Spring Barley Production Research Articles

Assessment of the silicon compounds effect on disease resistance and productivity of spring barley with a decrease in pesticide load in the south of Russia

In a small-plot field experiment, the effect of different forms of silicon compounds (tetraethoxysilane (TES) and sodium silicate) and processing methods (seeds and plants) on disease incidence and productivity of spring barley varieties was studied and the effect of diseases on productivity was evaluated. It was found that the use of silicon-containing compounds separately and in a mixture with a reduced consumption rate of fungicide led to a decrease in the infestation of barley with root rot and leaf spots. The lowest degree of disease development was observed when using a fungicide and mixtures of TES and sodium silicate with a reduced consumption rate of fungicide. The maximum yield increases were obtained by combining two types of treatment with silicon - seeds and plants. When processing seeds, the use of sodium silicate was more effective. The relationship between the development of diseases and the productivity of spring barley, primarily grain biomass, is estimated in most cases as strong and medium.

Influence of fertilizer systems on spring barley yield under conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe

The research results of the influence of fertilizer systems on the productivity of spring barley in the Right-bank Forest Steppe were presented. Traditionally fertilized backgrounds were studied: mineral, organic and organomineral (with half fertilizer rates of previous backgrounds), and the alternative to organic matter was cereal straw and biomass of green manure crops. The best backgrounds and optimal fertilizer systems for high level of grain yield were determined. The main factors that formed the productive plant density of spring barley were the rates and types of fertilizers. The improving of plant nutrition due to using of organic and mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the productive plant density in the agrocenosis and the competitiveness of plants, the reducing of weed infestation. Depending on the type of fertilizer, the grain yield of spring barley changed. Based on the research results, it was found that the combination of traditional fertilization with the application of alternative types of organic matter increased the grain yield of barley spring compared to the control variant on mineral background within 1.61–2.04 t/ha, organic – 1.69–2.14 t/ha, organomineral – 1.79–2.19 t/ha. At the same time, the yield indicators had a range: 4.86–5.29 t/ha on the mineral, 4.94–5.39 t/ha – organic and 5.04–5.44 t/ha organomineral background. The highest yield of spring barley was provided by a combined fertilizer system with half norms both mineral fertilizer and manure against the background of the afteraction of predecessor straw with compensatory dose of N10/t and green manure biomass of white mustard as organic fertilizer, and equaled of 5.44 t/ha (yield gain was 2.19 t/ha compared to control). The optimal fertilizer systems to increase of spring barley yield in conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe are combined mineral, organic and organomineral fertilizer systems, which include the use of traditional fertilizers: the action of mineral fertilizers and the afteraction of manure, as well as alternative fertilizers – the straw of predecessor with a compensatory dose of N10/t in combination with the white mustard biomass. Keywords: spring barley, predecessor by-products, mineral fertilizers, yield, fertilizer systems, grain quality.

Influence of Sapropel, Diatomite, Brown Coal and Vermicompost in Normal and Ultrafine Forms on Productivity and Quality of Spring Barley

The article presents the findings on the use of foliar treatment with suspensions of sapropel, vermicompost, diatomite of conventional grinding and in ultrafine form. Fertilizers, ground to the smallest particles in deionized water under the action of ultrasound, have a high stimulating effect on the crop and have shown better results compared to conventional milled fertilizers. The yield of spring barley of the Prairia variety non-foliar treatment with these fertilizers contributed to an increase in the grain yield of spring barley of the Prairia variety up to 22.1 %. Analysis of the structure of the yield and the chemical composition of grain has showed that diatomite, sapropel and especially vermicompost both in the usual form and especially in the ultradispersed form affect the change in indicators in comparison with the fertilized background.

