Professional Basketball Players Research Articles

The Model of The Sport Agent in Thailand: How to Be the Finest Athlete Representative?

Purpose: This research aims to study the basketball sport agent management model in Thailand. Theoretical Framework: This study employs the concepts and theories of the sport agent’s management factor affecting the professional Basketball player achievement in Thailand. Methodology: The study was qualitative research used in-depth interviews. The purposive sampling 24 key informants which were comprised of three trainers, three media people, three financial managers, nine people consist of the representative from the basketball league, professional basketball team owners, and basketball association administrators, three lawyers, three people from the sport cloth and equipment business, three professional basketball team owners, and three Basketball association administrators. The qualifications are the experienced person, and have been related in the sport industry more than 3 years. The researchers gathered data from in-depth interviews by using the management process (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) approach. Findings: The result found the management model in 4 aspects, firstly, the planning is the goals and route, provoke and increase the plans and strategies for each step of the way. Secondly, the organizing establishes the system to coordinate and allocate a firm`s assets in an effort to perform its plans. Thirdly, leading by synchronization of the efforts of people and organizations for the cause of reaching organizational efficiency. Lastly, the controlling is the manner of the use of organizational assets to comprehend organizational objectives. Research Practical and Social Implication: The research study will be employing the protection of players' rights and interests in contract negotiations. Furthermore, the basketball agent able to transfer to the professionalization of the basketball industry through standardized agent practices. Moreover, the result of the research will be guideline for the sport agent to enhanced credibility and integrity of Thai basketball on the international stage. In term of the social implications, the result of the research study will reduction of exploitative practices and unethical behavior within the industry. Moreover, it will be empowerment of athletes to make informed decisions about their careers. In addition, it able to promote fair play and sportsmanship values in the basketball community. Originality/Value: The introduction of a structured basketball sport agent management model in Thailand offers a unique opportunity to enhance transparency and accountability in player representation, addressing existing gaps in regulation. By prioritizing the welfare and interests of athletes, this model has the potential to elevate the integrity and professionalism of the Thai basketball industry, ultimately fostering growth and sustainability. Its implementation serves as a pioneering step towards aligning with global standards while nurturing a more ethical and equitable environment for players, agents, and stakeholders alike.

Influence of trajectory and contrast on dynamic visual acuity in elite team sports players.

Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is considered an essential component for studying the visual function, especially in challenging environments like team sports. Beyond frequent comparative studies, much information is still lacking about the mechanisms underlying DVA and possible differences in stimulus presentation. It is crucial to understand the performance of DVA under different conditions of contrast and trajectories to achieve more specific data and better ecological validity of measurements. Fifty-five top professional male Spanish athletes, including 23 soccer, 14 basketball, and 18 water polo players were selected. Static visual acuity (SVA) was evaluated at 5 m. DVA was determined at 2 m under combined conditions of velocity (52°/s), three trajectories (horizontal, diagonal 45° and 135°) and two contrasts (99.7% and 13%). Significant differences in most DVA conditions measurements show that the best scores correspond to horizontal, over diagonal trajectories, and high contrast. The correlation between SVA and DVA showed a different relationship depending on the contrast conditions. Professional soccer, basketball, and water polo players have similar characteristics with reference to all the DVA evaluated conditions.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) in a Population of Professional Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders affect a large portion of the population worldwide. The musculoskeletal health questionnaire is a helpful tool for assessing the health state of patients with these disorders. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MSK_HQ-IT in a population of professional basketball players. The secondary aim is to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Material and Methods: The study was performed from September to October 2022. The questionnaire was completed using an online or paper form, to which personal data were collected. Data were collected by submitting a translated version of the musculoskeletal health questionnaire directly to professional athletes. Results: A total of 63 basketball players were recruited. Regarding functional limitations, the body parts mentioned by the sample were the left ankle (23.8%) and the right ankle (17.5%), followed by the lumbar column and right hip (15.9%). Regarding pain, the data are more homogeneous, with a distribution in line with functional limitations. A peak of pain was perceived in the left foot, with a mean score of 4. Cronbach's alpha showed a value of 0.85. Conclusions: The musculoskeletal health questionnaire shows promising results in evaluating the health state of a population of professional athletes. Further studies are needed to enlarge the sample and possibly open it to more categories of professional sports.

