Animal Products Research Articles

Voluntary optimisation of antimicrobial consumption in swine and poultry production in Thailand: a policy analysis.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern with significant implications on economies and health security, affecting humans, animals, food, and the environment. To tackle this issue, promoting responsible antimicrobial use in livestock production has emerged as a crucial intervention. In 2018, Thailand introduced the Voluntary Optimization of Antimicrobial Consumption (VOAC) programme, with the objective to encourage responsible antimicrobial use practises. This study aimed to analyse the context, content, process and actors of the VOAC programme. A qualitative method including document reviews and key informant interviews were applied. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 key informants who are key stakeholders from public and private sectors involved in the policy formulation, design of policy contents and implementation of VOAC: policy makers or officers responsible for animal health (n = 12), animal producers (n = 2), animal product traders or retailers (n = 2), and farm veterinarians (n = 2). Interview transcripts were validated by informants for accuracy, and triangulated with document review findings. Deductive approach was applied for data analysis and interpretation based on Walt and Gilson's policy analysis framework. The VOAC farm certification comprises of Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA) and Reducing Antibiotic Use (RAU), both aiming to combat AMR in food animals. Global and national factors, including increased public awareness, policy commitments, export requirements from the European Union, and international organisation advocacies, influenced the development of the programme led by the Department of Livestock Development (DLD), under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Collaboration with the private sector facilitated policy clarity, with implementation primarily executed through regional, provincial, and district livestock officers. Integration of the programme with the pre-existing Good Agriculture Practise certification system enabled cost-effective implementation without additional resources. In 2022, DLD official data reported 214 RWA farms (112 pig and 102 broiler), and 230 RAU farms (83 pig and 147 broiler). Incentives for farms to participate in the programme include improving corporate image and demonstrating corporate responsibility addressing AMR in food products. Recommendations include optimising certification strategies, increasing consumer awareness of RWA and RAU products and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems.

Dietary diversity and iron deficiency anemia among a cohort of singleton pregnancies: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is considered one of the most common medical disorders observed during pregnancy. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), anemia and micronutrients deficiencies among pregnant women are associated with low consumption of animal products, monotonous starchy-diets, and seasonal consumption of vegetables and fruits.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 198 pregnant mothers aged between 19–45 years who visited the antenatal care clinics in Northern Jordan to document the prevalence of IDA and to describe the associations between dietary diversity, diet quality scores and oral iron supplementation with the pregnant women iron status. Participants were stratified into three groups by gestational age (n = 66 women per group). Gestational age, blood parameters, minimum dietary diversity score (MDD-W), and prime diet quality score for healthy (PDQSHF) and unhealthy foods (PDQSUF) were assessed using 24- hour dietary recall.ResultsPrevalence of mild to moderate anemia was 27.8% among pregnant women. Third-trimester pregnant women were most affected. 52.5% have depleted iron stores (ferritin < 15 ng/ml), of them 30.8% have iron deficiency, and 21.7% have IDA. The (M ± SD) of the MDD-W, PDQSHF, and PDQSUF were 4.8 ± 1.6, 12.8 ± 3.9, and 7.2 ± 2.8 respectively. 52.5% achieved the MDD-W, 68% consumed < 4 servings/week of healthy food groups, and 50% consumed > 4 servings/week of unhealthy food groups. Mothers with higher MDD-W and PDQS had higher Hb and serum concentrations. Those taking iron supplements had significantly (p = 0.001) higher means of Hb, serum ferritin, and gestational weight gain. Significant differences were also found between PDQSHF, PDQSUF and the first and third trimester.ConclusionsMild to moderate IDA is prevalent among pregnant mothers, especially in the third trimester. However, the prevalence of IDA among Jordanian pregnant women is lower than the global average. A high-quality, diverse diet, combined with oral iron supplementation and food fortification with iron, will help improve iron status, prevent anemia, and reduce its prevalence.

History of Multiple Allergies and Gradual Onset Running-Related Injuries in Distance Runners: SAFER XXXV.

