Power Product Research Articles

Nontraditional Design of Dynamic Logics Using FDSOI for Ultra-Efficient Computing

In this paper, we propose a non-traditional design of dynamic logic circuits using Fully-Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FDSOI) FETs. FDSOI FET allows the threshold voltage ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_t</i> ) to be adjustable (i.e., low-Vt and high-Vt states) by using the back gate bias. Our design utilizes the front and back gates of an FDSOI FET as the input terminals and proposes the dynamic logic gates (like; NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XOR, and XNOR) and circuits (like; half adder and full adder). It requires fewer transistors to build dynamic logic gates and achieves high performance with low power dissipation compared to conventional dynamic logic designs. The compact industrial model of FDSOI FET (BSIM-IMG) has been used to simulate dynamic logic gates and is fully calibrated to reproduce the 14nm FDSOI FET technology node data. Calibration is performed for both electrical characteristics and process variations. The simulation results show an average improvement in transistor count, propagation delay, power, and power-delay product of 23.43%, 57.16%, 47.05%, and 77.29%, respectively, compared to the conventional designs. Further, our design reduces the charge sharing effect, which affects the drivability of the dynamic logic gates. In addition, we have analyzed the impact of the process, supply voltage, and load capacitance variations on the propagation delay of the dynamic logic family in detail. The results show that these variations have a minor impact on the propagation delay of the proposed FDSOI-based dynamic logic gates compared to the conventional dynamic logic gates.

WSTS Introduces New Category: WBG Discrete Power Products [Industry Pulse

WSTS Introduces New Category: WBG Discrete Power Products [Industry Pulse

Has the Wind Power Price Policy Promoted the High-Quality Development of China’s Wind Power Industry?—Analysis Based on Total Factor Productivity

The wind power price policy has promoted the rapid development of the wind power industry in China. However, China’s wind power industry is facing high-quality development problems such as wind curtailment and blind investment. Exploring the relationship between the change in wind power price policy and China’s high-quality development of wind power is of great significance for the energy system to achieve carbon neutrality. This paper constructs an SBM-GML global covariance model, calculates the total factor productivity of wind power in 30 provinces in China from 2015 to 2019 and conducts index decomposition, and selects provincial panel data from 2015 to 2019 to empirically test the impact of the wind power price policy on the total factor productivity of wind power in China. The results show that the wind power price policy can significantly improve the total factor productivity of wind power, and the results of the endogenous test and robustness test show the effectiveness of the model. The wind power price policy is helpful to promote the technological progress of wind power, affect the reduction of the price difference between wind power benchmark price and coal power benchmark price, and then promote the improvement of wind power total factor productivity so as to meet the policy requirements of wind power full grid parity. In addition, the impact of wind power price policy on the total factor productivity of wind power has obvious regional heterogeneity. Future price policy formulation should clarify industry development expectations, consider regional differences, and establish a sound, market-oriented electricity pricing mechanism.

Availability, sustainability and accessibility of agro crop residue production and solar radiation in Egypt for producing highly chemical products through pyrolysis processes

AbstractThis study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry. It also provides a comprehensive database on the biomass available from agricultural waste in Egypt and its potential applications for producing power, heat and chemical products. When biomass-pyrolysis systems powered by solar energy are used, research demonstrates the potential to convert agricultural waste into a variety of chemical compounds. This approach utilizes solar energy, a clean and renewable source, and has wide-ranging industrial and power generation applications. Despite Egypt’s reliance on agriculture, the country currently utilizes little biomass for energy production and has not previously used it as a source for creating chemical products, which could potentially save on the imported oil used in these industries. The findings of the study are graphically presented using histograms, pie charts, etc. The overall production of residues reached the 30-Mt level in 2019. Because it contains the most rice-cultivated land, Dakahlia (Lower Egypt region) produces the highest percentage of the total residue (37.17%). Qena governorate (Upper Egypt region) produces 1.14 metric tons of residues, with sugarcane accounting for 20.3% of the total.

