Productive Potential Of Land Research Articles

Legal principles of regulating the land management mechanism in land resource management

Today, economic relations in the field of land use require the presence of an effective tool to ensure environmentally safe and economically efficient use of land in agricultural production. Considering that the land, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, is defined as the main national wealth of the people and is under special protection of the state, there is a need to protect and restore agricultural lands, which is a priority task in the process of ensuring sustainable development of the country. Modern land relations in the agricultural sector are the subject of constant discussions in the process of implementing the state’s agrarian policy, which generates a number of problematic issues that require immediate resolution. As a result of carrying out an ineffective land reform, a number of socio-ecological-economic problems have arisen in the field of agricultural land use, which have caused an imbalance in the development of rural areas. Therefore, a necessary condition for ensuring the effectiveness of management decisions in the agricultural sector is the formation of technical, economic and legal prerequisites for assessing the state of land resources, organizing and planning their rational use and protection, which are implemented through the functioning of the land management system. However, due to a number of reasons and contradictions, the effectiveness of the modern land management system remains low. The land management mechanism in the general system of land resource management for the effective use of agricultural land, investment and productive potential of land in rural areas, creating conditions for increasing social, transforming it into a powerful factor of economic growth. The main functions and role of the land management mechanism in the land resource management system have been considered and grouped.

Thirty years of land reform (1991–2021)

This study analyzes the change in the structure of agricultural land use over the 30 years of land reform in Kazakhstan (from 1991 to 2020). The land reform was aimed at the creation of various forms of management, which created the necessary organizational, economic and social conditions for the development of the agricultural land market. However, it has led to a significant concentration of land in hands of some land owners. To confirm this hypothesis, comparative data collected in Kazakhstan for thirty years were used, starting from the period before the land reform (1991) and up to 2021. A new phenomenon for the Kazakh agricultural economy - peasant and farm enterprises represent an ever-increasing part of agricultural land use. As a result of the reforms, 61.7% of all agricultural land was transferred to peasant and farm usage. The goals of the land reform were to increase the efficiency of land use, create conditions for increasing the social, investment and productive potential of land, turning it into a powerful independent factor in economic growth. These goals were achieved in the process of land reform through a dramatic shift from the predominance of large-scale agricultural holdings (collective and state farms) to individual or family farming based on peasants and farmers. For the period from 1991 to 2020, the number of peasant farms increased by 87 times, and their area by 41 times, and in subsequent years these figures remained at a high level.

ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ РЕСУРСІВ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ

The analysis of efficiency of land resources management is important for the development of the potential of the economic complex, both in a separate region and in the country. In the context of functioning of the agroindustrial complex, agricultural land is the main means of production, which allows to receive gross products and profits from its realization. The volume of gross products output depends on the efficiency of land resources exploitation, which in turn requires from the state and owners of agricultural enterprises to use the productive potential of land in a high quality and efficient manner. The article analyzes key aspects of the assessment of the efficiency of land resources use at the regional level. It is noted that land resources management is a process that requires constant improvement and reformation in accordance with the requirements of land relations, land use and land ownership, land management, optimization of land allocation between the branches of economy of the country, etc. Taking into account the above-mentioned, the assessment of the effectiveness of land resources management should be considered on the basis of the assessment of its exploitation. The effectiveness of land resources management is assessed on the example of Cherkassy region. An assessment of the effectiveness of the use of land resources is carried out on the example of Cherkassy region. Analytical calculations and assessment of the efficiency of land use according to the integral index of land use efficiency made it possible to divide the districts of Cherkassy region into groups and identify those with inefficient use of land resources. Proposals regarding the response measures of state authorities to participants in land relations who conduct economic activities in the territories of such districts have been assigned.

