualification and coursepaper according to individual interests; implementation of academic mobility; organization of independent work using modern educational approaches, digital technologies, software products and sources of information support; completion of pre-diploma practice in accordance with individual professional interests and requests of stakeholders; participation in scientific and practical conferences, round tables, forums, open lectures, webinars. It has been proven that the placement of methodical and didactic materials in Google Classroom or Google Drive with shared access, the organization of discussions in practical classes, which affects the development of analytical, communicative, and diagnostic competencies, is effective in the process of studying psychology. The practical significance of the obtained results is that it allows to use the necessary resources for the formation of the individual learning trajectory of higher education students during the study of the educational discipline “Psychology”, taking into account the problems caused by the martial law. Key words: distance learning tools, program learning outcomes, liquidation of current debt, knowledge and skill testing, independent work, stakeholders.

Risk attitudes of tax practitioners and firm influence

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to garner a deeper understanding of the site of influence of aspects of risk management for tax practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThe research design is twofold. Phase one consisted of a wide-scale international survey with 1,061 tax experts across 59 jurisdictions. In phase two, the authors followed up with 68 semi-structured interviews with tax practitioners working in 11 different countries.FindingsThe findings recognise the importance of the firm as a significant “site of influence” for tax practitioners in shaping their risk appetite in their tax work. The firm eclipses other influences of risk such as professional body oversight, public interest and demographic markers such as gender and career stage. The authors show that firm is significant, irrespective of size of firm.Practical implicationsThis work has practical implications as the findings highlight the importance of oversight of professional service firms by both the professional accountancy bodies and revenue authorities. The findings may have impact on the ethical training and guidance for trainee accountants in terms of an increased awareness on the employing firm as a site of influence for tax practitioners.Originality/valueThis research is important as it adds to the significant body of work on firm socialisation and highlights the important role that the firm holds in moderating (or exacerbating) the risk appetite of tax practitioners, which has significant implications in terms of pushing the boundaries of tax aggressive behaviours. The work aims to recognise the important role that tax practitioners can have in moderating aggressive tax practice, and, thus, reducing tax inequalities and shaping a better world of “Reduced Inequalities” (SDG10).

Modern Information Technologies in the Professional Education of Future Primary School Teachers

The article examines the problem of using information technologies in the educational and professional training of future primary school teachers. The authors found that the integration of digital resources into the educational process can effectively solve didactic tasks. It provides opportunities for virtual travel and improves the accessibility and efficiency of education. The application of information technologies contributes to enhancing the educational process. They prepare future teachers to function within the information society and promote the development of critical thinking and creativity among students. The new approach puts the teacher at the center of the educational process. This approach takes into account the professional competencies and personal interests of educators to promote the improvement of methodological, organizational, and technological support for personalized learning. The paper investigated the possibilities of using information technologies in the educational process to train future primary school teachers. The methodology included a systematic approach and general theoretical scientific methods. They include analysis, synthesis, and systematization of the research material on the role of digital technologies in the training of future primary school teachers. The research methodology employed two indicators to assess the psychological and emotional qualities of students, namely: assessment of communication skills; analysis of cultural and value orientations. The research results showed a high level of discomfort related to the current educational system. Nearly half of the respondents experience psychological and emotional stress due to the existing teaching format. In addition, as a result of the program implementation, it was found that the configuration model of student-centered learning applied to distance learning had a significant impact on students. The statistical analysis of the chi-square indices of overall conformity (χ2 = 0.36....1) indicates a high conformity of the data set.

Towards Technical Fluency: Assessing the English Language Needs of Mechanical Engineering Students in a University ESP Context

This study investigates the English language needs of Mechanical Engineering students in a university ESP class. Through a questionnaire distributed to 21 students, the findings reveal that 81% recognize the crucial role of English proficiency in their academic and professional pursuits. Specific language skills such as vocabulary and grammar practice are considered important, emphasizing the overall significance of language proficiency. The research underscores the importance of reading tasks, with technical documents, textbooks, and instructions deemed essential. However, a lack of emphasis on oral communication skills is evident, as tasks related to speaking are generally considered non-essential by the majority of students. While specific listening skills in certain contexts are valued, the study also points to a need for curriculum development in oral communication. Writing tasks, particularly SOPs and technical reports, are highly valued, but other forms of writing receive less emphasis. The study provides valuable insights into the linguistic needs of Mechanical Engineering students, offering guidance for curriculum development and instructional strategies to enhance their language skills for academic and professional success.