Effects in Sleep and Recovery Processes of NESA Neuromodulation Technique Application in Young Professional Basketball Players: A Preliminary Study

The competitive calendars in sports often lead to fluctuations in the effort-recovery cycle and sleep quality. NESA noninvasive neuromodulation, achieved through microcurrent modulation of the autonomic nervous system, holds promise for enhancing sleep quality and autonomic activation during stressful situations. The objective of this study was to analyze the sleep and recovery responses of basketball players over six weeks of training and competition, with the integration of NESA noninvasive neuromodulation. A preliminary experimental study involving 12 participants was conducted, with a placebo group (n = 6) and an intervention group (n = 6) treated with NESA noninvasive neuromodulation. Sleep variables and biomarkers such as testosterone, cortisol, and the cortisol:testosterone ratio were analyzed to assess player recovery and adaptations. Significant differences were observed in total, duration, and REM sleep variables (p-value= < 0.001; 0.007; <0.001, respectively) between the intervention and placebo groups. The intervention group demonstrated increased duration of sleep variables. Cortisol levels showed normalization in the experimental group, particularly in the last two weeks coinciding with the start of playoffs. This study highlights the potential of NESA noninvasive neuromodulation to enhance sleep quality despite challenging circumstances, providing valuable insights into the management of athlete recovery in competitive sports settings.

Basketball Anterior and Posterior Portal Veins Doppler Imaging of Sports Medicine Technique Exploration

INTRODUCTION: Basketball, as a high-intensity sport, has attracted much attention for its effects on the cardiovascular system of athletes. The anterior and posterior portal veins are some of the vital blood vessels in the human circulatory system, and their blood flow is closely related to the athletes' physical status. Doppler ultrasound technology is widely used in sports medicine and provides a powerful tool for an in-depth understanding of the effects of basketball on portal vein blood flow. This study aimed to explore the potential of sports medicine technology in assessing cardiovascular adaptations in athletes through portal Doppler imaging before and after basketball exercise.OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the effects of basketball exercise on portal vein blood flow in athletes before and after basketball exercise through the use of Doppler ultrasound technology. Specifically, this study aimed to explore the dynamics of pre- and post-exercise Doppler imaging of the posterior and posterior veins in order to assess the cardiovascular adaptations of athletes during exercise more comprehensively and objectively.METHODS: A group of healthy professional basketball players were selected as the study subjects, and Doppler ultrasound instruments were utilized to obtain portal Doppler images before, during, and after exercise. The functional status of the vasculature was assessed by analyzing parameters such as portal blood flow velocity and resistance index. At the same time, the physiological parameters of the athletes, such as heart rate and blood pressure, were combined to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of basketball on portal blood flow.RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the anterior and posterior portal blood flow velocities of the athletes changed significantly during basketball exercise. Before the exercise, the blood flow velocity was relatively low, while it rapidly increased and reached the peak state during the exercise. After exercise, blood flow velocity gradually dropped back to the baseline level. In addition, the change in resistance index also indicated that portal blood vessels experienced a particular stress and adaptation process during exercise.CONCLUSION: This study revealed the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system of athletes by analyzing the Doppler images of the portal vein before and after basketball exercise. Basketball exercise leads to significant changes in portal hemodynamics, which provides a new perspective for sports medicine. These findings are of guiding significance for the development of training programs for athletes and the prevention of exercise-related cardiovascular problems and provide a valuable reference for further research in the field of sports medicine.

Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Male Professional Basketball Players: Injury Mechanisms, Situational Patterns, and Biomechanics

Background: Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics that result in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in basketball players may support the design of more effective programs to mitigate the risk of injury. Purpose: To (1) describe the mechanisms, situational patterns, and gross biomechanics (kinematics) of ACL injuries in professional basketball matches using video analysis and (2) document the distribution of ACL injuries according to player position, phase of the match, and location on the court. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 38 ACL injuries in professional male European basketball leagues from the 2013-2014 to 2019-2020 seasons were identified. There were 36 (95%) injury videos analyzed for injury mechanisms and situational patterns, while biomechanical analysis was possible in 32 cases. Overall, 3 independent reviewers evaluated each video. Data according to player position (n = 38), phase of the match (n = 38), and location on the court (n = 36) were evaluated. Results: More injuries occurred while attacking (n = 25 [69%]) than defending (n = 11 [31%]). There was 1 (3%) direct contact injury, 21 (58%) indirect contact injuries, and 14 (39%) noncontact injuries. Most injuries (83%) occurred during 3 main situations: offensive cut (n = 17 [47%]), landing from a jump (n = 8 [22%]), and defensive cut (n = 5 [14%]). Injuries generally involved knee flexion (with minimal hip/trunk flexion and reduced plantarflexion) in the sagittal plane and knee valgus loading in most cases (75%). A similar number of injuries occurred during the first (53%) and second (47%) halves of the match, with a higher prevalence in the second (37%) and fourth (34%) quarters. Half of the injuries occurred during the first 10 minutes of effective playing time. More injuries occurred in guards (58%), and 73% of all injuries occurred in the scoring zone. Conclusion: Indirect contact was the main injury mechanism found in male professional basketball players. The offensive cut was the most common situational pattern. Biomechanical analysis confirmed a multiplanar mechanism, with knee loading in the sagittal plane accompanied by dynamic valgus. More injuries occurred in the first 10 minutes of a player's effective playing time, within the scoring zone, and among guards.

Infective endocarditis following wisdom tooth extraction in a pro-fessional basketball player with bicuspid aortic valve

Infective endocarditis following wisdom tooth extraction in a pro-fessional basketball player with bicuspid aortic valve

Vertical Jump and Relative Strength are Strongly Associated with Change of Direction in Professional Male Basketball Players

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of change of direction (COD) in highly trained/national level male basketball players using field assessments.
 Methods: Eight professional male basketball players (age: 24.0 ± 5.5 years; body mass index (BMI): 24.1 ± 1.6 kg m-2) volunteered for participation in this study. All the evaluations were carried out during 2 sessions as follows: First day_1) body composition, 2) unilateral and bilateral squat jump (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ), and 3) Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1); Second day_1) COD performance, and 2) one repetition maximum (1RM) hang clean (HC) and bench press (BP). A linear regression was performed to evaluate the determinants of COD amongst all other measured variables. Furthermore, we applied Pearson correlation coefficient and in the case of non-normally distributed variables, Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the selected variables.
 Results: The linear regression indicated that only SJ height was a significant determinant of COD (R2 = 58.8%, p = 0.016). Significant correlations were identified between COD test and SJ (r = -0.75, p = 0.034; very large), and relative HC 1 RM (r = -0.74, p = 0.038; very large).
 Conclusions: The associations found between COD performance and physical parameters should be considered when developing athletic conditioning programs. Especially, the vertical jump heigh could explain the greatest variability in COD performance..