The role of mineral fertilizers for controlling spring barley root rot development

The article presents data on the effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and resistance of spring barley to root rot. When applying complex mineral fertilizers, root rot development decreased to 22.1 %, the biological efficiency was 41.2 %. On the epicotyl and stem base, the root rot development index decreased by 1.8–3.0 times. The spring barley root rot was affected by weather conditions, the share of this factor was maximum throughout the growing season and amounted to 23.5 to 86.9 %, the share of the influence of mineral fertilizers varied from 6.5 to 33.3 %. Under favorable hydrothermal conditions, the root rot development index decreased to 10 %; with a decrease in the moistening regime, it increased to 40 %. When applying nitrogen-phosphorus and complex mineral fertilizers, the yield increased by 53.7 and 63.8 %. Under the favorable moistening regime, the yield increased, the dependence equation is y = 25.8–2.6x. With an increase in the susceptibility to root rot, productivity decreased, the regression equation is y = 45.58–0.84x.

Вплив систем удобрення з елементами біологізації й обробітку на урожайність, економічну й енергетичну ефективність ячменю ярого

The influence of the application of fertilizers with green manure and soil treatment on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley has been studied. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of the implemented tillage systems with elements of minimization and fertilization with elements of biologization on the productivity and economic performance of spring barley. It is established that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the aftereffect of application of high norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on typical chernozem has a positive effect on spring barley yield, increasing it, compared to control, by 0.55–1.10 t/ha per plowing, by 0, 65–1.35 t/ha for deep tillage and 0.55–1.30 t/ha for shallow tillage. It was found that the highest crop yield (3.85 t/ha) was obtained against after shallow tillage and aftereffects of fertilizer application with manure. The use of fertilizers helped to increase the protein content in the grain of spring barley. The influence of tillage systems on the protein content of barley was reliably noted only in the variant of fertilizers with straw & green manure. The use of shallow tillage with organic manure and fertilizer provides a decrease of 142.9 UAH/t of the cost of production, an increase of 886 UAH/ha of net profit and a 21.2% reduction in energy consumption compared to plowing.

Формування продуктивності ячменю звичайного ярого залежно від інокуляції насіння біопрепаратом та позакореневих підживлень в Степу України

Scientifically substantiated application the elements of technologies with the use of microbiological preparations, macro- and microfertilizers, new growth regulators of plants of organic origin, allows not only to increase grain yields, improve its quality, but also to affect the economic efficiency of spring barley cultivation. Today, biological, growth stimulants are widely used in various types of agricultural crops. They are an effective method of achieving increased productivity, increasing resistance to diseases and pests, which, in turn, makes them attractive to researchers. The introduction of biologically active substances in agricultural practice is impossible without a deep and comprehensive study of their effect on the growth and development of the plant, as it depends on the type of preparation, rate, processing time, varietal characteristics of the crop, and other factors. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of biopreparation of phosphorus mobilizing action and foliar fertilization with macro- and microfertilizers on the formation of spring barley productivity at sowing after predecessors of soybean, winter wheat, sunflower, and corn for grain in conditions of unstable soil moisture in Steppe zone. Due to significant fluctuations in weather conditions during the growing season of spring barley, by the bree­ding of ecologically adapted varieties, predecessors and using elements of technology that involve the seed treatment with biopreparations and foliar fertilization in the tillering phase of plants, one can consistently obtain grain yields at 4.32−5.23 t/ha. Improving the nutrient regime of the soil with the use of the preparation Polymyxobacterin based on the growth-stimulating bacterium Paenibacillus polimyxa KB contributed to the improvement of plant nutrition and increased the crop yield of spring barley by 0.17−0.65 t/ha depending on the predecessor. The increase in grain yield of spring barley from the use of foliar fertilizers with macro-and microfertilizers was 0.29−0.41 t/ha. The highest level of grain yield (5.68 and 5.18 t/ha) when sowing spring barley variety Statok after predecessors soybean and sunflower obtained in the trial of inoculation with phosphorus mobilizing preparation Polymyxobacterin and fertilization in the tillering phase with micro-fertilizer Reakom, after grain crops – 5.19 t/ha Polymyxobacterin + CAM 28, N8, after corn for grain – 4.92 t/ha, Polymyxobacterin + Urea, N8. The increase compared to control was 0.83 t/ha, 0.95; 0.83 and 1.25 t/ha respectively, by predecessors. The use of biopreparations based on effective microorganisms should be an integral aspect of modern agriculture, taking into account climate changes. The practical value of using biological preparations for seed inoculation before sowing in combination with foliar fertilization of macro- and microfertilizers in the period of formation of the generative organs is due not only to their efficiency but also the low cost of their use, which is an element of resource-saving technologies and eliminates environmental pollution.

