Professional Doctorate Research Articles

The Impact of Hidden Curriculum in Clinical Learning Environment: Exploring Resident’s Perceptions

Objective: To explore and identify residents' perceptions regarding the hidden curriculum in dermatology practice and make it explicit. Study Design: Phenomenology Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan Aug to Oct 2021. Methodology: Data was gathered from one focus group discussion and five face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis of the generated themes. Results: Residents described a hierarchical and competitive atmosphere in the department. Positive and negative role models were identified. Organized teaching and approachable seniors were appreciated, whereas favouritism and a lack of empathy were undervalued. Conclusion: This study highlights the hidden curriculum in dermatology and attempts to recognize its important aspects. A continuous effort should be made to unravel it and align its positive aspects with the formal curriculum. This will lead to ethical and professional doctors and better health care.

Students’ Perception about the Influence of Medical Education on Medical Students in Anatomy Department

Introduction: Medical education has both positive and negative impact on the medical student. Initially the subject of anatomy and later other disciplines create mental and emotional stress for many students. Nevertheless, medical education is imperative in developing highly professional doctors. Aims and Objectives: This research is aimed to study the effect of medical education on the personality and behavior of 2nd year medical students in Anatomy Department. Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at the Anatomy Department of Azra Naheed Medical College Lahore (Dec 2022-March 2023). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 62 medical students 2nd year MBBS An electronic google form was developed which consisted of 20 questions to study the student’s perception about influence of medical education. The form was posted in the official class Whatsapp group. To avoid potential contamination bias, google form was designed so that one participant could fill the form once by using only email ID assigned by medical college administration. Data was collected and analyzed by Python programming language (Version: 3.10), Pandas and Scikit- learn. Results: Recent research showed that 87% of medical students felt that medical education has great impact on their personality moreover 80% students realized that they became emotionally intelligent during life in medical college. 95% of students agreed that a lot of stress is induced by medical education in their lives and 80% students raised the bad impact of medical education such as health issues and improper routine life. 75.8% of students thought that education in medical college polished their personality. Moreover 79% of students felt that medical education has a positive impact on their life. Conclusion: It was concluded that medical education has positive and negative effects on the personality of medical students. It is the students’ perception that their mental, physical & social health is badly affected. Medical students feel that empathy, humanity, dignity & emotional intelligence are the positive changes in their personality. The role of faculty members is also appreciated by the students.

Exploring Medical Professionalism amongst Postgraduate Trainees of Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta

Introduction: The traditional educational system has concentrated on cognition acquisition and skills essential for physician practice. However, medical educationists are focusing more on good professional doctors now, having a cognitive foundation to work alongside their social roles as a physician-to-be. Aims and Objectives: To assess medical professionalism amongst postgraduate trainees at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta. Place and Duration of study: Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta during February 2024. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine professionalism utilizing a pre-validated questionnaire termed Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT) from 47 Postgraduates (PGs) of the Neurosurgery, General Medicine, and Psychiatry departments. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 29 was used to calculate frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was utilized to evaluate the association between professional years and items. A p-value of ? 0.05 is considered significant. Results: All 18 PGs from the psychiatry department, 23/36 (64%) from General Medicine, and all 6 from Neurosurgery filled out the questionnaire. 55.3%(n=25/47) were above 25 years of age, The majority were males (n=31, 66%) and 34% females, 36% (n=17/47) PGs were from 1st year of training. Item no 1 and 5 of Domain I and Domain 3 present the highest percentage score (52.4%) respectively. Highly statistically significant results (p-<0.001) were obtained between professional years of training and items 4, 6, 1, and 3 of Domain 2, 3, and 4. Conclusion: PGs followed feedback to improve and meet their learning goals. PGs understood their professional responsibilities and felt qualified to finish assignments to the highest standard reliably and courteously. They were aware of the benefits of working in teams, and they took feedback to help reach their learning goals.

