Professional Inclinations Research Articles

Assessment of Vocational Guidance: The Berufsbilder Test

The object of this study is to assess informative possibilities of some technical indicators of the Test of Photos of Professions (BBT--Berufsbilder test), a projective method to clarify professional inclination, proposed by Martin Achtnich. This psychological evaluation technique is composed of 96 photos of professionals, performing various types of activities. The test subject classifies the photos into three groups: positive (agreeable), negative (disagreeable) and indifferent (neutral). Among those chosen positively, five preferences are chosen and a story is developed that includes them, an activity that is requested two times during the Vocational Guidance process: in the beginning (or middle) and at the end of the intervention. In this study, 160 stories were created by 80 youths, between 15 and 20 years of age, in public and private schools in a mid-sized Brazilian city. The stories were compared in three analytical categories: protagonist, professional conflict and resolution. The results were submitted to Wilcoxon nonparametric statistical analysis (p < .05), significant and relevant indicators of resolution being found in the process of occupational choice. This technical resource was shown, from this empirical evidence, to be promising for use in evaluation of intervention processes of Vocational Guidance.

Referenciais de carreira e identidade profissional em estudantes universitários

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre inclinações profissionais (referenciais de carreira) e atitudes em relação à carreira profissional em estudantes universitários no contexto de um mundo do trabalho em transformação. Os estudantes eram provenientes de vários cursos (N=493), de ambos os sexos, de uma universidade particular da cidade de São Paulo. Os referenciais de carreira foram avaliados por meio de um inventário de inclinações profissionais, que informa sobre inclinação ao empreendedorismo, à autonomia e liberdade, ao altruísmo e à estabilidade e à manutenção do estilo de vida, com precisão e validade fatorial. Utilizou-se também um questionário que informa os motivos para a escolha, satisfação, comprometimento e empreendimento de ações efetivas em relação à carreira profissional. Os resultados indicaram que as inclinações profissionais estão associadas a diferentes atitudes em relação à carreira, permitindo concluir que diferentes tipos de representações sobre o papel da profissão na vida influenciam diretamente no processo de formação da identidade profissional desses estudantes.

Bridge Building, Not Rain Dancing: A Medical Director???s Core Management Responsibilities

The long-term care medical director may provide several services to a nursing facility, including planning, organizing, leading, and managing1,2 (Table 1). Not all physicians, however, have the same time commitment or professional inclinations, so not all of them are involved in each of these activities. We may identify some core functions and tasks, however, that are relevant to all medical directors to some degree. All long-term care facilities must meet certain responsibilities, such as hiring personnel, assessing residents, and documenting information.

Bridge Building, Not Rain Dancing: A Medical Director's Core Management Responsibilities

The long-term care medical director may provide several services to a nursing facility, including planning, organizing, leading, and managing 1 Levenson SA Medical Direction in Long-term Care: A Guidebook for the Future. 2nd Ed. Carolina Academic Press, Durham, NC1993 Google Scholar , 2 Pattee JJ Otteson O Medical Direction in the Nursing Home: Principles and Concepts for Physician-Administrators. North Ridge Press, Minneapolis, MN1991 Google Scholar (Table 1). Not all physicians, however, have the same time commitment or professional inclinations, so not all of them are involved in each of these activities. We may identify some core functions and tasks, however, that are relevant to all medical directors to some degree. All long-term care facilities must meet certain responsibilities, such as hiring personnel, assessing residents, and documenting information. Those activities require a broad collection of individuals with diverse backgrounds and professional qualifications, including physicians. Effective management is needed to coordinate the activities of this diverse group to achieve goals such as providing effective, humane, and efficient care. The medical director should be a key manager in the long-term care setting. This article identifies and explains core management functions of the long-term care medical director (Table 2). Table 1Major Medical Director Role Categories Table 2Core Management Functions Table 2Core Management Functions

Bridge Building, not Rain Dancing: A Medical Director's Core Management Responsibilities

The long-term care medical director may provide several services to a nursing facility, including planning, organizing, leading, and managing (Table 1). Not all physicians, however, have the same time commitment or professional inclinations, so not all of them are involved in each of these activities. We may identify some core functions and tasks, however, that are relevant to all medical directors to some degree. All long-term care facilities must meet certain responsibilities, such as hiring personnel, assessing residents, and documenting information. Those activities require a broad collection of individuals with diverse backgrounds and professional qualifications, including physicians. Effective management is needed to coordinate the activities of this diverse group to achieve goals such as providing effective, humane, and efficient care. The medical director should be a key manager in the long-term care setting. This article identifies and explains core management functions of the long-term care medical director (Table 2).