The influence of direct sowing methods on the growth and productivity of spring barley in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Ukraine

The article presents the results of studies to determine the efficiency of growing spring barley depending on the methods of direct sowing in technology, which is based on the use of combined machines. It is proved that due to the use of a direct sowing seeder, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil, in front of the openers of which wavy discs are installed, the grain yield increases on average by 20 % compared to the control. Moving at high speed, the wavy discs loosen relatively narrow soil strips into which the seeds are laid by the openers, this makes it possible to more efficiently retain moisture, which subsequently significantly affects the dynamics of seedlings and the yield level of spring barley grain. The smallest weed infestation of crops was in the case of sowing with a seeder with combined cutting-type working bodies and disc coulter systems with support-press wheels. Weeds were counted after the emergence of barley seedlings. The greatest soil hardness was observed when using a seeder with disc working bodies, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil. Statistical processing of the data indicates that depth has the greatest effect on soil hardness, its influence accounted for 96 %. The force of impact on soil hardness of sowing methods was 0.76 %. The density of the soil in the zone of development of the root system of plants in all variants of the experiment did not go beyond the optimum. Before harvesting, the moisture content of the upper soil layers in variants with direct sowing was 3–5 % higher, and the moisture content of the lower layers was less by 1–2 % than in the control (the reliability of the data was determined using Fisher's criterion and was 95 %, and the difference between experimental options was significant). Key words: yield of barley, sowing, method, technologies, seeders, quality, local loosening.

Peculiarities of formation the grain productivity of spring barley depending on terms and norms of foliar fertilization.

One of the ways to improve the nutritional conditions of plants and therefore increase the productivity of agrocenoses of spring cereals, is the use of mineral fertilizers, both in their main application and in the spring fertilization of vegetative plants. And that is why the purpose of study was to improve agro-technical measures for growing spring barley, which would be based on the use of biological potential of the crop and the use of resource-saving technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted at the Erastivka Experimental Station of SI Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS during 2017–2019, according to generally known methods. Soil of experimental field – ordinary chernozem, low-humic, loamy. The humus content in arable soil layer (0–30 cm) – 4,0–4,5 %, total nitro-gen – 0,23–0,26 %, phosphorus – 0,11–0,16 %, potassium – 2,0–2,5 %, pH of water extract – 6,5–7,0. Field experiments were laid in six-field crop rotation after predecessor winter wheat. In experi-ments seeded spring barley of variety Stalker with seeding rate 4,5 million of grains/ha. Soil prepara-tion, sowing, care of crops and harvesting were carried out strictly according to the zonal recommendations. Variants in a field experiment designed systematically, with three replications. Accounting plots area – 25 m2. Arid conditions of Ukraine’s Steppe zone is quite complex. Two-thirds of land in Ukraine referred to zone of risky agriculture, but even here you can use 30–50 % and more of varieties capacity, in consideration of importance the local gene pool in creating highly adapted varieties based on local varieties and using the developed agrotechnical growing measures, that promotes plants to be resistant to dry conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine. Weather conditions during the investigation were different, which made it possible to fully assess its impact on grain productivity potential of spring small cereals. Phenological observations, analysis of yield structure elements and grain productivity of spring barley of variety Stalker when grown without fertilizers and fertilizing with N30P30K30 as well as the use of different terms and doses of foliar fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate and humic preparation humisol plus in conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. It was found that the growth, development and formation of productivity elements of spring barley plants were significantly influenced by the timing and dosing of fertilization. Earlier fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate and humisol plus, carried out on seedlings and in the tillering phase, contributed to better plant growth and development, formation of productive tillering and yield structure elements, compared with fertilization in the phase of stem elongation as in the variant of fertilized background (N30P30K30), as in the variant without the using of mineral fertilizers. Key words: spring barley, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization of plants, elements of head structure, grain yield.

