Production Of Oyster Mushroom Research Articles

Development of a modified environment for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production system for rural use in Southeast Nigeria


 
 
 This study investigated a Pleurotus ostreatus production in Nsukka, Nigeria, using the locally available materials. A modified controlled environmental system capable of maintaining the micro elements (temperature and relative humidity) suitable for cultivation of oyster mushroom was developed. The system was tested using substrates of biomaterial origin (saw dust and rice bran) at different levels of treatments. The substrates used were fermented sawdust supplemented with rice bran at a spawning level of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The steps involved in the cultivation were composting, bagging, spawning, incubation and cropping the substrates. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design in five replications and results analysed at P < 0.05 significant difference. The biological efficiency was determined to establish the minimum suitable nutrient supplementation levels and the best yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. The nutritional compositions of the yield were analysed. The highest mean yield of 24.5 g of fresh mushrooms was observed with the substrate mixture T3 (15% rice bran and 85% saw dust) and lowest yield of 8.6 g observed in the T0 (without rice bran). The effects of temperature and relative humidity on growth of oyster mushroom were evaluated. The result of this study showed that small-scale, indoor oyster mushroom production appears to be economically feasible in Nsukka.
 
 

Design and Manufacture an Automatic Mushroom Sprinkler based Internet of Things to Increase Oyster Mushroom Productivity

Oyster mushroom is one of the non-cholesterol food ingredients that have high nutrition and high demand by the public. In addition, oyster mushroom has a much cheaper price than chicken and beef. In the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, temperature and humidity are important factors in the success of cultivation, the optimum temperature for the growth of oyster mushrooms is 16-25°C and the ideal humidity required is 80%-90%. To maintain the temperature and humidity is to do watering or misting. Currently, there are still many farmers who use conventional watering systems that are not practical. Therefore, during the dry season, the productivity of oyster mushrooms tends to decrease due to hot weather conditions and intense watering needs to be done. Based on this, it is necessary to develop an automatic and efficient mushroom watering tool. The research method used is Research and Development (RD). The result achieved is the design of an automatic mushroom sprinkler based on temperature and humidity control. This automatic mushroom sprinkler has a blower component, piezoelectric, ATMega 16 microcontroller, DHT11 temperature sensor, and internet of things (IoT) features. The conclusion of this research is the creation of an automatic mushroom sprinkler that is efficient and easy to use. In addition, the results of the implementation of this tool in the cultivation area can increase the productivity of oyster mushrooms by 34.51%.

Sustainability and Economic Feasibility through the Production of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) Derived from the Waste of Coffee-Industry: A Case Study in the Western Area of San Salvador, El Salvador

Sustainability and Economic Feasibility through the Production of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) Derived from the Waste of Coffee-Industry: A Case Study in the Western Area of San Salvador, El Salvador

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) PADA PERBEDAAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM

Fungi are plants that cannot carry out photosynthesis because they do not have chlorophyll. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of tankos and bran media as a planting medium to the growth and production of oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) plants. The research was conducted from May to July 2019 in Talang Buluh Village, Talang Kelapa District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that the composition of the growing media 70% tankos, 27% bran, 3% lime was the best treatment for the growth and production of oyster mushrooms with a fresh weight of 320.26 g/baglog.

Empowerment of Oyster Mushroom Farmers in Karangpring Village, Jember through Training on Making Oyster Mushroom Seeds F0, F1, and F2

Oyster mushroom farmers in KarangPring Village, Sukorambi District, Jember Regency have implemented the appropriate oyster mushroom cultivation technique. However, the profit of fresh oyster mushroom sales is still low because the production cost is very high due to F1 oyster mushroom seeds from the supplier being costly. Therefore, it is required a piece of knowledge about the production of F0, F1, and F2 oyster mushroom seeds. So that oyster mushroom farmers can produce oyster mushroom seeds independently. It will have an impact on the reduction of oyster mushroom's production costs. So, the profit of fresh oyster mushroom sales can also be increased; farmers can be F0, F1, and F2 oyster mushroom seed suppliers for others. The method of sharing F0, F1, and F2 oyster mushrooms production was training. The activity result was that the oyster mushroom farmers in Karangpring Village were capable of independently producing F0, F1, and F2 oyster mushroom seeds. These activities can be expected to reduce F0, F1, and F2 oyster mushrooms supply production costs. So the oyster mushroom farmers in KarangPring Village, Sukorambi District, Jember Regency can increase their profit from fresh oyster mushroom sales.