Benjamin Robins (18th century founder of scientific ballistics): some European dimensions and past and future perceptions

Summary Some remarks in favour of the start-up of a European Solids Mechanics Conference are first made. A very brief outline of Robins' life is then given, followed by a review of his collected papers. He was born in Bath, England, in 1707 and died at Fort St David, India, in 1751. This should place in time the man with whom the lecture is concerned. Several scientific topics to which he made contributions.—the ballistic pendulum, the whirling machine, air resistance sustained by solid shot and the Magnus effect—are described about the changes in his professional inclinations and personal ambitions with time. There was, and has been since the 1730s, controversy about Robins' work between Continental and English scientists. The author briefly details some of the exchanges on this score and uses it to suggest that 1992 is a year after which greater efforts might be made to attain more objective opinions on the history of European mechanics than hitherto. Some of the difficulties which stand in the way are noted and a few suggestions are made for improving the situation. That workers in mechanics come better to appreciate their subject's history is a theme here explicitly and implicitly advocated.

Tayma Painted Ware and the Hejaz Iron Age Ceramic Tradition

Tayma long ranked among the important cities of pre-Islamic Arabia, not least for its brief tenure as the royal residence of the Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus in the mid-6th century B.C. Together with Dedan (al'Ula), Tayma formed an important staging point in the western Arabian overland trade of the 1st millennium B.C., a geographical and economic reality which goes far toward accounting for the importance of both centers to the northern participants of that trade. Despite the apparent importance of Tayma to the history of both Syro-Palestine and Mesopotamia of the 1st millennium B.C., comparatively little reliable information about the city appears in scholarly literature. Until very recently, published knowledge of Tayma came from accounts of travellers and antiquarian explorers, the latter establishing the invaluable corpus of pre-Islamic inscriptions of the Hejaz. Beyond recalling the fundamental works of Huber and Euting in the last quarter of the 19th century, ofjaussen and Savignac in the first decades of the present century, and of Phil by more recently, the history of these explorations or the interpretation of their findings need not be reviewed here, as this task has been accomplished in numerous places (see e.g. Grohmann 1963). More recent scholarly undertakings at Tayma have largely been an extension of the previous pattern, with focus largely on epigraphical finds, a result both of professional inclination and of constraints in time and access on more ambitious projects (e.g. the Winnett and Reed explorations and the R. Stiehl visits of the 1960's). One project of a somewhat different nature, and of greater significance to the present inquiry, was S. A. Rashid's visit to Tayma and concomitant work on museum collections in the late 1960's and early 1970's, about which he published several papers, including one dealing with the painted pottery of the site (Rashid 1980). This myopic approach was changed, if only in a preliminary way, by the 1979 Tayma project, sponsored by the Saudi Arabian Department of Antiquities, which attempted to construct a culture historical framework for the city by a field program of extensive site survey combined with intensive examination of selected architectural units. The results of this field study are presented as a preliminary report in the Saudi journal Atial (Bawden et al. Ig80). Since that time several further discussions of these results have appeared (Bawden 1g8 I

Changing Patterns in Research on the Third World

There is a virtual consensus among scholars in the field that the study of the new nations has reached a state of acute crisis, a crisis that has affected careers, attitudes, syllabuses, and publications. After reaching a peak in the mid 196Os, the volume of publications tapered off, and, with a few excep­ tions, the quality suffered. The hope such literature once contained for helping the Third World slowly ebbed away. While the early theoretical perspective, sensing a loss of persuasiveness, retreated, new theoretical perspectives moved in from a position of marginality to fill in the gaps. But the field currently does not have a compelling paradigm that will structure study and endow enough coherence for research to proceed in a confident and a cumulative manner. However, the time may be right for an evalu­ ation. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the Third World and to discuss the basic theoretical, methodological, and substantive problems. Contrary to widely held assumptions that Third World literature divides into a liberal approach and a radical school, I argue the existence not of two but four approaches to development: the liberal, historicist, managerial, and neo-Marxist. Without discounting significant differences due to ideological preferences and professional inclinations, it is important to look at these approaches as the constantly adjusting responses of the scientific community, or parts of it, to the constantly changing real world. The processes of state formation and national development in the Third World present a distinctive historical moment of human development re­ quiring as much historical sensitivity and empathy as the processes of reformation, the emergence of the nation-state, and the industrial revolu­ tion of Europe. In the past as in the future, the crucial divide will be between