Professional doctorates reconciling academic and professional knowledge: towards a diffractive re-reading

ABSTRACT This paper explores the different epistemologies that define the Professional Doctorate, paying close attention to how Postgraduate Researchers (PGRs) doing a Professional Doctorate reconcile academic and professional knowledge. Through a narrative exploration of the literature published since the first UK Professional Doctorates were awarded in 2000, the paper situates the Professional Doctorate within the confluence of the workplace, the profession and the university. From this stance, the paper explores distinct knowledge terrains between knowledge generated by Professional Doctorates in the context of application and knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws applied to sites of practice. The purpose of this discussion is to understand if, how and to what extent Professional Doctorates reconcile competing knowledge terrains. This study draws towards two broad conclusions. The first conclusion suggests that in the literature identified, the distinction between academic and professional epistemologies has little resonance. Instead of the dichotomous knowledge generated in the context of practice in contrast to knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws, Professional Doctorates were ensconced within several competing epistemologies. The literature identified focuses on impact and identity, concepts the study employs as lenses to guide a discussion. The paper thus views the process of reconciliation first through the lens of impact and then through the lens of identity. The investigation then draws a second conclusion: The epistemic landscape occupied by the Professional Doctorate is involved in a reconciliation of more significance that the putative academic and professional binary. The paper is compelled towards a diffractive re-reading of this academic-professional knowledge tension. This new reading allows a full recognition of both difference and mutual entanglement between knowledge generated in the context of practice and knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws.

The architecture design checklist of classrooms for children with cochlear implant in rehabilitation centers

Children with cochlear implants (CI) have unique physical, psychological, and behavioral needs compared to typically developing children, thus they go through a rehabilitation process for education and activity purposes in a rehabilitation center (RC). The provision of specialized support for children with CI reflects a nation's commitment to inclusivity and care for all segments of society. This study investigates the research gab of the needs of children with CI (aged 1–6) to identify the fundamental design requirements in order to develop an architectural design checklist for their classrooms. Through literature review and comparisons with standard preschool designs for typically developed children, the research identifies key design elements affecting these children's learning and integration. This study establishes a framework for optimizing RC's classroom design for children with CI. Following a methodological discussion addressing pertinent research considerations, a comprehensive user experience questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire included participants from various stakeholder groups: parents, educators, medical professionals (psychiatrists and doctors), and design experts (architectural and acoustic engineers). The findings inform the identification of essential design elements encompassing layout, materials selection, ventilation strategies, lighting systems, acoustic control measures, and color palettes. Following analysis, the research concludes with a design checklist outlining optimal ranges (100 % = sub-optimum, 50 % = optimum, 0 % = over design) for each element, including furniture layout, color schemes, materials, classroom shape, lighting, and ventilation. This checklist ensures RC classrooms effectively cater to the specific needs of children with CI.

Nutrition support practices in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Background. Nutrition support is recognised as an important therapy for attenuating the catabolic effects of critical illnesses, including malnutrition prevention. However, variations in nutrition support practices make it difficult to achieve optimal outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives. To explore current nutrition support practices among healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methods. Via a cross-sectional survey, the nutrition support practices and self-reported skills of 30 ICU healthcare professionals (23 nurses and 7 doctors) providing nutrition support were explored. Results are presented as themes with frequencies and proportions. Categorical data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results. Most of the respondents were young and had limited ICU experience. Almost half of the respondents were unaware of or were not familiar with the content of an in-house feeding protocol for both enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition support, despite a majority reporting the feeding protocol as the main source of nutrition support information. There was a general lack of standardisation of execution of most nutrition support practices, especially with the pattern of EN delivery, usual method of optimising EN, and gastric residual volume threshold used to guide practice. Most respondents self-reported being average/satisfactory in the management of nutrition support. Conclusion. The study revealed that healthcare professionals in our ICU had varying nutrition support practices and competencies. There is a need for standardised and practical feeding protocols in accessible formats, ongoing education, and training in nutrition support to improve nutrition support practices and competencies of healthcare professionals providing nutrition support in the ICU setting.

Embracing hybridity: the affordances of arts-based research for the professional doctorate in education

ABSTRACT Despite the growth of the professional doctorate in education (EdD), its potential for capturing practice is restricted by academic tradition. In this hybrid paper, we argue that arts-based research (ABR) can help rectify this. We bookend the paper with creative non-fiction of our own EdD experiences, where ABR is restricted and afforded. We develop our argument through a position paper mapping the theoretical similarities of the EdD and ABR. We then undertake a scoping review identifying existing research into ABR on EdD programmes. We analyse six articles using the 5A’s theory of creativity [Glăveanu 2013. Rewriting the language of creativity: The Five A's framework. Review of General Psychology 17, no. 1: 69–81] to see how these theoretical similarities are afforded. Using ABR on the EdD promotes reflexivity and co-creation, impacting upon diverse audiences. We conclude with a challenge for further research into ABR on EdD programmes through hybrid research.