To determine if any gradual onset running-related injury (GORRI) was associated with any allergies, multiple allergies (allergies to animals, plants, medication), and allergy medication use. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Two Oceans Marathons (56 km, 21.1 km), South Africa. A total of 76 654 race entrants (2012-2015). The prevalence (%) and prevalence ratios (PR; 95% confidence intervals) for history of (1) any allergies, (2) multiple allergies to broad categories of allergens (animal material, plant material, allergies to medication, and other allergies), and (3) allergy medication use. Using a compulsory online screening questionnaire, the outcome was a history of any GORRIs, and subcategories of GORRIs (muscle, tendon) in the past 12 months and history of GORRIs (and subtypes of GORRIs) were reported. In 68 258 records with injury and allergy data, the following were significantly associated with reporting any GORRIs: a history of any allergy (PR = 2.2; P < 0.0001), a history of allergies to broad categories of allergens (animal, plant, medication allergy, other) (P < 0.0001), and the use of allergy medication (P < 0.0001). A history of any allergies (PR = 2.4; P < 0.0001), all broad categories of allergies, and allergy medication use were significantly associated with muscle (P < 0.0001) and tendon injuries (P < 0.0001). The risk of reporting a GORRI increased as the number of reported categories of allergies increased (P < 0.0001). A novel finding was the cumulative risk effect with a history of multiple allergies. Further studies should aim to determine the underlying mechanism relating allergies and GORRIs.

Comparative analysis of sensory, textural, microstructural, amino acids and protein digestibility properties of animal and alternative meat products in the Asian market

SummaryFor alternative meat products to gain more traction, it is crucial to determine the differences in sensory and nutritional properties between animal and alternative meat food products currently available in the market. The present work compared 27 food products from poultry, pork, and seafood (i.e. three main categories with nine sub‐groups consisting of one animal‐based and two alternative meat products). Results from both the sensory evaluation and instrumental texture analysis indicate that there were distinct differences between the animal meat and their alternative meat counterparts. The alternative meat products tested in this study were divided into five clusters using agglomerative hierarchical clustering, with various clusters associated with different sensory attributes. Differences in the denseness of structure, ingredient interactions, and moisture content contributed to the varied textural properties. The lysine and methionine content in at least one of the alternative meat products was lower than that of their animal meat counterpart for all meat and seafood categories, except for prawn. Alternative meat products containing higher levels of carbohydrates, fibres, and fats resulted in poorer protein digestibility. These findings provide information on the sensorial (both taste and texture) and nutritional gaps that need to be overcome when developing next‐generation alternative meat products.

Exploring the role of high-value crops to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand

This study explores the potential benefits of transitioning from livestock farming to high-value alternative crops as a strategy for mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in New Zealand. The government has set ambitious targets for reducing methane (CH4) emissions. However, since animal product exports play a crucial role in New Zealand’s economy, any shift in land use will have significant impacts on both the regional and national economy. We developed a GIS framework that integrated (i) growing requirements, (ii) GHG emissions and (iii) profitability for crops. Analysis of export market opportunities identified twelve high-value “alternative crops”. Availability of suitable land for crop expansion was not a limiting factor. Working with the Ministry for Primary Industries, we explored how land use change scenarios contributed to Government 2050 biogenic CH4 emission reduction targets. Doubling the area of alternative crops (a 195,000-ha increase) by reallocating land from livestock farming resulted in reducing biogenic CH4 emissions by 1.2 to 5.4% (0.35 to 1.57 Mt CO2-e) compared to 2017 baseline values, contributing to between 2.6 and 22.5% of the 2050 CH4 reduction targets, simultaneously increasing profitability by $NZ1.25 to 1.32 billion annually. While this approach demonstrates potential benefits of land use change, a deeper understanding of the complexity of land use decision-making is required to enable successful transitions. Addressing barriers to change requires collaborative efforts from land users, researchers and policy makers.

