Productive Group Research Articles

DETEKSI DAN DIAGNOSIS TUBERKULOSIS LARING

Laryngeal tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is prevalent less than 2% in Indonesia. Indonesia continues to be the second-highest tuberculosis-endemic country in the world, with more than 700,000 cases in 2022 and more than 600,000 cases in 2023. Of these cases, only 8% are extrapulmonary. In head and neck tuberculosis, laryngeal tuberculosis is the second most common manifestation after cervical lymphadenopathy tuberculosis. However, these numbers are expected to be underreported and underestimated in Indonesia. Misdiagnosis often occurs in highly contagious laryngeal tuberculosis due to lacking pathognomonic signs and symptoms. Furthermore, the high frequency of tuberculosis in productive age groups, particularly those aged 15 to 54 years, results in enormous catastrophic expenses for affected individuals, as well as a financial burden on the government. Considering the fore mentioned, a comprehensive systematic review of such rare case is required. This review aims to facilitate and provide an update on early detection and diagnosis of laryngeal tuberculosis to appropriate and prompt management.

Karakteristik dan Analisis Risiko Kasus Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Senen Jakarta Pusat tahun 2023

Indonesiaranks second globally with the highest number of Tuberculosis (TB) cases, following India. Consequently, TB remains a high-priority health issue requiring immediate attention. This study aims to describe the TB case characteristic and analyze the TB risk in each urban villages of Senen, Central Jakarta. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was obtained from medical records and the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) at Senen Primary Health Care (PHC) during January – December2023. Demographic data, TB type, result of rapid molecular test, and comorbidities were presented in numbers and percentages. Total TB cases, incidence rate (IR), and standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) were calculated for each urban villages and the entire subdistrict. The distribution of the number of cases, IR, and SMR was displayed on a map. Overall, 300 TB cases were found among 3,421 suspected TB cases examined at the Senen PHC in 2023, with a positivity rate of 7.22% and an incidence rate of 240 per 100,000 population. The highest number of TB cases occurred in September 2023 with 52 cases (17.33%). Of the total TB cases in Senen, TB cases were commonly found in males (67.67%), the productive age group (15-59 years) accounted for73.33%,new TB cases accounted for 93.33%, 100% were pulmonary TB cases, 82.33% were bacteriologically confirmed with 93.36% of them being drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB), smokers (73.33%) and employed (72.67%). TB cases were spread across sixurban villages, with Kramat having the highest number of cases at 98 (32.67%), a TB IR of 78 per 100,000 population, and an SMR of 0.71. TB cases occurred throughout the year in the Senen Subdistrict. The characteristics of TB cases in Senen were dominated by males, productive age groups, pulmonary TB, new cases, bacteriologically confirmed cases, DS-TB, smokers, and employed individuals. The TB risk varied in each area, with the highest number of cases, IR, and SMR found in Kramat urban village A comprehensive strategy combining early detection, effective treatment, and preventive measures is essential to control the TB epidemic in the Senen Subdistrict.

Sustainability Strategy and Development of Village Breeding Center: Evaluation of Morphometric Characteristics of Female Peranakan Ongole Cattle in Napis Village

This study evaluates the morphometric characteristics of female Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle in Napis Village, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, as part of a strategy for developing sustainable village breeding centers. The selection of the research location was conducted through purposive sampling, and the material in this study consists of female Peranakan Ongole cattle with age criteria (PI) based on the SNI for Peranakan Ongole cattle, namely PI0 (aged <1 year), PI2 (1 – 1.5 years), PI4 (1.5 - 2 years), PI6 (2 – 3 years), PI8 (aged > 3.5 years). Measurements include body height, body length, hip height, chest depth, chest circumference, ossa cervical vertebrae, ossa thoracic vertebrae, ossa vertebrae lumbar, ossa scapula, hip width, head length, head width and body weight, as well as morphometric indices such as head index, height slope, body index, index of compression, conformation index, length index, body ratio, proportionality and thoracic development on 206 female cattle grouped by age (PI0-PI8). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc tests, as well as key indices to identify growth patterns and body size stability. The research results show a significant increase in body size in the young-to-adult age group, where adult cows reach size stability. The morphometric index reveals consistent proportional development in the body of cattle as they age, reflecting structural maturity. Evaluation based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) shows that most cattle are in Class II and III, indicating excellent body quality in the productive age group. This research emphasizes that morphometric characteristics are important indicators in determining optimal management strategies to support the sustainability of local PO cattle development. These findings provide a foundation for the maintenance and development programs of the PO cattle population by prioritizing quality livestock management, supporting the conservation of local genetic resources, and enhancing cattle productivity in Indonesia.

