Production Of Rice Plants Research Articles

Identifikasi Perubahan Iklim dan Korelasinya terhadap Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Karawang

Rice is a food crop that is widely consumed by Indonesian people. Water availability and environmental conditions greatly influence the growth of rice plants, so that climate change can affect the production and productivity of rice plants. Efforts to anticipate a decline in rice production and productivity due to climate change require a study by identifying climate variabels, analyzing the correlation between climate and rice plants, and identifying solutions to adapt to climate change. The research was conducted in Karawang Regency using quantitative-descriptive methods, with the data analyzed being climate variabels including rainfall, temperature, humidity from 1991-2022 and rice plant variabels including rice production and productivity from 1991-2022. The analysis was carried out using trend analysis, correlation, regression, auto-regressive integrated moving average methods, and farmer interviews as analyses of adaptation strategies. The results of the research show that climate change has occurred in Karawang Regency as indicated by a decrease in rainfall intensity of 41.84 mm, a decrease in humidity percentage of 4.69%, and an increase in temperature of 〖0,92 〗^o C, and the climate type according to Oldeman is type D2, or there is no change in Oldeman’s Agroclimate zone. The results of interviews for adaptations include rotating crop planting, managing planting time, using seeds that are resistant to pest attacks, paying attention to the type of fertilizer used, controlling pests using insecticides or natural predators, and pumping water for irrigation channels.

Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza) Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes

Rice (Oryza) is an important commodity, but in the process of cultivation, farmers still lack understanding about the diseases that attack rice plants. Therefore, an artificial intelligence-based expert system is implemented to identify diseases in rice plants according to the reasoning of an expert. In this research, the expert system method used is naive bayes to represent 18 symptoms and 5 diseases in rice plants. Naive Bayes is used because it can provide a statement that a symptom that appears in a condition is not interdependent between one another, so it can be used separately to assess the possibility of a condition based on the symptoms that appear. The application designed in this research is web-based and built based on PHP programming language and Codeigniter framework. This research aims to identify rice diseases that can be accessed by farmers by only accessing the rice plant expert system website using the internet so that they can carry out early control and increase the productivity of rice plants and increase the quantity of crops. The accuracy results obtained from this expert system amounted to 93.3% of the 30 sample data tested with 28 appropriate or valid data and 2 inappropriate data. This level of accuracy can allow farmers to immediately identify rice plant diseases and take control measures.

Rice plants treated with biochar derived from Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) optimize resource allocation towards seed production.

The use of biofertilizers is becoming an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to promote sustainable agriculture. Biochar from microalgae/cyanobacteria can be applied to enhance the productivity of food crops through soil improvement, slow nutrient absorption and release, increased water uptake, and long-term mitigation of greenhouse gas sequestration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stimulatory effects of biochar produced from Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) biomass on the development and seed production of rice plants. Biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis at 300°C, and characterization was performed through microscopy, chemical, and structural composition analyses. Molecular and physiological analyses were performed in rice plants submitted to different biochar concentrations (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg mL-1) to assess growth and productivity parameters. Morphological and physicochemical characterization revealed a heterogeneous morphology and the presence of several minerals (Na, K, P, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, and Si) in the biochar composition. Chemical modification of compounds post-pyrolysis and a highly porous structure with micropores were observed. Rice plants submitted to 0.5 mg mL-1 of biochar presented a decrease in root length, followed by an increase in root dry weight. The same concentration influenced seed production, with an increase of 44% in the number of seeds per plant, 17% in the percentage of full seeds per plant, 12% in the weight of 1,000 full seeds, 53% in the seed weight per plant, and 12% in grain area. Differential proteomic analyses in shoots and roots of rice plants submitted to 0.5 mg mL-1 of biochar for 20 days revealed a fine-tuning of resource allocation towards seed production. These results suggest that biochar derived from Arthrospira platensis biomass can stimulate rice seed production.

