Professional Background Research Articles

Engaging Interdisciplinary Innovation Teams in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

To foster bottom-up innovations, health care organizations are leveraging interdisciplinary frontline innovation teams. These teams include workers across hierarchical levels and professional backgrounds, pooling diverse knowledge sources to develop innovations that improve patient and worker experiences and care quality, equity, and costs. Yet, these frontline innovation teams experience barriers, such as time constraints, being new to innovation, and team-based role hierarchies. We investigated the practices that such teams in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) used to overcome these barriers. Our 20-month study of two FQHC innovation teams provides one of the first accounts of how practices that sustained worker engagement in innovation and supported their ideas to implementation evolve over time. We also show the varied quantity of engagement practices used at different stages of the innovation process. At a time when FQHCs face pressure to innovate amid staff shortages, our study provides recommendations to support their work.

The authorship origins of accounting information systems and emerging technologies research: An analysis of accounting information systems journals

This article examines the authorship origins of accounting information systems (AIS) and emerging technologies (ET) research from 2004 to 2021 in six journals: Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting (JETA), Journal of Information Systems (JIS), International Journal of Accounting Information Systems (IJAIS), International Journal of Digital Accounting Research (IJDAR), Accounting Information Systems Educator Journal (AISEJ), and Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance, and Management (ISAFM). This study contributes to the understanding of AIS and ET research by conducting a comprehensive analysis of 1,101 research articles published in these AIS journals by authors’ employer and doctoral country, employer institutions, doctoral institutions, doctoral disciplines, author type, and by AIS and ET classifications. The aim of this study is to identify the historically most productive and influential countries and institutions in the AIS and ET domain and to discover the educational and professional background of AIS and ET researchers, respectively. The findings of this study provide helpful information for job seekers, prospective Ph.D. students, researchers seeking co-authorship, and those interested in this literature and serve as a valuable supplement to the existing bibliometric analysis of AIS literature.

Teaching dossier guidance for professional faculty: an evidence-based approach for demonstrating teaching effectiveness

This research delves into the challenging paradox facing university faculty: they are often hired with minimal formal teacher training yet must exhibit teaching effectiveness when seeking promotion or tenure. This issue becomes particularly salient for educators with non-traditional, professional backgrounds who must demonstrate pedagogical competence despite lacking conventional academic training. This study examines teaching dossier guidelines employed by prominent universities that hire permanent teaching-focused business faculty who may have diverse, non-traditional backgrounds. For example, a Chartered Professional Accountant who trained in a public accounting firm and worked as a Chief Financial Officer of a public energy company or a sales executive who led the business development department of a large company likely do not possess the same academic training of a doctorate degree like other academics; however, such professional faculty may possess relevant experience and skills to teach accounting or marketing, respectively, to post-secondary students effectively. Our analysis identifies recurring recommendations for faculty to incorporate into their teaching dossiers, encompassing elements such as summaries of teaching responsibilities, documentation of course development or modification, creation of instructional materials, ongoing pedagogical improvement endeavors, outstanding teaching materials, articulation of teaching philosophies, and evidence of collegial collaboration and support. Our findings reveal a disconnect in understanding and recognizing the significance of teaching and teaching dossiers. In light of these observations, this paper outlines the limitations inherent in the current system. It suggests promising avenues for future research within this domain. We aim to foster a more equitable and supportive environment for all faculty members engaged in the complex task of academic teaching.

Do pharmacists counsel customers on the disposal of unused or expired household medications? A national survey among 1,596 pharmacists in Indonesia