Microbial Control Agents for Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae: Lycoriella) Affecting the Production of Oyster Mushrooms, Pleurotus spp.

Simple SummaryFungus gnat larvae and adults are challenging insect pests affecting the production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.). The objectives of this study were to develop a container bioassay and assess the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae as microbial control agents against fungus gnats. We hypothesized that fungus gnat larvae and the subsequent emergence of adults would be reduced by incorporating Bti and S. feltiae into straw substrate used for producing oyster mushrooms. A series of bioassays were conducted using straw inoculated with Pleurotus columbinus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Fewer fungus gnats emerged from substrate treated with Bti compared to S. feltiae and distilled water. Steinernema feltiae was generally ineffective. Incorporating Bti and S. feltiae into the straw substrate did not appear to impede colonization by P. ostreatus. The current study indicates that Bti could be useful as a sustainable pest management technique for producing oyster mushrooms. Infestations of fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) can reduce the production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) grown as food crops within controlled environments. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and Steinernema feltiae against fungus gnat larvae. A bioassay was developed, whereby pasteurized straw was inoculated with Pleurotus columbinus and treated with Bti (Gnatrol®), S. feltiae (Nemashield®), or water. Fungus gnats (Lycoriella sp.) were released into each bioassay container for ovipositing onto the straw, thereby exposing the F1 larvae to treated or untreated substrate. Sticky cards within the containers entrapped fungus gnats emerging from the substrate as an indicator of larval survivorship. Following three bioassays, fewer fungus gnats emerged from straw treated with Bti compared to S. feltiae and the water control. Three additional bioassays using Pleurotus ostreatus also demonstrated that fewer fungus gnats emerged from straw treated with Bti compared to S. feltiae and the untreated control. Steinernema feltiae was generally ineffective. Monitoring substrate weight in the bioassay containers over time indicated that Bti and S. feltiae did not impede colonization by P. ostreatus. Incorporating Bti into straw substrate is a promising approach for managing fungus gnats infesting Pleurotus spp.

Substitution of plant residues of medicinal importance for production of oyster mushroom

Substitution of plant residues of medicinal importance for production of oyster mushroom

PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN JAMUR TIRAM MENJADI NUGGET DI KELURAHAN TERUMBU KECAMATAN KASEMEN KOTA SERANG

The purpose of the Student Work Community Service Program is to improve the skills of the community of Kasemen District Of Serang District. The partner of this activity is the Sampang village community, which is the centre of oyster mushroom production in the reef village. The problem faced is the lack of innovation in the processing of oyster mushrooms that attract consumer interest and have selling value. During this time, the oyster mushrooms are only marketed in the original form without any other form of processing. This method of devotion is through (1) surveys through observation, interview, and analysis of problems and potential villages, (2) training in making and packaging oyster mushroom nuggets. The result of this program is the increasing knowledge and skills of the community in making innovations from the processing of oyster mushrooms. This program is expected to improve the economy of the community, especially the residents of Reef villages

EVALUATION OF COST-BENEFITS OF OYSTER MUSHROOM PRODUCTION USING INNOVATIVE WATER HYACINTH SUBSTRATE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SME, KENYA

Purpose: The study did an evaluation of cost-benefits of oyster mushroom production using innovative water hyacinth substrate for sustainable development of Sme, Kenya.
 Methodology: The study employed the Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) technique for the evaluation
 Findings: Oyster mushroom is edible and belongs to fungi Kingdom and can play a key role in economic development of a country. It can also contribute immensely to human wellness through enhancement of body immune system when consumed regularly.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy There is need to evaluate the Cost-Benefits of Oyster Mushroom Production Using Innovative Water Hyacinth Substrate for Sustainable Development of SMEs in Kenya. Objectives include determination of economic Net present Value (ENPV) and determination of Economic Benefit-Cost Ratio (EBCR). The significance of this study include control of Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic disease, poverty reduction, reduction of unemployment crisis and enhancement of sustainable business opportunity for SME.