Effect of refugia plant (Zinnia sp.) population on the presence of stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker) and natural enemies in rice

Abstract. Olsiviana, Yassi A, Melina. 2024. Effect of refugia plant (Zinnia sp.) population on the presence of stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker) and natural enemies in rice. Biodiversitas 25: 2652-2660. This study supports biological control by preserving natural enemies in rice cultivation through habitat modification. The research aimed to analyze the effects of different population levels of refugia (Zinnia sp.) on pest attack rates, the presence and diversity of natural enemies of rice stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker 1863), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The study was designed using a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with four population treatment levels: control (no Zinnia sp.), sparse population (32 polybags of Zinnia sp.), medium population (96 polybags of Zinnia sp.), and dense population (160 polybags of Zinnia sp.). The results showed that the dense population (160 polybags of Zinnia sp.) produced the lowest stem borer infestation rate in the eighth week of observation (1.67%). Pests in all treatments belonged to four orders: Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, with Hemiptera being the most prevalent. Natural enemies of rice pests belonged to three orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera. The dense population treatment (160 polybags of Zinnia sp.) yielded the highest values for diversity index (H') at 2.1785, species richness index (R) at 2.1837, and evenness index (E) at 0.9915. This treatment also achieved the highest average rice production at 8.64 tons/ha. Meanwhile, the highest dominance value (C) of 0.2489 was found in the control treatment. Thus, this study supports the idea that increasing the population of Zinnia sp. as a refugia plant can increase the diversity of natural enemies, reduce rice stem borer infestation, and increase rice plant production.

Enriched rice husk biochar superior to commercial biochar in ameliorating ammonia loss from urea fertilizer and improving plant uptake

Adding value to agricultural leftovers and turning them into biochar is a viable way to replenish soil nutrients and boost crop productivity. To further validate the efficacy of enriched rice husk biochar, an incubation study and a pot experiment were conducted: (1) to describe the effect of enriched rice husk biochar addition on soil total N, soil exchangeable NH4+ and available NO3− and (2) to describe the effect of enriched rice husk biochar on improving N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake, use efficiency, and dry matter production of rice plants. The amount of NH3 loss that was considerably reduced by rice husk biochar at 5 and 10 t ha−1 was 34 % lower than the control. The availability of soil total N, exchangeable NH4+, available NO3−, available P, and exchangeable cations was greatly enhanced by the addition of rice husk biochar. Due to the effective nutrient uptake that occurs with an increase in soil nutrient level, the physical growth of the rice plant (height, tiller number, greenness, and panicle number) increeased significantly in treatments supplemented with 5 t ha−1 rice husk biochar. When rice plants were treated with 5 t ha−1 rice husk biochar, their absorption of N, P, and K increased by >80 %, respectively. The production of dry matter in rice plants increased as a result of the increased N intake. The application of 5 t ha−1 of rice husk biochar enhanced the soil nutrients by reducing NH3 loss and augmenting soil nutrients for efficient plant absorption, as demonstrated by the favourable enhancement of soil macro- and micronutrients and biomass of rice plants.

Improving arsenic and cadmium contaminated paddy soil health and rice quality with plant-animal-based modified biochar: A mechanistic study

Arsenic and cadmium (As/Cd) are toxic elements which negatively impact the health and productivity of rice plants by subjecting them to stress. To address these issues, we developed three biochar amendment materials derived from plant-based corn-stover with iron-magnesium modification (FM@CB), char sourced from animal-based eggshells with iron-magnesium modification (FM@EB), and a blend (1:1, w/w) of both (FM@CEB). Batch adsorption experiment revealed that FM@CB exhibited a Langmuir sorption capacity of 77 mg g−1 for As(III) and 107 mg g−1 for Cd(II). In contrast, FM@EB showed values of 63 mg g−1 for As(III) and 115 mg g−1 for Cd(II), both observed in mixed systems. The exothermic dual adsorption mechanisms could include ion exchange, cation-anion bridging, complexation with surface functional groups, and precipitation processes. Pot trials were conducted, and the findings unveiled a substantial enhancement in rice grain yield with a 2% application of FM@CB, FM@EB, and FM@CEB. Specifically, there was a notable increase of 21.9%, 34.9%, and 37.6%, respectively. Simultaneously, the application led to a reduction in grain As levels by 34.4%, 53.2%, and 42.6%, and grain Cd levels by 48.7%, 71.2%, and 59.9%, respectively, in comparison to the no-amendment control condition. Our study observed a transformation in the soil's microbial community, as beneficial bacterial genera such as Anaeromyxobacter, Citrifermentans, and Desulfovibrio emerged to assist in the detoxification of these metal contaminants. Concurrently, the application of these materials led to a reduction in harmful bacterial genera like Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Massilia. In addition, these amendments decreased the bioavailable As/Cd fractions in the soil and promoted the root-iron-plaque, which effectively sequesters these contaminants, rendering rice quality improvement. Ultimately, the use of these amendments, particularly FM@CEB, holds the promise of protecting rice from harmful metal(loid)s contaminants, increasing yields, and revitalizing the soil. The presence of these unique bacterial genera, especially those capable of detoxifying As/Cd, plays a crucial role in ensuring a healthier and more secure environment for all living organisms.