Influence of methods of basic tillage on the dynamics of productive moisture reserves in spring barley crops in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine

The yield of spring barley significantly depends on the reserves of soil moisture, which ensures the implementation of all important life processes, including seed germination and rooting of seedlings, transpiration, thermoregulation and supply of nutrients to the plant. The productivity of spring barley is directly proportional to its moisture content. With sufficient soil moisture, favorable conditions for the growth and development of field crops, and ultimately increases their yield. In the northern steppe, high productivity of spring barley, provided timely and full germination, is formed due to moisture reserves accumulated in the deep layers of the soil during the autumn-winter period of the year. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of the methods of basic tillage on the accumulation and dynamics of soil moisture in spring barley crops and the level of its yield. Experimental studies were performed during 2004–2015 in a stationary field experiment at the Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The presence of wavy nanorelief during chiselling, as well as plant remains on the ridges contributed to a significant reduction in wind speed in the aboveground layer. Snowfall was concentrated in the depressions and was reliably protected from blowing. Due to this, the height of the snow cover here, according to our data, was the highest and amounted to – 14.3 cm, and as a result faster thawing of the soil and better accumulation of water. At the same time, the intensity of wet accumulation during the autumn-winter period when treated with chisel tools outweighed the options of shelf plowing by an average of 17.9 mm, and disking – 9.2 mm. The increased assimilation of cold precipitation during chiselling can also be associated with strip loosening of the soil in the furrows, which is typical for chisel units. It is established that in the northern steppe the use of canning (chisel) with a differentiated tillage system for spring barley increases the accumulation of moisture by 91.0–179.0 m2/ha in the autumn-winter period due to plant residues that retain more snow, especially in warm snowless winters. It is proved that the use of a fine mulching system of tillage, despite the reduction of grain yield, contributes to a more economical consumption of moisture per unit of crop in 1.1–1.2 times when growing spring barley. It was found that the use of annual shelf and differentiated tillage on average over the years of research provides the maximum level of yield, and the minimization of tillage in most years led to its reduction by 0.22–0.55 t/ha. The use of chiseling in a differentiated tillage system is most effective in dry years and even outweighs plowing due to the greater accumulation of productive moisture due to the presence of a significant portion of post-harvest residues of the predecessor that retain moisture under the mulch. Key words: spring barley, tillage, soil moisture, fertilizers, disking, yield.

The Correct Cover Crop Species Integrated with Slurry Can Increase Biomass, Quality and Nitrogen Cycling to Positively Affect Yields in a Subsequent Spring Barley Rotation

The aim of this study is to identify species of cover crops that cause an increase in biomass and total nutrient accumulation in response to manure/slurry. This could improve nutrient efficiency and intensify the benefits from over-winter cover crops in arable rotations and improve following commercial crop yields. In a pot experiment, sixteen cover crops were grown for 100 days in response to slurry. Growth and nutrient (N, P, K, Mg and S) accumulation were measured, and then residue was reincorporated into the soil with spring barley (Hodeum vulgare L.) sown and harvested for yield. In response to slurry, tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L.) increased N accumulation by 101% due to a significant increase in biomass and % N (p < 0.05) over its relative control plots. Significant interactions between species and the application of slurry were found in cover crop biomass, cover crop and spring barley nutrient uptake, as well as cover crop carbon accumulation, particularly in the brassica species used. Slurry integrated with cover crops both reduced the cover crop C:N ratio and enhanced nutrient cycling compared to the control when soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and spring barley crop N offtake were pooled. However, this was not observed in the legumes. This study shows that slurry integration with cover crops is a promising sustainable farming practice to sequester N and other macro-nutrients whilst providing a range of synergistic benefits to spring barley production when compared to unplanted/fallow land rotations. However, this advantage is subject to use of responsive cover crop species identified in this study.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ГУМІНОВИХ СТИМУЛЯТОРІВ ЗА УМОВИ ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ ОБРОБКИ НАСІННЯ ЗЕРНОВИХ КУЛЬТУР