Correlational study on Obesity Indicators and Blood Pressure in Productive Age Group

Background: Hypertension causes various health problems worldwide, including in Indonesia. High blood pressure that occurs in productive age and unmanaged properly can increase various risks of disease which amya lead to health burden nationally and globally. . Currently, the lifestyle of the productive age group contributes to obesity and hypertension, amplifying the risk factors for increased Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between obesity indicators and blood pressure in the productive age group.Methods: A survey was conducted at a total of 150 respondents aged 25-64 years who had jobs, had no impaired physical mobility, and had no pregnancy. . Measurements included Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR). The data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.Results: The majority of the respondents were male, aged 30-39 and 40-49 years, normal range of BMI and waist circumference, but WHR and WHtR on high risk. More than half of the total respondents in the productive age group had blood pressure in the normal range. There was a strongest positive correlation between waist circumference with SBP and BMI with DBP.Conclusion: Individuals in the productive age group with higher waist circumference and BMI are more prone to elevated blood pressure. Regular health screening and lifestyle change intervention are crucial to prevent hypertension in the productive age group.

An Autopsy Based Epidemiological Study Of Abdominal Injuries In A South India Population

Trauma to the abdomen is caused by either blunt or penetrative force due to various reasons and is a major cause of mortality in India. Abdominal injury is an important aspect of trauma because of the difficulty in diagnosis and its lethal potential if not properly and immediately treated. The present study was aimed at finding the nature and pattern of injuries in the abdomen region among the trauma cases autopsied at a canter. They were evaluated according to age, sex, manner of causation, status of victims and causes of death. After examination of 134 trauma cases involving abdominal injuries, data was compiled and analysed. The results drawn were as follows: Most of the victims belonged to the age group of 21–40 years (n = 61 and 44%), and males outnumbered females in the ratio of 9:1. Road traffic and railway accidents (RTAs) (n=104, 77%) were the most common cause of abdominal injuries. Among RTA’s, pedestrians (29%) and 2-wheeler riders (34%) were the most affected individuals than occupants of other vehicles. Common external abdominal injuries noted were abrasions (72%) and contusions (44%). Common intra-abdominal organs injured were liver (79%), spleen (39%), intestines (14%), and kidneys (12%). Liver sustained more lacerations (69%) than contusions (11%). The most frequent associated injuries involved the head, chest, limbs, and spine. The most common associated injury was head injury (35%), and the major cause of death was hemorrhagic shock (47%). This study concluded that RTA is the main cause of abdominal trauma and males in the most productive age group (21–50 years) were the most affected. Abrasions and contusions were the most common external injuries while lacerations of the liver and spleen were the common internal types. Most of the injured persons died on the spot and hemorrhagic shock, followed by head injury were the main causes of death. These findings reiterate that efforts should be made to decrease these kinds of preventable deaths by creating awareness among the public about importance of following safety measures, on road and at workplaces.

Knowledge and Awareness about Stress Level Perceived by Software Engineers and its Correlation with Gingival Status

Objectives : The objective of this study is to Analyze Stress level perceived and its correlation with gingival status in Information Technology workers and to create an awareness and spread knowledge on the stress level perceived by software engineers and its correlation with Oral Hygiene in general.Methodology : 500 IT professionals were provided with health questionnaires and Gingival index was clinically evaluated and recorded. Statistical analysis done with SPSS Software for log and assessing the data collected.Results : Sample set contained 59.2% male and 40.8% female. The results of the study indicated a mean negative gingival status of 2.51 with a standard deviation of 2.51 compared to the perceived stress level of 1.97 with a standard deviation of 0.507. Conclusion : Age and gingival status could be an important but not the only explanatory factors for perceived stress among the Information technology workers. Perceived stress levels could be high amongst the productive age group of 26 to 45 years which also faces a lot of social expectations and societal obligations.

