Production Technology Of Materials Research Articles

Strength and Cyclic Properties of Additive vs. Conventionally Produced Material AlSi10Mg

Additive metals are practically identical in strength to the properties of conventionally produced materials. This article experimentally analyses strength properties and fatigue properties in the tensile-pressure mode for two different directions of 3D printing of AlSi10Mg material. The resulting fatigue parameters of the Basquin curve are confronted with a conventionally produced alloy of the same composition. The microstructure analysis explains the different fatigue properties obtained by these two material production technologies. Phenomena such as strength enhancement in additive manufacturing material, anisotropy of cyclic properties, and cyclic hardening are discussed. The limits of current additive manufacturing are clarified, and the future direction of research in this field is outlined.

PETG/carbon fiber composites with different structures produced by 3D printing

This research presents a novel methodology for simulating the failure of a 3D-printed engineering design structure. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)/Carbon fiber (CF) material was utilized to develop and build the structure's topology. The mechanical characteristics of PETG/CF materials were evaluated through modeling, which was quantitatively linked to the experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the fracture surface material before and after failure testing. The actual tests and numerical studies used five different fabrication structures which were correlated with deformation, force, and failure mode. ANSYS software was used with experimental results and finite element analysis (FEA) under both dynamic and quasi-static conditions. Five 3D printed materials of PETG reinforced with short CFs of approximately 7.6 μm in a weight fraction of 20% were investigated. The overall goal was to create a cost-effective and straightforward material production technology that can retain high mechanical strength while also providing suitable flexibility. The tensile test results of the 3D-printed PETG/CF solid structural design revealed a 23% improvement in yield strength over the other conventional structures. The study illustrates how FEA of 3D printing is used to evaluate the performance of a helmet chinstrap design with different production conditions, hence possibly reducing the product design and development time.

Research of geometrical characteristics of composite material structure obtained by mixing method

The purpose of this report is to present the method of photometric analysis of material structure - to study and evaluate the spatial homogeneity of the material by phase size and their distribution in the material image (volume), to evaluate the effectiveness of the applied material production technology

Трансформации XXI века – человек, общество, ценности, ноономика: материальное VS идеальное, «физики» VS «лирики»

The article raises a conceptual problem that has both philosophical and socio-economic content: the nature of the interaction of material and spiritual principles in the context of the increasing role of knowledge and cultural values as factors of modern socio-economic development. The author shows that the process of searching for new knowledge has rapidly begun to play a predominant role in relation to the material foundations of production, since now it determines the very nature of these material foundations. But such a revolution in the relations of the material and the ideal in the production process itself rests on the transition to knowledge-intensive material production technologies and to the creation of a knowledge-intensive product. This change also leads to qualitative changes in property relations and in the nature of a human. Property relations are gradually eroding, which in the future may lead to their exhaustion, and a person, in order to ensure the development of society in the conditions of the modern technological revolution, must break through the narrow shell of an economic person, and become a truly reasonable person, a noohuman, who relies on the cultural imperatives of human development.

USE OF CARBON FIBER IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES – STATE OF THE ART

The development of material production technology has led to the application of new materials in construction. Because concrete is currently the most commonly used construction material, which in addition to numerous advantages (water resistance, low maintenance costs, easy workability, low cost, etc.) also has certain disadvan- tages (low tensile strength and brittle fracture behavior). Reinforcement of concrete using discrete fibers, ran- domly distributed, is an acceptable solution for improving the ductility of concrete. Carbon fiber reinforcement (CFRP) has been widely studied in the last two decades, as it represents a suitable alternative for the reinforce- ment of existing (endangered) RC structures. The advantages of this material are reflected in the relatively simple application, increased performance of the RC structure, low weight of the elements, etc. The paper also analyzes the existing cases of application of this material, as well as the presentation of previous research in the field of structural reinforcement using carbon fibers. Key words: Carbon fiber, Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), reinforcement concrete structures, reinfor- cement of existing structures, structural behavior of construCTIONS

Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux

Background: The improvement of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is practical for different processes such as drug delivery, manufacturing of crystals, polymer processing, food and drink, cancer treatment, oil and gas, paper making and for many more. The bioconvection phenomenon has engrossed the attention of numerous researchers for its many applications in biotechnology, mechanical and electrical engineering. Bioconvection nanofluids are more prominent in the fields of biomedicine, pharmacy, nanodrug delivery, biomedical, automotive cooling and the military. Purpose: The major purpose of the current work was to determine the numerical and statistical analysis of a novel thermal radiation and exponential space-based heat source on the bioconvective flow of a pseudoplastic 3D nanofluid past a bidirectional stretched Riga surface. The behavior of the Arrhenius activation energy (AAE) and thermal radiation are also disclosed. Methodology: Suitable similarity transformations were used to transmute the partial differential equations of the flow-modeled phenomena into the structure of ordinary differential ones. The numerical solutions for the renewed set of ODEs were tackled by the bvp4c shooting algorithm built-in MATLAB software. Furthermore, the statistical analysis was computed by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Research implications: The numerical analysis is valid for the incompressible three-dimensional, magnetized flow of a pseudoplastic bioconvection nanofluid through a bidirectional surface with Riga plate aspects in the occurrence of activation energy. Social implications: The flow across three dimensions has quite important implementations in various fields, for example, polymer production, material production technology, the manufacturing of nano-biopolymer computer graphics, industry, powered engineering, aeroplane configurations, etc. The current analysis is more applicable in nanotechnology. Results: The consequences of flow control parameters over flow profiles were studied and explained under the graphic structures. Numerical outcomes were computed and discussed in detail. From the results, it was noted that the velocity field was increased via a larger mixed convection parameter. The temperature distribution was boosted via the thermal Biot number. The concentration of nanoparticles declined via the greater Lewis number. Furthermore, the motile microorganisms field was reduced via the Peclet number. Originality: Until now, no investigation has been recognized to examine the consequences of the bioconvection flow of three-dimensional pseudoplastic nanofluids past a Riga plate containing motile microorganisms utilizing the shooting method called bvp4c. Conclusions: From the results, it was concluded that nanofluids are more helpful for heat transfer increments. Furthermore, from the experimental design observed, the response declined via the thermophoresis parameter, which was significant from the ANOVA observed model.

Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Construction by Considering the Regional Differences in Carbon Emission Factors of Cement: The Case of China

Rapid road construction and expansion in China resulted in massive GHG emissions. The carbon emission factors of raw materials, particularly cement, have a significant influence on the calculation of GHG emissions from road construction. This study estimates GHG emissions from road construction by taking into account regional differences in cement carbon emission factors. The results indicate that (1) total GHG emissions from road construction have a “U” shape from 2009 to 2019, with the highest level being 437 million t CO2e 2009 and the lowest level being 184 million t CO2e in 2017; (2) Class-Ⅳ roads account for roughly 80% of total GHG emissions from road construction; and (3) GHG emissions from road construction are shifting from east to west regions. This is the first paper to calculate GHG emissions from road construction by taking into account both road type and cement carbon emission factors. The findings of this study could provide references for transportation agencies to better understand the impacts of road construction to climate change and improve policymaking, especially for the development of road construction technologies and raw material production technologies.

Micro Nanoengraving Technology and Aesthetic Practice of Architectural Sculpture Art

Micro nanotechnology refers to the emerging technology of material production using a single atomic or molecular structure. The structure and size of materials range from one to 100 microns or nanometers. In this paper, micro nanotechnology is used to study the aesthetic practice of sculpture technology and architectural sculpture art. This paper aims to combine traditional art ideas with science and technology to promote common development. This paper first introduces the micro nanoengraving technology and architectural sculpture art, it includes the definition of works, classification of works, and research on artistic commonalities and differences, and then summarizes the characteristics of micro nanoengraving materials. Finally, this paper will carry out aesthetic practice of sculpture works based on micro nanocreation. Finally, this paper compares with the works created by traditional technology. The results show that the recognition and creativity evaluation of sculpture works based on micro nanocreation have reached more than 8 points. It verifies the effectiveness of the technology.

Optimization of Dispersion-Strengthened Material Based on Copper Powder for Valve Guides of Internal Combustion Engines

The given study is dedicated to optimization of dispersion-strengthened material based on copper powder of the Cu-Al-C-O system used for valve guides of internal combustion engines. The developed material containing 3 % wt aluminum, 0.6 % wt carbon and not more than 0.02 % wt oxygen has the recrystallization temperature of 1000оС and exhibits higher tribotechnical properties comparing to the prototype. In particular, the wear out intensity of the developed material is 2.5 times lower. The material production technology is based on the method of reactionary mechanical alloying in the attritor and powder and granular metallurgy technologies.

Africa's 4th Industrial Revolution Post Covid-19: A Tale of Shenzhen's Enviable Successes.

Africa is likely to miss the prospects of the 4th industrial revolution if governments and policymakers do not take the abundance of caution. In the last two centuries, three discoveries changed the world¬— the steam engine, industrial revolution, and internet. Africa had no stake in any of those discoveries. As developed countries industrialized in the 18th and 19th centuries, the African continent was still reliant on primordial food and material production technologies. Unfortunately, a similar trend is repeating itself, exacerbated by the effects of COVID-19. While advanced nations are transitioning(ed) to digital investments in areas such as artificial intelligence, robotics, mechanized agriculture, 3D printing, and the internet of things, Africa appears to saunter. Not so many African countries are aligning themselves to exploit the opportunities that will come with the economic and social disruptions of the 4th industrial revolution. Challenges such as internet penetration, skill mismatch, poverty, poor governance, inequality, lack of modernization of agriculture, and improper structuring of economies will delay the revolution or truncate it elsewhere in the world. Besides, the COVID-19 pandemic presents new challenges undergirded by disruptions in global supply chains, slow economic projections, and inequalities in mass vaccination in the continent. However, Africa and its leadership can take deliberate, methodical, and timely interventions to seize the moment and lift its population from poverty and dependency. In this study, the author proposes a hybridized model embodying reverse engineering, infrastructural investment, special economic zones, and digital investment as the panacea for expediting Africa's prospects in seizing the possibilities of the 4th industrial revolution pegged on the successes of Shenzhen.