To the Anniversary of Vladimir Ivashkin. Clinical diagnosis at the bedside always was, still is and always will be a criterion of a doctor's professionalism

In 2019, on the eve of Vladimir Ivashkin’s 80th birthday, we conducted our first interview with him. Now, on the eve of his 85th birthday, Professor Ivashkin again kindly agreed to talk with us and share his thoughts, emotions and impressions about the key events of the past five years.

Cultivating Resilience in Part-Time Doctoral Students

In an increasingly competitive world, master’s degrees are becoming the new common educational currency, leading to a markable increase in the number of students pursuing Professional Doctorates to stand out, boost their professional standing, and increase their income. The rise of Professional Doctorates is eclipsing the growth of traditional PhDs, and the academic intakes of the future look to be built of part-time professionals, who must also balance additional stressors such as family and personal life and their day-to-day careers. As such, this author recommends academic institutes promote the skills of resilience to help part-time students manage day-to-day stressors and embark on a more successful doctoral journey. This is an opinion-based paper that utilises lessons learned from the author’s own academic journey and the classic underpinning literature on resilience to recommend three sets of skills and mindsets that could help boost part-time doctoral students’ resilience.

Application, investigation and prediction of ChatGpt/GPT-4 for clinical cases in medical field

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and medical treatment not only makes the clinical diagnosis more accurate, but also makes the patient's rehabilitation more systematic and professional, especially after the advent of the Large Language Model(LLM) in the past 2 years. This paper discusses 3 clinical cases of 2 kinds of LLMs: ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) and GPT-4 in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R), and shows their powerful analytical reasoning ability. In the first experiment, ChatGPT and the leading professional doctors in the industry were asked to classify the emergency records of ophthalmology during the 10-year period, infer the severity of each patient's illness and determine the nursing requirements. In the later experiment, GPT-4, an upgraded version of GPT-3.5, delayed the diagnosis of medical history data of patients aged 65 and over, to study the clinical diagnosis opinions and systematic treatment scheme of GPT-4 as a "professional doctor". ChatGPT and GPT-4 participated in the examination with 12 categories of neurosurgery medical fields, which was shown in the last experiment, aiming at studying their medical professional level and discussing their clinical reliability and effectiveness, as well as LLMs' ability of reasoning questions step by step. The experimental results show that these 2 kinds of large language models have professional and powerful ability to analyze actual projects, and their performance even far exceeds that of professional clinicians. At the same time, the existing defects of the models and their more applications in the medical field in the future are prospected.

Adherence To Healthy Lifestyle Among Medical Workers In Routine Practice And During The COVID-19 Pandemic Abroad

Introduction. A healthy lifestyle is a lifestyle aimed at preventing emergence and development of non-communicable diseases characterized by exclusion or reduction of behavioral risk factors. Adherence to the principles of healthy lifestyle among medical workers abroad is of great importance. Therefore, it is relevant to study foreign experience related to adherence to healthy lifestyle among medical professionals (doctors and nursing staff), both in routine practice and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Materials and methods. During a search for the keywords “healthy lifestyle”, “medical workers” and “pandemic” in the period from 2014 to 2023 conducted in the PubMed international database, more than a thousand of systematic reviews, meta-analyses and articles on relevant scientific and practical topics were found. Results of interest included occupational health and health behavior of medical workers. After the final selection and exclusion of the results that are scientifically and practically insignificant, 30 sources from 27 countries were included in the analysis. The authors assessed the quality of these reviews, meta-analyses and articles and obtained new summarized data on the topic.
 Results and discussion. The article presents analysis and summary of 30 systematic reviews, meta-analyses and articles published from 2014 to 2023 by authors from 27 countries. For this purpose, the results of an analysis of adherence to healthy lifestyle among medical workers, the relationship of lifestyle and health-related behavior; lifestyle, shift work and health; lifestyle and disease development in routine practice as well as during the COVID-19 pandemic were presented.
 Conclusion. The correlation of lifestyle and health-related behavior of medical workers; lifestyle, shift work and health; lifestyle and disease development in routine practice as well as during the COVID-19 pandemic were revealed. Optimizing recommendations suggesting necessary and appropriate measures to improve the adherence to healthy lifestyle among medical workers were elaborated.

Developing interconnectedness is critical in retaining rural general practitioners: A qualitative thematic analysis of recently recruited general practitioners to South East New South Wales, Australia.

