Productive Performance Of Broiler Chickens Research Articles

PSII-19 Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase alone or combination of xylanase and β-glucanase on growth performance and intestinal measurements in broiler chickens

Abstract Poultry feeds primarily comprise plant ingredients such as cereal grains and cereal by-products that are high in non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). However, poultry has limited digestive enzymes to efficiently utilize NSPs, and therefore, exogenous NSP-degrading enzymes (NSPase) are typically supplemented to poultry diets. Xylanase is the most widely used as NSPase in poultry diets because xylanase degrades arabinoxylans which is in increased amounts in most feed grains like corn and wheat, thereby improving dietary nutrient utilization and subsequent productive performance. β-glucanase is another potential exogenous NSPase used to degrade β-glucans present in plant ingredients. Although the benefits of dietary xylanase are well-documented, limited information regarding effects of dietary xylanase and β-glucanase complex is available. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase alone or combination of xylanase and β-glucanase on growth performance and intestinal measurements in broiler chickens. A total of four hundred 8-d-old male and female Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 10 replicates. Each replicate had 5 male and 5 female birds. Dietary treatments included a positive control (PC) diet with adequate energy and nutrients, a negative control (NC) diet with high NSP-containing ingredients and less AMEn by 100 kcal/kg than PC diet, and 2 NC-based diets supplemented with 0.1% xylanase (4,000,000 units/kg) or 0.1% xylanase-glucanase complex (4,000,000 units/kg xylanase and 2,000,000 units/kg β-glucanase). The experiment lasted for 28 d. For intestinal measurements including jejunal morphology and ileal digesta viscosity, 1 male chicken per replicate was selected based on the body weight at the end of the experiment. Results indicated that birds fed PC diets had less (P < 0.05) FCR than those fed NC diets (Table 1). Birds fed diets supplemented with xylanase alone or combination of xylanase and β-glucanase had also less (P < 0.05) FCR than those fed NC diets. No difference in FCR was observed between birds fed PC diets and those fed diets supplemented with xylanase alone or combination of xylanase and β-glucanase. However, dietary treatments had no effects on body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake of broiler chickens. Jejunal villous height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) was greater (P < 0.05) for birds fed PC diets or diets supplemented with combination of xylanase and β-glucanase than those fed NC diets (Table 2). Feeding diets supplemented with xylanase alone or combination of xylanase and β-glucanase decreased (P < 0.05) ileal digesta viscosity as compared with feeding NC diets (Table3). In conclusion, feeding high NSP and low energy diets supplemented with either 0.1% xylanase alone or 0.1% xylanase and β-glucanase complex results in similar productive performance of broiler chickens as compared with feeding typical corn-soybean meal-based diets possibly due to improved intestinal structure and decreased digesta viscosity.

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Undecorticated Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Fruit in the Diets on Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Undecorticated Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Fruit in the Diets on Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

Early-age thermal manipulation and supplemental antioxidants on physiological, biochemical and productive performance of broiler chickens in hot-tropical environments

Heat stress has been ranked as a critical environmental issue confronting chicken farmers worldwide because of its detrimental effect on the growth, performance and health of the birds. This study evaluated the effects of early-age thermal manipulation (EATC) and supplemental antioxidants on the physiological responses of broilers in a hot tropical environment. A total of 300 day-old Ross broiler chicks were allocated to five thermal and dietary treatments, having 5 replicates of twelve birds each. The treatments were: chicks reared using the conventional method (CC), chicks exposed to early thermal manipulation with a temperature of 38 °C at day 5 with no antioxidant supplementation (TC), TC plus vitamin E at 250 mg/kg of feed (TV), TC plus selenium at 0.5 mg/kg of feed (TS) and the combination of TS and TV(TVS). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design and data collected were analyzed using SAS (2008). The results showed that TVS broilers had significantly higher (P < 0.05) body weights at the finisher phase than the other treatment groups. The feed conversion ratio of TVS broilers was comparable to the TV group but lower (P < 0.05) than the other treatments. Reduced levels (P < 0.05) of heterophil, lymphocytes and hetrophil and lymphocyte ratio were recorded in the TVS compared to TV, TS and TC broilers. On day 42, the rectal temperature was significantly higher in CC than those in other treatment groups, which were comparable. TVS birds had higher (P < 0.05) weights of spleen, liver and lower abdominal fat than other treatments. The lowest concentration of plasma malondialdehyde and the highest activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were recorded in TV and TVS birds. The study concluded that the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers were improved by the combination of EATC with supplemental Se and vitamin E (TVS).

