Productivity Of Oil Palm Plantations Research Articles

Insidensi dan Keparahan Penyakit Bercak Daun Disebabkan oleh Curvularia sp. pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

In Indonesia, there has been a notable expansion in the area and productivity of oil palm plantations. Oil palm is among the top seven plantation commodities prioritized for development. High-quality seedlings are essential for optimal plant production. However, several factors can impede oil palm productivity, including diseases that affect oil palm seedlings. One such disease is brown spot disease caused by the fungus Curvularia sp. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of brown spot disease in oil palm seedlings. The research was conducted from May 2023 to June 2023 in Banyuasin Regency using a purposive sampling survey method. Thirteen seedling locations were selected based on their adherence to good seedling criteria. Seedlings aged 6-12 months were used in this study. At each location, five plots were surveyed, with 30-32 seedlings sampled per plot. Supporting data, including fertilization, watering, and herbicide and fungicide application, were tabulated to supplement the research findings. Results indicated that brown spot disease can affect plants as young as two weeks old. Initial symptoms include brown spots that eventually widen and merge with other spots. The average incidence of the disease was 93.29 % (± 7.89), with an average severity of 47.13% (± 13.23).

The Influence of Farmers' Welfare on Oil Palm Plantation Productivity in Indonesia

Farmers, especially oil palm farmers, contribute greatly to the palm oil industry and the national economy. Strategic agendas to increase the productivity of oil palm plantations, such as land certification programs for the people, agrarian reform, social forestry, and rejuvenation of smallholder plantations, will be hampered if farmers' welfare is ignored. This research aims to determine the influence of variables measuring farmer welfare on palm oil productivity. This exploratory research uses inferential analysis techniques. The data used is secondary data in the form of a time series for the 2015-2021 period. This research uses simple linear regression statistical data analysis with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the alternative Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The research results show that farmer welfare has a significant positive effect on oil palm productivity (0.000) < (0.005) with an estimated size of 0.910. In the sense that there is a positive and significant influence on farmer welfare on palm oil productivity.

Pengaruh Harga Internasional, Ekspor, Harga TBS, Dan Volume Produksi Biodiesel Terhadap Harga CPO Domestik

The palm oil industry downstream program supports the development of new energy made from palm oil, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel is used as a blend for fuels such as diesel. One of the goals of developing the biodiesel industry is to produce new renewable energy sources so that it can reduce dependence on fossil energy. With the development of the biodiesel industry, Indonesia's consumption of crude palm oil (CPO) will increase. It is feared that this could lead to an increase in domestic CPO prices. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of developing the biodiesel industry on domestic CPO prices. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual data from 1997-2021. The research analysis used multiple linear regression which is processed with Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The variables in this research are international CPO prices, CPO export volumes, biodiesel production, prices of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), and productivity of oil palm plantations. The real domestic CPO price was significantly affected by international CPO prices, CPO export volume, FFB prices, and the productivity of oil palm plantations. Biodiesel production was not proven to have a significant effect on domestic CPO prices.

Peran Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Marga Bhakti dalam Program Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR) di Desa Bagan Bhakti Kecamatan Balai Jaya Kabupaten Rokan Hilir

The rejuvenation of people's oil palm is one of the national strategic programs as an effort by the government to increase the productivity of oil palm plantations, by maintaining the area of land, so that oil palm plantations can be used optimally. To deal with the problem of palm oil that is no longer productive, the government created this people's oil palm rejuvenation program. The government gave instructions to all groups, both local government and the community, to be active and participate in the program, including the Balai Jaya sub-district, which took part in implementing the program. The Bagan Bhakti Village Government and also the Marga Bhakti Village Unit Cooperative are working together in running the program. The main problem is that the palm oil in Bagan Bhakti village is no longer productive which results in a decrease in income so that it is necessary to replant oil palm so that the economy in Bagan Bhakti Village is improving again. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Marga Bhakti Village Unit Cooperative and to find out what are the inhibiting factors in the people's oil palm rejuvenation program. This study uses the theory of Titik Sartika Pramono with indicators, building and developing the economic potential of members, improving the quality of human life, strengthening the people's economy, and creating and developing the country's economy. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, the data needed are primary data and secondary data through purposive sampling data collection techniques used, namely literature study, interviews, documentation, and observation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the program has been going well, there are only a few deficiencies in the program that have not been fulfilled. The inhibiting factor is the Marga Bhakti Village Unit Cooperative which has not been able to make the latest program for members who do not take part in the program to continue to support their income so that they remain good.
 