IntroductionPharmacists play a vital role in counseling customers on proper medication disposal, yet their consistency in providing such information is often lacking. This study aimed to assess pharmacists’ awareness of appropriate disposal practices for unused and expired household medications. Additional objectives included evaluating whether pharmacists offer disposal information during counseling, measuring their willingness to receive medication waste from the public, and identifying associated factors. MethodsA national cross-sectional online survey employing convenience sampling was conducted among pharmacists working in hospitals, pharmacies, clinics, or community health centers (CHCs) in Indonesia, using a validated questionnaire to assess awareness, information provision, and willingness to receive medications for disposal. Binary logistic regression, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and odds ratios (OR), explored potential associations between factors and outcomes. ResultsThis study involved 1,596 pharmacists across 37 Indonesian provinces. Most pharmacists were women (80.4 %), aged 31–40 years (49.3 %), with a pharmacist professional background (93.8 %), working in CHCs (41.2 %), and practicing for 1–5 years (51.0 %). More than half were unaware of guidelines for returning medications to health facilities. While 69.9 % never counseled customers on disposal practices, 64.9 % expressed willingness to receive unused and expired medication from the public. Pharmacists practicing for at least six years were more likely to provide disposal information during counseling (OR: 2.54; 95 % CI: 1.44–4.47). Conversely, those in clinics (OR: 2.16; 95 % CI: 1.29–3.62), CHCs (OR: 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.45–2.95), or hospitals (OR: 2.00; 95 % CI: 1.27–3.14) were more likely to be unwilling to receive expired and unused household medication. ConclusionsThe study reveals that most pharmacists, particularly those with limited practice duration, lacked awareness regarding the importance of proper medication disposal and did not provide counseling on appropriate medication disposal to patients. To address this issue, there is a pressing need for intensified education intensified education at the undergraduate level, continuous training for pharmacists, and a clear policy and practical guidelines, particularly targeting pharmacists in clinics, CHCs, and hospitals, to facilitate the acceptance of unused and expired household medications.

(039) Challenges in Transgender Care Through a Qualitative Lens: Provisional Results About Sexual Medicine Professionals´ Opinions

Abstract Introduction Transgender people’s health and healthcare have become one of the most important challenges in healthcare settings and policy making. The perspectives of transgender consumers are important to inform policymaking and the development of measures to diminish barriers to accessing and maintaining health care. However, the perspective of healthcare providers, namely clinicians, is less known and is important to take a comprehensive and collaborative stance to deliver the best healthcare. Objective To highlight the perspective of sexual medicine practitioners/sexologists involved in transgender healthcare on the challenges faced in providing transgender healthcare. Methods Following an initiative by the Portuguese Society for Clinical Sexology, we used a participatory research design involving experienced sexual medicine clinicians/sexologists and activists for transgender care to develop a study to collect sexologists' perceptions of the challenges they faced when providing health care to transgender people. After IRB approval, we used a cross-sectional qualitative design and disseminated an online survey among professional associations (e.g., the Portuguese Society of Andrology, Sexual Medicine and Reproduction). A total of 25 complete answers were collected from clinicians who act in transgender healthcare and whose professional background included: Clinical Psychology, Pediatric Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Endocrinology, Urology, Gynecology and Anesthesiology. Participants were, on average, 46 years old (SD = 12.38), had an average of 13 years (SD = 11.25) experience in Sexual Medicine/Clinical sexology and 11 years on average (SD = 10.38) of experience with transgender healthcare. Sociodemographic data was collected between January and June 2023, and four open questions were presented. The current study will report preliminary content analysis concerning the open question: “Which challenges have you encountered in your experience as a health professional acting clinically with transgender people?”. Results The preliminary content analysis revealed 6 main categories, each representing distinct and interrelated subcategories aggregating different codes. The main categories were: 1. Formal Institutional Challenges (e.g., lack of formal education concerning transgender care, lack of specific guidelines for primary care; long waiting lists); 2. Informal Institutional Challenges (e.g., lack of updated knowledge from other clinicians not directly involved in transgender care; non-responsiveness from colleagues, translating policies and international guidelines into practices); 3. Social Challenges (e.g., family stigma; social discrimination); 4. Patient’s Challenges (e.g., lack of compliance; hostility or negative expectations towards health professionals); 5. Personal limits (e.g., perseverative thinking about the timing and patients’ internalisation of information about surgery risks; feelings of strangeness towards non-binary bodies); 6. Clinical Challenges (e.g., presence of emotional disorders/psychopathology; establishing differential diagnosis). Conclusions The current preliminary and provisional results highlight that clinical sexologists involved in transgender healthcare face different challenges regarding their role. The interrelated themes and subthemes reveal that clinical sexologists acting in transgender care have a critical stance towards policy making, service management and the quality of professional education provided to clinicians. Stigmatisation by their colleagues towards transgender people is a focus of concern. Still, they also feel they experience patients’ hostility and clinical and ethical challenges when trying to provide the best standards of care with a lack of resources. Disclosure No.