High-Tech Sustainable Beauty: Exploring Nanotechnology for the Development of Cosmetics Using Plant and Animal By-Products

In a world increasingly focused on eco-conscious living, the cosmetic industry is actively adopting nanotechnology to transform plant and animal by-products into high-value beauty products. This comprehensive review explores the innovative and sustainable approaches for extracting and utilizing bioactive compounds from these by-products. The application of nanocarrier systems is highlighted for their role in enhancing the delivery efficacy and safety of these ingredients in skincare and beauty products. Consumer demand and environmental concerns drive the shift towards natural and sustainable cosmetic products. Traditional cosmetic production often involves significant ecological impacts, prompting the industry to seek greener alternatives. This review addresses the critical need for sustainable beauty solutions that align with global sustainability goals, particularly those outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The review provides valuable insights into current trends and future directions in sustainable cosmetics by focusing on nanotechnology and by-products. The review uniquely integrates nanotechnology with sustainability practices in the cosmetic industry. It details the benefits of using nanocarriers to improve the stability, bioavailability, and efficacy of bioactive compounds derived from natural waste. This intersection of high-tech methodologies and sustainability offers a novel perspective on cosmetic innovation. Future research should focus on overcoming the technical, regulatory, and economic challenges of scaling up nanotechnology applications. Investigations should include the development of transparent supply chains, standardization methods for characterizing nanoparticles, and comprehensive lifecycle assessments to ensure environmental safety. Additionally, fostering collaboration between scientific research, industry practices, and consumer education is vital for advancing sustainable practices. This review contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable beauty by presenting a clear pathway for integrating these innovative approaches. It ensures that future cosmetic products meet consumer expectations for efficacy and safety and promote environmental stewardship and a circular economy, ultimately benefiting both the skin and the planet.

Beyond the Coagulation Cascade: Vitamin K and Its Multifaceted Impact on Human and Domesticated Animal Health.

Vitamin K (VK) is an essential micronutrient impacting many systems in the body. This lipid-soluble vitamin is found in various plant and animal products and is absorbed via the lymphatic system. This biomolecule's importance to human health includes but is not limited to its promotion of brain, cardiovascular, bone, and immune functions. These biological properties are also necessary for maintaining domesticated animal health. The synergistic impact of both VK and vitamin D (VD) maximizes these health benefits, specifically for the circulatory and skeletal systems. This manuscript reviews VK's properties, molecular structures, nutrikinetics, mechanisms of action, daily requirements, safety in supplemental form, biomarkers used for its detection, and impacts on various organs. The purpose of synthesizing this information is to evaluate the potential uses of VK for the treatment or prevention of diseases.

MINIstock: Model for INsect Inclusion in sustainable agriculture: USDA-ARS's research approach to advancing insect meal development and inclusion in animal diets.

Animal agriculture is under pressure to increase efficiency, sustainability, and innovation to meet the demands of a rising global population while decreasing adverse environmental effects. Feed cost and availability are 2 of the biggest hurdles to sustainable production. Current diets depend on sources of grain and animal byproduct protein for essential amino acids which have limited sustainability. Insects have arisen as an attractive, sustainable alternative protein source for animal diets due to their favorable nutrient composition, low space and water requirements, and natural role in animal diets. Additionally, insects are capable of bioremediating waste streams including agricultural and food waste, manure, and plastics helping to increase their sustainability. The insect rearing industry has grown rapidly in recent years and shows great economic potential. However, state-of-the-art research is urgently needed to overcome barriers to adoption in commercial animal diets such as regulatory restrictions, production scale issues, and food safety concerns. To address this need, the USDA Agricultural Research Service "MINIstoc: Model for INsect Inclusion" project was created to bring together diverse scientists from across the world to synergistically advance insect meal production and inclusion in animal diets. Here, we provide a short review of insects as feed while describing the MINIstock project which serves as the inspiration for the Journal of Economic Entomology Special Collection "Insects as feed: sustainable solutions for food waste and animal production practices."