课程思政视域下专业教育与创新创业教育的融合路径与策略研究

The effective integration of professional education and innovation and entrepreneurship education has become key to enhancing educational quality and meeting societal demands. This paper takes the “Basic Information Technology Application Course” as an example, discussing the paths and strategies for integrating professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education under the course ideology and politics perspective. It summarizes the existing problems between professional education and innovation and entrepreneurship education, and proposes specific integration paths: reconstructing course objectives by integrating ideological elements with professional skills; optimizing course content by incorporating knowledge related to innovation and entrepreneurship; and improving assessment mechanisms to focus on a comprehensive evaluation of students’ abilities and accomplishments. The paper also explores specific teaching strategies, such as gamification, simulation, project-based, seminar-style, and case study teaching, aiming to cultivate students’ professional interest, work ethics, moral values, teamwork, and problem-solving skills. This contributes to deepening the integration of professional knowledge with innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities, providing a direction for modernizing education and promoting comprehensive student development.

Adaptation of the Coparenting Relationship Scale Questionnaire to Spanish Parents with Offspring.

The scientific literature supports that practicing positive coparenting leads to the healthy development of children. Consequently, professional interest in parenting and coparenting has experienced significant growth, and evaluating coparenting is crucial in family psychology for establishing action protocols in clinical practice. An instrument highly regarded within the scientific community for evaluating coparenting dynamics is The Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS). This research aims to achieve two objectives: first, to adapt the CRS for the Spanish population of both engaged and separated/divorced parents and to ascertain its reliability, validity, and factorial invariance psychometric properties; second, to assess the effectiveness of the total coparenting measure in categorizing sample participants. A cross-sectional non-experimental investigation was conducted to address these objectives. The first objective was answered by conducting an instrumental study, and the second by an exploratory study using classification techniques and a causal-comparative study using multivariate inferential methods. It was concluded that the model comprising 20 items across two factors, Positive Coparenting and Negative Perception of Coparenting, is the simplest and best fit for the Spanish parent sample; it is invariant regarding gender and marital status, and the measures derived from each factor demonstrate reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. The resulting questionnaire for Spanish parents is named CRS-SEg-S&D. The Coparental Vitality measure calculated using the total weighted measure of CRS-SEg-S&D allows the sample of participants to be divided into three differentiated clusters called Coparental Robustness, Moderate Coparenting, and Coparenting Rickets.

Veterinary anesthesia: an opportunity to reduce the environmental footprint of clinical care.

Volatile anesthetic agents are potent greenhouse gases with warming potential hundreds to thousands of times greater than CO2. As health systems, both human and veterinary, seek to reduce their environmental impacts, responsible anesthetic stewardship is a topic of great interest. Through an online survey, we explored the levels of awareness, beliefs, interest, needs, and current actions of veterinary anesthesia professionals around the climate impacts of anesthetic care. We found that even within a respondent group with specialized training and experience, there were significant knowledge gaps about anesthesia's environmental impacts. We also found there is much interest in learning more about climate-friendly anesthesia and broader sustainability initiatives for the veterinary profession. Fortunately, there already exist many ways for the profession to reduce our environmental impact while still providing excellent patient care. In this article, we explore 5 broad categories of action: (1) reducing the overall quantity of anesthetic agent used; (2) choosing lower-impact anesthetics; (3) considering the fate of the anesthetic end product; (4) expanding learning through formal education, experience, and research; and (5) reaching beyond anesthesia to implement a range of sustainability initiatives at veterinary workplaces. Together, we have an opportunity to create a healthier future for our world, our patients, and each other.

Academics’ professional identity: Conflicting personal values of academics and institutional culture

Higher education is driven by the objective of establishing an educational setting in which academics and students collaboratively construct and convey scientific knowledge and values that can be utilised in the future. Academics' professional identity focuses on their professional interests, values, and commitments to important work duties. Consequently, academics' professional identity may encounter obstacles when faced with conflicting misalignment between their values and university culture. This paper utilises a qualitative case study with an interpretive paradigm to investigate how academic identity is constructed through the conflicts that arise from the discrepancy between individual values and institutional culture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine academics purposively selected from an English-speaking university in Cameroon to gain insight into the phenomenon. The gathered data were coded and analysed thematically. The findings reveal the existence of conflict between academics' personal values and institutional culture in the study context. It was found that there is a lack of integrity and ethics within the academic environment, particularly regarding financial transactions and the exploitation of educational practices by some leaders, academic staff, and students. Additionally, issues such as insufficient remuneration, delayed payment, and fear of physical and professional reprisal within the university impact academics' professional identity and self-worth. To address these challenges, it is crucial to tackle delayed wages, foster a supportive environment, align academic values with university beliefs, and promote political neutrality in the study context.

