Professional Deformation Research Articles

THE DOCTOR’S PERSONALITY IN MODERN SOCIETY: THE IDEAL TYPE AND PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION

The article deals with the problems associated with the construction of the ideal type of the modern physician, as well as the identification of the key aspects of professional deformations of his personality and the analysis of the effects of these strains on the principles of conduct in relation to a patient. The introduction of market relations in health care system caused the competition between medical institutions, forcing them to look for additional ways to attract patients and as a result, the range of medical services to the population has significantly expended. A positive consequence has become a trend, expressed in an effort to improve the skills of doctors, the quality of work with patients. On the other hand, liberal globalization has led to the devaluation of the structure of the individual doctor and the public interest has strengthened the role and importance of individualistic interests. The result was the alienation of the doctors from the patients took on a mass character, which led to a degradation of the professional medical community and health care system in general. The authors are regarded as normative characteristics of medical practice, and indicators related to the subjectivity of doctor’s behavior, which reflects the perceived boundaries of the doctor’s professional and personal effects to the patient; attitude toward himself as a person and a professional; professional attitude of the society to the doctors and to the prevailing social and historical traditions of healing. The main characteristics that allow to construct an ideal type of physician are: high professionalism and its use for the benefit of man and society; rules of communicating with people who are sick; ethics in relationships in a professional environment; moral principles and ethics of the individual and the social order: the observance of a number of limitations and restrictions. However, under the pressure of contemporary social realities, which combines a set of internal and external factors affecting the identity of the doctor, it is subjected to serious professional deformations. The term “professional deformation of doctors” is close but not identical to the term “emotional burnout” because the first is primarily due to the social character and the second is largely due to the individual properties of the human psyche. Professional doctor’s strain amplified under the direct influence of the media, most evident in that they have no desire to cure the patient, as well as multidimensional phenomenon of corruption in the medical community that seriously negates the importance of doctors in the public consciousness and lead to a loss of credibility of members of society. The article presents data from various sociological studies, including those carried out on the basis of the Research Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery A.N. Bakuleva under the direction of T.N. Semina.

Самоактуализация как предпосылка предупреждения профессиональных деформаций (выгорания) будущих психологов и медиков

Самоактуализация как предпосылка предупреждения профессиональных деформаций (выгорания) будущих психологов и медиков

Профессиональная деформация личности сотрудников оперативных подразделений органов внутренних дел и ее профилактика

Presents results of a case study of the essence and specific features of professional deformation of employees of operative divisions of internal Affairs bodies. With this purpose, respondents fifty employees of operational units of internal Affairs bodies, of which 54% are persons holding relevant management posts (Deputy heads of police for operational work, and others), and 52% have special ranks of senior officers. The average length of service of respondents in operational units of internal Affairs bodies was 9.5 years. Detail is characterized by the commitment of staff to professional deformation of the personality, stand out the dominant factors causing the development of this phenomenon. Provides a list of the manifestations of professional deformation of the personality and discuss the most important ones and typical for workers in this category. The indicators of the survey are compared with data of other scientific research, reflected in publications. A separate value is given to the prevention of professional deformation of the personality, including those in educational institutions of higher education. Discusses a fragment of the methodology for the conduct of practical exercises as part of psychological-pedagogical prevention of professional deformation of the personality of the heads of divisions of internal Affairs bodies.

Педагогическая агрессия: современные подходы к изучению и профилактике

The results of analysis of modern scientific approaches to the study and prevention of pedagogical aggression are presented. The relevance of the work is caused by a wide spread of aggressive forms of behaviour in society, including the educational environment. After reviewing the theoretical and empirical psychological and pedagogical works of Russian scientists, the authors found that most researchers see the reasons for pedagogical aggression in professional deformation of teacher’s personality. It is noted that it may occur at different stages of development of a specialist, affect the structure of personality, is detrimental to its activity and behaviour. It is shown that at the same time, other researchers focus on the destructive manifestations of pedagogical discourse, considering the aggression of the teacher an integral part thereof and is evident in the evaluation of actions aimed at changing the subjectivity of a student. The authors propose the idea of complex psychological support of teacher’s action as ways of prevention and correction of pedagogical aggression, the purpose of which should be assistance in overcoming various kinds of difficulties of personal and professional character. It is indicated that the work on forming the culture of behavior and speech etiquette of teachers and students of pedagogical universities, learning the techniques of public communication and effective response in conflict situations have serious importance.