Australia, in common with many countries globally, has a shortage of doctors working rurally. Whilst strategies and current research focus on recruitment, attrition from rural practice is a significant determinant of such shortages. Understanding doctors' decisions to stay or leave, once recruited, may provide further insights on how to address this rural differential. This study comprises a qualitative study of 21 recently recruited nationally-trained doctors and international medical graduates to a rural area of New South Wales, Australia. Interviews focused on their experiences prior to and within rural practice, and how these influenced their future career intentions. We used reflexive thematic analysis with each interview coded by two researchers to build an explanatory framework. Our findings comprise five themes which applied differentially to nationally-trained doctors and international medical graduates: connectedness across professional, personal and geographic domains, how multi-faceted connectedness was, and dissonance between participants' expectations and experiences. Amongst nationally-trained doctors, connectedness stemmed from prior rural experiences which engendered expectations founded upon their ability to develop community-level relationships. Experiences were mixed; some described difficulties maintaining a boundary between their personal and professional lives, which encroached upon their ability to embed within the community. International medical graduates' expectations were cultivated by their pre-conceptions of Australian postgraduate training but they lamented a lack of professional opportunities once in practice. Moreover, they described a lack of professional relationships with local, nationally-trained, doctors that could help them embed into rural practice. This study highlighted that when connectedness occurs across professional, geographic and personal domains doctors are more likely to continue rural practice, whilst illustrating how the importance of each domain may differ amongst different cadres of doctor. Supporting such cadres develop supportive interrelationships may be a low hanging fruit to maximise retention.

Qualitative Pilot Interventions for the Enhancement of Mental Health Support in Doctoral Students

Doctoral degrees include Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and other professional doctorates such as Engineering Doctorate (EngD), Doctor of Education (EdD), or Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy). Unlike undergraduate- or postgraduate-taught students, doctoral study focuses on a single, autonomous piece of research. Research indicates a high occurrence of mental health problems in doctoral students. This paper describes the piloting and qualitative evaluation of a range of interventions designed to enhance the mental health support for doctoral students at one UK university. These interventions sought to target an array of known factors that affect the mental health of doctoral students, including individual capacity for coping with stress and social support availability.

A Proposal for a Professional Doctorate in Accounting to Address the Accounting Faculty Shortage

“A combination of circumstances - the shortage of accounting faculty that is likely to increase sharply (given the average age of full-time tenured faculty) and a single pathway to a single terminal degree in accounting that cannot accommodate substantially more doctoral students - raises questions about how accounting educators will be able to fulfill their roles in teaching, research, and service in the future.” (Pathways Commission, 2012) This paper presents a proposal for a professional doctorate in accounting as a means of addressing the prevailing shortage of doctorally-qualified accounting faculty and several related issues within accounting higher education. Given recent pronouncements by the AACSB and the AAA and AICPA-sponsored Pathways Commission, the potential for such a degree program to help achieve these objectives appears promising. The nature and causes of the accounting faculty shortage, previous attempts to address this problem, and the role of professional experience are discussed first. This is followed by an overview of the professions, and of the ways in which professional doctorates have been implemented in law and medicine as prototypes for a professional doctorate in accounting. The paper concludes with a discussion of the benefits that can be achieved by implementing a professional doctorate in accounting.

Dos doutorados acadêmicos aos doutorados profissionais: análise comparativa de experiências na Ibero-América

Abstract Professional Doctorates (PD) as a model of doctoral training, parallel to and independent from the traditional Academic Doctorates, began to expand throughout the 1990s in countries of the Anglo-Saxon world, echoing timidly in Ibero-American countries. This article carried out a comparative study between the PDs of Brazil and Mexico, the only countries in the Ibero-American region that have created PDs in their educational systems, aiming to analyze their convergences, divergences, and specificities. This is an exploratory, analytic-descriptive, bibliographic, and documental study. Among other important findings, it is noteworthy that unlike the Mexican norms that relate PD specifically to the professional development of doctoral students, in Brazil there is a broader, prevailing conception aimed at increasing the productivity of companies and public and private organizations, technology transfer and the production of innovative knowledge.

Design and development of an effective classifier for medical images based on machine learning and image segmentation

Recently, there has been an increase in the death rate due to encephaloma tumours affecting all age groups. Because of their intricate designs and the interference they cause in diagnostic imaging, these tumours are notoriously difficult to spot. Early and accurate detection of tumours is crucial because it allows for identifying and predicting malignant regions using medical imaging. Using segmentation and relegation techniques, medical scans can aid clinicians in making an early diagnosis and potentially save time. On the other hand, the identification of tumours may be a laborious and extended process for professional doctors owing to the complex nature of tumour formations and the presence of noise in the data produced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) since it is pretty imperative to locate and determine the site of the tumour as quickly as feasible. This research proposes a method for detecting brain cancers from MRI scans based on machine learning. It uses the Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor, and Nave Bayes algorithms for image preprocessing, picture segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. According to the findings, the SVM algorithm accomplished the best level of accuracy, which is 89 %.

