Products Sector Research Articles

Females Are More Rational! How Consumer Expertise Moderates Attitude toward Advertisements

This research aims to know the impact of advertisement appeals in the service and product sector and gender. This study fulfilled the gap by comparing these appeals (emotional vs rational) to develop an attitude toward ads that generate Word of mouth and the influence of information quality and visuals and moderation of consumer expertise. This research comprises experimental design by collecting data from five universities in Pakistan by displaying the social media poster advertisements to the participants. The present study postulates that rational appeals are more capable, while females are more rational and create more Word of mouth. Female ads must have rational content, and advertisers should consider it. While researchers must need to consider information quality and consumer expertise as core constructs in the advertising literature.

Structural and regional characteristics of the world retail trade leaders

The state of development of world retail trade through the prism of the TOP 250 retailers functioning is considered in the article. As part of the study the main performance indicators of Top 250 retailers for 2013-2020 have been analyzed. The world's leading retail trade networks have been performing positive dynamics of their development and a slight increase in the values of indicators. This might take place due to the stabilization of the level of globalization of retail trade as the result of active development of e-commerce and m-commerce. Retailers were also affected by such negative macroeconomic factors as slow economic growth in major developed economies, high levels of debt in emerging countries, deflation or low inflation in rich countries, a protectionist backlash against globalization, troubled credit markets in some countries, and worsening demographics in many countries. The size of retail revenue in 2020 helped us define five groups of trade networks. In addition, we determined the share of Top 250 companies by region/country in 2013-2019 and their revenue. The companies from Europe and North America have shown leading positions in the structure of Top-250 retailers in terms of retail revenue share in 2013-2019. The analysis of the features of expansion policy manifestation by trade structures, depending on the region of their origin, have been conducted. The European trade networks, which in 2019 were present on average in 18.3 countries has demonstrated the largest internationalization. The structure of Top 250 companies by product sector is considered as well. FMCG companies were dominated in the structure of the Top 250 retailers. Special attention has also paid to determining the place of European retailers in the Top 250 in the framework of the European model of retail development. This model assumes an active presence of trade networks in the markets of foreign countries.

Effect of Co-branding Strategy Elements on Consumer Attitude and Purchase Intention : A Study in Indonesia

According to brand alliance literature, the compatibility of both brand characteristics in co-branded products will raise consumer positive attitude and purchase intention. Previous researches have explored co-branding strategy between the same sector or complement product character from different sector. However, few researchs have conducted exploration of the co-branding strategy in a different sector with less complement character. This study seeks to construct the value of co-branding strategy influencing female consumer attitude as well as purchase intention where the less-known Indonesian cosmetics brand who invite well-known food brands to create blended characteristics of cosmetic products. Three co-branded products namely Mizzu Cosmetics x Khong Guan Biscuits, Dear Me Beauty x Yupi, Dear Me Beauty x Sasa, Dear Me Beauty x Nissin as the object of research. A total of 358 questionnaires were distributed to female cosmetic consumers aged between 19-41. The proposed research model has been tested using PLS-SEM. The finding highlight prior attitude toward host brand appear weak to influence attitude toward co-branded. However, brand fit could mediate prior attitude toward host brand in influencing atittude toward co-branded. Mediating roles of brand fit, attitude toward co-brand, and post-attitude toward host brand appear important in the element of consumer attitude and purchase intention. A well-known and suitable co-branding partner is needed to give exposure to the co-branded product and provide a spill-over effect for the host brands. This study contribute to add spill-over effect phenomenon in brand alliance literatures.

Empirical determination of sustainable withdrawal rates considering historical yields and inflation rates in Germany

On account of the current low interest rate phase, which is most likely to continue in the coming years, the average yields to be achieved in the bond, time deposit and savings product sectors are declining, so that risk-averse investors in particular have few opportunities to generate return-oriented retirement provisions.This scientific article analyzes the level of a possible safe withdrawal rate for diversified pension portfolios, considering historical returns and inflation rates. Consequently, this article provides immediate practical added value for a possible retirement provision.The evaluation is based on the consideration of historical returns of the stock and bond market in Germany. To determine a safe withdrawal rate, the development of portfolios with different compositions and inflation-adjusted withdrawal rates are simulated over periods of 15 to 35 years. In this simulation, the risky part of the portfolio is represented by German equities, the low risk part by German government bonds.To sum up, the empirical results show a maximum safe withdrawal rate of 4%. The underlying portfolio is composed of 50% equities and 50% government bonds. Particularly due to the outlined demographic change in Germany as well as the ongoing low-interest phase, the empirical study can provide significant theoretical and practical insights.