Proposal of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based hybrid system: Energy, exergy and economic analyses and tri-objective optimization

This article presents energy, exergy and economic analyses and tri-objective optimization of a hybrid system that comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a recuperative-regenerative organic Rankine cycle. The novelty of this study is the utilisation of a recuperative-regenerative organic Rankine cycle rather than the basic configuration of the organic Rankine cycle to recover waste heat from the fuel cell. The simulation results showed that the proposed system generates a net power of 1195.6 kW, with an exergy efficiency of 44.37% and a product cost rate of 160.78 $/h at the base condition. The hybrid system is found to be more efficient and cost-effective as compared to a standalone fuel cell with 15.05% and 15.06% improvements in energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively, and a 9.28% decrement in unit product cost. The fuel cell is the component with maximum exergy destruction rate of 636.72 kW, accounting for 90.62% of the total exergy destruction. Further, it is also observed that the fuel cell accounts for 89.2% of the total levelized cost rate of the hybrid system. Then a tri-objective optimization is carried out on the system using Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm-II with net power output, exergy efficiency, and product cost rate as the objective functions. The optimization results showed that the proposed system generates a net power of 1271.52 kW, with an exergy efficiency of 49.48% and a product cost rate of 152.62 $/h. It implies that at the optimal conditions, the hybrid system's net power and exergy efficiency increased by 6.35% and 11.51%, respectively, and the product cost rate was reduced by 4.98%. Finally, this study showed that the inclusion of recuperative-regenerative organic Rankine cycle as compared to other organic Rankine cycle layouts improved the performance of the suggested hybrid system compared to similar other systems reported in the literature.

Two-Level Scheme for Identification of the Relaxation Time Spectrum Using Stress Relaxation Test Data with the Optimal Choice of the Time-Scale Factor.

The viscoelastic relaxation spectrum is vital for constitutive models and for insight into the mechanical properties of materials, since, from the relaxation spectrum, other material functions used to describe rheological properties can be uniquely determined. The spectrum is not directly accessible via measurement and must be recovered from relaxation stress or oscillatory shear data. This paper deals with the problem of the recovery of the relaxation time spectrum of linear viscoelastic material from discrete-time noise-corrupted measurements of a relaxation modulus obtained in the stress relaxation test. A two-level identification scheme is proposed. In the lower level, the regularized least-square identification combined with generalized cross-validation is used to find the optimal model with an arbitrary time-scale factor. Next, in the upper level, the optimal time-scale factor is determined to provide the best fit of the relaxation modulus to experiment data. The relaxation time spectrum is approximated by a finite series of power-exponential basis functions. The related model of the relaxation modulus is proved to be given by compact analytical formulas as the products of power of time and the modified Bessel functions of the second kind. The proposed approach merges the technique of an expansion of a function into a series of independent basis functions with the least-squares regularized identification and the optimal choice of the time-scale factor. Optimality conditions, approximation error, convergence, noise robustness and model smoothness are studied analytically. Applicability ranges are numerically examined. These studies have proved that using a developed model and algorithm, it is possible to determine the relaxation spectrum model for a wide class of viscoelastic materials. The model is smoothed and noise robust; small model errors are obtained for the optimal time-scale factors. The complete scheme of the hierarchical computations is outlined, which can be easily implemented in available computing environments.

Cost management of power grid transmission and substation project based on BIM technology

Abstract With the rapid development of China’s electric power industry, the cost management of electric power projects, which is closely related to the power grid transmission and substation projects, has become more and more important. Do a good investment feasibility analysis of power projects. Optimize power engineering design. Reasonable determination of power project cost and effective control of power project cost are the main problems to be solved by the project cost management of power grid transmission and transformation projects. In this paper, DCN-BIM model is established based on DCN algorithm as the theory. A detailed calculation and analysis of the influencing factors and stage share of the cost management of power grid transmission and substation projects is carried out. Through calculation, it can be seen that the share of power products in the project cost is about 15.43% due to their special characteristics. The lowest cost share in the project cost is the project tender. Its share is only 10.03%. The highest cost share is for equipment materials. Its cost share is as high as 51.34%. The design phase accounted for 23% of the cost. The lowest cost share in the bidding phase was only 21%.

Electricity consumption estimation with differential polynomial and artificial neural networks: Case of Türkiye

Electrical energy is one of the indicators that express the welfare and modernization level of countries. It is a type of energy that needs to be consumed as soon as it is produced and is cumbersome to store. For this reason, the estimation accuracy of the consumption demand is important in order to meet the supply. In this study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which are frequently used in applications, and Differential Polynomial Neural Networks (D-PNN), a new type of neural network, are compared in the electricity consumption estimating problem. While comparing the methods, the independent variable data of exports, imports, population, installed power, and gross domestic product were used as the inputs of the models, and the electricity consumption values of Türkiye in a certain time interval were estimated. As a result of the comparisons, it was seen that the D-PNN method gave good results in performance criteria, ranging from 52.5% to 58.8%, compared to ANN.