The effect of an enzyme additive in combination with zinc in an ultrafine form on the productive performance of broiler chickens

Poultry farming is one of the most important and promising branches of animal husbandry. Given the increasing rate of industrial poultry farming, for the stable development of the industry and improving competitiveness in world markets, more and more attention is paid to the search for safe alternative agents to increase productivity. The study examined the strategy of feeding substances of different nature as feed additives, in particular, enzyme complexes separately (group I (0,05%; endo-1,4-beta-xylanase - 4000 units/g, alpha-amylase - 400 units/g and subtilisin - 8000 units/g)) and in combination with ultradispersed zinc (group II (3 mg/kg; 164±31,2 nm)). It was found that in group I the digestibility ratios of crude protein were higher by 6.03 % (P≤0.05), crude fiber by 3.68 % (P≤0.05), nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.39 % (P≤0.05) compared to control. At the same time, in group II, changes were recorded in crude protein and crude fiber - an increase of 6.51% (P≤0.01) and 7.59% (P≤0.05), respectively. At 42 days of age, the live weight of broiler chickens I was 10.1% higher than control (P≤0.05), and in group II by 11.32% (P≤0.01). At the same time, the cost of feed per 1 kg of growth was minimal in group II, 16.79% lower than the control values. Thus, the maximum productive effect was observed with the introduction of a complex enzyme supplement in combination with zinc in ultradispersed form.

Impact of dietary dicalcium phosphate nanoparticles on productive performance of broiler chickens.

Impact of dietary dicalcium phosphate nanoparticles on productive performance of broiler chickens.

The Effect of Adding Levels Hibisscus sabdariffa.L of Powder in the Ration on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

The study was carried out in the poultry farms affiliated to Animal Production Research - College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk. 250 one-day-old, unsexed chickens were used for a period of 45 days, to find out the effect of the local currant powder added to the diet on the productive performance of broiler chickens of the Rose 308 type distributed randomly into 6 treatments divided into 5 replications for each replicate. 10 birds included, the first treatment being control the second contains 0.05 mg of BHT, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth contain 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Hibisscus Sabdariffa.L, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences at the level of P≤0.05. Forage consumption increased in the sixth treatment for all weeks, and the total rate, except for the sixth week, was superior to T4, T5, and T6. The weight gain recipe outperformed the sixth treatment for all weeks, and in the food conversion treatment T1 decreased in the first week, while in the second week it decreased in T5, while in the third and fifth weeks, and the total rate decreased T6, T5, but in the sixth week it was lower in T6. There were no significant differences in the percentage of purification and in the weights of the carcass, heart and liver, and the gizzard excelled at T6.

The Effect of using Different Sources of Vegetable Oils on the Productive Performance of Broilers Ross 308

In order to determine the impact of using five different types of vegetable oils on the productive performance of broiler chickens, Ross 308, I carried out a field experiment in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, between November 28, 2022, and January 5, 2023. A total of 150 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, each weighing an average of (39.12) g at one day old, participated in the study. Five chicks were assigned to each of the six replicates in each of the five treatments, which were given equally to the chicks. Sunflower oil was utilized in the first treatment, followed by linseed oil in the second, olive oil in the third, canola oil in the fourth, and maize oil in the fifth. According to the Ross 308 Breeding Guide, crushed feed, lighting, and water were given. At the conclusion of each feeding session, the body weight, weight increase, amount of feed consumed, and feed conversion factor were recorded. These were the outcomes: The fourth treatment (using canola oil) did not significantly differ from the other experimental treatments in terms of body weight at 35 days or total weight gain, and there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments. The fourth treatment was significantly better than the control treatment (using sunflower oil). in terms of feed conversion ratio and feed usage.

Response of Broiler to Addition Dimethylglycine of Normal and Low-Energy Diets in Productive Performance

The research was conducted in poultry fields in the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Anbar for the period starting from the third of September 2022 until the fourteenth of December 2022 (42 days), and The purpose of the study was to find out the effect adding dimethylglycine to diets Regular and low-energy diets on productive performance of broiler chickens. 180 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, 1 day old and average weight of 37.8 g, were used, distributed to two groups depending on the energy level in the diet (normal diet and low energy diet), each group was treated with dimethylglycine at levels (0, 300 and 600 mg / In kg of fed), The results showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) for the addition treatments 0, 300 and 600 mg / kg feed in average body weight, weight gain and feed conversion factor compared to control treatments. As for the interaction between the trait of the diet and the additives, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed in the treatment of the regular ration by adding 300 DMG / kg feed compared to the rest of the treatments, then this was followed by the treatment with reduced food rations without addition or with the addition of 300 DMG / kg fed. We conclude that adding DMG at the above levels to the regular and low-energy diets The productive performance of broilers improved without any negative effect.