Identifying the key sectors and paths of the embodied energy in BRICS nations: A weighted multilayer network approach

BRICS nations, as a representative of emerging economies, have rapid economic growth and frequent trade activities, which result in a large amount of embodied energy flow (the embodied energy of BRICS accounts for about 42.3% of the global embodied energy) in the BRICS and all over the world. This article uses multilayer network model to study the embodied energy of the BRICS. By using the weighted degree and betweenness centrality indicators, key sectors and key paths are identified. The results show that the embodied energy circulation in BRICS is still dominated by industry and natural resources sectors, such as Petroleum, Chemical and Non-Metallic Mineral Products sector. The analysis of the key paths allows us to understand Russia and South Africa are exporters of embodied energy, China is an intermediate transmission country, and India and Brazil are importers. The roles of the five countries are different, and they need to perform their own duties, cooperate with collaborative governance, to achieve energy-saving, environmentally-friendly, and efficient development of the BRICS.

Strengthening Lithuanian - Latvian Cross - Border Cooperation in the Context of International Trade

The article analyses the strengthening of the competitiveness of countries based on crossborder cooperation through the prism of international trade indicators. Due to the increase in international competition, countries, especially small economies, are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain their position in the global market and remain competitive if this position is pursued individually. It is therefore necessary to review competition strategies and reassess opportunities and competitive advantages, as well as to promote coopetition between border region companies at institutional level. The article presents a new approach to regional competitiveness, which is achieved not through the development of the competitive advantages of the regions of individual countries, but through their cooperation and thus achieving common benefits. This is particularly relevant for border regions, as their uniqueness allows them to exploit cross-border region cooperation, which can generate added value by utilising the potential of cooperating regions to complement each other and become a competitive hub for economic growth. Only a strategic partnership based on regional cooperation will promote cooperation between manufacturers in different regions and ensure the achievement of co-creation and international development goals. The article analyses the case of Lithuania and Latvia as an example of cross-border cooperation, as internationally these countries are often matched and treated as one region, but in fact they compete fiercely with each other for better positions in foreign markets. This also shows that Lithuania’s and Latvia’s foreign trade with the European Union (hereinafter - the EU) accounted for the largest share of their foreign trade. Secondary statistical data of the EU-28 Eurostat of 2010 - 2019 and Finger Kreinin, RCA, and Lafay indices were used for the study. After assessing the convergence of the Lithuanian and Latvian export structure according to the FKI index during the study and finding that the export structure of these countries is very similar, the relative comparative advantage of exports by individual product sectors was assessed on the basis of the RCA index and the comparative advantage on the basis of the LAFAY index. The study showed that both countries had comparative advantages in the same product groups. The identification of common points of contact has highlighted economic activities, the development of which could be given more attention through the cooperation between the countries, and which would ensure overall economic benefits. The article concludes with strategic recommendations and measures to promote cross-border cooperation and increase the region’s competitiveness. The article contributes to the regional economic subject literature, as the concept of cross-border region competitiveness is developed by promoting not the competition of individual regions, but their cooperation by discovering common similarities in economic development. The article presents methodological logic and empirical calculations that would allow policy makers to develop cooperation strategies with those border regions with which it is expedient to cooperate for greater economic benefits. Promoting regional development and reducing regional disparities not only between regions within the same country but also between different countries requires the patient and consistent work of governments, businesses and academia, as well as individual communities, to develop measures and initiatives to promote cross-border cooperation.

Glowing cities and the future of manufacturing in the US and Europe: How digitalization will impact metropolitan areas depending on sectoral dominances and regional skill distribution

ABSTRACT Since digitalization and Industry 4.0 have been recognized as a key issue for future economic development, prosperity and wealth distribution, several studies have emerged on the potential threats of new technology on workforce development. The consensus is that jobs may fall away, while some new jobs will be created, with a different skills profile and a new set of qualifications that are required. This paper examines the effects of three main indicators: the impact of skills, industrial sector dominance and product complexity on workforce reduction. Based on metropolitan data from the US (Census) and Europe (Eurostat), the author develops a metropolitan typology based on industrial sectors in each metro and analyses the systematic relationship between regional variations of automation, local skills and economic sector variations, finding that automation exposure in Europe is significantly lower than in the US and that medium-skilled manufacturing jobs in the US are increasingly threatened and low-skill service jobs remain relatively safe from automation – leading to a decreasing middle class. This also shows how metropolitan areas are at risk of developing polarized effects: some facing economic upturn and continuous prosperity, and a majority of others either stagnant or with extreme downturn and high unemployment rates.