Deformacja zawodowa: tendencje, dynamika i ryzyko przejawu

The article concretizes methodological approaches of studying the phenomenon of personality professional deformations in the light of adaptational conditionality of professional safety. Causes (general and partial), conditions (monotonous, closed, emotionally intensive, extreme character of work), emergence of professional deformations, positive and negative content of their manifestation through the characteristics description (rate of development, depth of formation, sustainability degree and wideness) have been outlined. Levels (general professional, special professional, professionally typological, individualized) and typology of manifestation of professional deformations have been structurized, personality characteristics of which are expressed in double ethical standards, professional marginalism and emotional burnout. Radical forms of professional deformations (professionally conditioned accentuations, learned helplessness, professional alienation, professional incompetence and stagnation) have been indicated, which are caused by age and psychological factors of professional aging. Risks zone of professional deformations manifestation (blocking of professionally important qualities by specialist, initiation of personality alienation by specialist and loss of professional maturity by specialist) has been grounded.

DEVELOPMENT OF FIRST RECRUITED CITIZENS’ SPEED-STRENGTH

Physical training in the internal affairs of the Russian Federation is an integral part of the institutional system of vocational education and inextricably linked with the processes taking place in the socio-political and socio-economic life of the state. The main changes the basic characteristics of modern society, the growing volume and complexity of the problems solved by the internal affairs agencies, a qualitative change in the need to provide a high crime level of physical readiness of employees to effective work of law enforcement agencies. The underestimation of the degree of physical fitness of the employee admits unjustified losses and gross professional error. Often the causes of this situation lie in the absence of a solid staff skills of martial arts, a low level of formation of professionally important physical and mental qualities, psycho physiological functions and personal qualities, maladjustment, lower productivity, promotion of professional deformation and occupational diseases. In extreme situations, resulting in operational activities, some of the staff are lost, they cannot quickly assess the situation and make the right decision, reduces the overall effectiveness of management performance. On the other hand, it was found that good health and a high level of protection of health, good physical condition and mental stability of the worker, confidently wielding techniques of unarmed combat and other martial arts, as a rule, successfully coping with the important task of professional duties when training.

Психологические аспекты в профессиональной деятельности бухгалтера

The article focuses on the determinants of the psychology of the professional activities of accountants and causes
 of professional psychological deformation of the person. The main problems of moral and ethical character of modern
 society are identified.

INTERPRETATIVE SONDNI TEST IN THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION TEACHERS WITN DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

В статье охарактеризованы представления о существовании предрасположенности к профессиональной личностной деформации. Проанализированы феномены профессиональной деятельности как индивидные (природнообусловленные) особенности человека, а также системные свойства личности, сформировавшиеся в предпрофессиональный и профессиональный периоды. Цель. В статье автор раскрывает понятие «профессиональной деформации личности» как несоответствие между профессионально-организационными требованиями и личностными ресурсами работника. Автор ставит целью объединить в интерпретации теста Сонди – индивидуально-типологическую и психоаналитическую парадигму, а также произвести психодиагностический вывод о наличии (либо отсутствии) профессиональной деформации педагогов с разным стажем трудовой деятельности. Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют методы сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа философской, психологической, социологической, педагогической литературы, а также психодиагностический метод Сонди-тест. Результаты. Результаты основаны на суммарных данных каждой из выделенных автором профессиональных подгрупп - это выраженность различных мотивационных тенденций на разных этапах профессионального пути, дополненная особенностями динамики реакций с повышенным психологическим давлением, коэффициенты напряженности и баланс потребностей в активности и покое педагогов с различным профессиональным стажем. Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере общей и педагогической психологии, а также психологии личности.

Почему возникают и к чему приводят профессиональные деформации

The article considers the essence and the reasons for the formation of professional deformation in various fields of activities, identifies the levels of their
 manifestations, including: general professional deformations, special professional deformations, professional typological deformations, individualized deformations.
 The main implications of professional deformation, seriously affecting the professional development and effectiveness are analized, including: disintegration of
 professional development, distorted development professional, low professional mobility, increased deformation of the personality, etc. Psychological determinants
 of the personality, contributing to the professional deformation are allocated. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of professional deformation of leaders:
 distinguished features, including gender, professional deformation managers; the factors that determine the risk of burnout of managers as a non-specific
 professional deformation are summarized, including basic personality traits, models of overcoming behavior in difficult or critical situations, the style of behavior
 in conflict situations, managerial skills.