Comparison of the Saccadic Eye Movement Ability of Female Professional Basketball Players and Non-Athletes

Athletes, particularly ball game players, benefit from focusing on fast-moving visual targets. In this study, we hypothesized that athletes, specifically professional basketball players, exhibit more accurate saccadic eye movements compared to non-athletes. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the eye movements of eight female professional basketball players from the Niigata Albirex BB (basketball player group) and compared them to eight sex-matched healthy volunteers from a previous study. Eye movements were measured using the Eye Score device. The visual target moved continuously for 20 s at a speed of 100 degrees/s in regular triangular wave-like movements horizontally. The subjects tracked the visual targets with maximum accuracy. The total amplitudes of evoked eye movements during tracking were 37.96 ± 0.82 for the basketball player group and 27.74 ± 2.55 deg (mean ± SEM) for the non-athlete group, indicating a significant difference. These findings suggest that basketball players may achieve accurate saccades by employing predictive saccades. The saccades of the basketball players were concentrated at the fifth frame (0.17 s after the onset of target motion), exhibiting a more peaked distribution than the normal curve. The results imply that athletes may execute predictive saccades when tracking targets with predictable movements, even outside of actual competition.

Comfort and wearability properties of custom-made and boil-and-bite mouthguards among basketball players: A randomized parallel arm clinical trial.

Thermoplastic mouthguards have been a reliable means of protection against impacts and shocks for a century. Although orofacial injuries are prevalent among basketball players, many athletes still avoid using mouthguards due to concerns regarding impaired breathing, speech interference, and nausea. This study aims to compare basketball players' subjective assessments of two different thicknesses of custom-made mouthguards (MGs) with boil-and-bite MGs (B&B MG). A total of 60 systematically healthy male professional basketball players, without active orthodontic treatment, were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 (received B&B MGs; n = 20), Group 2 (received custom-made MGs with a 3 mm thickness [ethyl vinyl asetat]; n = 20), and Group 3 (received custom-made MGs with a 5 mm thickness; n = 20). To evaluate MG comfort and usability, 12 key factors, including comfort, fit, stability, tiredness, thirsting, oral dryness, nausea, speaking, breathing, drinking, ease of wear and removal, and inclination to chew, were assessed. The athletes were made to rate these factors using a 10 cm-long Visual Analog Scale, measured at three-time intervals, and the values for both inter-group and intra-group were compared. Data from 48 basketball players were retrieved, and data analysis revealed that B&B MGs had the least favorable parameter values. Among the B&B MG group, stability was reported to be poorer during the initial measurement (p < .05). In the second measurement, B&B MGs showed significantly lower values for comfort, stability, tiredness, speaking, and inclination to chew (p < .05). During the third measurement, the B&B MG group exhibited significantly reduced values for comfort, breathing, drinking, and speaking (p < .05). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between 3 and 5 mm thickness MGs in these measurements. Custom-made MGs with different thicknesses consistently outperformed B&B MGs in all measurements, indicating the potential to tailor MG thickness based on sport, age, professional level of athlete, and presence of other protective equipment. While custom-made mouthguards are considered the gold standard, dentists who provide B&B MGs can lead to cost savings while maintaining protection and encouraging athletes to use higher-quality custom-made mouthguards.

The Problems and Solutions for Chinese Basketball Association

Under the background of the slow and lack of development of Chinese basketball, Chinese basketball fans are so desperate to get better performances in national games like the Olympics. Now, the Chinese National Basketball Team (National Team in the later content) is only ranking 4th in Asia and 28th in the world. Almost all players in the National Team are selected by the league called Chinese Basketball Association (CBA), which is the finest and most well-known basketball league in China, and also is the first choice for most professional Chinese basketball players. Although it is the finest basketball league in China, there are still various problems existing. These problems have a strong and negative effect on the National Team. So this paper mainly points out three problems now existing in CBA: (1) the influx of talented players is not enough, (2) the problems of referees and players, and (3) lack of humanistic concerns. Then, give out the solutions of making policies, setting up players associations, organizing more competitions, considering social problems, and helping more poor children with basketball dreams.

Pupillometry as a new window to player fatigue? A glimpse inside the eyes of a Euro Cup Women's Basketball team.