The Scenario of Human Resources in Public Libraries: A Pakistani Perspective

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the human resources of public libraries in Pakistan. It was observed that LIS professionals administered most libraries; nevertheless, a sizable number of libraries were managed by personnel with no professional background. There needed to be more staff in public libraries, including LIS, IT, and nonprofessional staff. In the information age and global economy, our libraries fall short of preparing the population for the future, let alone the present. The concerned authorities should enhance the library’s workforce; professionals should administer the library to offer better services and IT experts should be hired to solve IT related issues.

Relationships among the volitional strategies, task values, and goal commitment of remedial teaching teachers and differences in teaching experience and professional background

Relationships among the volitional strategies, task values, and goal commitment of remedial teaching teachers and differences in teaching experience and professional background

Diabetic retinopathy: Knowledge, awareness, and practices in primary-care centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

With the growing incidence of diabetic-related complications such as retinopathy and the well-understood role of screening and telemedicine around the world in preventing and managing this potentially blinding disease, there comes the importance of awareness toward this silent eye condition. Awareness ideally should be raised both from the patients' and physicians' perspectives. This study aims to assess the awareness of primary care physicians (PCPs) towards diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its management. A survey considering professional background, knowledge, and practices was distributed electronically to all PCPs in the Kingdom of Bahrain and analyzed using SPSS Vs 21. A total of 83 physicians completed the survey; 81.9% were female and 96.4% were Bahraini. More than 60% of them accurately knew screening guidelines for type 1 and 2 DR. Of the total, 72.5% would refer patients to the ophthalmologist even if asymptomatic, and 97.6% correctly stated that a dilated eye exam is the method of choice most efficient for assessing DR. Nearly 60% knew about the current treatment modalities for DR and 91.3% knew about the presence of a national screening program in the Kingdom. The overall knowledge of DR was good with some potential gaps in information about screening. PCPs could benefit from regular refresher courses for more precise practices on screening and referral of retinopathy.

Voices of the career delayed: Korean millennial women's underemployed experience

South Korean Millennials have exceptional educational, cultural, and professional backgrounds compared to other generations, but they are overqualified and underemployed in the country's competitive job market. Moreover, Korean Millennial women face more complex forms of discrimination than Korean men. Thus far, most empirical studies have illuminated the problem of unemployment rather than that of underemployment, and studies of women in underemployment are even rarer still. This study employed a feminist methodological approach, conducting qualitative interviews in order to reveal well-educated Korean Millennial women's job experiences and how living in a male-dominated society and patriarchal system affects them. This study used thematic analysis to examine ten underemployed Korean Millennial women's job experiences. Through feminist qualitative interviews, the ten women not only revealed their experiences of being subjugated as women employees at work, they also highlighted both the negative and positive sides of being underemployed.

Human resources challenges in global health organizations: Managing a diverse and dispersed workforce

In the dynamic landscape of global health organizations, Human Resources (HR) faces unique challenges in managing a diverse and dispersed workforce. This review explores the multifaceted issues that HR professionals encounter while navigating the intricacies of global health settings. One of the foremost challenges is the diversity inherent in the workforce of global health organizations. These entities often bring together professionals from diverse cultural, educational, and professional backgrounds, creating a melting pot of perspectives and approaches. HR must devise strategies to foster inclusivity, address cultural differences, and promote effective communication to harness the collective strength of this diverse talent pool. Furthermore, the dispersed nature of global health organizations presents a logistical challenge for HR management. With teams spread across different geographic locations, time zones, and cultural contexts, coordinating and integrating human resources practices becomes inherently complex. Virtual collaboration tools and innovative communication strategies become imperative to bridge the geographical gaps and create a cohesive organizational culture. Managing talent retention and development in such a context becomes crucial. HR professionals need to design policies and programs that cater to the professional growth and well-being of employees regardless of their physical location. This involves implementing virtual training programs, mentorship initiatives, and performance evaluation systems that transcend geographical boundaries. Moreover, compliance with local and international labor laws adds another layer of complexity to HR management in global health organizations. Navigating the legal landscape and ensuring adherence to diverse regulatory frameworks require a nuanced approach and continuous monitoring. Human Resources faces a myriad of challenges in global health organizations, from fostering diversity and inclusion to navigating the complexities of a dispersed workforce. Successfully addressing these challenges demands a strategic and adaptive HR approach, leveraging technology, cultural sensitivity, and innovative practices to create a unified and thriving global health workforce.