Statistical and Econometric Analysis of Selected Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on macroeconomic activity in the selected European countries. The studies are based on monthly and quarterly indicators of GDP, unemployment rates and key indicators of the tourism sector. To present how COVID-19 has affected these macroeconomic variables, statistic data from the three periods are compared. Namely, data are collected from the pre-pandemic period, i.e. the fourth quarter of 2019 as the reference period, the second period covers the first quarter of 2020 and means the beginning of the pandemic, and the third one covers second quarter of 2020, during which the pandemic has spread to all the analyzed countries. The following statistical techniques are used in the research: regression analysis, the hierarchical grouping of agglomerations, k-means method, and selected non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis test for a selected group of countries and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for a selected pair of countries). The results show the significant impact of the pandemic on the level of gross domestic product, unemployment rate and turism sector. In most cases, a correlation between incidence of COVID-19 infections, unemployment rate and GDP is observed. The statistical techniques also allow to demonstrate the similarities and differences in the response of the economies to the COVID-19 pandemic. Central Statistical Offices of the selected countries are the main data source and for all calculations Statistica version 13.3. is used.

The Relationship between Macroeconomic Factors and The Performance of Stock Market in Malaysia: The Case of Malaysia Industrial Product and Services Sector

The Relationship between Macroeconomic Factors and The Performance of Stock Market in Malaysia: The Case of Malaysia Industrial Product and Services Sector

Sustainable Survival: Resource Management Strategy in Micro and Small Enterprises in the Rubber Products Market in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 epidemic surprised economic operators around the world. The very existence of many businesses, and thus jobs, was at stake. However, one year after the WHO declared the outbreak a pandemic, contrary to the pessimistic forecasts of business analysts, some industries did not experience the predicted negative effects of the crisis. This article presents the results of a pilot study on micro and small enterprises in the rubber products industry in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of analyzing the phenomenon of sustainable resource management that led not only to the survival of these enterprises but also to a significant increase in their turnover. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the key success factors of the indicated economic entities, with particular emphasis on the perspective of sustainable resource management and relationship management. On the basis of best research practices, a triangulation of research methods was applied (integrative literature review, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, and individual in-depth interview). A relationship was observed between the sustainable management of resources and the structure of the relationship network and the strength of its connections. In micro and small enterprises in the rubber products sector in Poland, sustainable resource management is related to the structure of the network of relations and the strength of connections in the network (relations/networking), as enterprises form a group of entities with a high level of loyalty, especially between the suppliers and buyers of raw materials. The formulated conclusions will become the basis for further in-depth research that can be conducted (a) in the same group of respondents, but using a representative research group, (b) in the same industry among a group of large enterprises, and (c) in a group of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from other industries.

Selection of Production Mix in the Agricultural Machinery Industry Considering Sustainability in Decision Making

Competition among companies is growing globally, with the need to increase productivity and efficiency in the product sector. However, there is also a growing concern about global warming and the depletion of natural resources, as well as their effects on human health. In this context, all human activities that involve intense usage of resources must take into account sustainability as one of the decision criteria. This work presents the application of decision-making methods to define the best product mix in the agricultural machinery industry. With this objective, the current schedule of the production line was identified, along with the production flow, by performing an inventory analysis and an environmental impact study (endpoint). A total of seven alternatives for the production mix of grain trailers were defined, considering different materials and production processes. The selection of the best schedule according to the different criteria was performed through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the managerial implications for decision making. The results obtained through AHP identified a single alternative as being the best, which facilitates the decision making. The DEA method identified two alternatives as the most efficient, and in this case the manager can choose between a product mix that generates lesser environmental impact or greater profitability. Although applied to agricultural industry, the presented methodology can be easily adapted to other activities related to the built environment, such as construction industry.

Oat proteins: A perspective on functional properties

Oats have a relatively high amount of protein content and better protein quality in terms of amino acid composition, compared to other cereal grains. Oat proteins are the by-product of the oat flour fractionation process into oat bran, oat starch and β-glucan. The oat proteins are also unintentionally removed during the physical separation step of fibre in preparation of oat flours, oat flakes and oat milk. Hence, there is a greater need to use oat proteins as a food ingredient to minimize waste production and better utilization. But functionality and yield of oat protein concentrates and isolates varies with the extraction method. The native isolated oat proteins have good solubility and emulsifying properties at low and high pH but poor functionality at neutral and slightly acidic pH values (4–7). To maintain or improve the techno-functionality of native protein at neutral pH, chemical modifications and enzymatic hydrolysis have been reported. This review briefly describes the isolation of oat proteins and the functional properties of native and modified oat proteins. Knowledge of the techno-functionality of oat proteins is important for its application as an alternative ingredient in the dairy, bakery and meat sector and formulations of novel functional and nutraceutical food products.