Sistem Pakar Pemilihan Bibit Padi Unggul dengan Metode Forward Chaining

Expert systems are technologies that are widely used in the agricultural sector, one of which is for selecting seeds. Rice is one of the most important food crops in life, rice is the main source of carbohydrates for the majority of the world's population. One of the important factors influencing the growth of rice production is better and better quality seed so that it can increase the productivity of rice plants, using better seed can increase yields up to three times a year. This research aims to develop an efficient system for selecting superior payi seeds using the Forward Chaining method, in order to assist the mappers in selecting payi seeds that are in accordance with their criteria. This research was motivated by the process of selecting rice seeds by farmers who still had little knowledge about rice and was carried out by asking people who only understood rice. The system development method uses the Waiter Faill method, which Taihaipain uses, including analysis, design, coding and testing, uses the system using Axure applications, StarUML for development, Visual Studio Code applications for coding, PHP, HTML for programming skills, and Database XAMPP and MySQL. The testing method uses the Blackbox Testing method, namely to determine whether the functionality, input and output of the software meets the required specifications. The results of the research show that all application features function well after being tested using the black box testing method. This expert system also helps the community in choosing rice seeds, as shown through interviews that 85% of respondents need this system.

Assessment of Groundwater Availability for Rice Farming in Tuban Regency, East Java in 2018-2022

A study has been carried out on deficit, surplus, percentage of groundwater availability and Oldeman climate type classification in Tuban Regency, East Java in 2018-2022 with the aim of increasing the productivity of rice plants in the area. This process begins with data collection, including rainfall, air temperature, coordinates and height of rain posts, as well as physical soil data which is used to calculate rice ETC (Evapotranspirasi Tanaman/Plant Evapotranspiration), deficit, surplus and ATS (Air Tanah Tersedia/Groundwater Available). The method used in this calculation is the Thornthwaite and Mather method. From data analysis, it was found that the smallest deficit of 0.1 mm occurred in Medalem in June, while the largest deficit occurred in Ngimbang in November amounting to 279.6 mm. The smallest surplus of 0.9 mm was recorded in Sumurgung in April, while the largest surplus of 313 mm occurred in Jenu in January. Groundwater availability reaching 100% generally occurs in November-April, while 0% ATS occurs in June-September. and the Oldeman climate patterns in Tuban Regency are C3, D3, D4, and E3 respectively.

Iron reprogrammes the root system architecture by regulating OsWRKY71 in arsenic-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Iron (Fe) has been critically reported to act as a signal that can be interpreted to activate the molecular mechanisms involved in root developmental processes. Arsenic (As) is a well-known metalloid that restricts the growth and productivity of rice plants by altering their root architecture. Since root system architecture (RSA) under As stress targets WRKY transcription factors (TFs) and their interaction partners, the current investigation was carried out to better understand the Fe-dependent dynamics of RSA and its participation in this process. Here, we analyzed the effects of As and Fe (alone or in combination) exposed to hydroponically grown rice roots of 12-day-old plants. Our research showed that adding As to Fe changed how OsWRKY71 was expressed and improved the morphology and anatomy of the rice roots in Ratna and Lalat varieties. As + Fe treatment also manifested the biochemical parameters. OsWRKY71, revealed an up-regulation (Fe alone and As + Fe conditions) and down-regulation (As stress) in both varieties, in comparison to the controls. The improved root anatomy and root oxidizability indicated the enhanced capability of Lalat over the Ratna variety to induce OsWRKY71 for the better development of RSA during As + Fe treatment. Further, OsWRKY71 has revealed the presence of gibberellin-responsive cis-regulatory elements (GAREs) in its promoter region, indicating the involvement of OsWRKY71 in the gibberellin pathway. Molecular docking revealed that OsWRKY71 and SLR1 (DELLA protein) interact positively, which supports the hypothesis that Fe alters RSA by regulating OsWRKY71 through the gibberellin pathway in As-stressed rice.