Improving the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Containing the Mixture “Toxbond Forte”

The current study is conducted to study the use of the mixture called “Toxbond Forte” and its effect on the productive characteristics of broiler chickens in the fields of Kosar Company – Erbil. The experiment took 35 days and it was from 20/7/2022 to 25/8/2022. 120 unsexed chicks from Rose 308 type one day old with an initial weight of 42 ± 3 g per chick have been used in this experiment. The chicks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment 8 birds/repeater. The experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment T1: control treatment without any additions, the second treatment T2 : adding the compound by 0.5 g / kg of feed, the third treatment T3: adding the compound by 1 g / kg of feed, the fourth treatment T4: adding the compound by 1.5 g / kg of feed, and the fifth treatment T5: adding the compound by 2 g / kg of feed. The results of the analysis showed that there significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the average body weight in the fourth and fifth week, while the weekly weight was gained in the second, fourth, and fifth weeks. In contrast to that, there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the rate of the weekly feed consumption in the first and fourth weeks, but it was noted that the consumed feed decreased in the fifth week in favor of the additional groups when comparing with the control treatment. Lastly, the research showed that there were no significant differences in the first, second, and third weeks, but there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the fourth and fifth weeks for the additional treatments when compared with the control group in the factor of food conversion.

Performance of broiler chickens fed compound feeds with various of cereal grains

Maize and wheat are the main cereal forage crops cultivated at a global scale. They are among preferred forage grains for poultry nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of broiler chickens, whose compound feeds contained either maize, or wheat alone and maize +wheat combination. The experiment was performed with 120 day-old male ROSS hybrid chicks reared on the floor for 49 days. The birds were divided into three groups, each one consisting of two subgroups, as follows: group Е1 – fed forage with maize and wheat; group Е2 – fed forage with wheat and group Е3 – forage with maize. The live weight, feed intake, feed conversion and slaughter traits were investigated. By the 49th day of age, the live weight of chickens from groups Е1 and Е2 fed diet with maize and wheat (35.99%+28%), and only wheat without maize (66%) were the heaviest, 3147.18 g and 3361.32 g, respectively. Chicks from group E3 fed the diet containing only maize (64.12%) without wheat had the lowest average live weight (2587.75 g at Р&lt;0.0001). Wheat, as a single cereal in broiler compound feeds, and its combination with maize had the most beneficial effect on weight gain and feed conversion over the entire fattening period (P&lt;0.001). The improved weight gain of birds fed these diets was accompanied with higher feed intake (P&lt;0.001) compared to birds fed forage with maize only. The slaughter yield and the breast with bone cut increased statistically significantly in the wheat-fed groups (P&lt;0.001).

Improving the productive performance of broiler chickens fed on diets containing the mixture "Toxbond Forte

The study is conducted in Kosar's company experimental fields / Erbil to study the improvement of the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens, specifically those feeding on diets including "Toxbond Forte". The experiment lasted for 35 days and used 120 unsexed one day old chicks from Rose 308 type with an average of 42 ± 3 g per chick. The chicks were randomly classified into five treatments with three replications; each treatment had eight birds / replicate). The first treatment (T1) is called the control treatment in which the feed was without any addition, the second treatment (T2) included the addition of the compound with an average of 0.5 g / kg of feed, the third treatment (T3) included the addition of the mixture with a percentage higher than the second one, i.e. with a rate of 1 g / kg of feed, the fourth treatment (T4) included the rate of 1.5 g / kg of feed, and last treatment (T5) had the percentage of 2 g / kg of feed addition to the mixture. Results have shown that there are no big differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the relative weight of the main segments (chest and thigh piece), while the relative weight of the drumstick is significantly higher than the other treatments. Moreover, no differences have been seen for the secondary cuts, internal viscera and empty carcass weight, (p ≤ 0.05). Finally, the study has noted a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the percentage of the net weight.