ENHANCING THE WHITE-WATER RAFTING EXPERIENCE IN CITARIK RIVER, SUKABUMI:

Rafting has become a popular adventure activity globally, offering an exhilarating experience for thrill-seekers. Indonesia, with its diverse geography and rich cultural heritage, offers numerous rafting opportunities. The current trends in adventure tourism in Sukabumi, Indonesia, are focused on developing river-based special interest tourism (SIT) products, particularly rafting, river tubing, and body rafting, targeting productive age groups in Sukabumi, Jabodetabek, and Bandung Raya areas. Service blueprinting and framed experience design are two distinct approaches used in service design to enhance customer experiences. By integrating these two approaches, service providers can create a more comprehensive and effective service design strategy. Service blueprinting can help identify areas for improvement in the service delivery process, while framed experience design can help create a cohesive and engaging experience by framing the context, atmosphere, and activities that make up the experience (Pandey & Kulshrestha, (2021); Li & Lu, (2021)). Therefore, this study aims to investigate how service blueprints and frame experience design can be applied to enhance the rafting experience, ultimately contributing to the growth and sustainability of the industry. This research will adopt a quantitative technique and data collected will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) quadrant matrix. The result suggests that while most aspects of the white-water rafting experience are performing well in areas of high importance, there are a few areas where improvement efforts could be focused to increase satisfaction levels, particularly in managing river current conditions, enhancing storytelling and entertainment aspects, and providing more opportunities for self-development.

Correlates of Intention to Utilize HIV Screening Services Among Adolescents In Selected Secondary Schools In Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria

Background The spread of HIV/AIDS among the productive age group particularly young adults is a major public health concern in Nigeria. HIV screening services are affordable interventions that offer chances to raise knowledge about HIV and preventive measures. They are crucial parts of HIV prevention initiatives. This study investigated the level of knowledge, and attitude as correlates of intention to Utilize HIV Screening Services Among Adolescents in Selected Secondary Schools in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods Data were collected from 120 respondents who were conveniently selected from two senior secondary school at the two Local government areas in Osogbo, Osun state with semi-structured questionnaire (83% reliability). Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Results Most of the students were in the middle adolescence (14 – 16 years) age group. The Knowledge responses were grouped on a scale and the results showed that most of the adolescents had a moderate level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and HIV Screening Services. Further results showed a fairly high and positive attitude for the participants (76.66%). There were significant correlations (at p < 0.05) between knowledge level (R = 0.348), attitude (R = 0.432), and Intention to Utilize HIV Screening Services. These factors are still quite modest, though. Additionally, knowledge level indicated that most participants were unaware of any importance of the utilization of HIV Screening services. Conclusions The report suggested launching vigorous campaigns of public health education and awareness that highlight the importance of utilizing HIV Screening services.

COMPARISON OF NAÏVE BAYES AND K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR MODELS FOR IDENTIFYING THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE OF STUNTING CASES IN EAST JAVA

Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus in 2030, where the productive age group will dominate the population and become a buffer for the economy. However, this potential is in vain if human resources experience stunting. According to WHO (2015), stunting is a disorder of child growth and development due to chronic malnutrition and repeated infections, characterized by below-standard length or height. Based on the background of the problem, the author wants to compare the prediction of the prevalence of the highest stunting cases in East Java using the Naive Bayes method and the K-Nearest Neighbor method. The stages carried out in this study are data collection, initial data processing, advanced data processing using the Naïve Bayes Method and K-Nearest Neighbor, and comparative analysis. The results of the implementation of the Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor methods are in the form of stunting prevalence prediction charts with variables that affect LBW and TTD. The results of simulations conducted in 6 regions, the Naive Bayes method gets the highest accuracy value of 83.33% in simulation one and 66.67%. The smallest RMSE value is 0.382 simulation 1 and 0.469 simulation 2. This shows that the Naive Bayes method can predict well.

