Productivity Of Land Resources Research Articles

The Impact of Soil Acidity in Soil and Water Conservation and the Current Practices of Soil and Water Conservation Response to Acid Affected Soils in Ethiopia: A Review

Land degradation is a global negative environmental process that causes the decline in the productivity of land resources’ capacity to perform their functions. Ethiopia has an experience long term in soil and water conservation efforts since1970s and it has established six national Ethiopian Soil Conservation Research Programs were initiated in 1981 and their focus over agro-ecology, land physiographic, climate and farming system but not considerable soil mechanics, hydraulic and geotechnical processes. Agronomic or biological measures are in helping to minimize the soil erosion by increasing soil surface cover, surface roughness, and surface depression storage, soil infiltration and decapitating potential and kinetic energy. In acid affected soil, before installed biological or agronomic soil and water conservation measures should be identified suitable technologies or recommendation either acid soil tolerant or reclaim the soils. Biological soil and water conservation and soil management measure more rehabilitee acid affected soils than physical soil and water conservation due to addition of bio mass, resulting decomposition improve soil structure, aeration, apparition infiltration ultimate reduction of soil erosion functions . Keywords: soil acidity, soil and water conservation DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/86-02 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КУРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The article is devoted to the assessment of the efficiency of the use of land resources in agriculture of the Kurgan Region. The analysis of the efficiency of agricultural land use was carried out for the period from 2015 to 2019, which allowed the author to draw objective conclusions about the current state of the land and the land resource potential of the region. Agriculture can be attributed to a complex economic system. Mutual processes between biological, technological, organizational and economic processes are expanded reproduction in agriculture. The branches of the agro-industrial complex and the branches of agriculture are closely interrelated. The main goal of agriculture is to achieve stable growth of agricultural production, reliable supply of food and agricultural raw materials to the country. Based on this, the issue of effective use of agricultural land available to economic entities becomes relevant. Unlike other means of production in agriculture (which wear out during operation, thereby reducing their properties, go out of economic circulation), the natural productivity of land resources can increase with rational use. One of the reasons for the inefficiency of the implemented land use policy is the actual lack of regular assessment and monitoring of the effective and rational use of land resources in agriculture, both at the level of individual agricultural producers and at the level of the region as a whole. The purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the land use system in the Kurgan region is to characterize the structure of land resources for making management decisions aimed at ensuring rational and efficient use of land.

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Quality Indicators: The Case of Geshy Subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia

Land degradation is a global negative environmental process that causes the decline in the productivity of land resources’ capacity to perform their functions. Though soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies have been adopted in Geshy subcatchment, their effects on soil quality were limitedly studied. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects SWC measures on soil quality indicators in Geshy subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia. A total of 54 soil samples (two treatments–farmlands with and without SWC measures ∗ three slope classes ∗ three terrace positions ∗ three replications) were collected at a depth of 20 cm. Statistical differences in soil quality indicators were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the general linear model procedure of SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows. Means that exhibited significant differences were compared using Tukey’s honest significance difference at 5% probability level. The studied soils are characterized by low bulk density, slightly acidic with clay and clay loam texture. The results revealed that farmlands with SWC measures had significantly improved soil physical (silt and clay fractions, and volumetric soil water content (VSWC)) and chemical (pH, SOC, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. phosphorus) quality indicators as compared with farmlands without SWC measures. The significantly higher VSWC, clay, SOC, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. P at the bottom slope classes and terrace positions could be attributed to the erosion reduction and deposition effects of SWC measures. Generally, the status of the studied soils is low in SOC contents, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. P (deficient). Thus, integral use of both physical and biological SWC options and agronomic interventions would have paramount importance in improving soil quality for better agricultural production and productivity.

EFFICIENCY OF MILK FARMS ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE GENERAL FARMS THAT WERE COVERED BY THE FADN ACCOUNTANCY

The aim of the study was to assess the results of managing production resources in farms specializing in milk production against the background of the total number of agricultural holdings that were covered by agricultural accounting in the FADN system in 2016. The analysis covered the production and economic results as well as the productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital resources. The results of the surveyed farms presented in the study indicate a similar level of productivity of land resources in both groups of farms, higher labor productivity in dairy farms and lower capital in those farms. Farms specializing in milk production obtained economic results at a much higher level than total farms, therefore the profitability of production resources was also significantly higher in these farms.

Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw ogrodniczych

Celem opracowania jest ocena wyników gospodarowania zasobami produkcyjnymi w gospodarstwach nastawionych na produkcję ogrodniczą na tle wyników ogółu gospodarstw rolnych, które były objęte rachunkowością rolną w systemie FADN w latach 2013-2015. Analizie poddano wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne oraz produktywność i dochodowość zasobów ziemi, pracy i kapitału. Zaprezentowane w opracowaniu wyniki badanych gospodarstw wskazują na znacznie wyższy poziom efektywności produkcyjnej zasobów w gospodarstwach ogrodniczych, zwłaszcza produktywności ziemi, ale także kapitału. Gospodarstwa specjalizujące się w produkcji ogrodniczej uzyskały wyniki ekonomiczne na kilkukrotnie wyższym poziomie niż gospodarstwa ogółem, dlatego przewyższały je bardziej efektywnością ekonomiczną niż produkcyjną, zwłaszcza w gospodarowaniu zasobami ziemi, jak również kapitału. Dopłaty do działalności gospodarstw ogrodniczych nie mają dużego wpływu na poziom dochodów uzyskiwanych przez te gospodarstwa.

Agricultural resources management through a linear programming approach: A case study on productivity optimization of crop-livestock farming integration

The crop-livestock integrated farming system practiced in most developing countries depends to a greater extent on the ecosystem as a whole. The importance of animals as an agent of nutrient recycle, sources of rural energy in terms of draft power and fuel as well as major contributor of the farm economy, has resulted into increased population of ruminant stock in these regions creating threats to the sustainability and productivity of land resources. This case-study research attempted to formulate optimum herd size compatible to different resource holding farm categories within the sub watershed in mid hills region of Nepal. The research was conducted by classified data collection in Nepal and analysis using Linear Programming (LP) techniques. The LP analysis revealed that the farmers of large, medium and small categories of farms can optimize their livestock holding with combination of 3 Livestock Units (LU) buffaloes and 4 LU goats, 2 LU buffaloes and 4 LU goats and 1 LU buffaloes and 4.4 LU goats with maximum return to the farm family without exerting pressure on the fragile natural resources.

PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RESULTS OF FARMS PLACED ON PLANT CROPS

The aim of the study is to assess the results of production resources management in farms focused on crop production against the background of the total number of agricultural holdings that were covered by agricultural accounting in the FADN system in 2013-2015. The analysis covered the production and economic results as well as the productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital resources. The results of the surveyed farms presented in the study point to a lower level of production results and productivity of land resources and capital in plant holdings, especially the productivity of land resources. Farms specializing in crop production had economic results at a much lower level than total farms, therefore the profitability of land resources was also significantly lower in these farms. It should be emphasized that subsidies for the operation of plant farms determine the level of income obtained by these farms.

Analysis of scientific approaches to research of convergence theories

The scientific and theoretical approaches to the study of convergence theories are analyzed and summarized in the article. Feasibility of updating process of territorial convergence of economic systems with differential features of development is outlined. It is proved a necessity of developing a promising concept for the development of rural border areas, which will promote sustainable development based on the consideration of socio-economic, natural and environmental characteristics of the area. In this study the theories and concepts of convergence will enable to detect individual weaknesses and identify the causes affecting the efficiency of providing perspective development of rural border areas. It is proved that in order to ensure convergence processes of rural border areas must be considered above all productivity of land resources, because the land is an important part of rural development. It is proved a necessity of implementation of new approaches to the management of economic development that will promote regional convergence systems.

Land-based limitations and threats to world food production

The decreasing availability of new productive lands for agricultural use combines with many threats of degradation to lands now In productive use to pose serious challenges to scientists, planners and policy makers who aim to meet the ever expanding demand for food, fodder, fuel, and fibre around the globe. Constraints to productive land use may be physical or biological, natural or man-made. All prevent the realization of high and sustainable production goals, pdrticularly in the developing and less developed countries. Climate, topographic and water supply constraints are, in general, less manageable than are soil-based constraints; these can be alleviated by an abundance of available technologies. The current emphasis towards agricultural sustainability is very timely for countering the threats of degradation to the availability and productivity of land resources as well as the quality of the environment.