Productivity Of Sunflower Hybrids Research Articles

Продуктивность подсолнечника в зависимости от основной обработки почвы и агрохимикатов

In modern conditions the most effective way to increase the gross production of sunflower oilseeds is the selection of the most productive hybrids and realisation of their potential productivity by improving sunflower cultivation technology for specific soil and climatic conditions of the zone. Therefore, this topic is certainly relevant. Field experience was conducted on the experimental field of LLC ‘Kolos’ Mikhailovsky district of Volgograd region in 2020-2023. The main purpose of the research was to determine the optimal methods of basic cultivation, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the productivity of sunflower hybrids for the subzone of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. On average for 2021-2023 years, the lowest photosynthetic potential of sunflower Suzuka was formed on the variant of disc tillage at a depth of 0.18-0.20 m without the use of leaf fertilisers with microfertilisers and was equal to 1062 thousand m2 day/ha. The lowest photosynthetic potential of sunflower Suzuka was formed on the variant of disc tillage at a depth of 0.18-0.20 m without the application of leaf fertilisers with microfertilisers and was equal to 1062 thousand m2 day/ha. The highest photosynthetic potential of 1755 thousand m2 day/ha was formed on the variant of ploughing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m with the application of fertiliser Fulvigrain. The lowest biological yield on average for 2021-2023 years was formed on the variant of shallow disc cultivation without application of leaf fertiliser and was 2.04 t/ha. The highest biological yield was formed on the variant of ploughing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m with the application of fertiliser Fulvigrain and was 3.02 t/ha.The lowest economic yield on average for 2021-2023 years was formed on the variant of shallow disc cultivation without application of leaf fertiliser and was 1.94 t/ha.On the variant with application of fertiliser Aidamin economic yield was 0.13 t/ha higher.In the variant with application of Fulvigrain fertiliser the economic yield was 0.21 t/ha more compared to the control variant.On variants of flat-cutting tillage at a depth of 0.25-0.27 m economic yield in comparison with variants on the background of disc tillage at a depth of 0.18-0.20 m was 0.48-0.63 t/ha more.The highest economic yield was formed on the variant of ploughing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m with the application of Fulvigrain fertiliser and was 2.88 t/ha.

THE ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE FORMATION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS PRODUCTIVITY

The results of the study of the influence of plant growth regulators and basic nutrients on the productivity of sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups are presented. The research was carried out on the basis of the farm of LLC "Organic-D" in the village of Sutisky, Vinnytsia region, during 2021-2022. The soils of the experimental plot are gray forest soils with medium loamy texture and slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution. The content of the main nutrients is typical for this type of soil. The research was conducted on three sunflower hybrids: early maturing –Oskil, mid-early - NK Delphi and mid-early - NK Condi by applying the plant growth regulator (PGR) DEFENDA Vertex (0.5 l/t) and mineral fertilizer at the rate of N45P45K45 d.p. m. The technology of sunflower cultivation is generally accepted for the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, except for the factors under study. We have found that the use of seed treatment with PPP DEFENDA Vertex and the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45 on the crops of the studied sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups led to an improvement in the morphological structure of plants, an increase in their productivity, which ultimately led to an increase in oil yield per unit area. The maximum value of plant height, number of flowers and seeds in the basket of the studied hybrids in the variant with the combined application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45 with the treatment of seeds with PPP DEFENDA Vertex: Oskil - 163.3 cm, 1129 pcs. and 923 pcs, NC Delphi - 187.1 cm 1247 and 967 pcs. and NC Condi - 171.7 cm 1335 and 995 pcs. respectively. The highest level of yield, on average for two years of research, was obtained in the variant with the use of seed treatment with PPP DEFENDA Vertex and the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45 in the sunflower hybrid Oskil - 2.78 t/ha, NC Delphi - 2.95 t/ha, mid-season NC Condi - 3.09 t/ha, which is 0.48-0.59 t/ha more compared to the control variant. Seed treatment with PPP DEFENDA Vertex provided an increase in yield of 0.27-0.36 /ha, compared to the control variant (without seed treatment and fertilization). Seed treatment with PGR DEFENDA Vertex contributed to the growth of oil content in the seeds of the studied hybrids and it was 46.9%, 49.7 and 54.5%, and the combination of seed treatment with PGR DEFENDA Vertex and the introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing cultivation provided the highest value of oil content - 47.8%, 50.1 and 55.7%, respectively. The acid number of oil had an ambiguous value when using the studied factors. The highest value of huskiness was obtained when using a combination of seed treatment with PGR DEFENDA Vertex with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing cultivation in the hybrid Oskil - 23.7%, NC Delphi - 26.3% and NC Condi - 24.9%. The combined use of seed treatment with PGR DEFENDA Vertex and mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45 showed the highest value of oil yield per unit area - 1.47 t/ha, 1.61 and 1.72 t/ha, respectively, in hybrids Oskil, NK Delphi and NK Condi.