Evaluation of nutrition status and fertilization recommendations for lowland paddy (Case study in Merigi Kelindang District, Bengkulu Central Regency)

Farmer fertilization doses are generally insufficient compared to the recommended doses therefore causing low productivity of rice plants. This study aims to evaluate soil nutrient status to determine site-specific fertilization recommendations in Merigi Kelindang District, Central Bengkulu Regency. This study was carried out in February-April 2022 in Merigi Kelindang District, Central Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. Data was collected by taking composite soil samples at random after harvesting or before the first tillage. Determination of nutrient levels of N, P, K, and soil pH using the at Paddy Soil Test Kit. Data were analyzed descriptively comparatively. The results showed that the nutrient status of paddy fields in Merigi Kelindang District was low N 72%, medium N 14%, high N 7%, and very high 7%. P nutrient status was medium at 93% and low at 7%. High K nutrient status 100%. Meanwhile, pH status is acidic at 7% and slightly acidic at 93%. Recommendations for fertilizer usage in the Merigi Kelindang sub-district as follow; Urea 300 kg/ha for sandy soil (clay content < 20%) or 250 kg in clayey soil (clay content >20%); SP-36 fertilizer (100 kg/ha); KCl (50 kg/ha) without the use of paddy straw as compost and no KCL needed if 5 t/ha paddy straw compost used. Recommendations for soil management with a soil pH value of 5-6 (slightly acidic) are conventional drainage systems and the application of urea as N fertilizer.

Effect of Application of Endophytic Bacteria on the Development of Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease, Growth, and Production of Rice Plants

Bacterial leaf blight can be found in various stages of rice plant growth, so this disease can affect the growth and production of rice plants. This research aims to determine the effect of applying an endophytic bacterial formula to rice seedlings on the development of HDB disease, growth, and production of rice plants. This study used 4 isolates of endophytic bacteria (isolates BE-KH1, BE-M2, BE-M3, and BE-S5) which were formulated in coconut water waste + peptone. The results of the study showed that the application of the endophytic bacterial formula to rice seedlings was able to reduce the severity of bacterial leaf blight by 54,5 – 63,2% and had an effect on growth, full grain weight, and rice grain weight in rice plants inoculated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bacteria.

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Payo Kerinci Menggunakan System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

Payo Kerinci Rice is one of the germplasms whose existence must be maintained. This rice is one of the local rice varieties, which is quite rare. Payo rice has a relatively high economic value compared to other rice varieties. This is due to the unique and fragrant taste of the rice, so it is very popular with the public. Increased growth is one of the initial stages in projecting success in rice plant productivity. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method is hoped to provide an alternative for farmers in cultivating Payo Kerinci rice. The research method was carried out experimentally using divided plots by comparing the SRI and Conventional methods. The growth parameters observed were plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of tillers, plant height, and root length. The research results show that the SRI method provides efficiency in the need for seeds in Payo Kerinci Rice cultivation. The Payo Kerinci rice plants using the SRI single seedling method grew more than the conventional method for all observed variables.

Antagonist Test of Bacillus subtilis ATTC 6633 and Trichoderma harzianum on the Growth of Magnaphorte oryzae on Several Varieties of Priming Rice Seeds

Priming is a seed-soaking technique to increase seed viability and also suppress pathogens' growth. Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the pathogens in rice plants that causes leaf blast disease. The high rice consumption each year in Indonesia is not proportional to the amount of rice plant production, which is affected by the growth of pathogenic fungi. This study aims to determine the viability and percentage inhibition of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum against the growth of the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae on local West Sumatra rice varieties Ceredek, Pandan Pulau, and Batang Sungkai. The research was conducted by testing the viability of microbes by counting the number of colonies and testing microbial antagonists with the Dual Culture method on seven days of observation. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum could inhibit the growth of the pathogen M. oryzae, which causes leaf blast disease. The viability of Bacillus subtilis after biopriming for 48 hours was most significant on Ceredek variety, which was 15.9x106 cfu/g, and for Trichoderma harzianum on Pandan Pulau variety, which was 0.4x106 cfu/g. The most significant inhibition percentage of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum was obtained in Ceredek rice with a value of 30.13% (medium category) and 63.04% (high category).