Effect of adding lycopene and vitamin C to the diets on the productive performance of broiler chickens raised under heat stress

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the efficacy of lycopene and vitamin C in alleviating heat stress in broilers and improving its overall performance. The experiment used 120 one-day-old broiler Ross 308 not sexed, each weighing 42 g, they were randomly distributed among five treatments with three replications (8 birds/replicate) and raised for 35 days under a temperature above 30 °C during the summer. The following are the experimental treatments: T1 was the first treatment, and it's a no-extras diet. T2: 1 gram of lycopene per kilogram. T3: 2 g of lycopene per kilogram of diet, T4. Lycopene (1 g/kg) and vitamin C (25 mg/kg feed) are combined as the fourth therapeutic option, T5. Lycopene (2 g/kg) and vitamin C (25 mg/kg feed) are combined as the fourth therapeutic option, T4. There were no statistically significant differences in the first three weeks of the experiment, but there were significant differences between the addition treatment and the control treatment in the rate of live body weight from the W2 until the end of the experiment. Feed consumption increases within the first, second and three week of contro treatment. Compared with addition treatments.

Defatted Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as an Alternative to Soybean Meal for Broiler Chickens

The production of soybean meal (SBM) has a substantial impact on the environment and reducing its inclusion in poultry diets by using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, is an important challenge for nutritionists. This study aimed to compare the productive performance of broiler chickens fed one of two isonitrogenic (195 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (12.91 MJ/kg) diets. The first diet contained SBM as the main protein source, whereas SBM was completely replaced by defatted meal from Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.; BSFL) in the second diet. Compared to the BSFL diet, the final body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG) of birds fed the SBM diet was ~17% greater and feed was utilised 19% more efficiently (p &lt; 0.05). The differences in WG and FCR were supported by improved energy metabolism metrics, fat digestibility and digestibility of acid detergent fibres (ADFD) (p &lt; 0.05). The present study shows that a complete replacement of dietary SBM with BSFL meal must be achieved with care, ensuring that all other factors (e.g., insect processing technology, feed additive supplementation, non-protein nitrogen accounting, mineral balance, fatty acid profile, amino acid supplementation) have been considered.

The Effect of Partial Substitution of Fermented Potato Peeling Powder Instead of Yellow Corn on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

This experiment was conducted in the chickens field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 25/2/2022 to 1/4/2022. To study the effect of partial substitution of fermented potato peeling powder instead of yellow corn in broiler food on productive performance, 231 (Ross 308) broiler chicks were used in the experiment, distributed randomly to seven treatments of 33 chicks/treatment, each treatment containing three replicates and each replicate containing 11 chicks, as the chicks were classified at the age of one day, as each reproduce included six males and five females, and the experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment, T1: a comparison treatment containing yellow corn, at a rate of 48%, and the second treatment, T2, the third, T3, and the fourth, T4, in which fermented potato peels were replaced with kiwi juice At rates of 6, 12 and 18%, respectively, while the fifth treatment (T5), sixth (T6) and seventh (T7) included substituting fermented potato peels with the Iraqi probiotic, at rates of 6, 12 and 18%, respectively. Data were analyzed according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The features under study were recorded over three periods from 1 to 10 days begins phase, 11 to 24 days growth phase, and 25 to 35 days terminal phase according to the Ross 308 Production Manual. Data indicated There was a highly important decrease (P < 0.01) in treatment T4 and T7 compared to other treatments in average body weight, average weight gain, and food changed factor for different periods, while the replacement treatments of 6% and 12% fermented potato peelings with fortifier and kiwi juice did not differ significantly. with the comparison treatment. The treatments did not show significant differences in the amount of feed consumed in the different age stages of the study.

Effects of Copper oxide nanoparticles on productive performance of broiler chickens under climate change conditions

Effects of Copper oxide nanoparticles on productive performance of broiler chickens under climate change conditions

Validation of the Effect of Some Nutritional Manipulations on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

Validation of the Effect of Some Nutritional Manipulations on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

The Relationship Between Sex Hormones, Immune Response and Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