Genotype-environment interaction in the variability of yield associated indices under stress conditions in sunflower

Abstract The impact of biotic (infestation with the Orobanche cumana) and abiotic stress (drought) factors on the productivity indicators of sunflower hybrids was evaluated in two years, 2020 and 2021, which were significantly different regarding to the weather conditions. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on 10 parameters: plant height (PH); leaf number (LN); leaf area (LA); seed yield (SY); leaf area index (LAI); chlorophyll a content (Chla); chlorophyll b content (Chlb); carotenoids content (Car); chlorophyll pigment ratio (Chla/b); total of chlorophyll pigments (Chla+b), that are directly or indirectly associated with the productivity of sunflower hybrids. The first two PCs explained 75 % (drought stress for 2020) and 83 %, respectively (stress caused by broomrape infestation), of the total variance of parameters or hybrids. A higher number of positive correlations were identified between the studied morpho-physiological indices differentiating the hybrids. The SY index correlated with PH, LN, LAI, LA (r = 0.54–0.78) under biotic and abiotic stress. Also, seed yield related with the content of pigments (r = 0.65–0.79) in the case of infested hybrids with broomrape. The infested hybrid H11, in both years, showed the highest values for most of the analyzed indices, indicating a relatively high degree of tolerance to the combined stressors.

Вплив доз мінерального удобрення та стимуляторів росту на продуктивність гібридів соняшнику

Вплив доз мінерального удобрення та стимуляторів росту на продуктивність гібридів соняшнику

DRIP IRRIGATION REGIMES AND EFFICIENCY OF WATER USE BY SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS

The article presents the results of experimental research on the effect of drip irrigation system designs on the formation of irrigation regimes, productivity, and efficiency of water use by sunflower hybrids. In addition, the main components of evapotranspiration were taken into account, and coefficients of water consumption (WCC), irrigation efficiency (IE), and irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) were chosen as criteria for the efficiency of drip irrigation. Short-term field research was carried out during 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Kherson region, subzone of the Dry Steppe). Analytical and mathematical as well as statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of the three-factor field experiment provided various options for laying irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes), as well as the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The version with a natural moisture supply (without irrigation) was the control. The results of experimental research proved that the method of laying drip irrigation pipelines had a direct effect on the parameters of the formation of drip irrigation regimes and the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. The mechanism of evapotranspiration formation of sunflower crops in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions has been determined. It was statistically proven that the application of subsoil drip irrigation with the laying of irrigation pipelines at a depth of 0.3 m and a distance between them of 1.0 m is the most appropriate for growing sunflower hybrids. This is explained by biological features, namely drought resistance of this crop. Thus, in field experiments, the variant with in-soil laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield (4.01-4.09 t/ha) when having lower crop water consumption coefficients (1088.7-1125.7 m3/t) and higher efficiency of irrigation water use – 2.27-2.41 kg of grain per 1 m3 of irrigation water.

KASP Markers Specific for the Fertility Restorer Locus Rf1 and Application for Genetic Purity Testing in Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.).