Low power resource efficient CORDIC enabled neuron architecture using 45 nm CMOS technology

In this paper problem is addressed in the current study by providing resource-efficient CORDIC enabled neuron architecture (RECON) that can be customized to calculate both block of multiply-accumulate (MAC) unit and non-linear activation function (AF) operations. The CORDIC-enabled architecture implements MAC and AF operations using linear and trigonometric relationships, respectively. All physical parameters of the proposed design are built and verified using Cadence Virtuoso @ 45 nm technology. As compared to the conventional art of MAC design, our implementation of the signed fixed-point 8-bit MAC results in a 70% reduction in area, latency, and power product (ALP), as well as a 45 percent reduction in area, a 28% reduction in power dissipation, and a 20% reduction in latency. Both the process adjustments and the device mismatch are subjected to Monte-Carlo simulations. The proposed design is based on resource-intensive components such as multipliers and non-linear Activation Functions, modern hardware implementations of DNNs require more space (AFs). To access input features, weights, and biases, and improved on-chip quantized log2 based memory addressing approach is implemented. The bandwidth needs of DNNs' external memory are therefore decreased and dynamically adjusted. The Taylor series is also used to extract intensive higher speed and resource-efficient memory components for the various activation functions, and its order expansion has been altered for increased test accuracy. The MNIST dataset is used in earlier studies.

Insights from Poland on the long-run effect of energy productivity on environmental degradation: a Fourier ARDL-based approach

The globally increasing trend of fossil fuel consumption has culminated in a historical degradation of the environment and the rising threat of global warming. Researchers and policymakers aim at examining critical relationships between energy productivity and environmental degradation to make recommendations for global policy action. This paper aims to capture the effect of energy productivity on environmental degradation in Poland from 1990Q1 to 2019Q4, using novel Fourier-bases ADF unit root and Fourier-based ARDL approaches. First, outcomes of the Fourier ARDL bounds test indicate that variables are integrated; second, outcomes of the Fourier ARDL long-run estimates indicate that (i) energy productivity has long-run negative effects on CO2 emissions; and (ii) economic growth, globalization, and primary energy consumption have positive effects on CO2 emissions. Among the options available to Polish policymakers are (i) liberalizing domestic energy markets to offer an opportunity for electricity consumers to switch companies and (ii) continuing to pursue a policy of decarbonizing energy supply by investing heavily in renewable energy, nuclear power, e-mobility, and energy productivity.

Hall Effect at the Focus of an Optical Vortex with Linear Polarization.

The tight focusing of an optical vortex with an integer topological charge (TC) and linear polarization was considered. We showed that the longitudinal components of the spin angular momentum (SAM) (it was equal to zero) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) (it was equal to the product of the beam power and the TC) vectors averaged over the beam cross-section were separately preserved during the beam propagation. This conservation led to the spin and orbital Hall effects. The spin Hall effect was expressed in the fact that the areas with different signs of the SAM longitudinal component were separated from each other. The orbital Hall effect was marked by the separation of the regions with different rotation directions of the transverse energy flow (clockwise and counterclockwise). There were only four such local regions near the optical axis for any TC. We showed that the total energy flux crossing the focus plane was less than the total beam power since part of the power propagated along the focus surface, while the other part crossed the focus plane in the opposite direction. We also showed that the longitudinal component of the angular momentum (AM) vector was not equal to the sum of the SAM and the OAM. Moreover, there was no summand SAM in the expression for the density of the AM. These quantities were independent of each other. The distributions of the AM and the SAM longitudinal components characterized the orbital and spin Hall effects at the focus, respectively.