Гумінові речовини є важливим елементом технології вирощування польових культур, застосовую-чи які можна впливати на ріст і розвиток рослин фактично на всіх етапах органогенезу. Метою до-сліджень було виявити ефективність протруйників, гумінових стимуляторів на процеси проростан-ня насіння, формування ознак продуктивності ячменю ярого і пшениці озимої та перспективи їхньо-го використання у виробництві. У ході проведення досліджень використано такі наукові методи: аналіз, синтез, польовий, статистичний. Статистично встановлений характер взаємозв’язків оз-нак, які вивчали в експерименті, свідчить, що головними параметрами формування продуктивності пшениці озимої є маса зерна з рослини та продуктивне кущіння, а для ячменю ярого – маса 1000 зе-рен. Проте урожайність зернових культур визначається значно складнішою системою, оскільки елементи структури продуктивності культур, зокрема маса 1000 зерен, маса зерна з рослини та кількість продуктивних пагонів прямо впливають на урожайність (r=0,34–0,71), а вона своєю чер-гою залежать від маси корінців проростка. Розраховано, що між масою корінців проростка і кількі-стю продуктивних стебел кореляція є прямою із середнім ступенем зв’язку ( r=0,54), а між масою корінців проростка і масою зерна з рослини кореляційний зв’язок сильний (r=0,85). За результатами досліджень встановлено, що застосування гуматів позитивно впливало на наростання надземної маси ячменю ярого. За умови обробки насіння пшениці озимої відзначено істотний закономірний вплив цього елементу технології на біометричні параметри рослин, однак суттєву роль відігравали і сортові властивості культури. Застосування гумінових препаратів для передпосівної обробки насін-ня UB for seeds і 1R Seed treatment призвело до зростання маси проростка на 8–19,6 %, а на пшениці – в межах 11–16 %. Потенційна врожайність зросла відповідно на 8,8–12,7 та 28,3 % відповідно.

Effectiveness of varietal resistance and risk prediction for the control of ramularia leaf spot of barley under Irish growing conditions

Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) of barley, caused by the fungal pathogen Ramularia collo-cygni, is a significant threat to the viability of spring barley production in Ireland. As a relatively new disease of barley, limited information is available on the development and impact of the disease under Irish conditions. RLS symptoms often only develop after anthesis and the final fungicide application, therefore some decision support is required for growers to be able to make sound integrated pest management (IPM) decisions. In the present study field trials were conducted on spring barley in 2016–2018 to determine if environmental conditions during stem extension, specifically leaf wetness, could be used to aid decisions relating to the intensity of fungicide control required later in the season for the control of RLS. The trials were conducted on four spring barley varieties subjected to one of five fungicide treatments at awn emergence 1) untreated control 2) pyraclostrobin 3) prothioconazole and chlorothalonil 4) decreased/increased rates of prothioconazole and chlrothalonil depending on risk of RLS development and 5) exclusion of prothioconazole or addition of bixafen depending on risk of RLS development. In 2018, although moderate-high levels of disease were predicted, a prolonged dry period post-stem extension resulted in no disease development. In 2016, 2017 moderate levels of disease developed in the trials, with various significant (P < 0.05) interactions recorded between site, year, variety and fungicide treatment, depending on specific variable assessed: visual leaf symptoms, pathogen load in the leaf or grain as determined by qPCR or final grain yield. This was further evident in the relationships between visual symptoms and detectable R. collo-cygni biomass in the leaf with yield, these contrasted between seasons with weak relationships detected in 2016 (R2 = −0.019 and R2 = 0.176 for visual and biomass respectively) and strong relationships detected in 2017 (R2 = −0.748 and R2 = −0.5 for visual and biomass respectively). The variability in responses to the variety and fungicide treatments and the relationships between visual disease symptoms and biomass further highlight the unpredictability of RLS.