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) PET1 by the restorer gene Rf1. For these SNPs, four Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully designed. The KASP markers cover the fertility restorer locus Rf1, spanning about 3 Mb, and clearly differentiate restorer and maintainer lines. For genetic purity testing in sunflower hybrid production, the efficiency for detecting contaminations in samples was simulated using mixtures of hypocotyls or leaves. Contaminations of restorer lines with 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 50% of maintainer lines were screened with all four KASP markers. Contaminations of 10% could be clearly detected in pools of 100 plants. Contaminations below this level require detection on a single plant level. For single plant detections, ethyl methanesulfonate-treated sunflower F1 hybrids, which had been phenotypically evaluated for male sterility (potential mutation in the Rf1 gene) were screened. Nine identified either partially male-sterile or male-sterile plants were analyzed with all four KASP markers and only one proved to be a hybrid with a mutation, seven were male-sterile contaminants in the F1 seeds used (1.6%) and one a recombinant plant. The four KASP markers should be valuable tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sunflower breeding regarding the restorer locus Rf1.

The influence of growing technology elements on the productivity of sunflower hybrids with different maturing dates

The influence of growing technology elements on the productivity of sunflower hybrids with different maturing dates

Management of productivity of sunflower plants depending on terms of sowing and density of standing in arid conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine

The article presents the results of scientific research conducted in 2016–2018, in order to determine the impact of sowing dates and standing density on the growth, development and productivity of sunflower hybrids. The field experiment was performed by the method of splitting plots in three replications in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture of the Steppe of NAAS in arid conditions of the Right Bank Steppe of Ukraine. The material for the study were sunflower hybrids of the middle-early maturity group – Forward, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 5582 (Factor A); terms of sowing – the first when warming up the soil at a depth of seed wrapping to 5–6°C, the second when warming up the soil at a depth of seed wrapping to 7–8°C, the third when warming up the soil at a depth of seed wrapping to 9–10°C (Factor B); density of standing plants – 50, 60, 70 thousand per hectare (Factor C).Research found that the productivity of sunflower plants directly depends on the temperature of the soil (sowing dates), optimal water regime, density of standing plants, genetic and morphological characteristics of hybrids. It is also established that by regulating timing of sowing and selecting the optimal density of standing plants can affect the growth and development of sunflower plants, bypassing critical periods during cultivation. The optimal time for sowing sunflower for hybrids LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 is warming the soil at depth of seed wrapping up to 5–6°C, for hybrids Forward and LG 56.32 is warming the soil at a depth of seed wrapping up to 9–10°C. On average, according to the years of research, the highest seed yield of 3.85 t ha–1 was formed by the hybrid LG 55.82, which is higher than that of the hybrids Forward, LG 54.85 and LG 56.32 by 19.8%; 5.5% and 6.0%, respectively. It is established that the optimal density of sunflower is 60 thousand plants per hectare. Thus, sunflower productivity varied significantly under the influence of the morphobiological features of the hybrid – factor A (the proportion of impact was 47.5%), density of standing plants (factor C) – 5.4%, sowing time (factor B) – 3.4%.

Productivity of sunflower hybrids with erectoid leaves at various plant densities

We carried out the research in 2018–2019 in the Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem, low-humus, extra-heavy, heavy-loamy to study the possibility of cultivation of new sunflower genotypes with a compact habitus at a high plant density (80 000, 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha) and a row width of 35 cm. We chose sunflower hybrids of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops with the normal (Triumph and Berkut) and the erectoid (Triumph er-2, Triumph Er-3, Berkut er-2, Berkut Er-3) leaf position as an object of research. The high lodging capacity of the erectoid hybrids Triumph еr-2 (30.2%) and Triumph Еr-3 (10.9%) suggests potential yield losses due to non-threshing of heads during the combine harvesting. The highest productivity and oil content of seeds of normal and erectoid hybrids was obtained at the plant density of 80 000 plants/ha. The densification of sowings to 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha led to a decrease in the traits of yield structure and productivity. The limited resources of the environment do not allow achieving both high productivity and product quality in sowings with the plant density exceeding 80 000 plants/ha. The compact habitus of sunflower plants is not a determining factor in the development of productivity of sowings with a high plant density.