A rapidly emerging area of interest in high-pressure environments is that of pupillometry, where handheld quantitative infrared pupillometers (HQIPs) are able to track psycho-physiological fatigue in a fast, objective, valid, reliable, and non-invasive manner. However, the application of HQIPs in the context of athlete monitoring is yet to be determined. Therefore, the main aim of this pilot study was to examine the potential usefulness of a HQIP to monitor game-induced fatigue inside a professional female basketball setting by determining its (1) test-retest repeatability, (2) relationship with other biomarkers of game-induced fatigue, and (3) time-course from rested to fatigued states. A non-ophthalmologic practitioner performed a standardized Pupil Light Reflex (PLR) test using a medically graded HQIP among 9 professional female basketball players (2020-2021 Euro Cup) at baseline, 24-h pre-game (GD-1), 24-h post-game (GD+1) and 48-h post-game (GD+2). This was repeated over four subsequent games, equalling a total of 351 observations per eye. Two out of seven pupillometrics displayed good ICCs (0.95-0.99) (MinD and MaxD). Strong significant relationships were found between MaxD, MinD, and all registered biomarkers of game-induced fatigue (r = 0.69-0.82, p < 0.05), as well as between CV, MCV, and cognitive, lower-extremity muscle, and physiological fatigue markers (r = 0.74-0.76, p < 0.05). Three pupillometrics were able to detect a significant difference between rested and fatigued states. In particular, PC (right) (F = 5.173, η2 = 0.115 p = 0.028) and MCV (right) (F = 3.976, η2 = 0.090 p = 0.049) significantly decreased from baseline to GD+2, and LAT (left) (F = 4.023, η2 = 0.109 p = 0.009) significantly increased from GD-1 to GD+2. HQIPs have opened a new window of opportunity for monitoring game-induced fatigue in professional female basketball players. However, future research initiatives across larger and heterogenous samples, and longer investigation periods, are required to expand upon these preliminary findings.

Weekly Fluctuations in, and Associations Between, Salivary Hormone Responses, Load, and Well-Being During the Pre-season in Professional Male Basketball Players

Weekly Fluctuations in, and Associations Between, Salivary Hormone Responses, Load, and Well-Being During the Pre-season in Professional Male Basketball Players

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALIVARY BIOMARKERS AND EXTERNAL LOAD IN PROFESSIONAL MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS DURING A GAME

In a sport-specific setting, the external load represents the cumulative amount of stress placed on the athlete during a specific activity, while the internal load describes the athlete’s individual physiological response to that particular activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between external load measured with a tri-axial accelerometer and salivary testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C) as measures of internal load during a 5-on-5 basketball game. Six professional male basketball players volunteered to participate in the investigation (age=28.3±1.9 years; height=193.3±10.6 cm; body mass=90.7±10.7 kg). Upon completing a standardized warm-up protocol, athletes played a simulated basketball game composed of four 10-minute quarters with the Elam Ending. Each athlete wore a tri-axial inertial measurement unit (StriveTech, Bothell, WA, USA) embedded within tightly fitted compression shorts throughout the competitive period. The salivary samples were collected immediately upon arrival at the gym and immediately after each quarter. To determine the relationship between the external load and T, C, and T/C, separate restricted maximum likelihood linear mixed-effects models were fitted (p&lt;0.05). External load demonstrated a strong positive relationship with C (p&lt;0.001, F=49.03, R2=0.59, R2CI=0.36-0.78) and a strong negative relationship with T/C (p&lt;0.001, F=56.53, R2=0.61, R2CI=0.39-0.79). Overall, these findings simply that C may be a valuable biomarker for assessing the summative psychophysiological stress experienced during competitive 5-on-5 basketball play as a gradual rise in C was observed along with accumulating external loads.