Fitting in or standing out? The organisational socialisation of early career physical education specialism graduates through a micropolitical lens

The recent emergence of primary school generalist teachers with physical education (PE) expertise has addressed calls for some form of specialisation in primary PE provision in Ireland ( Marron et al., 2018 ). It was hoped that these teachers could advance the quality of PE taught within schools, through their own teaching and by supporting colleagues ( Ní Chróinín, 2018 ). Despite PE specialism graduates (PESGs) developing teaching orientations and high self-efficacy to teach PE during their professional socialisation, it is unclear how their skills are applied within schools. This study examined the organisational socialisation of PESGs through a micropolitical lens, drawing on the research of Kelchtermans and Ballet (2002a , 2002b ). Adopting a critical realist approach enabled us to explore teachers’ complex teaching realities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 graduates of the four-year Bachelor of Education with a major specialism in PE. Reflexive thematic analysis of interview data identified that PESGs had limited opportunities to apply their PE skills due to the conflicting custodial orientations of their schools. Due to PESGs’ professional interests, they were more likely to assimilate with the existing school culture as early career teachers, even if it overlooked their PE expertise. The outsourcing of PE provision to external coaches, and PESGs’ identity as novice teachers, also undermined their potential contribution as PE experts. Although some PESGs have positively used their knowledge to direct whole-school PE provision, more structured opportunities may be necessary to support the continued development of PESGs as teachers and leaders of PE.

Ina- Manggagawa- Mag-aaral: The Lived Experiences, Challenges, Coping and Aspirations of Working- Student- Mothers

Many individuals are pursuing graduate degrees while working and raising children. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences, challenges, coping, and aspirations of working-student- mothers who fulfill employment, academic, and family obligations. The mother's educational and work efforts provide the necessary information, needed skills, and a desirable attitude for a family's general well-being. The study intends explicitly to 1. explore the experiences and challenges faced by working student mothers. 2. Investigate their coping strategies and aspirations for managing different roles. 3. understand their current living situation. The participants consisted of twelve (12) mothers who had a minimum of two dependents, were enrolled in a master's degree program, and were employed in an organization. Participants were administered a brief demographic questionnaire and engaged in a semi-structured interview. This study utilized interpretative phenomenology analysis. The latest findings emphasize that participants shared their experience of navigating the complexities of managing coursework, jobs, and caregiving responsibilities, which led to feeling overwhelmed. The stress factor was primarily attributed to low income and inadequate childcare expenses. However, they employed effective coping strategies using work-life balance, such as social support and time management. Pursuing a master's degree encompassed the opportunity to enhance their abilities and expand their knowledge and earning potential. The study revealed that they exhibited strong motivation and perseverance, with solid career aspirations driving their academic and professional pursuits, benefiting themselves and their families.

E-MART APPLICATION

E-Mart is an innovative application tailored to meet the shopping needs of college students and faculty members, providing a convenient and efficient platform for purchasing essential items. With a user-friendly. For students, E-Mart offers a wide range of products including textbooks, stationery all available at competitive prices. E-Mart aims to save time and resources for both students and faculty members, allowing them to focus more on their academic and professional pursuits. interface accessible via mobile devices and desktop computers. E-Mart serves as a catalyst for a more efficient and vibrant college experience. Key Words: Android studio, Xml, java, Database- SQL, Firebase

A Role of Pressure Group in Vision india@2047

The presence of numerous pressure groups stands out as a significant driver of democracy in the contemporary political landscape. The term "pressure group" has gained widespread recognition, denoting any organized or unorganized collective employing various pressure tactics. Exploring the role of these groups in influencing governmental decisions is a relatively modern endeavor, with its roots traced back to Arthur F. Bentley's 1908 work "The Process of Government" and later expounded upon by David B. Truman in "The Governmental Process" of 1951. The mid-twentieth century witnessed a surge in scholarly interest regarding the impactful role pressure groups play in shaping government policies, spawning a plethora of studies in this domain. In the context of Indian democracy, pressure groups serve as conduits for translating group interests into governmental policies. Lobbying, mobilizing public opinion, campaigning, providing legislative counsel, endorsing candidates, and publishing viewpoints constitute the familiar arsenal of techniques employed by these groups to wield influence. Despite concerns over their potential to undermine national unity, pressure groups have become indispensable components in democratic governance. In India, pressure groups predominantly fall into two categories: those grounded in ethnic identities and those driven by economic or professional interests. Notably, contemporary trends indicate a constructive role played by pressure groups in formulating sound policies, contributing to India's envisioned trajectory towards becoming a developed nation by 2047.