Yield plasticity of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To determine the level of productivity of sunflower hybrids, their stability and plasticity for cultivation in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.Methods. The field experiment was performed in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2016–2018. The peculiarities of plant growth and development, formation of yield of hybrids ‘Ukrainskyi F1’ (k), ‘P64LL125’, ‘P63LE10’, ‘P64F50’, ‘P64F66’, ‘P63LL06’, ‘NK Konti’ (k), ‘NK Brio’, ‘P64LE99’, ‘Laskala’, ‘Kupava’. Yield plasticity was calculated and analyzed by the Ebergard – Russell method.Results. Over the years of research, the average yield of sunflower hybrids in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine varied from 2.71 to 4.04 t/ha. The lowest yield was shown by the ‘Ukrainskyi F1’ hybrid – 2.42–3.05 t/ha, the highest ‘Laskala’ – 3.79–4.26 t/ha. It was determined that in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, there is no absolute predominance of medium-ripe hybrids in terms of yield.Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of yield plasticity of sunflower hybrids, it was determined that the group of samples with high yield plasticity includes ‘Ukrainskyi F1’, ‘P64F50’, ‘P64F66’, ‘NK Konti’, ‘NK Brio’, ‘P64LE99’, ‘Lascala’ and ‘Kupava’. They respond to the improvement of the level of agricultural technology and provide the maximum yield only under the conditions of optimal factors. Hybrids ‘P64LL125’, ‘P63LE10’ and ‘P63LL06’ are more stable in response to changes in growing conditions without reductions in yield. As for the shares of the influence of the studied factors, the yield of the hybrid ‘Ukrainskyi F1’ was most influenced by the conditions of the year, ‘NK Brio’ – the sowing rate. For the ‘NK Ferti’ hybrid, the conditions of the year and the sowing rate are equally important.

FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF FERTILIZATION AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS

Currently, there is a significant gap between the production and consumption of vegetable oils in Ukraine, as a significant part of them is exported to the European Union. Therefore, in order to quantify the comparative performance of different sunflower hybrids under the influence of different moisture conditions and nitrogen fertilizer rates, this study was conducted. The studied variants included three hybrids of sunflower Hysun 33, Hysun 38 and Pioneer-64A93, five rates of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha ), arranged randomly in quadruplicate. Field research was conducted for two years under three different conditions of moisture (insufficient, unstable and sufficient) in the research areas of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The results of the study showed that the productivity of sunflower hybrids varied greatly in response to the application of nitrogen fertilizers and different humidification conditions. The maximum seed yield of 3,177 t / ha was obtained under conditions of sufficient moisture. Among the studied hybrids, the hybrid Hysun 38, surpassed the other two hybrids, providing a yield of 3.083 t / ha and a seed oil content of 41%. There was an increase in the yield of hybrids with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizers, and the maximum yield was obtained by applying 180 kg / ha of nitrogen in dr. Studies have shown that the yield potential of hybrid Hysun 38 can be fully used by applying nitrogen fertilizers at a rate of 180 kg / ha in conditions of insufficient moisture. Higher nitrogen levels contributed to the significant formation of vegetative mass, thus balancing in favor of reproductive growth. Achieving a yield plateau with 180 kg / ha of nitrogen fertilizers means that an additional dose of nitrogen fertilizers did not contribute to further yield growth. The presence of a strong correlation between the yield of hybrids and nitrogen norms indicates that the yield depends on the presence of a sufficient amount of nitrogen in the soil. The highest yield was obtained by hybrid Hysun 38 - 3,662 t / ha with the introduction of 180 kg / ha of nitrogen. The oil content in the seeds varied significantly depending on different moisture conditions, hybrids and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The maximum oil content of 42.8% was obtained in conditions of sufficient moisture, in conditions of unstable - 40.9% and in conditions of insufficient - 40.4%

Productivity of sunflower hybrids in terms of different mineral nutrition in arid conditions of the lower Volga region