Constructing a Financial Reporting Disclosure Quality Model of Listed Firms in Malaysia

The national accounting standards set by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) is largely converged with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The benefit arising from this is to enable foreign investors to analyse their investments via a standardised financial reporting system in Malaysia. Financial reporting disclosure quality by the listed firms in the consumer product and service sector on Bursa Malaysia is an essential feature in the firms’ financial reporting to the public. This research evaluates the development of financial reporting disclosure quality assurance by firms listed on Bursa Malaysia, by examining financial reporting disclosure quality and subsequent compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards. This study uses a content analysis approach to identify a financial reporting standard compliance disclosure index, based the financial statements issued by firms listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2008 – 2016. A panel regression model is utilised to construct a model of financial reporting disclosure quality of the firm, based the extent of compliance with IFRS disclosure requirements from the following perspectives: corporate governance practice, audit quality and corporate social responsibility. The sustainability of financial reporting disclosure quality by the listed firms and subsequently the Malaysian capital markets will enable the same to attain a competitive edge in the international markets. In addition, this study will discuss financial reporting disclosure quality implications relevant to the policy makers in Bursa Malaysia, and it is envisaged that such model can be utilised in the improvement of future financial reporting policies.

CROWDSOURCING: A STRATEGY FOR FIRM PERFORMANCE IN THE PLASTIC MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

The heavy reliance of manufacturing firms in the south-eastern part of Nigeria on their team of experts in Research and Development (R & D), to come up with new ideas and innovation, and the neglect of the input of customers in this process necessitated this study to examine the nexus between crowdsourcing and firm performance in the plastic manufacturing sector in southeast Nigeria. The work was anchored on the Human Capital Theory. The study adopted a survey research design as the most suited for the work. Two states were selected judgmentally, because of the concentration of plastic manufacturing firms in those States. Eighteen plastic manufacturing firms were selected randomly, with a population strength of 328. The sample size was 176, arrived at using Krejcie and Morgan formula. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection, and it was subjected to content validity and reliability tests using correlation method, which returned a coefficient of 0.879. The data collected were analyzed using regression analysis through the ordinary least square method, at a 5% level of significance. Findings revealed that a positive relationship exists between the variables (r = .973). A 95% change in new product development was accounted for by changes in open collaboration in the plastic manufacturing sector in Southeast Nigeria (R2 = .947, F = 2802.884, p-value < 0.05). The study, therefore, concluded that involving customers in the process of new product creation is key to its acceptability by the public. As a result, it was recommended that the managers and owners of plastic manufacturing companies need to find a way to get the customers involved in their idea generation and new product creation for a sustained creditable performance. Keywords: Crowdsourcing, Firm Performance, Plastic Manufacturing Sector, Open Collaboration and New Product Development.

Dynamic Managerial Capability and the Longevity of a Family Business

This study is motivated by evidence that entrepreneur capacity influence business opportunities detection and a manager's capability to manage a company's resources by adapting business to changes in sector, economy, and market. Strategy studies also argue that we should look at individuals and not only at organizational strategy, seeking to broaden the understanding of the phenomenon of strategic management. This way, owner´s agency, especially concerning family businesses in a developing country's economic environment, can be a differential regarding business longevity. In this context, this study aims to identify What is the participation of the managerial capability for the longevity of a family business operating in the Brazilian industrial market for 30 years. The managerial capability are based on three main management factors: human capital, social capital, and cognition (Adner & Helfat, 2003). To develop this study, a qualitative case study was conducted with a family firm active in the hospital products sector. The dynamic aspect of the combination, transfer and recombination of resources is dealt with by the analysis of the company's trajectory throughout its existence. The results point that the individual capabilities of the members´ family orchestrate the business strategy in a complementary manner composing the firm managerial capability.

ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS DAN LUAS TANAMAN JERUK SIAM SAMBAS TAHUN 2015-2020

Siam orange is a commodity of Sambas district and is one of the types of agriculture developed by the Sambas district government, besides that, Sambas district is a pilot area in the agricultural sector in West Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of plant area and productivity of Siam oranges in 2015-2020. The research approach is a cross sectional study. This data is secondary data with a time series (time series) obtained from the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Sambas Regency. In addition, this research is quantitative descriptive. The results showed that Tebas District is one of the areas that has a plant expansion rate among other districts, while productivity (kg/tree) is mostly found in Sebawi, Sambas, Jawai, South Jawai, Tebas, Semparuk, Salatiga, Teluk Keramat Districts. Tekarang, Selakau timur, Pemangkat and Selakau. Average productivity results. Siam orange ranges from 33 kg / tree. Increasing the number of plants and products in chayote in Sambas Regency is one of the business opportunities in the agricultural sector and agricultural products can be developed into other preparations such as food and non food.