Dehydrated and live black soldier fly larvae as environmental enrichment in indigenous slow-growing chickens: performance, gut health, and chitinolytic enzyme activity

The demand for sustainable and ethically farmed animal products is on the rise as consumers become more environmentally and animal welfare conscious. The need to diminish the consumption of soybean meal is urgent, and companies are looking for ways to respond to this necessity by looking for alternatives to soybean meal. This study assessed the impact of introducing whole dehydrated and live black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) into the diet of an indigenous chicken breed as environmental enrichment. A total of 144 39-day-old male Bianca di Saluzzo chickens were distributed among 18 pens and assigned to three different experimental groups. The control group received a diet where soybean meal was entirely replaced by alternative ingredients. The two experimental groups were given the same diet supplemented with 5% of the expected daily feed intake of whole dehydrated BSFL or whole live BSFL. Throughout the trial period (from the bird age of 39–174 days of age), live weight was recorded every 21 days, and the average daily gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. The time required for the birds to consume the larvae was recorded three times a week. At age 147 and 174 days, 12 birds per treatment were selected based on mean live weight and slaughtered. Measurements included hot and chilled carcass weights, organ weights (spleen, liver, heart, stomach), breast and thigh muscle weights, and the corresponding yields were calculated. Acid protease activity was measured in proventriculus extract, and chitinase and chitosanase activity was calculated based on the release of reducing sugars from chitin or chitosan. The results showed little improvement in final live weights and daily feed intakes of the animals fed the insect larvae compared with control birds. Larva supplementation had no negative impact on the overall well-being of the animals assessed by blood analysis and histopathological assessment of the intestinal tract, spleen, and liver. No differences were found between the dehydrated vs live insect larvae consumption times, with all larvae being eaten up very rapidly (< 3 min). The birds fed BSFL showed an increase in chitinase activity. These findings support the potential use of whole BSFL as a form of environmental enrichment, particularly in their dehydrated form, being more convenient to use and store, which would also encourage the uptake of this practice by farmers.

Ethnozoological study of Tamang people in Konjyosom Rural Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal

Ethnic/indigenous people of Nepal have a long history of using animals as medicine. The current study was conducted to determine the ethnozoological relationship, concerning the use of animals, their body parts, and animal products as traditional medicine by the people of Tamang community living in Konjyosom Rural Municipality in Lalitpur district of Nepal. The study was conducted in Chaughare (Ward Number 1), and the ethnozoological data were collected from local people and key informants through interviews, semi-structured questionnaire surveys, and direct field observation. Results showed that 78% of the respondents out of 100 were familiar with using animals as medicines. These people were reported to use 33 different animals (domestic: 8 species and wild: 25 species) for treating various illnesses and diseases in other ways. Considering the age and gender, female respondents and people of age (50-59 years) mainly used to prefer animal consumption for healing their illnesses and diseases. Furthermore, the oral route of administration (81%) and consumption of flesh via cooking were highly preferred. Their tendency to use animals as medicine was higher, so the risk of threatening a few important faunae may exist in the study area. This study will be baseline information for strategic conservation and management of wildlife in the study area or elsewhere within the country.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Mahasiswa Asrama Islamic College Siti Aisyah Malang Melalui Diversifikasi Produk Bakso Sehat

Purpose – The training and mentoring program for manufacturing meatballs for a group of female students at the Siti Aisyah Islamic College dormitory seeks to support and aid the dormitory's management's planned entrepreneur initiative. The program helped participants learn the fundamentals of livestock product processing, how to use technology, how to be creative, and how to develop their skills in processing animal products with varied product diversifications. Design/methodology/approach – The series of activities lasted four months. The service activities were divided into multiple stages, including socializing, training, and assistance with meatball production and diversification. The method was to conduct pre-coordination activities with the management of the Siti Aisyah Islamic College Dormitory, activity preparation, activity implementation in the form of socialization and discussion of livestock product processing, meatball training, mentoring female students, and activity evaluation. Female students were given questionnaires before and following the deployment of the aid. The data was analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. Findings – This project created preservative-free meatball goods and several product variations, including original, vegetable, and cheese meatballs. The program resulted in a 70% improvement in understanding of processing livestock products, as well as an 80% rise in meatball-making abilities and variants. Originality/value –The meatball training program could be an alternative entrepreneurial curriculum designed by the association's board. Training may help students improve their abilities and gain experience, as well as motivate them to grow their businesses.