Will the Death Penalty in Russia Return?

Review. The article is devoted to the problem of death penalty, the possibility of its return in the modern legal practice. The author explains the haste of the steps for its instantaneous withdrawal from the practice of the courts in our country and warns of the perils of the continuation of similar activities in this direction. According to the author, the death penalty should be returned, but it must be, as stipulated by the Constitution of the RF, an exceptional measure of punishment, that is assigned in the most extreme cases. Such cases may not be much. We, all members of the society, have changed a lot. The judiciary has also changed, almost no working judges who had occasion to impose the death penalty. At the same time, the attention is drawn not to the right of a State to execute a criminal (which is widely discussed and written about), but to the fact that the perpetrator has lost the right to life. He, by his own actions, opposes himself to the society and the State. He does not want and cannot live under law and order. It is not necessary to forcibly hold him in the legal field, it is necessary to help him break free from the oppression and, thus, protect ourselves and the entire society from the possible recurrence of such conduct on his part and on the part of those who sympathizes with him. In the event of a return of the death penalty, it cannot return intact. The law must undergone significant changes. In particular, provision should be made for suspension of sentence to death. This right must belong to the Court and the President. It is also necessary to introduce additional checks on the validity of the sentence. In doing so, check should be neither judicial, nor prosecutorial. With time, professionals undergo a certain professional deformation, when in similar situations they make similar decisions, but often some very important and even little things fall out of their sight.

A Study of Professional Deformation and Psychological Defense of a Practitioner Psychologist's Personality at Various Stages of Professional Activity

The goal of the empirical part of this work is to study the use of psychological defenses by practitioner psychologists and development of job burnout in them. Giessen Psychosomatic Complaint Questionnaire, Cattell's Test, 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PFQ-187-A) by R.B. Cattell, S. Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study, and V.V. Boiko's technique of diagnosing the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication are used in the study. For our study, we have selected a battery of diagnostic techniques helping to identify the mechanisms used by practitioner psychologists; the extent of professional deformation of psychologists was studied taking into account the duration of professional activity. The interrelation between psychological defense mechanisms used by practitioner psychologists and the level of their professional deformation was detected. Using these diagnostic techniques, we studied the personality traits of practitioner psychologists at different stages of their activity and discovered the range of practicing psychologist's work experience located in the "risk zone" of the professional deformation development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s5p169

OFFICIAL DISCIPLINE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: WAYS OF IMPROVING

Psychological preparedness is a set of formed and developed psychological characteristics that are relevant to the specific psychological character of the operational (combat) field service and are the necessary internal precondition for its successful implementation. It is this kind of training that plays an important role for overcoming the psychological difficulties of professional activities, ensuring the successful solution of the tasks. Deviations and professional personal deformations of officers, whose duty is to prevent and stop dangerous social deviations, are not only visible, but also dangerous both for society and for the Interior Ministry system itself. The European Code of Police Ethics, adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 19 September, 2001 declares the main direction in implementation of the basic tasks of psychological service of the Russian Interior Ministry.

INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION ON LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION OF TEACHERS

The aim of presented article – identification of interrelation of certain type of organizational culture in institute of education (closed, accidental, open or synchronous) and level of development of professional deformation of personality of teachers (authoritativeness, rigidity and noncriticality of self-perception). The basis for methodology of research is sociocultural-interdeterministic dialogical approach of V. A. Yanchuk. In the course of research psychodiagnostic techniques were applied: technique of diagnostics of professional deformation of personality of teacher (V. E. Orel, S. P. Andreyev) and questionnaire of «Scale of organizational paradigms» of L. L. Konstantin. Results of research of six institutes of education (schools and gymnasiums) showed that elements of deformation have higher level of manifestation in institutes with closed type of organizational culture, revealed in three institutes, and insignificant level in two institutes with open type of culture. In institutes with prevalence of synchronous and accidental types of organizational culture significant exceeding on the level of deformation didn’t find. The greatest development of deformation of teachers is observed on elements of authoritativeness and rigidity, the smallest – on noncriticality of self-perception. Scientific novelty of material is presented for the first time applied sociocultural-interdeterministic dialogical approach to research of professional deformation of personality, that psychological interdeterminant of deformation are allocated, one of structural components of model of ecocultural educational environment – open type of organizational culture in institute of education are described. Practical significance of results consists in detection of opportunities and criteria of formation in institute of formation of ecocultural dialogical environment and its structural component for purpose of timely prevention and overcoming of professional deformation of personality of teachers, to creation of prerequisites for increase of efficiency of interaction among participants of educational process.