Detection of Rifampicin Resistance rpoB Gene Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and treatable disease leading to the second death globally. The evolution of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), particularly rifampicin resistance (RR), has hampered TB control efforts. Thus, this study aimed to provide information regarding the magnitude of MTB and rifampicin resistance among patients tested using the GeneXpert method. A retrospective analysis was carried out at DTCSH. The study included TB registration logbook data from all patients who visited the hospital and were tested for MTB with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay from 2017 to 2024. The laboratory-based data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Multilogistic regression analysis was employed, and a pvalue ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 12,981 patient results were included, of which 8.9% (1160/12,981) were MTB-positive and 7.1% (82/1160) were RR. Individuals aged 15-29 years (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.55-2.93, p < 0.001), living in rural areas (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.08-1.41, p = 0.003), and HIV+ (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.48-2.33, p < 0.001) had a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. While RR was identified in 63.4% (52/82) of new, 24.4% (20/82) of re-treated, and 12.2% (10/82) of failed presumptive TB patients. In this study, MTB and RR trends were high. Productive age groups, rural populations, and HIV patients were at risk. To lessen the burden of this contagious and fatal disease, it is recommended to increase early diagnosis of drug-resistant TB and enhance infection control.

دراسة إسترجاعية لحالات مرض السل في مدينة اجدابيا بليبيا خلال الفترة 2010-2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most potentially fatal contagious diseases worldwide, especially in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of TB in Ajdabiya, Libya. This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2010 to December 2020 using medical records from the TBRegistry at National Center for Disease Control situated in Ajdabiya. The investigated variables included demographic characteristics, type of TB infection, and affected organs. All data were coded and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the total of 536 patients was enrolled in this study: 299 (55.8%) were males and 237 (44.2%) were females. In both sexes, 238 (44.4%) patients were affected with PTB, 214 (39.9%) patients were affected with EPTB, only 84 (15.7%) were presumptive patients. The highest incidence occurred in there productive age group 25-34 years (23.3 %) and housewives (27.6%). During the 11 years study period, the highest percentage of cases was during 2018and the lowest frequency was during 2011. The largest proportion of EPTB cases was pleural TB 45.3% followed by lymphatic TB 23.4%, then bone TB 11.2%. Conclusion: Young, middle-aged male cases were highest in percentage. The highest percentage of TB was registered in 2018. Keywords: (TB) tuberculosis, (PTB) pulmonary, (EPTB) extraplmonary, Ajdabya.

Profile of Clinical, Radiological and Laboratory Pattern in TB-HIV Coinfection in National Infection Centre of Indonesia

Background: The study aims to map TB (Tuberculosis) – HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory patterns. Objective: This study is expected to provide previous research investigating radiologic and laboratory examinations in TB-HIV patients. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on medical records of TB-HIV patients at RSPI Sulianti Saroso from January 2004 - March 2017. Samples were 240 TB-HIV patients from a population of 1014 People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Inclusion criteria were PLWHA, aged over 18 years, diagnosed with TB with completed medical record status. Result: Characteristics of the majority of patients were in the productive age group (99.2%) with an average age of 33 years and male sex (78%). The main symptom is cough (91.7%) and cough with phlegm (59.1%). Most patients (83.37%) have not received ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy). Pulmonary physical examination showed that most patients had Ronchi (95.8%) while others got wheezing (5%). Laboratory tests revealed an initial CD4 cell count of 71.6 cells/ml and a negative Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) smear (59.2%). The patient's radiology was mainly with an infiltrate (82.5%); most infiltrate was presented in apex (52.4%). Conclusion: The majority of TB-HIV coinfected patients are young males, presenting with common TB symptoms, low CD4 counts, and negative AFB smears, complicating diagnosis. Radiological findings frequently show infiltrates, particularly in the apex. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and ART initiation to improve outcomes in TB-HIV coinfected patients