Impact of Light Wavelength on Growth and Welfare of Broiler Chickens – Overview and Future Perspective

Abstract Lighting in poultry production holds notable importance with the advancement and modernization of the industry, as it plays a significant role in the physiology and growth of broiler chickens. Increasing attention has been paid to the impacts of lighting management on growth performance, immune status, and welfare of meat-type chickens. It is essential to have an appropriate lighting regimen that includes the light source, intensity, duration, and wavelength of light to improve broilers’ growth and behavior. By manipulating various physiological, immunological, and behavioral activities, altering the color of light has been acknowledged as a potent managerial strategy capable of mitigating an array of stressors in broiler chickens. Assessing animal welfare is necessary for animal behavior and product quality perspectives. Birds have a unique visual system, and their behavior is primarily mediated by vision. Different monochromatic light regimes can affect feed conversion ratio, modulating broiler chickens’ systematic immune response and aggressive behavior. With the advancement of lighting technology, new possibilities have emerged to enhance traditional lighting programs in poultry houses. This review integrates recent findings on the use of monochromatic light and its impact on broilers’ welfare, growth, and physiological response.

Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity analysis of three Maillard glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates from chicken, porcine and bovine

Bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides) derived from byproduct of animal product processing have been used to produce commercially valuable products due to their potential antioxidant activity. Maillard glycosylated reaction is considered as a promising method to enhance the antioxidant activity of peptides. Hence, this research aims at investigating the Maillard glycosylation activity and antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates from different sources. In this study, 3 glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates were prepared and characterized, and cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity were analyzed and evaluated. The free amino groups loss, browning intensity, and fluorescence intensity of G-Cbcp (glycosylated chicken bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides)) were the heaviest, followed by G-Pbcp (glycosylated porcine bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides)) and G-Bbcp (glycosylated bovine bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides)). The results of amino acid analysis showed that amino acid composition of different bone collagen hydrolysates was significantly different and the amino acid decreased to different degrees after Maillard glycosylated reaction, which may lead to differences in Maillard glycosylated reaction activity. Furthermore, the 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed no significant cytotoxicity. The results showed that glycosylation process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates, and G-Cbcp showed the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by G-Pbcp and G-Bbcp. Therefore, compared with the bone collagen hydrolysates, 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed significant characteristic and structural changes, and higher antioxidant activity.

Effect of butyrine glycerides on the performance metrics and egg quality in laying pullets

The chicken feed industry is very much interested in creating innovative solutions to address the issue of safer animal products due to the increasing customer demand and the prohibition on utilizing antibiotic growth boosters. Organic acids, especially butyric acid, when added to chicken diets, have several beneficial effects on health, productivity, and egg quality. These factors may lead to their substitution in animal production systems for antibiotics. The study was determined the effects of butyrine glycerides (BAG) supplementation on various aspects of egg production and egg quality in laying pullets. Three dietary treatments were randomly assigned to 48 NovoGen Brown laying pullets at 24 weeks of age. For eighteen weeks, the chickens were kept in a three-tiered pyramid-style cage. The chickens in the control group (T1) were fed a basal diet; in groups T2 and T3, the basal diet was supplemented with 0.033% and 0.066% butyrine glycerides, respectively. Throughout the 12 weeks trial, measurements were made of the quantity and weight of eggs laid, feed conversion, and egg quality. Dietary supplementation of butyrine glycerides contributed to a significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased in the egg production, egg weight and egg mass in laying pullets. Similarly, egg quality parameters did not affect significantly except shell percentage, albumen index and Haugh unit at 28th weeks of supplementation. Taken altogether, it is said that BAG positively impacted the laying performances and egg quality of laying pullets. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 53 (2): 31-39, 2024