OPTIMIZATION OF STAPLE PRODUCTS USING THE SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION REFERENCE (SCOR) TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN CENTRAL JAVA

The role of the Supply Chain affects the value of domestic products that arise in an area is not the same as the income received by residents of the area. It can be seen that the staple products sector dominates 61.55% of the distribution of products in Central Java. So, this is an important factor in measuring the Supply Operations Chain that occurs in these commodities. The high costs incurred in this sector encourage us to continue to improve our operational performance to reduce costs as low as possible. The condition is what the public/consumers want so that the gap between production costs and distribution costs of existing products is not too far away. This study aims to measure consumer satisfaction with the Supply Chain in the area and optimize the Supply Chain model that can be done to improve operational processes in the upstream (supplier) and downstream (distribution channels) of the Supply Chain in Central Java. The data analysis method used is the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR). This model serves to weigh the importance of measuring customer satisfaction with the Supply Chain in the area, and efforts to improve operational performance can be made by minimizing failure in the process so that delivery to consumers is on time. The results of the SCOR model show that Asset, Agility, and Cost are variables that must be improved in the logistics process in Central Java.

Türk İmalat Sanayinde Rekabet ve Verimlilik İlişkisi: Firma Düzeyinde Bir Analiz

This study aims to analyze the effect of competition on total factor productivity (TFP) for selected 77 companies operating in the manufacturing industry for the 2011-2019 period. The competitiveness of firms is calculated using the Lerner index. Total factor productivity is estimated based on the cost function using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method. As a result of the estimation, the total factor productivity growth rate decreases rapidly after 2015 and becomes negative in 2018 and 2019. Although the average Lerner index, which shows the competitive power of the companies, is 35.06%, there is no significant change in the level of competition. Among the sectors, while the Basic Metal Industry is the lowest sector in terms of TFP growth rate; the sector with the highest TFP growth is the Chemicals, Petroleum Rubber and Plastic Products sector. On the other hand, while the most competitive sector is the Paper and Paper Products, Printing and Publishing, the sector with the least competition is the Non-Metallic Mineral Products Sub-sector. The findings of the study shows that the relationship between competition and total factor productivity is not linear. The estimated competition (1-Lerner index) threshold value for firms is 0.322. When competition is below the threshold, the effect of increased competition on total factor productivity is insignificant. When competition is above the threshold, the effect of increased competition on total factor productivity is positive and statistically significant.

Emissivity measurements on reflective insulation materials

Abstract The development and use of new thermal insulation products in many industrial sectors, ranging from building insulations to power generation or satellite applications, requires the accurate knowledge of the radiative properties of the investigated material, i. e. its emissivity. A major objective of the research project “Improvement of emissivity measurements on reflective insulation materials” within the framework of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research was to improve and validate reference techniques for the measurement of the total hemispherical emissivity of low emissivity foils with an absolute measurement uncertainty below 0.03. The calibration and measurement procedures developed within this project shall lead to a significant benefit for industrial manufacturers of reflective foils as well as for the end-users of the industrial instruments used to characterize them.

Classification of Subsectors in the Agriculture Sector and Featured Agriculture Products in Badung District, Bali

The research objectives were: (1) To classify the subsectors in the Agriculture sector in Badung District into prime subsectors, potential subsectors, developing subsectors, and underdeveloped subsectors; (2) Identifying featured products, locality and specialization in each subsector in the Agriculture sector in Badung District. The types of data collected are quantitative and qualitative data, sourced from secondary sources and primary sources. Data collection methods are documentation, observation, and interviews. The data analysis methods were Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ), Localization Coefficient (α) and Specialization Coefficient (β). The results showed that the nine subsector in the Agriculture sector in Badung District can be classified into two classes, namely five subsectors including the developing subsectors, namely food crops, seasonal horticulture crops, annual horticulture crops, livestock and fisheries. Meanwhile, the four subsectors are included in the underdeveloped subsector, namely seasonal plantations, annual plantations, agriculture and hunting services, and forestry and logging. The main products in each developing subsector include: In the food crop subsector are lowland rice and soybean. In the livestock subsector are cows, goats, pigs, laying hens, broilers, village chickens, and ducks. In the fisheries subsector, are tuna, selar fish, snapper, yellow tail and shrimp.