The Study of Professional Deformations of Doctors as Deviations of Their Professional Role

Improvement of medical care is the topical issue of the health care system; its solution requires significant economic investment, based on the results of sociological research. In this regard, the author conducted a comprehensive study of the social and psychological parameters of the doctor’s professional role with a view to explicate its possible deviations. The study was conducted within the sociology of medicine, using its qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as a number of psycho-diagnostic tests. The results showed that the discrepancy between the level of the neuro-emotional and physical stress of medical practice and the institutional and professional valuation parameters leads to deviations in the professional role of the doctor, which is explicated as professional deformations of two types: general professional and special.

Stereotypes in the Professional Activity of Teachers

One of the indications of the professional deformation of a teacher is the adoption of educational stereotypes. On the one hand formation of stereotypes is one of the advantages of the human mind. On the other hand, stereotypes introduce big distortions to the reflection of professional reality and contribute to the formation of psychological barriers. The purpose of the work is to study various types of stereotypes, diagnose teachers as having stereotypes, develop methods for destruction of educational stereotypes. School teachers and University lecturers are in general of the same mind in their evaluations (when tested by proverbs test). The majority of unambiguous answers, namely, complete consent with proverbs indicate that educators use stereotypes. According to self-evaluation of educators, stereotypes hamper communication of the majority of University lecturers, and help school teachers deal with teaching objectives and moral building objectives. As a result of training on stereotype destruction 84.6% of the educators mentioned that they used stereotypes and 15.4% of them did not do so according to their self-evaluation. The gathered professional work experience conduces to stereotyping of human thinking. On the one hand, stereotyped decisions provide more than 60% of the correct professional solutions, ensure stable development of situations and profession as a whole. On the other hand, creativity in solving problems is necessary to get to the new level of professional activity. Therefore, phenomenon of “educational stereotypes” is multi-faceted. It contains both positive and negative functions.

AUTOAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AND ALCOHOL ADDICTION AMONG PHYSICIANS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

On the basis of data, published in foreign and domestic literature, the analysis of problem of autoagressive behavior and alcohol addictions among physicians was performed. In addition, the question of professional deformation was considered.

Legal and Psychological Fundamentals of Prevention of Professional Deformation in Officers Working in Internal Affairs

Legal and Psychological Fundamentals of Prevention of Professional Deformation in Officers Working in Internal Affairs

Professional Deformations of a Lawyer and Deformations of Legal Mind: Connection and Interaction. Experience of Modern Russia

In this article the author is observing possible professional deformations of the personality of a lawyer. Some professional deformations can make a person unsuitable for his work. The author proves that talking about lawyers’ professional deformations we should mostly speak about deformations of their legal mind. But observing the problem of low-leveled legal mind from the other hand, we can say that such legal mind can prevent some types of professional deformations as well.

Власть как фактор развития или деформации личности руководителя организации

The paper considers leadership power as a factor resulting in development or deformation of a leader’s personality. Managerial activity implies that an organization’s
 leader executes a set of functions, including administrative, goal-setting, disciplinary, expert advisory, communicative regulating ones, educational
 and psychotherapeutic support as well as representation mission. When the leader carries out these functions using leadership power within reasonable limits
 it helps to enhance this leader’s personality, essential professional qualities and to nurture necessary competencies. However, leadership power execution can
 have a distorting effect on a leader’s personality. Professional deformation is meant here as a distortion of professionally crucial personal qualities. We believe
 that consistent power execution should be considered as a factor aggravating professional deformation of a leader’s personality. Among the types of professional
 deformations, resulting from consistent leadership power execution are the following: authoritarianism, ostentation, professional dogmatism, professional
 belligerence, social hypocrisy, obsessive sense of responsibility, procrastination, imperativeness and proclivity for manipulations. The paper presents
 ways of prophylactic measures against professional deformations and describes possible actions, the leader can undertake to use his leadership power as a
 means for his own further personal enhancement.

Category «Professional Deformation» in Psychology

The phenomenon of professional deformation, manifested in destructive changes of self and one's productivity, and changes in the structure of personality, negatively affects the efficiency of labor and complicates interpersonal interaction in the workplace. Adverse effects of practicing the same profession for a long period of time negatively affect its productivity, resulting in emergence of undesirable professional qualities, and adverse changes in professional conduct, mental structure, personality traits and execution of professional duties.