Enhancing the qualitative attributes of meat through processing and preservation techniques- A review

Various techniques have been devised to produce more nutritious meat and animal products. Understanding the impact of meat aging and other processing processes on sensory quality is crucial. To enhance the nutritional value and flavor of products, it is necessary to employ a variety of technologies. This review highlighted the processes of aging, curing, and processing to create the optimal product that meets market demand. High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) and other physical processing techniques along with wet and dry aging enhance the flavor and softness of beef. The fascinating technique of sous vide cooking preserves the nutrition and sensory qualities of food. Utilizing natural preservation techniques can extend the shelf life of beef products without compromising their flavor. These techniques can enhance the range of organically fortified beef products while preserving or enhancing their nutritional and sensory characteristics.

Public health importance of brucellosis: a review

Members of the genus Brucella are the source of the infectious bacterial disease known as brucellosis which is characterised by abortion, retained fetal membranes, orchitis, infection of the male accessory sex glands, and decreased fertility. Cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, camels, and occasionally horses are the animals most commonly affected by the disease. It affects sexually mature animals and its preferred site is the reproductive tract of both male and female animals. Animals may acquire the infection by licking the genitalia of infected female animals shortly after parturition or abortion, or by consuming contaminated pastures, feedstuffs, and water. Because there are insufficient domestic animal health programs, adequate diagnostic facilities, and effective public health measures, brucellosis is common and seen as an important public health concern in developing countries. Due to its association with abortion storm in newly infected herds, a high rate of retained placenta, endometritis or metritis which lowers milk production, and infertility, the disease is important economically. Additionally, the contagious nature of the disease has an impact on public health. In humans, brucellosis is an acute or subacute condition that can last for weeks or months. It is typically characterized by an intermittent or remittent fever, malaise, anorexia, and prostration. Humans can become infected by consuming contaminated animal products such as milk. These and control strategies of brucellosis that include good farm management practices, surveillance, culling of infected animals, use of proper vaccination protocols and public awareness were the subject matter of this review.

Public health importance of brucellosis: a review

Members of the genus Brucella are the source of the infectious bacterial disease known as brucellosis which is characterised by abortion, retained fetal membranes, orchitis, infection of the male accessory sex glands, and decreased fertility. Cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, camels, and occasionally horses are the animals most commonly affected by the disease. It affects sexually mature animals and its preferred site is the reproductive tract of both male and female animals. Animals may acquire the infection by licking the genitalia of infected female animals shortly after parturition or abortion, or by consuming contaminated pastures, feedstuffs, and water. Because there are insufficient domestic animal health programs, adequate diagnostic facilities, and effective public health measures, brucellosis is common and seen as an important public health concern in developing countries. Due to its association with abortion storm in newly infected herds, a high rate of retained placenta, endometritis or metritis which lowers milk production, and infertility, the disease is important economically. Additionally, the contagious nature of the disease has an impact on public health. In humans, brucellosis is an acute or subacute condition that can last for weeks or months. It is typically characterized by an intermittent or remittent fever, malaise, anorexia, and prostration. Humans can become infected by consuming contaminated animal products such as milk. These and control strategies of brucellosis that include good farm management practices, surveillance, culling of infected animals, use of proper vaccination protocols and public awareness were the subject matter of this review.