The Role of the Dietitian within Family Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa (FT-AN): A Reflexive Thematic Analysis of Child and Adolescent Eating Disorder Clinician Perspectives.

Despite dietitians being important members of the multidisciplinary team delivering family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT-AN), their specific responsibilities and roles are unclear and their involvement in the treatment can be a contentious issue. Clinicians (n = 20) experienced in the delivery of FT-AN who were working at a specialist child and adolescent eating disorder service responded to an online survey about their experience of including a dietitian in FT-AN and how they understand the role. Both categorical and open-ended questions were used. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative free-text responses of clinician perspectives on the role of the dietitian in FT-AN. All clinicians agreed that dietetics had a role within FT-AN and most frequently sought dietetic involvement in the early phases of FT-AN. Reflexive thematic analysis of responses identified three main themes. These were (1) collaboration is key, (2) confidence as a core consideration and (3) case-by-case approach. These themes evidenced the role of the dietitian within FT-AN and highlighted both the benefits and concerns of this involvement. This study demonstrated that dietitians can take a core role as collaborators within therapy-led teams that facilitate joint working and sharing of expertise. However, dietetic input should be considered on a case-by-case basis, given its potential for creating an over-focus on nutrition and potentially diminishing parental confidence in feeding. When indicated for selected cases, nutritional counselling should be offered in joint sessions with the therapist rather than separately. The findings of the study were limited by the small sample size of participants recruited from a single centre and heterogeneity in the professional background of respondents. Although the integration of dietetics within the multidisciplinary team and the ability of dietitians to individualise patient care can enhance FT-AN treatment, potential benefits and disbenefits should be considered for each case.

Analysis of web design visual element attention based on user educational background

The evolution of Internet technology has led to an increase in online users. This study focuses on the pivotal role of visual elements in web content conveyance and their impact on user browsing behavior. Therefore, the use of visual elements in web design based on big data has aroused widespread concern among web designers, they apply visual elements to their web design works to make the web more attractive. This study examines the composition and distribution characteristics of key visual elements identified through user behavior data in a big data environment and discusses the use of visual elements in web design in the era of network economy. In addition, this paper issued 200 questionnaires to investigate the degree of attention to visual elements in web pages for users of different occupations and different educational backgrounds. Our survey indicated that visual elements captured the attention of 41% of corporate employees, whereas a mere 1% of social welfare workers focused on web content; 36% of undergraduates pay attention to visual elements of web pages, but only 5% and 4% of postgraduates and doctoral degrees and above. Therefore, the visual elements of the designed web page need to conform to the user's cultural background and professional background.

Toward inclusive leadership in meeting linguistic and cultural diversity in language education policy: “not giving up on parents and children”

ABSTRACT The study explores the practices of inclusive educational leadership of local policy makers in a city with a high level of linguistic and cultural diversity (LCD), during a process of policy change. The LCD of the city poses many challenges to managing preschool education. To rethink language ideology toward welcoming LCD, the city’s policymakers adopted an inclusive leadership framework and initiated an inclusive forum comprising policymakers from diverse cultural and professional backgrounds. The study focused on the change process, from an ethnographic perspective, with triangulation of data sources. It involved focus-group discussions, individual interviews with policymakers and classroom observations. The analysis revealed that collective agency enactment was characterized by critical reflections on past professional and personal experience; planning of changes in language education policy; high level of commitment to preschool pedagogical staffs and LCD families; practical steps in facing challenges of LCD classrooms; and future visions and long-term expectations from engagement in the stream of change. The study’s significance is in theoretical and practical understanding of policymakers’ collective agency and their role in creating an inclusive community.

Inter-rater reliability in the Testing methods of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) in Slovenian language