Medical Students’ Reflection on Interprofesional Education with Nursing Students

Interprofessional education (IPE) is expected to help future health professionals prepare for collaborative roles between doctors and nurses. Therefore, IPE learning needs to be provided in the learning process of medical and nursing students. Objective: he purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of IPE learning in medical students. The method used was qualitative content analysis method on self-reflection documents. Method: The population in this study were first-year medical students who participated in IPE learning, using total sampling of 157 respondents. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method on self-reflection documents done by students. Results: The results obtained were three themes namely positive experiences, negative experiences and learning outcomes. Conclusions: IPE learning can encourage the development of relationships between students and the profession of doctors and nurses.

The Integrated Component-Based Knowledge Management System (ICB-KMS) for Mental Healthcare

The importance of mental health in the world needs special attention. A country with a dense and high population, such as Indonesia, is known to be vulnerable to the prevalence of mental disorders due to the pressure of various factors such as work, social, cultural, and environment. The high number of mental disorders threatens the country's economy because they are not optimally productive. Currently, accurate mental health data is complex due to stigma and a lack of understanding and knowledge in society. This research aims to apply the integrated component-based knowledge management system (ICB-KMS) framework for mental health. The study was conducted in five mental hospitals in the A category using quantitative and qualitative methods. More than 200 pieces of data were collected from practitioners and healthcare professionals (doctors and psychiatrists), medical staff, nurses, management, stakeholders, and policymakers. Four of the seven phases of the ICB-KMS framework were successfully carried out, i.e., requirement analysis, system design and architecture, knowledge acquisition and integration, and user interface design interaction. The result is a blueprint of ICB-KMS with functional and non-functional systems and application architecture.

The Strength of Proof of MKDKI Decisions in Medical Crime Cases in Indonesia

<p><em>The aim of this research is to determine the evidentiary strength of MKDKI decisions in Medical Crime Cases in Indonesia. MKDKI has the main objective of protecting patient safety, maintaining the quality of service to patients, and also maintaining the honor of the profession of doctors and dentists, which is actualized in the form of a trial in the medical sphere to find out whether a doctor or dentist has made a mistake in applying medical discipline knowledge or not. , institutionally, MKDKI is an autonomous institution from the Indonesian Medical Council whose duties are independent and responsible to the Indonesian Medical Council, then KKI in carrying out its duties is responsible to the president. Complaints submitted to MKDKI act to eliminate the right of every person to report any alleged medical crime to an authorized party or filing a lawsuit for damages in court. The type used in this research is normative legal research. This type of research places more emphasis on answering existing legal problems or issues, and this research uses several approaches, namely the statutory approach, the conceptual approach. (conceptual approach) and case approach (case approach). The results of this research show that the evidentiary strength of the MKDKI Decision which can be used as documentary evidence in medical criminal cases is as follows: 1) issued by an authorized official or issued by an official institution, 2) the MKDKI decision is produced through a legal and legitimate process , and 3) proof at a trial at MKDKI is the same as in a proceeding using criminal procedural law; and the examination process and trial process are carried out in depth, and carried out by parties who are competent in their fields</em></p>

Patients' preoperative awareness of anesthesia

Research methods: systematic literature analysis and qualitative research – semi-structured interview. The sample of the qualitative research is 16 respondents. The data was analyzed using the method of qualitative content analysis. 
 Conclusions. 1. Patients know what anesthesia is and for what purpose it is performed, most patients follow the preoperative preparation recommendations. Before the operation, patients want to be informed and know about the course of the operation, anesthesia, pre-operative requirements, risks and threats of complications, the postoperative period, rehabilitation. Patients emphasize that communication with healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) before surgery is very necessary for them. The information provided to some patients was insufficient, there was a lack of communication. Patients prefer an individual conversation and written or visual information about pre-operative preparation, anesthesia in a language they understand, without difficult medical terms. 2. Nursing roles emerged as important factors in patients' preoperative period. It has been established that the communication of health care professionals, including nurses, and the time devoted to patients in meeting their needs have a significant impact on patient awareness.