Optimalisasi Metode Sterilisasi Eskplan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Secara In Vitro

Oil palm commodity (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is one of the largest vegetable oil producing plants besides soybean seeds, sunflower seeds and coconut oil. Due to the good prospects, the farmers want to increase the productivity of oil palm plantations. However, the provision of superior and quality seeds is a problem. One good alternative to overcome this problem is the need for vegetative propagation through tissue culture techniques. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the sterilization technique on leaf explants of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in vitro which was carried out from February to March 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Jember State Polytechnic. The experimental design used for this study was a Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 10 replications, each replication consisting of 1 bottle containing 1 explant. The treatments used were treatment A (70% alcohol; 0.1% HgCl2, 2 g/l ascorbic acid; 2% NaOCl + 0.1 g/l fungicide), B treatment (10% NaOCl; 80% alcohol; HgCl2 0.1%) treatment C HgCl2) 0.03%; NaOCl 2%; Alcohol 50%) and treatment D (70% alcohol; bayclin 10%; bayclin 20%). From the results of research conducted that treatment D (70% alcohol; bayclin 10%; bayclin 20%) showed the best results to sterilization method of oil palm explants

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit ( Elais Guineensis Jacq.) Varietas DxP Simalungun Terhadap Aplikasi PGPR dan Trichoderma sp. Di Pre Nursery

Nurseries are important and play a major role in the development of upstream to downstream industries in oil palm plantations. One of the supporting factors affecting the productivity of oil palm plantations is the use of superior seeds. So far, there are still many oil palm nurseries that pay little attention to the type of soil used. The use of organic matter can be used to improve soil quality in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties as a place for growing oil palm seeds. Organic materials can increase the number of bacteria in the soil so that their use is more effective than just providing inorganic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PGPR and Trichoderma sp. on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre nursery phase. The implementation of the research entitled “Growth Response of Oil Palm Seeds (Elais guineensis Jacq.) DxP Simalungun Variety to the Application of PGPR and Trichoderma sp. In Pre-Nursery.” It will be held from July to November 2022 at the Plant and Field Protection Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Production, at an altitude of 104 meters above sea level. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 4 treatments. As for each treatment, P0: without the application of PGPR and Trichoderma sp. P1 : application of PGPR (density 105 CFU) P2 : application of Trichoderma sp. (density 108 spores/ml) P3 : PGPR application (density 105CFU) + Trichoderma sp. (density 108 spores/ml). Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then it was tested further with LSD (Lessest Significant Difference) 5%. The results of this study indicate that the application of PGPR + Trichoderma sp. significant effect on the parameters of plant height at 11 WAP, stem diameter at 5, 7, 11 WAP, root volume at 11 WAP and highly significant effect on the number of leaves parameter at 9 and 11 WAP. The best treatment was the application of PGPR (density 105 CFU) + Trichoderma sp. (density 108 spores/ml) (P3)

Dominance of palm oil plantation utilization on peatlands in Riau Province

Oil palm plantations have a positive impact in the form of increasing economic and social value for people in Riau Province. The area of oil palm plantations continues to increase. The limited mineral land in Riau Province has triggered the opening of oil palm plantations on peatlands. The study was conducted to obtain information on the dominance of the use of oil palm plantations in peatlands in Riau Province in this decade. The study was conducted with a descriptive approach based on analysis of changes in peatland use and increased production of oil palm plantations. The analysis was carried out spatially with the overlay technique. The analysis results were strengthened descriptively based on a literature review. The results study found that the area of oil palm plantations on peatlands in Riau Province reached 44.48%. The total production of FFE increased from 127 tons in 2010 to 193 tons in 2020. The estimated was number of people who depend on the oil palm plantation sector is 51.93%. The concluded that oil palm plantation activities have dominated the utilization of peatlands in Riau Province. The increase in oil palm plantations supports increasing production and becomes a leading commodity. The dominance of oil palm plantations has contributed to social and economic aspects as the mayor source of livelihood and increasing income.

ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPATION OF MELABUN PERMAI GAPOKTAN MEMBERS TO FOLLOW THE PEOPLE'S OIL PALM REJUVENATION (PSR) PROGRAM IN BANGKA CENTRAL DISTRICT

The People's Oil Palm Rejuvenation Program (PSR) is a National Strategic Program as an effort by the Government to increase the productivity of oil palm plantations. One important factor that determines the success of replanting activities is the participation of farmers, where without the participation of farmers, rejuvenation activities will not be successful, due to the role of farmers as the main actors in agricultural development programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of farmer participation and the factors that are significantly related to the implementation of People's Oil Palm Rejuvenation (PSR) in Sungaiselan District, Central Bangka Regency. The study of Gapoktan Melabun Permai in Sungaiselan Subdistrict, Central Bangka Regency was carried out from May to June 2023. The sample in this study was Gapoktan Melabun Permai, Sungaiselan District in Central Bangka Regency, totaling 59, the sampling technique of this study was non-probability sampling using consecutive sampling method, data collection used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Methods of data analysis to determine the participation of Gapoktan Melabun Permai in PSR using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study found that the participation of Gapoktan Melabun Permai in the implementation of the People's Palm Oil Rejuvenation (PSR) program in Sungaiselan District, Central Bangka Regency, was in the very high category with a percentage of 91.58%. After conducting multiple linear regression analysis, there is a significant relationship between the factors of land area, motivation,

Predicting Nitrogen Content in Oil Palms through Machine Learning and RGB Aerial Imagery

—Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for the sustainable health and productivity of oil palm plantations. Accurate fertilization for Nitrogencan optimize production while reducing maintenance costs. This study investigates the relationship between various vegetation indices and oil palm Nitrogen content using aerial images. We employ and compare different machine learning algorithms to predict Nitrogen content in oil palms, utilizing RGB aerial images obtained from PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (PTPN IV) in North Sumatra. Twelve vegetation indices are assessed, considering the limited spectral information available from the aerial images. Our findings reveal that the random forest algorithm, when applied to Hue, Green Leaf Index, and Coloration Index, yields the highest prediction accuracy of 90.13%. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that machine learning algorithms can effectively overcome the limitations of near-infrared channel availability, allowing for the prediction of Nitrogen content using RGB aerial images as a proxy for chlorophyll absorption.

Farm Resources Utilization on the Integrated System of Bali Cattle-Palm Oil

A study on cattle-oil palm integrated farms aimed to identify the level of utilization of farmer resources, and the technical efficiency at the individual level compared to its best potential achievement (frontier production). Observations were conducted on 152 farmers in four sub-districts in Paser Regency, East Borneo. They were randomly selected in two stages: (1) choosing a farmer group, and (2) choosing farmers from the selected group. Model the causal relationship between resource utilization and output of mixed farming using the Cobb-Douglas equation. Regression analysis was used to estimate the degree of technical efficiency ratio using the stochastic frontier analysis. The results of the analysis showed that farm cattle production was at a constant return to scale, meaning that a doubling of the farm outputs was obtained from doubling the resources used. The number of cattle ownership and labor are two factors that significantly increase farm output. As much as 46.7 percent of farmers achieve the first and second grades of technical efficiency with an efficiency index range is 0.7-0.9. The rest or 53,3 percent have an index range of below 0.7. This means that there is still a large chance for this sector to use resources more efficiently. Cattle are reproducible and transferable capital assets, it is relatively practical and affordable for farmers to provide them. While the productivity of oil palm plantations decreases due to aging, the addition of livestock assets can be relied upon to strengthen farmers' livelihood and income.

Peran Pemerintah dalam Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Peremajaan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit

Palm oil is one of the leading agricultural sectors which has an important role in Indonesia. In addition to being able to absorb new workers, the oil palm plantation business can also contribute to state revenues from crude palm oil (CPO) export levies, the demand for which is increasing every year. However, in recent years the level of productivity of oil palm plantations has decreased. This is due to the age of the plants that are getting older and not using superior and certified seeds at the start of planting. With this low level of productivity, it is necessary to carry out rejuvenation of oil palm plants. The target of this rejuvenation program is to be able to use both superior and certified seeds in order to increase plant productivity. This research uses normative juridical research methods, namely research conducted by researching and analyzing literature or secondary data only. The approach method is descriptive and qualitative research methods. The results showed that the government played an active role in implementing the oil palm rejuvenation program. This is evident from the many regulations made by the government or other stakeholders to support the smooth running of this program. In addition, as an effort to provide support in increasing palm oil productivity, especially in preparing funds for rejuvenation programs, the government has established the Oil Palm Plantation Fund (DPKS).