Background: Texture modification of drinks and food is a widespread clinical intervention for managing dysphagia. The descriptive and experiential approach to measurement is mainly used by healthcare professionals, caregivers, and patients. This study examines the inter-rater reliability of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) Testing methods on different food samples from the hospital’s central kitchen.
 Methods: Nine previously trained healthcare professionals of different professional backgrounds and working experiences independently evaluated 34 food samples in IDDSI levels 4, 5, 6, and 7.1, using a Slovenian translation of the IDDSI Audit Tools. The 12 descriptive food characteristics were observed during the two consecutive days of data collection, representing 7 IDDSI Testing Methods. The Fleiss’ Kappa was used as a measure of agreement.
 Results: Perfect agreement among raters was found for the Fork drip test regarding both observed parameters: dripping and holding shape. All ratings of participants were completely the same. Therefore, Fleiss’ Kappa is considered (κ =1) in both cases. Moderate agreement (κ = 0.583) was found in particle size assessment. Fair agreement was observed in the Fork Pressure Test (κ = 0.361) and Finger Test, indicating bolus separation (κ = 0.328), pressure (κ = 0.305), and moisture (κ = 0.297). Fair agreement was also found for the Fork/Spoon Separation Test (κ = 0.265) and the Spoon Tilt Test in parameters of holding shape on the spoon (κ =0.233) and stickiness (κ = 0.327). No statistically significant results were found in the assessment of adhesiveness (κ = 0.059) in the Spoon Tilt Test and assessment of a typical pattern (κ = 0.039) in the Fork Pressure Test.
 Conclusions: The study proved the Fork Drip Test to be a comprehensive and highly reliable assessment tool, while the other IDDSI Testing Methods showed low inter-rater reliability. The study highlights the risks of low agreement among raters. It draws attention to the IDDSI descriptors, which should be improved with additional instructions or standardised training protocol for learning the IDDSI Testing Methods.

PLAIN LANGUAGE INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL LANGUAGE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTROVERSIAL ARTICLES IN THE JOB CREATION LAW

Objective: This article discusses the plain language intervention to enhance public understanding of legal language, particularly regarding the controversial provisions of the Job Creation Law. Methodology: The research was conducted through a survey distributed to individuals from various educational and professional backgrounds. Theoretical framework: This research uses several simple language approaches such as, Bivins (2008); Mukherjee, et al. (2017); Wojcik (2013); and Wydick & Sloan (2019). This framework is used to intervene in legal language to make it simpler and easier to understand. Results and Conclusion: The questionnaire results indicated that 82.6% of respondents had a better understanding of the simplified (plain language) version of legal text, while only 17.4% understood the original legal language version. This correlated with a decrease in the lexical density index by 9.07 (25.11%) after the implementation of plain language. These findings demonstrate that the general public faces difficulties in comprehending legal language and expresses the desire for improvements in the use of simpler and more understandable legal language. Legal documents tend to be challenging to understand due to the extensive use of technical terms, long and complex sentences, and ambiguity in expressing legal meanings. Originality/Value: In the context of the Job Creation Law, the reduction in lexical density through the implementation of plain language has helped improve public understanding of legal language. However, there is a need for awareness and improvement in the use of legal language by policymakers and authorities to ensure that legal language is accessible to the general public.

Therapeutic inertia in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Limited information is available on how neurologists make therapeutic decisions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), especially when new treatments with different mechanisms of action, administration, and safety profile are being approved. Decision-making can be complex under this uncertainty and may lead to therapeutic inertia (TI), which refers to lack of treatment initiation or intensification when therapeutic goals are not met. The study aim was to assess neurologists' TI in NMOSD. An online, cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Neurology. Neurologists answered a survey composed of demographic characteristics, professional background, and behavioral traits. TI was defined as the lack of initiation or intensification with high-efficacy treatments when there is evidence of disease activity and was assessed through five NMOSD aquaporin-4 positive (AQP4+) simulated case scenarios. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between neurologists' characteristics and TI. A total of 78 neurologists were included (median interquartile range [IQR] age: 36.0 [29.0-46.0] years, 55.1% male, median [IQR] experience managing demyelinating conditions was 5.2 [3.0-11.1] years). The majority of participants were general neurologists (59.0%) attending a median (IQR) of 5.0 NMOSD patients (3.0-12.0) annually. Thirty participants (38.5%) were classified as having TI. Working in a low complexity hospital and giving high importance to patient's tolerability/safety when choosing a treatment were predictors of TI. TI is a common phenomenon among neurologists managing NMOSD AQP4+. Identifying TI and implementing specific intervention strategies may be critical to improving therapeutic decisions and patient care.