The article presents the results of experimental work on assessing the yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups when the levels of mineral nutrition change in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region. It was found out that due to a small amount of vegetation precipitation and an acute moisture deficit in the second half of the growing season, the highest yield of oilseeds in the Saratov Left Bank is formed by hybrids of early maturing sunflower groups. Of the studied hybrids, the early ripening hybrid Svetlana (2.43 t / ha) was distinguished by the highest yield in arid conditions, the mid-early - EU Savana (2.02 t / ha) and the mid-season - EU Generalis SL (2.14 t / ha). It was revealed that the content of fat in oilseeds increases markedly from early maturing to mid-early and then mid-season sunflower hybrids - from 46.2–52.9 to 48.6–54.4 and up to 51.2–55.4%, respectively. At the same time, the maximum oil content was in variants with the application of mineral fertilizers.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МИКРОУДОБРИТЕЛЬНОЙ СМЕСИ АГРОМИНЕРАЛ ПРИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИИ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА ПО СИСТЕМЕ CLEARFILD В ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The purpose of the research is the developing of methods for increasing the productivity of sunflower hybrids culti-vated on the basis of the Clearfield system, when applying fertilizers and up-to-date micro-fertilizing Agromineral mixture within the conditions of the middle Volga forest-steppe. One of main factors increasing the economic poten-tial of sunflower is the introduction on a great scale of highly productive hybrids and the improvement of its cultiva-tion technology. Fertilizers rational use and foliage spraying in order to increase the yield and improve its quality indicators is the basis for effective crop production. The Samara agricultural University experimental field was pro-vided for the research to be conducted. The scheme developed envisaged application of fertilizers at a dose of 10:26:26 NPK with a norm of 100 kg/ha of Diammophos and 60 kg/ha of Nitrabor, followed by treatment of sunflow-er hybrids during 
 4-6-crop stage with micro-fertilizing agromineral mixture. The results of research for 2017-2019 are presented with an assessment of sunflower hybrid photosynthetic potential, yield and oil content at different fertilizer dose applica-tion and treatment of crops by microfertilizing Agromineral mixture. On average, over three years of research, the maximum photosynthetic potential is observed in hybrids: in the control group without both fertilization and vegeta-tion treatment – 8H358KLDM (3.066 million m2/ha days), when fertilizing use – LH 5555 KL (4.008 million m2/ha days). 
 On average, for 3 years of research, the yield of sunflower hybrid on the basis when no fertilization was used amounted to 22.5...28.7 C/ha, and with fertilization – 27.2...33.3 C/ha. With the use of microfertilizing Agromineral mixture, but no fertilizers added oil yield amounted to 13.23 C/ha. The same result was obtained on a fertilized field 15.60 C/ha.

Foliar nutritionin modern sunfl ower hybrid growing technologies

The results of the study on foliar nutrition infl uence on the productivity of sunfl ower hybrids are presented in the article. The research was carried out in the period 2018–2019 in the conditions of the experimental fi eld of VNAU on the basis of NRF "Agronomichne," located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. The research studied two hybrids of sunfl ower mid-early ripenessgroup: Basfora and Sanai MR in the application of foliar nutrition microfourings Vanguard R Sunfl ower which was introduced into the phase 3–4 and 6–8 pairs of leaves. Thesoil on the experimental plot is a gray forest middle-loamy. According to the results of measurements, the height of plants in Basfora sunfl ower hybrid on control, on average for two years of research was 181.0 cm, and Sanai MR hybrid – 169.5 cm. When applying microfertilizers in phase 3–4 pairs of Bosphora leaves – 186.0 cm, Sanai MR – 174.5 cm, in phase 6–8 pairs of Bosphora leaves – 187.5 cm, Sanai MR – 174.5 cm and with double application microfertilizers in phase 3–4 and 6–8 leaves – 191,0 and 175,0 cm, respectively for the hybrids of Bosphora and Sanai MR. Foliar nutrition reduces the number of plants aff ected by gray rot by 1.2–2.5 % for the Bosphora hybrid and 1.0–1.7 % for the Sanai MR hybrid and white rot – Bosphora by 1.6–2 in the studied sunfl ower hybrids, 1 % and Sanai MR – 0.6–1.4 %. Carrying out foliar nutrition contributed to the growth of the mass of seeds from one plant. In particular, application of microelements Vanguard R Sunfl ower in phase 3–4 pairs of leaves provides the following value of seed weight from one plant: Basfora – 45.0 grams, Sanai MG – 40.5 grams, introduction in phase 6–8 pairs of leaves 44.7 and 39 7 grams, and two-day introduction of this microelement in phase 3–4 and 6–8 pairs of leaves – 48.6 and 42.6 grams. It is also noted that the implementation of foliar nutrition provided an increase in the number of seeds in the infl orescence (basket). On control (without nutrition), the number of seeds from the basket, respectively, was 698 and 663 pieces, for the hybrid of the Bosphora and Sanai MR. The lowest productivity of the studied sunfl ower hybrids was formed on the control (without foliar feeding): Bosphora – 2.85 t/ha and Sanai MR – 2.79 t/ha. The highest productivity on sunfl ower crops in the studied hybrids was obtained under double foliar nutrition of sunfl ower with microfertilizers Avanhard R in the phase 3–4 and 6–8 pairs of leaves and on average during the years of research it amounted to 3.19 t/ha for the Basfora hybrid and 3.14 t/ha for the Sanai MR hybrid, which is 0.44 and 0.35 % more than the control. Key words: sunfl ower, productivity, hybrid, foliar nutrition, microfertilizers, development phase, disease, pests.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОЗ ВНЕСЕНИЯ МИКРОУДОБРИТЕЛЬНОЙ СМЕСИ АГРОМИНЕРАЛ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ГИБРИДОВ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА

The work presents the results of studies for 2017-2019, aimed at developing methods for increasing the productivity of sunflower hybrids cultivated according to the Clearfield system when using the microfertilizing mixture Agromineral in the forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga region. The results of the studies showed that the safety of plants at the time of harvesting is up to 91.8%; the maximum safety is achieved when processing crops by vegetation with Agromineral microfertilizing mixture at a dose of 3 l/ha. The leaf area increased until the budding phase, reaching a maximum of 99.2 thousand m2/ha, on a mid-season hybrid when processing crops with a dose of 3 l/ha, and then, due to drying of the lower leaves, it begins to decrease to the phase of the onset of flowering to 37.8 ... 57.9 thousand m2/ha. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential is formed by crops of the mid-season hybrid 8N477KLDM - 4.781 million m2/ha days. The use of fertilizers and micronutrient mixtures increases its value and, as a result, increases productivity by 9.09 ... 9.36 kg/ha with an absolute indicator of 27.2 ... 33.2 kg/ha.

The formation of agrophytocenoses of sunflower hybrids when using fertilizers in the Middle Volga forest-steppe

The methods of increasing productivity of sunflower hybrids using fertilizers and a micronutrient mixture Agromineral in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga were described. The results of 2017–2018 studies are presented. The leaf area, the photosynthetic potential, the crop structure and the yield at different doses of fertilizers were assessed. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential is formed by crops of the mid-season hybrid 8H477KLDM (4.386 million m2/ha per day). The use of fertilizers and micronutrient mixtures increases the photosynthetic potential and productivity by 9.09 ... 9.36 c/ha with an absolute value of 29.46 ... 31.83 c/ha.

АГРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ГИБРИДОВ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia. In 2013-2017, in the Ryazan region, field experiment was conducted on dark gray forest soil, the Hungarian sunflower hybrids BA-306, Samanta, Nova, Walcer, Larissa were subjected to studies. The 
 natural and climatic conditions of the southern part of the Ryazan region are favorable for the cultivation of oilseeds and are characterized by the following indicators: the sum of the active air temperatures is 2200-2350°C, the rain-fall during the growing period is 510-560 mm. As a result of the measurements of the main morphometric parame-ters, Larissa and Samanta, were identified as the tallest hybrids. The average height of plants produced by these hybrids reached 219 and 205 cm, respectively. The BA-306 hybrid (176 cm) had the smallest parameters. Walcer hybrid plants formed the largest area of the assimilation surface and amounted to 31.6 thousand m2/ha. The area of the leaves of other Hungarian sunflower hybrids was less by 11.0-19.9%. The lowest values of this indicator were observed in the hybrid Nova. In Samanta, Walcer and Larissa hybrids, the diameter of the anthodium exceed-ed 21 cm. However, the Samanta hybrid anthodium resulted in the smallest productive area – 73.5%. The largest mass of 
 1000 seeds was obtained from hybrids BA-306 and Nova and amounted to 61.4 and 62.2 g respectively. Due to the yield, the Hungarian hybrids were arranged in the following order: Nova, Samanta, Larissa, BA-306, Walcer. This pattern was observed both taken from average values over the years of research, during each year separately. The oil content of all studied sunflower hybrids was high and amounted to 48.4-51.2%. The ability of Hungarian sun-flower hybrids to produce high yields of good quality when grown in the conditions of the Ryazan region, belonging to the southern part of the Non-Chernozem zone, is established.