Demographic and Clinical Features of Allergic Rhinitis Presenting at a Postgraduate Teaching Hospital

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that affects millions worldwide and it represents a global concern. Objective: To determine the frequency of clinical variables, and demographic pattern of the allergic rhinitis patients in the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department in a Teaching Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat of Kulsumbai Valik Site Postgraduate Teaching Hospital Karachi from 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2023. The study comprised allergic rhinitis patients. A total of 750 patients were included in this study after diagnosing allergic Rhinitis mentioned on their prescription. Data were collected properly on a predesigned questionnaire. Variables included age, gender, socioeconomic status, residence, sneezing, itching in the eye and nose, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge, bluish pale nasal mucosa (Nasal Congestion), edematous turbinate, and headache. Data were entered in SPSS software version 23.0 and analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients were 39 ± 13 years. Male were reported 447 (59.6%) and female patients were 303 (40.4%). 390 (52%) patients have resided in Industrial areas while 360 (48%) patients were in city areas. The most common symptom was nasal itching 522 (69.6%) followed by rhinorrhea 492 (65%) and nasal discharge 465(62%). Conclusions: It was concluded that allergic rhinitis patients presenting at the ENT outpatient department showed that males were commonly affected with the productive age group 59% of males suffered from Allergic Rhinitis. The most frequent and common symptom was nasal itching (69.6%) followed by rhinorrhea (65%) and nasal discharge (62%).

Mental Health Issues and Psychosocial Contexts in CICL Children Versus Non-CICL Children: A Comparative Study.

Children in conflict with law (CICL) is an emerging issue in the contemporary world. Children between the ages of 12 years and 18 years are the most productive age group, but some children may develop behaviors that are undesirable to society by violating laws. The mental health and associated psychosocial factors of such children are lacking in India. It is of utmost importance to understand the mental health aspects of CICL for their rehabilitation, reintegration, and a better society for tomorrow. This study aimed to compare the psychosocial factors such as psychological adjustment, level of substance abuse, aggression, sensation seeking, self-esteem, and perceived parenting style between CICL and non-CICL. After obtaining the Institute's Ethics Committee approval (Letter No. IEC/CIP/2020-2021/1207, dated March 22, 2022), 70 CICL were selected from Ranchi district of Jharkhand. To compare, 55 non-CICL were selected with the same gender within the age range of 12-18 years, using a cross-sectional comparative survey research design. A semistructured interview schedule was used to assess the basic demographic and legal history of the children. The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Parental Style Index were used to compare the psychosocial factors between CICL and non-CICL. The Pearson chi-square test indicated that CICL participants were significantly (P = .001) more likely to be from urban areas, have a history of school dropout and truancy, and come from broken families compared with non-CICL participants. The Mann-Whitney U test & indicated significant differences between CICL and non-CICL in the years of education (P = .001) for both children and their parents. The Mann-Whitney U test found that CICL participants showed significantly higher levels (P = .001) in emotional problems, internalizing attributes, prosocial behavior, level of alcohol/drug involvement, self-esteem, and strictness compared with non-CICL. These findings have significant implications for the field of juvenile justice, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support systems. Prevention, promotional mental health aspects, and comprehensive rehabilitation plans are crucial for the successful social integration of CICL.

Suicide among Older Adults in Gunungkidul, Indonesia

Background: Older adults are vulnerable to suicidal crises due to decreased cognitive, health and psychosocial functions. Gunungkidul is a regency in Indonesia that has a demographic structure with an increasing older population and a high prevalence of suicide. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of suicide among older adults in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, from 2012 to 2022. Methods: This was a retrospective analytical descriptive study examining forensic reports of suicide from the Gunungkidul Resort Police, Indonesia, from 2012 to 2022. A total of 388 suicide reports were included, with 186 of them pertaining to older adult suicides. Demographic data and suicide methods were collected using descriptive statistics, and Chi-square analysis was performed to examine any associations or differences in the data. Results: Suicide cases in older adults were more dominant (55.03%) in all suicide cases in Gunungkidul. Hanging was the most prevalent method of suicide (96.2%) among older adults, and there was no difference in suicide methods between males and females (p=0.35). Furthermore, the older adults consisting of males (n=120) were more dominant than females (n=66), however, there was no significant difference across the age group in the youngest-old (60–69 years), the middle-old (70–79 years), and the oldest-old (≥80 years) age group (p&gt;0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of suicide in older adults in Gunungkidul exceeds other productive age groups, mostly males, and hanging is the most predominant method. Addressing suicide among older adults in Gunungkidul requires a holistic approach by considering individual and societal factors, which necessitates immediate attention to their health, psychological, and socio-economic needs through targeted interventions.

Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada buruh di Balai Besar Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Makassar

Background: Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint and the leading cause of disability worldwide, with a prevalence ranging from 20% to 33% among all patients with musculoskeletal pain. Low back pain is not only experienced by the elderly but can also occur across all age categories, including the productive adult age group. Factors that may contribute to low back pain include age, length of service, workload, and duration of work. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between age, length of service, workload, and work duration with complaints of low back pain. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The population consists of all laborers at the Makassar Health Quarantine Center. The sample comprises 133 respondents from the population of laborers working at the Makassar Health Quarantine Center. The sampling technique used is random sampling with the Slovin formula. The measuring instrument used is the Numeric Rating Scale questionnaire. The statistical test employed is the Chi-Square Test, with Fisher's Exact Test as an alternative. Findings: The results of the study show a significant relationship between age (p-value ρ=0.000&lt;0.05), length of service (ρ=0.000&lt;0.05), workload (ρ=0.009&lt;0.05), and work duration (ρ=0.000&lt;0.05) with complaints of low back pain among laborers. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a relationship between age, length of service, workload, and work duration with complaints of low back pain among laborers at the Makassar Health Quarantine Center. It is recommended that the Makassar Health Quarantine Center conduct regular medical check-ups for laborers, provide adequate work hours, and monitor and reduce the burden lifted by laborers.

Relationship of Sedentary Lifestyle With Hypertension Incidence in Productive Ages (20-59 Years) Among Educators and Educational Staff in Jember, Indonesia

Hypertension remained a major global health issue that had not been fully addressed, causing 10.8 million deaths and serving as the leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. A sedentary lifestyle was a significant contributor to hypertension among the productive age group. It had been shown that a sedentary lifestyle decreased Nitric Oxide (NO) levels, cardiac output, and systemic blood flow, which altered blood vessel diameter, reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired vascular function. These factors negatively impacted cardiovascular health, including the development of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among university educators was higher compared to other educational institutions, primarily due to lower physical activity levels and greater career pressures. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension in productive ages among educators and educational staff in Jember. This research was a quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The population of the study consisted of 2,531 educators and educational staff in Jember. A sample of 106 respondents was selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted through interviews and the use of a Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Both bivariate and multivariate analyses employed binary logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis showed significant associations between hypertension and characteristics such as age, family history of hypertension, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sedentary lifestyle (p-value &lt; 0.05). However, gender was not significantly associated with hypertension (p-value &gt; 0.05). The multivariate analysis confirmed that a sedentary lifestyle was the most dominant determinant of hypertension.

Factors influencing compliance with multiple injection immunization among mothers of toddlers at The Public Health Center Porong Integrated Health Service Post, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia: A Descriptive Study