Growth and production of rice (oryza sativa l.) With several application doses of urea fertiliser and cow manure

Integration of fertilisation using organic and inorganic fertilisers is one of the efforts to increase rice growth and production. This study aims to evaluate and analyse the effect of urea fertiliser and cow manure application on the growth and production of rice plants. This study used a separate plot design with three groups. The main plot was the dose of urea fertiliser including 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1. The subplots were doses of cow manure including 500 kg ha-1, 1000 kg ha-1, 1500 kg ha-1, 2000 kg ha-1, and 2500 kg ha-1. The research data were then analysed by means of variance with BNT test as a further test. The results showed that the interaction of urea 300 kg ha-1 and no manure on panicle length (23.28 cm), urea 100 kg ha-1 and 2000 kg ha-1 on panicle weight per plant (2.85 g), urea 200 kg ha-1 and 2500 kg ha-1 manure on the number of filled grains per panicle (101, 67 grains), urea 100 kg ha-1 and 2500 kg ha-1 manure on the percentage of empty grains per panicle (12.12%), and urea 200 kg ha-1 and 2500 kg ha-1 manure on the weight of 1000 seeds (26.87 g). The single treatment of urea dose, 200 kg ha-1, gave the best effect on chlorophyll a (234.55), chlorophyll b (96.04) and total chlorophyll (337.27). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of urea fertiliser with cow manure has a positive impact on the growth of rice plants.

Test the Effectiveness of Eco-Enzyme Bioremediation as a Reducing Agent for Natural Stone Waste on Rice Plant Productivity and Water Quality in Dukupuntang District

Water is a natural resource that is needed for all living things. Likewise with the river used for irrigation of agricultural land. The Cigayem River is located in Dukupuntang District, Cirebon Regency. Above the river there are many natural stone cottage industries. The processing of natural stone into decorative stone requires a lot of water for its processing, so that a lot of river water in this area is polluted from this home industry activity. The waste is in the form of powder cut from natural stone with water which is directly channeled into irrigation canals without being processed first. The effect is siltation of irrigation canals and decreased water quality. This decrease in water quality has an impact on rice productivity in heavily affected areas. Pollution that occurs in irrigation canals in the study area can be identified by physical changes such as color and other impacts such as decreased productivity of rice yields in the study area since the establishment of the natural stone industry. The decline in rice productivity will threaten the sustainability of rice farming in central areas. Wastewater treatment technology has been developed a lot, but not all home industries can carry out waste treatment at a high cost. Eco enzyme can be a solution to waste pollution that pollutes rivers at a relatively low cost, easy to obtain and sustainable because all materials do not contain harmful chemicals and residues.

Unraveling the molecular aspects of iron-mediated OsWRKY76 signaling under arsenic stress in rice

Arsenic (As) is a significant environmental element that restricts the growth and production of rice plants. Although the role of iron (Fe) to sequester As in rice is widely known, the molecular mechanism regarding As–Fe interaction remains opaque. Here, we show the differential response of two rice varieties (Ratna and Lalat) in terms of their morphological and biochemical changes in the presence of As and Fe. These results together with in-silico screening, gene expression analysis, and protein-protein interaction studies suggest the role of OsWRKY76 in Fe-mediated As stress alleviation. When OsWRKY76 is activated by MAPK signaling, it inhibits the gene expression of Fe transporters OsIRT1 and OsYSL2, which reduces the amount of Fe accumulated. However, MAPK signaling and OsWRKY76 remain down-regulated during Fe supplementation with As, which subsequently encourages the up-regulation of OsIRT1 and OsYSL2. This results in greater Fe content and decreased As accumulation and toxicity. The lower H2O2 and SOD, CAT, and APX activities were likewise seen under the As + Fe condition. Overall, results revealed the molecular aspects of Fe-mediated control of OsWRKY76 signaling and showed that Ratna is a more As tolerant variety than Lalat. Lalat, however, performs better in As stress due to the presence of Fe.