Prioritising barriers to women's professional advancement in urban planning in India

Providing equal opportunities for women in urban planning is not just about fairness but is also key to building better cities. The primary purpose of research is to identify 27 barriers under the seven categories in the Indian context and prioritise them by using a fuzzy analytical hierarchical process technique. In consequence, a group of experts are assisted in weighing and ranking the barriers by using the pair-wise comparison survey. The findings of the survey are addressed in accordance with the professional backgrounds, educational backgrounds and gender- and region-specific opinions of experts. The primary contribution of this study is the identification of barriers and their ranking by Indian urban planning experts to address the main issues preventing women from pursuing careers in urban planning advancement. This research opens the door for decision-maker, urban planners and city designers who build communities to bring women along in the built environment.

Human-centered design and evaluation of a workplace for the remote assistance of highly automated vehicles

Remotely operating vehicles utilize the benefits of vehicle automation when fully automated driving is not yet possible. A human operator ensures safety and availability from afar and supports the vehicle automation when its capabilities are exceeded. The remote operator, conceptualized as remote assistant, fulfills the legal requirements in Germany as a Technical Supervisor to operate highly automated vehicles at Society of Automotive Engineers 4. To integrate the remote operator into the automated driving system, a novel user-centered human–machine interface (HMI) for a remote assistant’s workplace was developed and initially evaluated. The insights gained in this process were incorporated into the design of a workplace prototype for remote assistance. This prototype was tested in the study reported here by 34 participants meeting the professional background criteria for the role of Technical Supervisor according to the German law. Typical scenarios that may occur in highly automated driving and require remote assistance were created in a simulation environment. Even under elevated cognitive load induced by simultaneously engaging in a secondary task, participants were able to obtain sufficient situation awareness and quickly resolve the scenarios. The HMI also yielded favorable usability and acceptance ratings. The results of this study inform the iterative workplace development and further research on the remote assistance of highly automated vehicles.

Impact of hospital architecture on the birthing experience: a phenomenological study with mothers-to-be who are design experts

The birthplace has a crucial role in shaping the childbirth experience and mothers' satisfaction levels. This study aimed to identify the experiences and perceptions that may have an impact in the long-term on mothers' birthing experience, considering hospital design features in the birthing environment until discharge. Inductive thematic analysis of twenty-five hospital labor testimonies employing a phenomenological research approach and utilizing a biographical method. Participants were women with a professional background in architecture, landscape architecture, engineering, or interior design. The results are organized into four themes and seven subthemes. The first theme is "First sight and long term impression" which is subdivided into the subthemes "Depersonalized itinerary in entrances and corridors" and "Instinctive search for connection with nature". The second theme deals with "Accompaniment and tucking in during the birthing process", subdivided into "Hotel-like: space for movement and personalized adaptation" and "Helplessness, cold and uncertainty: spaces to be against one's will". The third theme is "Damage in collateral rooms", which includes "The integration of toilets in the birthing process", "Operating rooms unchangeable in the face of cesarean delivery" and "Neonatal units that do not integrate families". Finally, the fourth theme includes "Improvement proposals for new designs". This study contributes to the existing literature by deepening the understanding of the design features identified in hospitals in recent studies. Further research incorporating the experiences of women in the birthing process is needed to facilitate evidence-based design policies.

Polish mental and sexual health specialists working with transgender and gender diverse persons - who are they and what is their background?

This study aimed to present the demographic and professional characteristics of Polish mental and sexual health specialists (MSHS) and their experience in clinical work with transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the LimeSurvey platform. A total of 239 MSHS with a diverse professional background, at different stages of their careers, with experience of working with TGD patients, completed the survey. Participants were asked to provide demographic (e.g., gender and sexual identity) and professional (e.g., knowledge of leading standards and guidelines of care) data. Descriptive statistics were used. The mean age of participants was 39.5 years (SD 7.92) and the majority were assigned female at birth (73.2%). The sample was composed predominantly of psychotherapists (70%), then psychologists (53%), medical doctors (31%) and certified sexologists (5.9%). The majority (72%) practised in large cities (>500,000); 68.6% reported female gender identity, 24.7% a male identity and 6.3% were TGD; 63.2% were heterosexual, 12.1% homosexual, 12.6% bisexual, and 12.1% reported other sexual identity. Both the significance of religion and religious practice were significantly decreased compared to general Polish population. Most participants declared that they either do not know the basic guidelines of care for TGD people at all or know them very little. The majority of MSHS rated their professional training as insufficient. People providing clinical services to TGD patients are a professionally diverse group. There is an urgent need to expand and intensify professional training directed at MSHS on topics related to the health care dedicated to TGD people.