COMBINATION OF SAWDUST, “FILTER CAKE” AND CALCIUM CARBONATE AS GROWTH MEDIUM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of combining sawdust (SD), filter cake (FC) and calcium carbonate as growth medium for the production of white oyster mushroom. Isolate F2 oyster mushroom was cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and used in the experiment. The culture medium consisted of two treatments: first, A treatment: combined medium (A0=100% SD; A1=100% FC; A2=70% FC and 30% SD; A3=50% FC and 50% SD; A4=30% FC and 70% SD) and second, K treatment: addition of calcium carbonate (K1=2%; K2=3%; K3=4%; K4=5% weight of medium). A Randomized design was used to analyze certain parameters, such as mycelial growth, presence of fruiting body, the number of fruiting bodies and the fresh weight of fruiting body at harvest. The results showed that the highest mycelial growth and fruiting body formation occurred on A0 treatment. However, a high number of fruiting bodies and a high fresh weight of fruiting body at harvest were obtained on A4 treatment. Interaction between the combined medium (A) and addition of calcium carbonate (K) showed that the highest mycelial growth occurred on A0K2 treatment 30 days after incubation. The composition of A4 treatment (30% FC and 70% SD) was found to be the optimal medium for the production of fruiting body. This finding shows that FC with additional nutrition could as a substitute of SD medium for cultivating white oyster mushroom.

Use of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls as substrate for Pleurotus ostreatus – Potential for combined mushroom and feed production

A circular concept involving use of faba bean hulls for production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) and the post-harvest residues for feed purposes was evaluated. Faba bean hulls are a waste remaining after the beans are dehulled to decrease the content of anti-nutritional factors and increase the food value of the beans. Faba bean hulls proved very suitable as substrate for production of oyster mushrooms, with biological efficiency of 109 ± 28%. The fruiting bodies produced were comparable to commercially sold mushrooms in terms of morphology, protein content, protein quality, and chemical composition. After mushroom harvest, 48.4 ± 0.6% of initial dry weight (dwt) of the substrate remained and showed significant changes in proximate composition, with an increase in protein concentration from 207.9 ± 8.6 to 346.6 ± 16.5 g kg−1 dwt and a significant increase in 14 of 16 amino acids analyzed, including methionine. Concentrations of the anti-nutritional compounds vicine and convicine were below the detection limit after mushroom harvest, while their initial concentration was 5.7 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.04 g kg−1 dwt, respectively. Tannin concentration was reduced by approximately 50%, to a final level of 9.0 ± 1.6 g kg−1 dwt. Comparison of the spent mushroom substrate with a commonly used feedstuff for pigs indicated potential for the spent substrate to be a valuable protein source in pig diets. This study demonstrates the potential for achieving complete circular use of agro waste and has implications for development of production systems well suited in the biobased society.

Effect of giving triple super phosphate and dolomite fertilizer on mushroom media (baglog) on production of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

The effort to increase the growth and production of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), it is necessary to add nutrients to sawdust which will be used as a growing medium for white oyster mushroom. One of the nutrients that need to be added is minerals including Ca (calcium) and Magnesium (Mg) contained in dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and macronutrients such as phosphorus contained in TSP fertilizer. The aim of this research to determine the effect of giving TSP fertilizer and dolomite on mushroom growing media (baglog) on the production of white oyster mushrooms. This research was conducted in September 2019 to March 2020 in the village, of, Lau Bakeri village, Kutalimbaru District, Deli Serdang Regency The research used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors, namely TSP fertilizer (control, 1.2%, 2.4%) and dolomite (control, 1%, 2%, 3%. The results showed the application of triple super phosphate fertilizer and dolomite did not significantly affect to all observation parameters of white oyster mushrooms, but the interaction between triple super phosphate fertilizer and dolomite was able to accelerate the age of harvesting, increase the fresh weight of mushrooms in the first and second harvests and the number of mushroom caps at the third harvest.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Influence on Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) from Substrate Supplementation of Calcium Silicate

Supplementation of the substrate of mushrooms with calcium silicate and other minerals is usually used as a preventive measure against pests and other contaminants during the production of oyster mushrooms. Little is known of the effects of this supplementation on the quality of the mushrooms produced. In the work described herein, the supplementation of oyster mushrooms was performed with 5 supplementation levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%) on mushrooms from two different locations in Brazil, the two flushes of mushrooms produced were analysed in terms of phenolic compounds, organic acids, and the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and finally the data was subjected to a linear discriminant analysis to understand the discrimination of the supplementation percentages. Overall, intermediate supplementation until 1% seemed to have a positive effect on the mushrooms from Mogi-das-Cruzes region, while high supplementation favoured the mushrooms from the region of Presidente Prudente. Supplementation showed positive effects on the mushrooms by increasing the production of some secondary metabolites while not showing any negative cytotoxic effects.