The productive potential of the land and its assessment principles in Ukraine

Getting the maximum economic effect on agricultural lands without environmental performance needs to restore these areas. The main objective of optimum utilization of land resources is a process of territorial organization, in which the need to apply the most effective option to use the whole complex of land resources for the greatest productive potential of agricultural land. The concept of "productive potential" is considered as the combination of characteristics of land and natural conditions, shaped by human society, and determine the nature of the rational use of land in the area of expanded reproduction. In general terms the maximum opportunity in the economy. The productive potential of land is not a sustainable figure. During the agricultural use of the land productive potential is constantly changing due to the gradual improvement or reduction of logistics, soil fertility and obtaining agricultural products. The productive capacity of agricultural land is proposed to assess the following indicators: a qualitative characterization of soils and agricultural technologies. These indicators are as diverse comparative calculation to be posted in stages. First of all, draws attention to the qualitative characteristics of the soil, which is the basis for growing crops. Data on basic indicators of soil to be correct and complex to define parameters of soil and expressed through generalized estimation of fertility. These figures are in agrochemical passport fields. The final calculation serves agrochemical and environmental agrochemical evaluation, filed in points. Modern agricultural technologies is a complex process operations management processes productive crops in artificial ecosystems to achieve the forecasted yields and product quality while ensuring environmental safety and some economic efficiency. Number of applied agricultural technologies depends on the complexity of environmental conditions and the level of planned productivity. The more intense agricultural technologies, especially natural factors must be considered. To improve performance and improvement of production in agriculture advanced countries in the world use precision agriculture. When used precision agriculture systems plant receives the amount of substances which it needs. By fertilizing spot, where they are needed, minimized costs of acquisition Equally important set of measures aimed at improving the natural environment is reclamation. Thanks to the introduction of more productive land reclamation, increasing their resistance to adverse climatic conditions and creates an environment that best meets the requirements that are in agriculture. Bet the use of productive potential site is reduced to an objective assessment of the environmental and economic interests and study the most effective ways to implement them. Prevention of the costs of restoring soil quality and further increase the full net production effects that positively influence the formation of the productive potential of agricultural land. Key words: productive capacity, soil fertility, agricultural technologies, forecasting

The working for water programme: Evolution of a payments for ecosystem services mechanism that addresses both poverty and ecosystem service delivery in South Africa

A payments for ecosystem services (PES) system came about in South Africa with the establishment of the government-funded Working for Water (WfW) programme that clears mountain catchments and riparian zones of invasive alien plants to restore natural fire regimes, the productive potential of land, biodiversity, and hydrological functioning. The success of the programme is largely attributed to it being mainly funded as a poverty-relief initiative, although water users also contribute through their water fees. Nevertheless, as the hydrological benefits have become apparent, water utilities and municipalities have begun to contract WfW to restore catchments that affect their water supplies. This emerging PES system differs from others in that the service providers are previously unemployed individuals that tender for contracts to restore public or private lands, rather than the landowners themselves. The model has since expanded into other types of ecosystem restoration and these have the potential to merge into a general programme of ecosystem service provision within a broader public works programme. There is a strong case for concentrating on the most valuable services provided by ecosystems, such as water supply, carbon sequestration, and fire protection, and using these as ‘umbrella services’ to achieve a range of conservation goals. The future prospects for expansion of PES for hydrological services are further strengthened by the legal requirement that Catchment Management Agencies be established. These authorities will have an incentive to purchase hydrological services through organisations such as WfW so as to be able to supply more water to their users.

Aerial Photography, Soil Surveys and Land Capability Classification for Forestry Planning in Southern Africa

SUMMARY The subject of aerial photography, soil survey and land use planning in forestry is reviewed in a parochial and practical context. In this context the prime objectives of aerial photography and soil survey are to provide means of evaluating the productive potential of land for planning purposes or prior to purchase. Aerial climate and edaphic climate are regarded as the dominant determinants of potential for afforestation and it is suggested that there is insufficient awareness of the importance of edaphic climate, and hence of soil survey, in relation to forestry potential. The view is expressed that the only satisfactory approach to the assessment of forestry potential is the holistic ecological approach, and some plant ecological and edaphic indices of potential are briefly reviewed. Soil survey has lagged in South Africa, but in recent years there has been improved progress in soil mapping, mainly for agricultural purposes. South Africa now has a very satisfactory system of soil classification...

Coyote Creek Field, Wyoming, Its Character and Significance: ABSTRACT

Coyote Creek is the largest stratigraphically trapped Dakota oil field discovered on the eastern flank of the Powder River basin. The trap is formed by an updip change from clean sand to impermeable sand, siltstone and shale in a pinch-out zone which is only a few hundred yards wide. The trap occurs in an area of homoclinal End_Page 961------------------------------ dip slightly modified by small normal faults. The sand body has a relatively flat base, is irregular in shape and loses porosity and permeability from the top downward. It appears to be a near-shore marine deposit. Permeabilities in the sand body are as great as 3,200 md, but more commonly range from 100 to 400 md. The average reservoir thickness is about 46 feet. Development drilling continues, and to date has resulted in fifty producing wells and nine dry holes. The oil column is about 300 feet thick and recoverable oil will exceed twenty-five million barrels. The field was discovered between two dry holes one and three-quarters miles apart. This points out the need for closely spaced wildcats to evaluate the productive potential of land in areas of rapid lateral stratigraphic changes. Exploration-wise, the field is significant because its study demonstrates stratigraphic principles which may be used in searching for new oil fields. End_of_Article - Last_Page 962------------