Screening of adaptogens potentially effective in mycotoxicosis

Microscopic mold fungi are pathogens invisible to the naked eye that secrete dangerous metabolic products – mycotoxins. When exposed to various factors, mycotoxins can accumulate in plant and animal products. Getting into food and, as a result, into a living organism, they can lead to the appearance of mycoses and mycotoxicoses. The most common T-2 toxin of the Russian Federation territory. Due to the impossibility of completely eliminating microscopic fungi, the search for affordable preventive measures with detoxifying, immunostimulating properties remains relevant and promising. The aim of the study was to select adaptogens of various origins and evaluate their effectiveness in T-2 toxicosis of rats. The research was conducted on the basis of mycotoxin laboratory of the Federal state budgetary institution «Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety» (Kazan). The tested adaptogens were echinacea purpurea grass, humic acids, biogenic stimulant ASD-2, zeolite from the Shatrashan deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan, and dry dead bee’s powder. In the course of work, the use of adaptogens such as echinacea purpurea, zeolite and dead bees turned out to be the most effective in relation to the survival of rats with T-2 toxicosis. The expected effect of a uniform increase in body weight of rats occurred, in turn, in groups of adaptogens with sorption capacity (humic acids, zeolite). The most striking positive picture during hematological examination was observed in groups using zeolite and dead bees. Based on the totality of the results obtained, it was concluded that zeolite and dead bees were the most effective in leveling the negative effects of T-2 toxicosis. The results obtained can become the basis for further development of a preventive complex.

Multimodal perception of digital protective materials

The online clothing industry has gained popularity among consumers, and the perception of materials and equipment plays a crucial role in their purchasing decisions. Therefore, accurately representing their appearance in real-time is essential. This study aimed to subjectively evaluate 20 protective textile materials by translating their tactile characteristics into virtual prototypes. This was accomplished by scanning physical materials with an x-Tex scanner and processing them in KeyShot rendering software. Consequently, four scenarios featuring digital materials were created: S1-image, S2-video animation, S3-3D object, and S4-physical materials. Digital visual subjective evaluations were conducted for sensory analysis. Participants were asked to assess four visual and seven tactile characteristics using a seven-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the sensory data collected through subjective testing. The results indicated that agreement values for the four scenarios ranged from 1.25 to 7.0, as illustrated in boxplot diagrams representing the subjects' agreement with the perceptual attributes. Pairwise comparisons of the S4-S1, S4-S2, and S4-S3 scenarios concerning the difference in means revealed that attributes FR with values of 0.045 (S1), RM with values of 0.063 (S1), CR with values of 0.028 (S1), CR with values of 0.039 (S2), and 0.052 (S3) are closely aligned with the actual values, as the values obtained from these scenarios closely approximate 0. In contrast, the values of the remaining attributes were close to 1, indicating the difficulty of translating these attributes into digital format and achieving accurate perception. Assessing textile material properties through digital images remains a challenging task that requires in-depth subjective analysis.

Expression of the labeled recombinant glycoprotein E2 of the classical swine fever virus in &lt;i&gt;E. Coli&lt;/i&gt;

Currently, live attenuated vaccines are used in the Russian Federation for the specific prevention of classical swine fever (CSF), but this strategy contradicts the rules for importing animal products and carries the risks of recombination with field strains. These factors exacerbate the need for further development of candidate recombinant vaccines with similar efficacy and safety. The aim of the presented work was to construct a prokaryotic expression system of the marked glycoprotein E2 of the CSF virus and to evaluate its immunochemical properties. As a result of the conducted studies, a section of the primary amino acid sequence of glycoprotein E2 of a highly pathogenic Shimen strain (subgenotype 1.1) was identified using bioinformatic analysis and a hybrid polypeptide was designed, including a non-specific (marker) part from the modified V5 epitope and a fragment of the BSA sequence. By cloning a codon-optimized fragment into the pET-28a vector, the E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS/pET-28a/E2-V5 producing strain was constructed. During the optimization of the cultivation conditions of the producer strain, it was found that the highest yield of the target protein is achieved within 5-6 hours after the induction of expression. The immunochemical properties of chromatographically purified recombinant rE2-V5 were determined: for example, it was shown that its activity in indirect enzyme immunoassay exceeds that of native E2. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed prokaryotic expression system, which consists in proper folding, good solubility and the ability of the target protein to form specific immunocomplexes. The presence of a marker fragment in the expressed hybrid polypeptide in the future will allow using the latter as the basis of a recombinant vaccine that meets the requirements of the DIVA strategy.