FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF FERTILIZATION AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS

Abstract

Currently, there is a significant gap between the production and consumption of vegetable oils in Ukraine, as a significant part of them is exported to the European Union. Therefore, in order to quantify the comparative performance of different sunflower hybrids under the influence of different moisture conditions and nitrogen fertilizer rates, this study was conducted. The studied variants included three hybrids of sunflower Hysun 33, Hysun 38 and Pioneer-64A93, five rates of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha ), arranged randomly in quadruplicate. Field research was conducted for two years under three different conditions of moisture (insufficient, unstable and sufficient) in the research areas of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The results of the study showed that the productivity of sunflower hybrids varied greatly in response to the application of nitrogen fertilizers and different humidification conditions. The maximum seed yield of 3,177 t / ha was obtained under conditions of sufficient moisture. Among the studied hybrids, the hybrid Hysun 38, surpassed the other two hybrids, providing a yield of 3.083 t / ha and a seed oil content of 41%. There was an increase in the yield of hybrids with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizers, and the maximum yield was obtained by applying 180 kg / ha of nitrogen in dr. Studies have shown that the yield potential of hybrid Hysun 38 can be fully used by applying nitrogen fertilizers at a rate of 180 kg / ha in conditions of insufficient moisture. Higher nitrogen levels contributed to the significant formation of vegetative mass, thus balancing in favor of reproductive growth. Achieving a yield plateau with 180 kg / ha of nitrogen fertilizers means that an additional dose of nitrogen fertilizers did not contribute to further yield growth. The presence of a strong correlation between the yield of hybrids and nitrogen norms indicates that the yield depends on the presence of a sufficient amount of nitrogen in the soil. The highest yield was obtained by hybrid Hysun 38 - 3,662 t / ha with the introduction of 180 kg / ha of nitrogen. The oil content in the seeds varied significantly depending on different moisture conditions, hybrids and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The maximum oil content of 42.8% was obtained in conditions of sufficient moisture, in conditions of unstable - 40.9% and in conditions of insufficient - 40.4%