Locating Masculinities in Border Policies of Nation State

ABSTRACT As public policies are tools of nation states that greatly influence and determine lives of people, its intersection with gender is extremely relevant to comprehend unequal social relations and inclusivity. There is a huge lacuna in the domain of research required to detect and locate the presence, productivity and permeation of power, which makes a nation state essentially masculine. This paper locates masculine attributes in the functioning of nation state by juxtaposing public policies pertaining to borders with fieldwork done in Punjab borderlands and demonstrates a practical approach where mainstream policies, which are often portrayed as disembodied entities, are mapped with gender using content analysis to unravel their masculine underpinnings. With the aid of some key policy documents such as – Border Area Development Programme, Policy and Procedure for return of Ex-Militants to Jammu and Kashmir State, and The Armed Forces Special Powers Act, our analysis finds that masculinity emerges from distinct policy contexts and its positioning is varied depending on its end goals. The policies tend to read more masculine when the goal is to eliminate or reduce threats to the sovereignty of state.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION FURNACES (REVIEW)

The purpose of the research was to carry out a critical analysis of the structural and technological design of the process of incineration of municipal solid waste» (MSW). Data on the volume of solid waste generation in the world, Ukraine and Kyiv are given, the need to improve ways of effective solid waste management, in particular their disposal, is shown. A classification of furnaces and furnaces for solid waste burning has been developed. Designs of the specified technological equipment were analyzed depending on the power (productivity), the nature of the MSW incineration process over time, the possibility of movement in space, as well as the mechanism of the incineration process. A critical review of the most common designs of furnaces and furnaces, including layer, rotary, fluidized bed, cyclone, shaft, with a liquid melt bath, as well as floor furnaces and furnaces, is performed. A critical review of the most common designs of furnaces and furnaces, including layer, rotary, fluidized bed, cyclone, shaft, with a liquid melt bath, as well as floor furnaces and furnaces, is performed. This review is primarily based on a critical analysis of scientific and technical sources of information and, above all, patent information of the leading countries of the world, since it is the patent documentation that provides information on innovative developments in the relevant field of engineering and technology. Analysis of the current state and prospects for the use of furnaces and furnaces for MSW incineration shows that the appropriate technological equipment for MSW incineration, as one of the simplest and most effective for obtaining thermal and/or electrical energy and disposing of waste, will be used for solid waste processing for a long time to come. The main efforts are aimed at creating high-performance universal energy-efficient equipment, characterized by low material consumption, ease of maintenance and low negative impact on the environment and human health. Bibl. 62, Fig. 17.

Neglecting the Marginalized: Corporate Valuation Discourses in Environmental Struggles

Abstract The unequal distribution of environmental goods and pollution burdens is determined by valuation decisions dependent on the values present in the public sphere. Accordingly, corporations and movements of resistance adopt strategies to influence public value systems to prioritize their interests. However, pre-existing asymmetric relationships of power grant corporations a dominant position over the public sphere, eschewing environmental management towards instrumental and transactional modes of valuation. The hegemonic valuation of the environment is thus a product and source of power, and a key element for the reproduction of systems of oppression. This article will discuss the mechanisms used by extractive corporations to neglect alternative value systems, illustrated with examples from the oil giant TotalEnergies.

Analysis of NASA POWER reanalysis products to predict temperature and precipitation in Euphrates River basin

Receiving climate data from observed ground stations is typically difficult and expensive. This study compares observed data from 9 dispersed weather stations across the Euphrates River Basin, Iraq, to NASA POWER reanalysis products for daily, monthly, and annual precipitation, maximum (Tmax), and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures. Results demonstrated well-reliable for each of the NASA POWER products and observed data for all parameters. The coefficient of determination (R2) for precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature, respectively, ranges from 0.74 to 0.91, 0.74 to 0.94, and 0.72 to 0.95. The respective ranges for the Nash and Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSE) are 0.74 to 0.84, 0.63 to 0.85, and 0.4 to 0.75. Comparatively, the mean bias error (MBE) lies within the ranges of 0.19 to 1.61, −0.53 to +0.03, and +0.37 to +1.5, respectively. For precipitation products, NASA POWER has produced results on three different timescales that are satisfactory. The accuracy of the NASA product was good in humid regions of the west and northwest, but it declined in arid, and semi-arid regions, like the desert. Results demonstrate that NASA POWER can be effective in creating weather data sets in the absence or inaccessibility of ground weather station data.

IEEE PELS Long Island Chapter Hosts Fourth Annual Power Electronics Symposium

On 3 November 2022, the IEEE Power Electronics Society (PELS) Long Island Chapter hosted its fourth annual Power Electronics Symposium (PES) at the Radisson Hotel in Hauppauge, New York, USA. The event hosted over 50 exhibitors who featured a range of power products and services.