A video-based time-motion analysis of an elite male basketball team during a season: game demands according to player position, game quarter, and actual time played

ABSTRACTTo investigate differences in the game demands of top-level professional basketball players based on their position and the quarter of the game. Thirteen elite male players were assessed on their positions (point guard, guard, forward, and centre) over different quarters (Q1-Q4) during 15 home games. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed using role and quarters as predictors to assess distances, speeds, and accelerations. The guard and point guard covered more distance than the centre and forwards (p > 0.001). The average distance covered was higher (p < 0.01) in Q4 than in the other quarters. Both speed and the percentage of time spent in the jogging to max speed range decreased significantly from Q1 to Q4, while time spent standing and walking tended to increase from Q1 to Q4. The point guard spent the highest percentage of total time performing major accelerations followed by the guard, while the forwards and centre spent less time performing accelerations. Overall, 22.8 ± 0.7% of total playing time was spent performing major accelerations, which decreased from Q1 to Q4. These findings suggest that the positions of elite basketball players vary in terms of the activities demands they place on players, underscoring the need for individualised role-based conditioning.

Differences in countermovement vertical jump force-time metrics between starting and non-starting professional male basketball players.

With force plates being widely implemented for neuromuscular performance assessment in sport-specific settings and various force-time metrics being able to differentiate athletes based on their performance capabilities, the purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) characteristics between starting and non-starting professional male basketball players (e.g., ABA League). Twenty-three athletes (height = 199.2 ± 7.7 kg, body mass = 94.2 ± 8.2 kg, age = 23.8 ± 4.9 years) volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Upon completion of a standardized warm-up protocol, each athlete performed three maximal-effort CVJs without an arm swing while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz. Independent t-tests were used to examine statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in each force-time metric between starters (n = 10) and non-starters (n = 13). No significant differences in any of the CVJ force-time metrics of interest were observed between the two groups, during both the eccentric and concentric phases of the movement (i.e., impulse, duration, peak velocity, and mean and peak force and power). Moreover, starters and non-starters demonstrated similar performance on CVJ outcome (e.g., jump height) and strategy metrics (e.g., countermovement depth). Overall, these findings suggest that at the professional level of play, the ability to secure a spot in the starting lineup is not primarily determined by the players' CVJ performance characteristics.

Increased game frequency period crossing Ramadan intermittent fasting decreases fat mass, sleep duration, and recovery in male professional basketball players

Background Increased basketball game frequency may affect athlete performances, especially during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The objective of the present investigation was to assess the impacts of increased game frequency periods crossing the RIF on body composition, sleep habits, indices of well-being, recovery state, and dietary intake in professional male basketball players. Methods Twenty-eight professional basketball players participated in this study and were divided into increased-games-frequency (INCR) or normal-games-frequency (NORM) groups. INCR trained four times and completed two games per week, whereas NORM completed only one game per week. During the first and fourth weeks of RIF, the following variables were assessed: internal load (weekly session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), heartrate (HR)), dietary intake, body composition, sleep quality (PSQI survey), well-being indices questionnaire (sleep, fatigue, stress, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)), and recovery state with the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) questionnaire. Results The internal load significantly increased after 4 weeks of RIF in INCR compared to NORM (p &lt; 0.001). Significant decrease of TQR, sleep duration, and a significant increase of DOMS only for INCR (26.93%, p &lt; 0.001, ES = 0.48, small; 33.83%, p &lt; 0.001, ES = 0.40, small; 161.17%, p &lt; 0.001, ES = 0.32, small; respectively). Significant group × time interaction was observed for body mass (p = 0.006, ES = 0.46, small) and body fat percentage (p = 0.025, ES = 0.33, small), with INCR having a greater decrease in all these values. Conclusion Increased game frequency period crossing RIF decreases fat mass, sleep duration, and recovery in professional basketball players, which may consequently affect performance and health.

Training to Compete: Are Basketball Training Loads Similar to Competition Achieved?