Components of the biotope soil and yield of barley

The highest intensity of decomposition of plant residues under spring barley crops was in the crop rotation with sideral steam of 88%, which was higher by 2.3% compared to pure, and for tillage by 88.3%. Soil enrichment with the enzyme urease on the Zvyagintsev scale is considered average and sufficient for the conversion of ammonium nitrogen in nitrogen exchange. High intensity of decomposition of plant residues, sufficient activity of soil urease are the indicators that characterize high soil fertility, were insufficient to obtain high yields of barley. The productivity of spring barley of the Povolzhsky 65 variety in some years reached 3.2 t / ha when tillage on a fertilized background in crop rotations with pure and sideral steam. Averaged four-year results on the yield of barley showed the highest results on tillage on a fertilized background and revealed the advantage of sideral steam. The correlation coefficients of decomposition of plant residues of soil and urease activity, as well as the yield of spring barley, showed a positive correlation for all variants of the experiment, in which an increase in one indicator is associated with an increase in the other.

EFFICIENCY OF SPRING BARLEY SEED PRE-SOWING TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES

The paper shows the effect of fungicide seed pre-treatment on the productivity and infestibility of spring barley root rot which is seen as the most common and harmful disease in the Kurgan region. The authors highlight the hydrothermal conditions were favorable for spring barley cultivation within the experimental period. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer months of the vegetation period in 2017 was 1.03; 2018 - 0.89, and in 2019 - 0.95. The researchers found out that the disease progress index depended on hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period, and was reduced by means of favorable regime of moisture, root rot development. The regression equation is as follows: y = 108.7-90.9x. The researchers observed lower disease progress, with the most effective root rot suppressed by Scarlet and Polaris specimens (the disease progress index decreased to 9.6-13.1%). At pre-sowing treatment of seeds there was The impact of seedbed preparation on the disease progress index was 37.4%. When treating seeds with specimens, spring barley yield increased by 9.3-17.3%. Spring barley productivity increased under favorable hydrothermal conditions, the effect of this factor was 23,8%, and the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds was 55,5%. During the research period the spring barley yield decreased while root rot infestation increased; the regression equation is as follows: y = 28.36 - 0.49x. To reduce the infestation of root rot and increase the productivity of spring barley, the paper suggests to apply pre-sowing disinfection of seeds with specimens Scarlet (rate of consumption of 0.4 l/t) and Polaris (rate of consumption of 1.5 l/t), while the disease progress rate reduced and yield increases by 13.2-17.3%.

Impact of Seed Treatments Pre-sowing and Organo-mineral Fertilizer on Spring Barley Production

The results of this experiment showed the effect of barley seeds pre-treatments and organo-mineral fertilizer on the morpho-physiological evaluation of seedlings, seed quality and productivity of spring barley (Mikhailovsky). Variance analysis results (ANOVA) showed extremely significant (p less than 0.05) variations between different treatments in all traits, where the treatments led to increasing the germination energy, laboratory germination, growth force and weight of 100 sprouts compared with control. There was a positive effect on the development of the barley root system. Pre-treatment of seeds in wet years have been proven to be the most effective, while the efficiency of seed treatment pre-sowing decreased when soil moisture was low. Therefore, in 2017 barley productivity increased when the seeds were treated with a mixture of Polaris with Siliplant by 25% compared to control, while in 2018 the yield increased (7.1%) when mixture of Siliplant with Polaris was applied compared to control.

GIS application in abiotic risks regionalization for spring barley

In recent years, there has been a noticeable uneven distribution of rainfall in Central Europe during the main vegetation season of most field crops. The rising air temperatures also increase the evapotranspiration demands of the environment and increase the frequency and length of heatwaves, which is a stress factor for plants. Using the GIS procedures, we identified the areas of significant abiotic risks occurring during the critical growth stages of spring barley (high air temperatures at the time of tillering and lack of soil moisture from the beginning of flowering to yellow ripening) with potential impact on grain yield in the Czech Republic. Unique datasets, including i) meteorological data, ii) phenological data, iii) pedological data, iv) land-use data, and v) geographic data, have been integrated and analysed using the sophisticated ArcGIS software environment. The method used in this study is universally applicable and allows comparisons at the local, regional, and supra-regional levels. The identification of risk areas will allow for a) finding tolerant varieties from problematic areas, b) locating the use of these varieties in risk areas and c) recommending and implementing adequate farming practices to reduce the impact of risk abiotic stressors on spring barley under current climate conditions. This will allow accurate estimation of weather impacts on spring barley grain yield in a particular year and precise application of countermeasures leading to reduced negative impacts on yield and the quality of spring barley production. Using the data and methods presented, we identified areas that correspond in good accordance to areas with spring barley yield deficits in dry years.