Strengthening Riau Province's Oil Palm Policy Based on Strengthening Local Institutions in Riau Province Bengkalis

Improving sustainable management of oil palm plantations, providing legal certainty, maintaining and protecting environmental sustainability, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing the development of oil palm farmers as well as the productivity of oil palm plantations. The policy aspect of considering sustainable development is something that cannot be missed, it must be discussed in an academic text on an oil palm plantation policy. So we need a model that minimizes the complexity and contestation that often appears in the area of oil palm plantation policy. After the research is carried out, it is expected to be able to formulate policies. These findings are useful for the government as part of the implementation of oil palm plantation policies, while still prioritizing the sustainable development aspect. This policy model can later be developed with the birth of strategies and activities that are interconnected in the development of oil palm plantations in Riau Province because it needs support from many stakeholders. So far, the existing policy pattern is top-down, and the dynamics between implementor actors and target groups in the field sometimes differ from the main objectives of the public policies that have been formulated so far. This research will provide new insights into a constructive policy model with a microscope because it is about public and private goods, which provide benefits for the government and welfare for smallholder plantations to oil palm farmers.
 Keywords: palm oil policy, smallholder plantation, sustainable development

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT DI PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA XIII

The total production of oil palm plantations at PT PN 13 during the period 2018 to 2021 fluctuated in each plantation. The causes of fluctuations or declines and increases in the number of oil palms are due to several factors including internal factors such as the age of the plants that are old, the number of plant populations that are not large enough and the application of fertilizers is not appropriate at the dose and time. While the external factor is due to the influence of erratic rainy weather. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of land area, labor, number of trees, plant age, NPK fertilizer, super dolomite fertilizer, and pesticides on oil palm production at PT PN 13. Data were collected through interviews and documentation of 13 plantations. taken from the period 2018 to 2021. The data analysis technique was carried out using the panel data regression method. The result of the chosen approach model is the fixed effect (FEM) model. So the factors that have a significant influence are the number of trees, NPK fertilizers, super dolomite fertilizers, and pesticides. For factors that have no significant effect are land area, labor, and plant age.

ANALISIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PETANI DALAM PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN LONG IKIS KABUPATEN PASER

The success of farmers in rejuvenation is considered very important for the survival of farmers. Oil palm smallholders are expected to be able to make decisions on rejuvenating their oil palm plantations in time to improve yields and increase farmers' income in the future. The general objectives of this research are to find out (1) how farmers make smallholder decisions in the oil palm rejuvenation program; (2) the factors that influence farmers' decision making in the oil palm rejuvenation program in Long Ikis District, Paser Regency. This research was conducted in Long Ikis District, Paser Regency. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis method using Likert attitude scale measurement. The data are tabulated and interpreted qualitatively with categories. This research is expected to provide information for farmers in making decisions for oil palm rejuvenation programs in order to increase the productivity of oil palm plantations. The things that farmers consider in making decisions about replanting are from the agronomic, economic and social aspects. Of the 6 factors that influence farmers' decisions to replant (land area, plant height, farming experience, income, government assistance and capital) the most influential factors in making oil palm replanting decisions are land area, plant height, capital and government assistance.

Management of Organizational Culture and Organizational Learning as Variables in Improving Performance

The commodity of crude palm oil (CPO) from time to time has more profitable business prospects. Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest CPO producing countries in the world. The availability of large enough land is one of the factors that makes Indonesia a major producer of CPO for the world community. However, the productivity of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is still low compared to Malaysia. This then becomes the rationale that improving the performance of oil palm plantation companies is not only related to the availability of land, technology or capital. However, another important thing that needs to be done is how oil palm plantation companies manage organizational culture and organizational learning activities. This study aims to determine the effect of organizational culture and organizational learning on the performance of employees of PTPN XIII (Persero) which is a coconut plantation company. The sample in this study were employees of class III - IV PTPN XIII (Persero) who served in West Kalimantan. The data analysis model uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance with a positive relationship direction, while organizational learning has no significant effect on employee performance with a positive relationship direction. This means that organizational learning has very little effect on employee performance.

Analysis of Soil Fertility in Oil Palm Plantation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Smallholder Farmers in East Luwuk District, Banggai Regency

One of the factors that influence the production of oil palm plantations is the condition of the land favorable for their growth and development, especially regarding the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the status of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine soil’s physical and chemical properties, as well as its fertility status on smallholder oil palm plantations. Soil sampling was conducted through a descriptive exploratory survey method, involving six sampling points and representing three oil palm ages (11, 16, and 22 years old). The soil chemical and fertility status were analyzed using the National Criteria of Soil Chemical Properties developed by Soil Research Institute and Five Major Soil Chemical Properties approach developed by Soil Research Center. All observed soil exhibited clay textures and varying soil color matrix. The soil had neutral acidity, medium to high base saturation/BS and cation exchange capacity/CEC, moderate P2O5, as well as low organic C and K2O. Soil fertility status on the entire sites were classified as low, which primarily caused by low soil organic C and K contents. In order to improve soil condition favorably for oil palm growth and development, further studies must be conducted using more direct approach, relating the oil palm requirement with current state of soil and land conditions.