Basketball players should train at intensities similar to those recorded in competition, but are the intensities really similar? This study aimed to quantify and compare the internal and external intensities assimilated by professional basketball players, both in training and in competition, according to context and the specific player position. Players from the same team in the Spanish ACB competition were monitored for three weeks. The sample recorded intensities in 5 vs. 5 game situations in both training (n = 221) and competition (n = 32). The intensities, as dependent variables, were classified into kinematic external workload demands (distances, high-intensity displacements, accelerations, decelerations, the acceleration:deceleration ratio, jumps, and landings), neuromuscular external workload demands (impacts and player load), and internal workload demands (heart rate). They were measured using inertial measurement devices and pulsometers. The playing positions, as independent variables, were grouped into guard, forward, and center. According to the context, the results reported a significant mismatch of all training intensities, except jumps, with respect to competition; these intensities were lower in training. According to the playing position, inside players recorded more jumps and landings per minute than point guards and outside players in training. In turn, inside players recorded a higher average heart rate per minute than outside players in this same context. There were no significant differences in intensity according to the playing position in the competition. Considering the context–position interaction, no differences were observed in the intensities. Adjusting and optimizing training intensities to those recorded in competition is necessary.

Research on Training Methods for Improving Basketball Players' Performance

Basketball is a popular sport, with a large number of people participating in it. There are more than hundreds and thousands of professional basketball players. This paper mainly focuses on how to improve their sporting performance by training, particularly sensitivity, explosive power and endurance. The main research method is reading articles. According to the reading sources, this article summarizes that different aspects of purpose have different training methods. For sensitivity, players can do rope ladder training, including high knees and leapfrog. Regarding explosive power, players can do some resistance exercises and rope jumping. Regarding endurance, players can do some long-lasting training. There are many things that should be noticed. Stretching before and after training helps avoid muscle adhesion; obtaining enough water and nutrients to recover from energy loss; and resting well in order to avoid muscle fatigue.

Pre-Post Practice Changes in Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics in Professional Male Basketball Players.

Cabarkapa, D, Cabarkapa, DV, Philipp, NM, Knezevic, OM, Mirkov, DM, and Fry, AC. Pre-post practice changes in countermovement vertical jump force-time metrics in professional male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): e609-e612, 2023-Despite the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) being one of the most popular noninvasive and time-efficient methods for monitoring neuromuscular status, there is a lack of scientific literature focused on examining fatigue-induced alterations in performance in elite athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine changes in force-time metrics pre-post practice in professional male basketball players. Seventeen athletes competing in first-tier and second-tier national basketball leagues in Europe participated in this study. While standing on a uniaxial force plate sampling at 1,000 Hz, each athlete completed 3 CVJs pre-practice and post-practice. The practice consisted of individual and team shooting drills, position-specific player development drills, 5-on-0 offensive actions, and 5-on-5 play, including full-court transition (∼2 hours). The findings reveal that pre-post practice changes in force-time metrics seem to be phase specific. Despite a trivial increase in eccentric mean force (920.4 ± 100.2, 929.4 ± 100.0 N), most changes were observed within the concentric phase of the CVJ. The concentric phase duration increased pre-post practice (0.233 ± 0.027, 0.242 ± 0.033 seconds), whereas concentric impulse (262.9 ± 18.8, 258.6 ± 21.6 N·s), peak velocity (2.93 ± 0.22, 2.86 ± 0.22 m·s-1), mean force (2052.4 ± 179.2, 2002.7 ± 188.2 N), mean power (3,165.5 ± 269.5, 3,030.9 ± 326.8 W), and peak power (5,523.4 ± 607.3, 5,246.6 ± 663.7 W) experienced a significant decrease. Moreover, alongside longer contraction time (0.663 ± 0.065, 0.686 ± 0.074 seconds), lower vertical jump height (41.0 ± 6.8, 38.9 ± 6.6 cm) and reactive strength index-modified (0.634 ± 0.113, 0.579 ± 0.111 m·s-1) values were observed post-practice. Overall, these findings may allow practitioners to detect fatigue-induced changes in CVJ force-time metrics in professional male basketball players that can ultimately improve the acute and longitudinal training-adaptation monitoring process.