The Effect Of Coffee Skin Composition on Planting Media on The Growth and Production of Wood Ear Mushrooms and Oyster Mushrooms

This study evaluated the interaction between mushroom species (ear mushrooms and oyster mushrooms) and growing media (with the addition of coffee peels) on mushroom growth and yield. The results showed that oyster mushrooms were superior to ear mushrooms in various parameters, including mycelial growth, time to first primordia emergence, harvest wet weight, and dry weight. The use of media with the addition of 20% coffee skin showed good results, with significant mushroom growth and yield. This research was conducted at the Production Unit of the Integrated Land Biotechnology Development Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Muhammadiyah University of Malang from November 2019 to January 2020. This research used an experimental method with two types of mushrooms and three different compositions of growing media. The results of data analysis showed significant differences between treatments, with oyster mushrooms showing better results than ear mushrooms. These results can be a guideline for oyster mushroom cultivation by utilizing coffee skin waste as an effective growing medium.

Pelatihan Pengolahan Jamur Tiram untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan dan Pendapatan Petani Jamur di Desa Tanjung Sangalang

Sangalang Hapakat Oyster Mushroom Farmers Group is a farmer group specializes in developing oyster mushrooms in Tanjung Sangalang Village, Central Kahayan District, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. This farmer group has nine members, which currently sell seeds, baglogs, and oyster mushrooms to the community. To diversify oyster mushroom products and the knowledge of the group is still needed for oyster mushroom post-harvest processing training. Therefore, this service aims to provide training in oyster mushroom processing in product diversification to maximize the benefits obtained. The activity is divided into two stages: processing oyster mushrooms and online marketing of oyster mushroom products. The processing of oyster mushrooms into commercial food products has been successfully carried out at the Sangalang Hapakat Oyster Mushroom Farmers Group, Tanjung Sangalang Village. All farmer groups, especially mothers, can process oyster mushrooms into home food or commercial use. The products produced from this training are crispy mushrooms, mushroom satay, risoles, and shredded mushrooms. Besides, online marketing training provides knowledge to farmer groups in selling their products on various online market platforms and social media. The village's condition, which still has difficulties with internet access, has made the results of this online marketing training less optimal; however, the farmer groups have been able to market their mushroom products online.

Improving white oyster mushroom productivity by biogas sludge and its potential as functional foods

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is widely consumed by Indonesian people in daily life. It contains high nutrients, especially its protein content. Protein can be generated from meat but it is expensive and gives an economic burden to some people, particularly in this pandemic condition. The aim of this research was to improve the productivity of white oyster mushrooms using sludge biogas as biofertilizer and to provide alternative protein sources. The mushroom medium used in this research consisted of M1, M2, and M3, and each medium was made in three replications. Parameters observed were harvesting age, fresh weight, number of caps, stalk length, and diameter of caps. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the difference between means was determined by DMRT. All media with the sludge addition improved the growth and production of the mushroom. M2 medium demonstrated the best improvement in productivity. The increasing productivity in the M2 medium included fresh weight (118%), diameter of cap (22%), number of caps per cluster (225%), and stalk length (50%). In conclusion, the sludge biogas could be able to enhance the productivity of white oyster mushroom. The increasing production of this mushroom will affect the availability of alternative protein sources and support food safety in this pandemic situation.

Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) pada Media Ampas Sagu

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is currently quite popular and much loved by the public because of its delicious taste, high protein content, and low fat. This study aims to measuring the growth of white oyster mushrooms grown on sago dregs media with the treatment of various supplements, measuring the growth power of oyster mushrooms on sago dregs media with the treatment of various kinds of supplements, and measuring the production and efficiency of white oyster mushrooms on the substrate used. This research method consisted of 12 treatments and was repeated 3 times, so that there were 36 experimental units. Research Results White oyster mushrooms grown on MS2 media composition (20 g + MS 80 ml dry sago pulp) showed a good effect on mycelium growth and harvest rapidly. The highest number of fruit bodies was produced in the A3 treatment (20 g of dry sago pulp + 100 ml of water). The highest body weight of fresh mushroom fruit was in the K3 treatment (20 g dry sago pulp + 100 ml coconut water), KN3 (20 g dry sago pulp + 100 ml KN), KN1 (20 g dry sago pulp + 60 ml KN) , and A3 (20 g of dry sago pulp + 100 ml of water). The efficiency of utilization of sago waste organic matter by white oyster mushrooms was 25.84%.

Performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on different fingermillet husk substrates

Substrate type is one of the major factors affecting the growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Five substrates; Finger millet husk, Fingermillet husk + Molasses, Fingermillet husk + Rice bran, Fingermillet husk + Wheat bran, Fingermillet husk +Mustard oilseed cake, were evaluated for growth and productivity of oyster mushroom. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated seven times. Additives were added on finger millet husk @5% of its dry weight. Standard cultivation practice was followed with steam sterilization and spawning was done in poly bags containing 2.5 kg of wet substrate. Data were collected on time taken for full spawn run, fresh mushroom yield, biological efficiency and cropping duration upto three flushes. Molasses took the least duration (16.86 days) for full spawn run which was found to be statistically at par with wheat bran(17.13 days) and rice bran(17.75 days) whereas control treatment took the longest duration (21.62 days). Rice bran produced the highest fresh mushroom yield (793.04g/bag) with highest biological efficiency (137.92%), which was statistically at par with control, molasses and wheat bran. Similarly, rice bran had least cropping duration (66.62 days) followed by control (67.88 days), molasses (69.14 days), wheat bran (70.12 days) and mustard oilseed cake (73.86 days). The lowest fresh yield (521.84 g/bag) with lowest biological efficiency (90.75%) and the longest cropping duration (73.86 days) was observed on mustard oilseed cake supplementation. This study revealed that molasses, rice bran and wheat bran accelerated spawn run whereas mustard oilseed cake supplementation produced lowest fresh mushroom yield with least biological efficiency and highest cropping duration showing that it was ineffective for increasing yield and productivity of oyster mushroom.

Analysis of Oyster Mushroom Farming in Highlands (A Case Study in Sleman and Temanggung Indonesia)

This study aims to discover the characteristics, cost, profit, and feasibility of oyster mushroom farming in highlands, specifically in Sleman and Temanggung Regency, Indonesia. Location determination was done purposively because the two regencies are in highlands. A snowball method was utilized to determine the respondents consisting of 32 oyster mushroom farmers. A descriptive method and t-test were employed to analyze the differences in the average cost, income, profit, and benefit-cost of farming. The results revealed that there were differences in the input and process technology characteristics of oyster mushroom farming in both regencies, leading to the differences in the profit and feasibility. However, there was no difference in the costs incurred between the two farming areas. The profit and feasibility of oyster mushroom farming in Temanggung were higher than those in Sleman. Nonetheless, the cost of farming in both regencies was relatively the same. Hence, it is necessary to increase the potential of oyster mushroom farmers in Sleman and strengthen the farmers in Temanggung so that the quality and productivity of oyster mushrooms in the two regencies can be stable and increase. Therefore, it will have an impact on the income and profit of farmers.

Substrate disinfection methods on the production and nutritional composition of a wild oyster mushroom from the Amazon

ABSTRACT One of the most expensive steps in mushroom production is the disinfection of the substrate. This study aimed to evaluate different methods of disinfecting various substrates used in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus from the Amazon. P. ostreatus was grown under uncontrolled temperature conditions in a greenhouse (at approximately 30 °C) on substrates formulated with residues (seeds) of açaí and tucumã palm trees, Brazil nuts shell and pine sawdust. The different substrate disinfection treatments comprised autoclaving, immersion in hot water or immersion in calcium hydroxide (2%). The chemical composition of residues, substrates, and mushrooms was analyzed. During cultivation, it was found that in the treatment with hot water, all the bags were contaminated, and treatment with calcium hydroxide inhibited the colonization and growth of the mushrooms. P. ostreatus grown on the autoclaved açaí substrate supplemented with tucumã had higher production. The highest percentage of fiber content was obtained when the mushrooms were cultivated in the pine substrate supplemented with Brazil nuts (32.68 to 33.65%), and the highest protein content (20.03 to 20.88%) was found in the mushrooms grown on açaí-based substrates. Considering that P. ostreatus showed higher productivity in autoclaved substrates, further studies should be performed to develop alternative methods of disinfecting substrates for the cultivation of mushrooms in the Amazon region, as well as, in other regions with a tropical climate. However, the cultivation of this mushroom is promising using some regional substrates, especially with açaí, which is one of the important natural products of the Amazon.