Professional orientation theory and practice development in the Lithuanian SSR

Shortly after the First World War, theoretical research and practical professional guidance activity was begun; they were terminated during the German occupation. Due to a succession of objective and subjective reasons, they were renewed only in the last decade. Since 1957, a string of sociological psychological research has been conducted demonstrating students' professional interests and inclinations relative to national economic needs, the knowledge-based validity of students' professional self-determination, i.e. medical and psychological requirements, as well as the nature of a profession. Significant discrepancies were disclosed.&#x0D; Based on this data as well as overall school experience and analysis of teaching plans, much pedagogical research was carried out using pedagogical experiment and eight-year schools 7th-8th grade leaders' professional guidance&#x0D; Systems were created. Research work intensified practical activity (professional information, professional consultation), which was set up to coordinate the Interdepartmental Council of Students Professional Guidance of the Republic. The Council includes the planning organs of Education and Higher and Secondary Specialized Education Ministries, the Committee on Vocational-technical education, health care, the press, radio and television, as well as research institutes and university department representatives.&#x0D; Further professional guidance work aims to closely link with research work: the high and mid-level qualified specialist professional guidance is set up in an effort to select special secondary and higher education establishments with existing professional interests and inclinations; also, professional guidance effectiveness is determined.

Some theoretical issues regarding the ability of students to make career choices

These issues are covered in the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers theses: school life and the strengthening of communication, how schools must acquaint students with different types of work in society, as well as help them figure out their own inclinations and consciously choose a profession.&#x0D; These issues are linked to many pedagogical and psychological problems, such as what the psychological peculiarities of the choice of profession are, the pedagogical grounds for preparation of professional organization, the concept of vocational orientation, etc. Some of these problems have been successfully solved by Soviet educators and psychologists. Much work has been done investigating professional interests (K. Ariskina, M. Bieliajevas, L. Blagonadežina, V. Bobrova, M. Chomutova, A. Esaulovas, A. Ivaščenka, S. Kregždė, N. Levitovas, B. Stonys, L. Ziubinas, etc.), and some pedagogical and psychological orientation issues are being addressed (J. Averičevas, M. Vinogradova, A. Volkovskis, V. Čebyševa, A. Izmailovas, A. Šestelis, etc.). However, there is work that specially deals with the theoretical problems of vocational orientation. Therefore, the article intends to answer some theoretical questions regarding the principle and organization of the system of vocational orientation at an eight-year school.&#x0D; The article examines school-vocational orientation as a pedagogical activity that brings a learner to professional work, introduces a variety of professions, and teaches them to redirect their inclinations and strength, which allows students to consciously choose a profession that suits them and benefits society. The vocational orientation was carried out two different ways eight-year school, i.e., vocational guidance and career counseling.&#x0D; A profession is understood as a social activity, based on calling, carried out according to specialty and designed for the entire nation for the creation of material and spiritual goods.&#x0D; A calling should be considered as a strong affinity to certain spheres of work, a sense that the chosen profession is suitable and has a meaning in life. A calling is encouraged. A specialty is a skilled knowledge, abilities, and skills system related to a particular field of work.&#x0D; The last part of the article examines the psychological aspects of conscious choice of profession: the nature and importance of constant professional interests, inclination, and professional suitability. Professional suitability is physical, mental, and moral power to effectively develop the chosen vocation in useful work for the high quality benefit of society.&#x0D; The theoretical problem solving in this article is based on a dialectic materialistic social cultural development and the concept of human personality, Soviet and with foreign literature, but also some of our own research.

Dynamic conception of vocational guidance

The author maintains that V.G. must be the result of a clinical examination carried out deeply, and that, therefore, an orientation diagnosis can be made only by taking into consideration the deeper inclinations of the subject, rather than his aptitudes, interests or character traits; satisfactory adjustment to work being, in fact, the consequence of an harmonious concord between the individual's professional activity and the deep inclinations of the personality while a situation of maladjustment is the consequence of a chronic frustration of a fundamental emotional need. In the frame of reference of this conception, the author refers to a recently elaborated test of Professional Inclinations: the results of an experimental research, carried out on clinical bases, justify the belief that this test, used together with other personality tests, ensures a clinical diagnosis for V.G.