The Design and Demonstrative Analysis of the Gas Turbine Operation’s Simulator

The Gas Turbine operation was investigated with a view to evolving a system designed to provide a realistic imitation of the controls and operation of a Gas Turbine, used for training purposes. Operator Training Simulator has been widely adopted by many industries being a computer simulation which attempts to model a real-life plant so that it can be studied. A well trained and skilled operator is key in increasing power plant safety and productivity. Therefore, enabling quality training for operators is becoming more important as they need to handle increased load of information and duties whereas the lack of training is a major reason for inadequate performance. By changing variables in the simulator, predictions are made about the behaviour of the engine. It is a tool to virtually investigate the behaviour of the system while in operation. This work becomes indispensable because it is prohibitively expensive or simply too dangerous to allow trainees use the real equipment in a power plant. The Gas Turbine operation’s simulator is born from Object Oriented Programming, employing key programming languages. The simulator design focused on specific tasks in the operation of the Gas Turbine which include; startup, synchronization and monitoring of vital parameters like vibration, temperature, pressure, and angle of the Inlet Guide Vane. The statuses of various valves, pumps and motors as well as the Performance of actuators and the response of concatenated components are also being tracked. The simulator was found to effectively mimic a real plant life. With this simulator, trainee operators in Gas Turbine can spend time learning valuable lessons in a "safe" virtual environment yet living a lifelike experience. This will go a long way in minimizing operators’ error in GT power plants, thereby curtailing power outages and conserving power plant components.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD. Molecular signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD, NAFLD, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD, from ALD/NAFLD to HCC. The selected agents such as β-sitosterol, curcumin, genistein, and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules, including AMPK, Farnesoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, PPARs, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. In addition, clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.

The FastVRP automatic platform for the thermal monitoring of volcanic activity using VIIRS and SLSTR sensors: FastFRP to monitor volcanic radiative power

Satellite thermal remote sensing is widely used to detect and quantify the high-temperature vol- canic features produced during an eruption, e.g. released radiative power. Some space agencies provide Fire Radiative Power (FRP) Products to characterize any thermal anomaly around the world. In particular, Level-2 FRP Products of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) are freely available online and they allow to monitor high-temperature volcanic features related to the dynamics of volcanic activity. Here, we propose the FastVRP platform developed in Google Colab to process automatically the FRP Products provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) space agencies. FastVRP was designed to monitor the volcanic radiative power (VRP) related to eruptive activity of Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy). We compared the quality of these FRP Products during a number of recent paroxysmal lava fountains occurred at Etna volcano between February and March 2021. We highlighted the advantages and the limits of each sensor in monitor- ing intense volcanic eruptions lasting a few hours. Furthermore, we combine the mid-high spatial/ low temporal resolution VIIRS and SLSTR with the low spatial-high temporal resolution SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Radiometer Imager) to improve estimates of the energies released from each paroxysmal episode. In particular, we propose a fitting approach to enhance the accuracy of SEVIRI low spatial-high temporal resolution measurements exploiting the few acqui- sitions from VIIRS and SLSTR high spatial-low temporal resolution during lava fountain cooling phase. We validated the radiative power values forecasted from VIIRS and SLSTR with the radiative power values retrieved using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor.

Effects of Weather and Environmental Conditions on the Power Productivity of Photovoltaic Module in Kirkuk City

Abstract. From the beginning of March to the end of August 2022, research is conducted to determine how sensitive monocrystalline solar modules are to variations in environmental factors such as dust and high temperature buildup as well as cloud cover in Kirkuk's environment. In order to evaluate how different environmental factors, affect a solar photovoltaic (PV) module, an experiment was conducted using three solar modules that were identical in all respects. The modules are cleaned on a regular basis in the morning in order to monitor the effect that the accumulation of dust will have on the surface of the dirty module during the months of April and May. According to the findings, the collection of dust has a significant impact on the daily energy yield of the module that has not been cleaned. On the other hand, this impact lasts for a very long time. The influence on the cloud cover can be seen very immediately. Because of this constraint, solar photovoltaics (PV) are an unstable source of power for remote devices, which strongly emphasizes the difficulties associated with frequently cleaning the surface of the module.