Numerous researchers hypothesized that testosterone had a "double-edged sword" effect, encouraging the development of secondary sexual features which are thought to be a healthy signal, while also suppressing immunological function. The relationship between external appearance of birds and its immune performance was little approached. The relationship between sex hormones, immune response and productive performance of males and females broiler were evaluated in this work. One day old chicks were sexed and chicks of each sex were randomly distributed into three experimental treatments, 1. TAM20 treatment chicks were supplied with estrogenic antagonist tamoxifen citrate at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight through oral administration; 2. Androgen treatment chicks were injected intramuscularly with synthetic veterinary androgen (Boldenone Undecylenate 50mg) at a dose of 1cm/ 10kg body weight and 3. The control treatment. Tamoxifen and androgen supplementation had no significant effects on final body weight, weight gain, or feed conversion ratio (at 45 days), although the androgen treatment had the significantly highest feed intake and the TAM20 treatment had the lowest. Moreover, differences between males and females for final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significant. Androgen injection increased breast percentage significantly compared to TAM20 treatment and numerically compared to control treatment. Also, Androgen supplementation increased significantly comb percentage; however TAM20 decreased it significantly compared to control. Concerning the effects of both treatments on level of sex hormones, androgen showed favorable effects on both testosterone and estrogen when compared to Tamoxifen 20 treatment. On the other hand, administration of TAM 20 improves phagocytic activity as compared to androgen administration. Phagocytic index, productive performance, and carcass traits did not substantially associated with either testosterone and or estrogen blood levels.

Effects of thymulin 5cH in granuloma evolution and B1 cell differentiation: an experimental model to understand its biological mechanisms

In previous studies, we found that thymulin (a thymic hormone), when prepared in homeopathic 5cH potency, had the property to improve the productive performance of broiler chickens infected with reovirus, as well as modulate the development of Ehrlich tumor and granuloma inflammatory lesions in mice by immune-mediated mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to study the immunomodulatory mechanisms of thymulin 5cH in a granuloma experimental model, by subcutaneous inoculation of BCG in mice, focusing the B-1 cells and zinc involvement in this process. Three groups of male Balb/c SPF mice (group A treated with thymulin 5cH, group B treated with thymulin 5cH incubated in Chelex ® - a zinc chelant - and group C, control, treated with vehicle) were inoculated with BCG in the left footpad and subcutaneous granuloma and spleen were harvested for histomorphometry analysis, after 7, 14 and 21 days. Ziehl-Neelsen, HE and Prussia Blue staining methods were used. Flow cytometry was also used in the same times to characterize and quantify peritoneal cells. Positive cells for CD11b (activated phagocytes, B-1 cells), CD19 (B-1 and B-2 cells), CD23 (negative B-1 cells, positive B2 cells) and CD5 (B-1a cells) were analyzed in a FACS Calibur (BD) device. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal - Wallis / Dunn for nonparametric evaluations and ANOVA / Tuckey-Krammer for the parametric ones. The X² method was used to evaluate the cell count in flow cytometry. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Mice treated with thymulin 5cH presented higher macrophage activity and increase in the follicular area were seen in spleen after 7 days. Increase in gross lesion diameter and decrease in local BCG infection were seen after 21 days. At this time, the flow cytometry demonstrated the increase in peritoneal phagocytes derived from B-1 cells in thymulin 5cH treated mice, independently of Chelex ® incubation. The incubation of thymulin 5cH with Chelex ® blocked its effects only upon the number of B2 cells in the peritoneum and reduces Mn levels in the medicine solution. We conclude that thymulin 5CH modulates the BCG-induced granuloma through more than one mechanism, especially by peritoneal B1 cell differentiation into phagocytes.

The effect of natural feed additive on productive performance of broiler chickens

The effect of natural feed additive on productive performance of broiler chickens

The Effect of Adding Chitosan and Oxytetracycline to Wheat-Soybean Diet on The Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Animal Production Department/College of Agriculture/Anbar University, for the period from 8/12/2019 until 23/3/2019 for (42 days). The experiment aims to compare the addition of two different levels of Chitosan and one level of antibiotic to the wheat-soybean diet and their effect on the productive performance of broiler chickens from the age of 7-42 days. The experimental treatments were T1: control (without any addition), T2: addition of 0.2 g Oxytetracycline/kg feed, T3: addition of 1 g Chitosan/kg feed and T4: addition of 2 g Chitosan/kg feed. The birds were randomly distributed to four treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment, and 12 birds for each replicate, where 144 chicks, 7 days old of Ross broiler chickens with an average weight of 168.7g were used in the experiment. The results showed that there were no significant differences in live body weight, weight increase and the relative growth rate of broiler, while significant differences occurred between treatments in the feed consumption rate during the first and fifth week and the duration from 7-21 days The T4 decreased significantly from T2 and T3, after which there was a significant decrease in the treatment of T3 from the T1 and T2 treatments in the fifth week. As for the feed conversion factor, there was no significant difference, as well as the percentage of mortality during the 7-42 days.