Effect of methods of irrigation and sulphur nutrition on seed yield, economic and bio-physical water productivity of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of methods of irrigation and sulphur nutrition on productivity of sunflower hybrids at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during spring season of 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and treatments comprises combination of two hybrids (PSH 1962 and PSH 996), two methods of irrigation (drip and furrow irrigation) and four sulphur levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha−1). PSH 1962 recorded 12.9% higher seed yield with 27.3% higher economic water productivity because of significantly superior yield attributing characters viz. capitulum diameter, capitulum weight, seeds per capitulum and 1000 seed weight than PSH-996. PSH 1962 recorded Rs 9393 ha−1 higher net returns along with 10.8 and 3.5% higher bio-physical water productivity (BPWP) and oil content than PSH 996, respectively. Drip irrigated crop produced significantly higher seed yield along with saving of 38.0% irrigation water and 32.6% higher water use efficiency as compared to furrow irrigated crop. Net returns, bio-physical and economic water productivity were also 32.7, 5.3 and 20.9% higher in drip than furrow irrigation, respectively. Seed yield increased successively and significantly with each increment in sulphur from 0 to 60 kg S ha−1. Sulphur nutrition with 60 kg ha−1 recorded 31.1, 18.8 and 8.0% higher seed yield than 0, 20 and 40 kg ha−1, respectively. Oil content increased to the tune of 3.2, 1.9 and 0.8% with 60 kg S ha−1 than 0, 20 and 40 kg S ha−1, respectively. Net returns were Rs 11,185 ha−1 higher from 60 kg S ha−1 than control (0 kg S ha−1) with 23.3% higher benefit: cost. Economic water productivity improved to the tune of Rs 2.32 with 60 kg S ha−1 over control (0 kg S ha−1) with each cubic metre of consumptive use (actual evapotranspiration). Drip irrigated crop produced 18.8, 12.2 and 11.3% higher seed yield than furrow irrigated with 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha−1. Drip irrigation also resulted in Rs 4.01, 2.49, 1.18 and 0.02 higher net returns with each cubic metre of consumptive use than furrow irrigation with 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg S ha−1, respectively.

Productivity of Sunflower Hybrids (Helianthus Annuus L.) Under The Effect of AKM Plant Growth Regulator In The Conditions Low Moisture of Southern Steppe of Ukraine

The results of studies on the influence of AKM plant growth regulator (PGR) on growth, development and yield formation of different sunflower hybrids (Zubr, Odes'kyi 249, Forvard, Yason) in low humidity of the southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. Presowing treatment of seeds of different sunflower hybrids with AKM plant growth regulator causes an increase in leaf surface area by an average of 7%; increases sunflower plant resistance to abiotic stress and increases productivity by 13 - 31%.

Response of sunflower hybrids to nitrogen application grown under different agro-environments

ABSTRACTA wide gap exists between production and consumption of vegetable oils in Pakistan. Thereby, a significant proportion (2.28 million tons) of vegetable oils is being imported at the cost of 2257 million US$. Therefore, the present study was conducted to quantify the comparative performance of various sunflower hybrids as influenced by various levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer under different agro-environments. The experimental treatments consisted of three sunflower hybrids (Hysun33, Hysun38, and Pioneer-64A93) and five levels of N fertilizer (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg N ha−1), arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot with four replications. The field trials were conducted for two consecutive crop seasons under three different agro-ecologies (arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid) in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The results of the study demonstrated that the productivity of sunflower hybrids varied greatly in response to N fertilization and different ecologies. Maximum achene yield of 3177 kg ha−1 was harvested under sub-humid environment, followed by the semi-arid one. Among the hybrids, Hysun38 excelled the other two hybrids with a production of 3083 kg ha−1 and 41% oil contents. Generally, the productivity of hybrids increased with the increasing doses of N fertilizer. Maximum achene yield was obtained by addition of 180 kg N ha−1. The findings of the study revealed that yield potential of Hysun-38 could be exploited by addition of N fertilizer at the rate of 180 kg N ha−1 under sub-humid environment.