Use of Balanced Fertilizer Doses and Pruning Methods to Increase Growth and Yield of Rice Plants in Acidic Sulphate Lands in West Borneo

The provision of appropriate technology for farmers was necessary to optimize the productivity of rice plants, especially in acidic sulfate fields. The purpose of study were to determine optimal dose of NPK fertilizer and right pruning time to increase growth and yield of rice plants in acidic sulfate fields. Research was conducted in acidic sulfate fields of Rasau Jaya Tiga village, Kubu Raya district, from August to December 2022. This experiment utilized a factorial randomized design group, with two factors namely: factor I and factor II. Factor I was NPK fertilizer (N): N1 = 0.9 kg/plot, N2 = 1.8 kg/plot, N3 = 2.7 kg/plot, N4 = 4.5 kg/plot. Factor II was leaf pruning (P): P0 = No Pruning, P1 = Pruning 30 days after planting (dap), P2 = Pruning 37 dap, P3 = Pruning 44 dap, P4 = Pruning 51 dap, and P5 = Pruning 58 dap. Observed variables were plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, amount of grain contained per panicle, and dry weight of grain per plot. Data were analyzed using F and Tukey tests at a 5% level of significance. The interaction of pruning treatment and NPK has an unsignificant effect on all observed parameters. NPK treatment and pruning singularly have a significant effect on all observed parameters. Pruning of the plant at 44 dap (P3) and NPK fertilizer dose of 4.5 kg/plot (N4) yielded the best results in all observed variables. Keywords: Acidic Sulphate Lands, Fertilizer, Productivity, Pruning, Rice

Land Suitability and Upland Rice Productivity with Integrated Crop Management in Sorong Regency

With Integrated Crop Management, the study is aimed at improving the production of upland rice in West Papua (ICM). On-farm research and land surveys were used to conduct this study. We looked at the following factors: 1) the suitability of the rice field in Sorong Regency, 2) the growth and production of rice plants, and 3) the social and economic factors affecting farmers. The findings indicate that upland rice development is feasible on dry land, over an area of 317,831 ha, which is made up of three types of suitable land: very suitable land (S1), which covers an area of 61,684 ha; quite a suitable land (S2), which covers an area of 59.021 ha with land constraints in the form of nutrient retention (nr); and suitable marginal land (S3), which covers an area of 197.126 ha with constraints in the form of (eh). Dry-milled grain yields in the ICM pattern with the Situ Bagendit and Batutegi varieties were 4.48 t/ha and 4.16 t/ha, respectively, greater than those in the farmer pattern. The ICM pattern has a higher profit of IDR 5,360 compared to the farmer pattern of IDR 2,400 with a B/C value of 1.6 and 1.2.

The role of biofertilizer “Mikrobat” as a stimulator to increase productivity and health of rice plants

Biofertilizer Mikrobat (Patent Certificate: No. IDP000059255 and Brand Certificate: No. IDM000613360) is a bacterial consortium containing four superior microbes, including Azotobacter sp. isolate AP08, Pseudomonas sp. isolate PP012, Lactobacillus sp. isolate LP032, and Streptomyces sp. isolate SP022 with their respective roles as nitrogen fixers, Phosphate and Potassium solvents, providers of auxin, cytokinins, vitamins, amino acids, and antibiotics. This biotechnological product can be used to loosen and nourish the soil, increase the activity of positive microorganisms in the ground, increase seed vigor, suppress plant pests and diseases, accelerate plant growth and improve production and yield quality. The results of trials on rice plantations in the Experimental farm of BPTPH Maros showed that the treatment of Mikrobat has the best results in suppressing bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases and increasing rice plant production. The intensity of BLB disease and blast on Brang Biji (hybrid variety) of 0% and 0.5% compared to controls 8% and 2%, respectively. The highest number of tillers reached 19.02 tiller than control with 13.98, while production achieved 12.74 tonnes/ha compared to the control 9.42 tonnes/ha.

Increasing The Growth and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) with Optimum Dosage and Frequency of Potassium

Lowland rice is a commodity crop that is very influential in the survival of many people, especially inhabitants in most Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Rice is the staple food of Indonesian people, the shortage of which can result in complications for the country. In connection with this food security issue, it is necessary to make efforts to prevent food shortages. The national production capacity of rice must be increased. The long-term goal is to increase the productivity of rice plants to support Indonesia towards rice self-sufficiency. This study has a short-term objective, namely, to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer and to obtain the best dose on the growth and production of rice plants. This was a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: the KCl fertilizer dosage and the frequency of fertilizer application. The results showed that the best treatment was with a potassium fertilizer dosage of 150 kg ha-1 with a frequency of 2-time fertilizer application.