Introduction: Immunization significantly reduces infant and child morbidity and mortality rates globally. However, basic immunization coverage in 65 countries must catch up to the 90% global target. Multiple injection immunization involves administering multiple immunizations in one visit, enhancing early protection during vulnerable periods. This approach reduces the need for multiple health visits, which is particularly beneficial for children facing access barriers. It also improves healthcare efficiency, minimizes missed opportunities, and lessens the burden on parents needing frequent facility visits. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the factors influencing compliance with multiple injection immunization among mothers of toddlers at the Public Health Center Porong Integrated Health Service Post, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia Method: Conducted in March 2024 at Public Health Centre Porong, Indonesia, this study employed a consecutive sampling method. It involved 100 mothers with infants aged 13 to 24 months who had received immunizations at the Post. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed to determine compliance rates and associated factors. Result: Among the participants, 91% of mothers were aged between 20 to 35 years, indicating a productive age group. The compliance rate for multiple injection immunization was 61%. Additionally, 74% of mothers had completed high school, suggesting a positive association between higher education and enhanced health decision-making capabilities. A significant proportion of mothers (75%) were not employed, highlighting the influence of occupation on health-related knowledge and practices. Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity for targeted health education initiatives tailored to the diverse demographic and occupational characteristics of mothers. Such interventions should improve maternal knowledge and promote adherence to essential childhood immunizations, leveraging the cognitive advantages associated with higher education and non-working status. This approach aims to foster informed decision-making and proactive health behaviours among mothers in community health settings.

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in a mass gathering hosting governorate in Iraq, 2018 – 2022

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) was the first cause of death among communicable diseases before the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, in 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of TB patients with negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fatalities was 1.3 million, 80,000 were in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and 821 were in Iraq. Karbala Governorate hosted one of the largest mass gatherings in the world. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of TB and identify the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of TB in Karbala, Iraq. MethodsThe data in this cross-sectional study were retrieved from the TB patients' records. The patients were contacted by telephone to compile missing information WHO standard TB definitions were used. ResultsThe total number of confirmed TB cases during 2018–2022 was 1005, with an average annual incidence of 15.8/100,000, close to the national TB incidence (15/100,000). Around 48.6 % were aged 25–54 years, with an equal male-to-female ratio. Around 51 % were illiterate, 38.6 % were housewives, and 28.3 % were smokers. Among the four districts in the governorate, the incidence was highest in the city center district that hosted the mass gathering (18.5/100,000 population) (P = 0.000). There were 619 (61.6 %) patients with comorbidities; DM was the most common, 235 (23.4 %). Household contact was reported in 20.4 %, patients with a recent history of being in prison were 1 %, and those on chemotherapy were 10 %. No seasonal pattern in TB reporting was demonstrated. Pulmonary TB constituted 48 %, and the lymph node was the main site of extrapulmonary TB (35 %). The proportion of DR-TB was 2.8 %. ConclusionWhile the incidence of TB in Karbala governorate is similar to the national incidence, the incidence in the city center was higher. Most TB patients were in their productive age group. Studying the variation in the geographical distribution and the social consequences of the disease is warranted.

Factors related with lung functions among Orang Asli in Tasik Chini, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOrang Asli lifestyle and household setting may influence their health status especially respiratory system and lung functions. This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the status of lung functions of Orang Asli community and the associated factors.MethodsData collection was carried out from November 2017 until May 2018 among 211 Orang Asli respondents aged 18 years old and above, who lived in five villages in Tasik Chini, Pahang. All respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Interview-guided questionnaire was administered, and spirometry test that include Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. In the first stage, descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of the respondents. In the second stage, bivariable analysis was carried out to compare proportions. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of various independent predictors on spirometry parameters.ResultsThe respondents’ age ranged from 18 to 71 years old in which 50.2% of them were female. The majority ethnicity in Tasik Chini was Jakun tribe (94.3%). More than half of the respondents (52.1%) were current smoker, 5.2% were ex-smoker and 41.7% were non-smoker. More than half of them (62.1%) used woodstove for cooking, compared to only 37.9% used cleaner fuel like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel for everyday cooking activity. The lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) were lower than the predictive value, whereas the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (%) and PEFR were within the predictive value. The FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group (18–39 years old) (p = 0.002) and presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004). FVC levels were significantly associated with presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004), whereas there were no significant associations between all factors and FEV1/FVC levels.ConclusionsFEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group 18–39 years old, whereas FVC levels were significantly associated with the presence of woodstove in the house. Thus, environmental interventions such as replacing the use of woodstove with LPG, need to be carried out to prevent further worsening of respiratory health among Orang Asli who lived far from health facilities. Moreover, closer health monitoring is crucial especially among the younger and productive age group.