Productivity of spring barley depending on fertilization and liming under the conditions of Western Polissya

There are established doses and forms of limestone ameliorants, fertilizers that are optimal for West Polissya based on experimental data from field and analytical studies and provide the fertility of podzolized sandy soil and ensure obtaining a stable spring barley harvest. There was studied the influence of fertilization (N90P90K90), sulfur fertilizers, foliar fertilizers in various doses and types of limestone ameliorants on the formation of the morphological structure of plants and productivity of spring barley.The highest yield of 4.08 t/ha was provided by the application of 1.5 doses (NG) of dolomite flour on the background of the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90). The yield increase to control (without fertilizers) was 2.69 t/ha, and to the background (N90P90K90) — 1.65 t/ha.The application of sulfur fertilizers (S40) and two fold foliar fertilization by Nutrivant Plus cereal microfertilizer (2 kg/ha) provided a yield increase by 7.3%

Продуктивность яровой пшеницы и ячменя при применении удобрений и стимуляторов роста

Продуктивность яровой пшеницы и ячменя при применении удобрений и стимуляторов роста

INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY WITH ADDITIONAL SOWING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES

Two-factor field experiment was carried out at the research and training station of Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy in 2015-2017. The aim of the research was to establish cooperation effect of various biological products and modified mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley with additional sowing of perennial grasses. As a result of the studies, it was found that the highest average yield of barley grain - 2.13 t / ha, was revealed in the conditions of timothy grass additional sowing as a sub-cover crop. At the same time, the combination of biological preparations Mizorin + Rizoagrin proved to be most effective; on average, the yield of grain and straw with this combination was 2.33 t / ha and 3.42 t / ha, respectively. When choosing meadow clover as a sub-cover crop, the maximum data on grain and barley straw yields of 2.92 t / ha and 4.26 t / ha, respectively, were obtained from the use of combination of biological products Mycorrhiza + Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. Under conditions of sowing a mixture of clover and timothy, the highest yields of grain and barley straw were 2.94 t / ha and 4.29 t / ha, respectively, obtained from the use of the biological product Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. In the course of the field experiment, positive data on additional income and profitability were obtained on most options, which were maximal in the conditions of replanting a mixture of herbs. Moreover, the largest value of the additional conditionally net income is 21.2 thousand rubles obtained from the use ofpreparation Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. And the highest profitability is 91.8 % in the absence of presowing treatment of seeds.

INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY WITH ADDITIONAL SOWING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES

Two-factor field experiment was carried out at the research and training station of Ivanovo State Ag-ricultural Academy in 2015-2017. The aim of the research was to establish cooperation effect of various biological products and modified mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley with additional sowing of perennial grasses. As a result of the studies, it was found that the highest average yield of bar-ley grain - 2.13 t / ha, was revealed in the conditions of timothy grass additional sowing as a sub-cover crop. At the same time, the combination of biological preparations Mizorin + Rizoagrin proved to be most effective; on average, the yield of grain and straw with this combination was 2.33 t / ha and 3.42 t / ha, respectively. When choosing meadow clover as a sub-cover crop, the maximum data on grain and barley straw yields of 2.92 t / ha and 4.26 t / ha, respectively, were obtained from the use of combination of biological products Mycorrhiza + Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. Under condi-tions of sowing a mixture of clover and timothy, the highest yields of grain and barley straw were 2.94 t / ha and 4.29 t / ha, respectively, obtained from the use of the biological product Rizoagrin on the back-ground of modified fertilizers. In the course of the field experiment, positive data on additional income and profitability were obtained on most options, which were maximal in the conditions of replanting a mixture of herbs. Moreover, the largest value of the additional conditionally net income is 21.2 thousand rubles obtained from the use of preparation Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. And the highest profitability is 91.8 % in the absence of presowing treatment of seeds.