Management of Organizational Culture and Organizational Learning as Variables in Improving Performance

The commodity of crude palm oil (CPO) from time to time has more profitable business prospects. Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest CPO producing countries in the world. The availability of large enough land is one of the factors that makes Indonesia a major producer of CPO for the world community. However, the productivity of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is still low compared to Malaysia. This then becomes the rationale that improving the performance of oil palm plantation companies is not only related to the availability of land, technology or capital. However, another important thing that needs to be done is how oil palm plantation companies manage organizational culture and organizational learning activities. This study aims to determine the effect of organizational culture and organizational learning on the performance of employees of PTPN XIII (Persero) which is a coconut plantation company. The sample in this study were employees of class III - IV PTPN XIII (Persero) who served in West Kalimantan. The data analysis model uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance with a positive relationship direction, while organizational learning has no significant effect on employee performance with a positive relationship direction. This means that organizational learning has very little effect on employee performance.

Factors that Affect the Productivity of Palm Oil Plantations Self-Help Patterns in Jambi Province

This study aims to analyze factors that affect the productivity of oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. This research was conducted in sentra palm oil production in Merangin Regency with the research locus of South Veil Subdistrict selected purposive. The data used consists of Primary Data that includes social factors, economic factors, behavior of the use of production inputs and productivity of oil palm plantations.. The sample size is 80 farmers. Sample withdrawal by Simple Random Sampling method Restoration of structural models factors that affect the productivity of oil palm plantations is used sem Partial Least Squaremodel. The results showed that social factors, economic factors and institutional access factors were in the moderate category. The productivity of oil palm plantations is relatively low. Manifest social factors, which have a very real effect is the age of farmers. Manifest market access and product prices have a very real effect on economic factors. Manifest access to fertilizer procurement and fertilizer prices has a very real effect on the behavior of the use of production inputs and moderation variables that have a significant effect on the productivity of oil palm plantations. Policies that need to be done to improve. Is the strengthening of economic factors in the field of product prices and market access, and upay6a strengthening the behavior of farmers in the use of production inputs, especially fertilizers by providing subsidy incentives.

PRODUKTIFITAS DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI SWADAYA, PLASMA, DAN PERUSAHAAN BESAR SWASTA (STUDI KASUS DI PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR)

The development of oil palm plantations in East Kalimantan can encourage the improvement of the regional economy and the people's economy. The interest of farmers to cultivate oil palm plantations is quite large, however, the production results are not in line with expectations. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in productivity and income between independent smallholders, plasma, and large private companies. This research is a qualitative descriptive study referring to quantitative and comparative studies. It was conducted in 5 districts namely, Kutai Kartanegara, Kutai Timur, Penajam Paser Utara, Paser, and Berau in the largest oil palm plantation area in East Kalimantan. The results showed that (1) the productivity of oil palm plantations on large private- and plasma- plantations continued to increase until the age of more than 10 years, while in smallholder self-help plantations the highest productivity was at the age of 9 years, after that there was a decrease in productivity; and (2) the income of large private plantations and plasma plantations continues to increase until the age of the plant is > 10 years, while in smallholder plantations the highest income occurs at the age of 9 years.

Differences Between Healthy and Ganoderma boninense Infected Oil Palm Seedlings Using Spectral Reflectance of Young Leaf Data

Ganoderma boninense (G.boninense) is the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) which significantly reduced the productivity of oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia. At early stage, the disease did not show any physical symptoms that could be seen with naked eyes resulted in detection difficulties. To date, there was no effective detection for this disease, and conventional methods such as manual and laboratory-based required trained specialists as well as time-consuming. Therefore, this study was conducted using hyperspectral remote sensing to investigate the differences in spectral reflectance of young leaf (frond one (F1) of healthy and G. boninense infected oil palm seedlings. The seedlings were inoculated with G. boninense pathogen at five months old. At five months after inoculation, 558 spectral signatures of F1 were extracted from acquired hyperspectral images. Noise removal was done to the extracted spectral signatures to remove outliers in the data. Then, the spectral signatures were averaged and plotted to observe the differences. Differences in reflectance of healthy and G. boninense infected seedlings were seen evidently in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Thus, this study showed evidence that F1 spectral reflectance has the ability to detect early stage of G. boninense infection at oil palm seedlings.