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND PRODUCTION INFORMATION SUPPORT

Information support for modern computer-aided design of products and processes is considered in this review in accordance with the methodology of the integrated CAD/CAM/CAE system. Three levels of the management hierarchy at the design and produc-tion stages are considered.At the top (organizational) level, computer-aided design of the product structure and its manufacturing technology is performed. At the middle (coordinating) level, a binding to existing technological equipment and debugging of indi-vidual fragments of the control program are performed. At the lower (executive) level, the control program is finally created, de-bugged and executed. A distinctive feature of the proposed automation methodology at the design and production stages is the use of feedback from the lower level to the middle and upper levels to correct the decisions made there, taking into account the existing management powers at these levels of the hierarchy. Thus, the indicated levels of the hierarchy of the intelligent system correspond to the hierarchy of objects and subjects of management and control, taking into account the powers (and capabilities) of management and control at each level.Information is a basic category not only in information (virtual) technologyfor its transformation and transmission, but also in physical technologyof material production in the manufacture of a corresponding material product. Such technologyas a rule, contain preparatory (pre-production) and executive (implementation) stages. At the preparatory stage, a virtual product is created (an information model of a real product in the form of virtual reality), and at the executive stage, a real (physical) product appears that has a use value (possession utility). This research describes the features of information processing at both stages of production in order to increase its efficiency.

VIRTUAL REALITY AND REAL MEASUREMENTSIN PHYSICAL TECHNOLOGY

Information is transmitted by signals that have a material-and-energy nature, but it is not matter and not energy. The in-formation ensures communication of interacting objects of alive and inanimate nature. Information and communications technology underlie the new production paradigm called the “Industry 4.0”. In accordance with this paradigm, increased attention is paid to the pre-production phase on which relevant comprehensive solutions for the automation of design and production are taken, ranging from receiving an order for the product and ending with its shipment to the consumer. At the same time, issues of production management and efficient control of technological processes are solved, including scheduling and material requirement planning. At the pre-production phase, a virtual product is created (the information model of the real product in the form of a “virtual reality”), and at the execution phase a real (physical) product appears, which has a use value (possession utility). The implementation phase begins only after systemic computer modeling, simulation, and optimization of the technological process and operations, that is, after assessing both the time and the cost of virtual technological processes. In this regard, this research discusses topical issues of interaction be-tween virtual information at the pre-production(preparatory) phase and new information arising at the implementation phase of phys-ical technology in terms of improving the efficiency of computer-integrated production. It is shown that the information is a basic category not only in information (virtual) technology for its transformation and transmission, but also in physical technology of mate-rial production at the stage of manufacturing the appropriate material product, on the one hand, and (by analogy) in the process of distance learning of specialists, on the other hand (although information is not knowledgeable yet). Particular attention is paid to measuring procedure and assessing its accuracy; this work is not formal and requires the use of an intellectual system to ensure the accuracy of the information received.

Confining Sb2Se3 nanorod yolk in a mesoporous carbon shell with an in-built buffer space for stable Li-ion batteries

The yolk–shell structure, realized by various synthesis methods, exhibits unique morphology and structural properties, which is currently undergoing a transition from material production technology to energy storage applications.

The Material Indices Method in the Sustainable Engineering Design Process: A Review

The material indices method has its application in both the design of construction materials and products. The method has evolved since the 1960s and has been described in German, Russian, Polish, and English scientific literature. In the 1990s, the method was adapted to Design for the Environment with the inclusion of specific energy consumption indicators for various construction materials. The article cites six principles of Design for the Environment and presents specific energy consumption indicators according to various authors. This data was then used in two sample applications of the material indices method to determine the specific energy consumption of product manufacture: of a support structure of the standing frame and a compression spring design. In the conclusions, the significant limitations of the material indices method are emphasized, which are not extensively discussed in the literature on the subject, such as its high sensitivity to the accuracy of the adopted energy consumption indicators for materials in view of the actual production process; not taking into consideration all the negative aspects of the materials’ impact on the environment, or the difficulties associated with predicting the impact of material production technology on the material indices. On the other hand, their simple functional form makes them ideal for incorporation into modern CAD software and in product optimization at the initial stage of concept design.

Incremental Field Accumulation in a Bitter-Like HTS Magnet From Pulsed Magnetization Using Outer and Inner Excitation Coils

With the progress of a high-temperature superconducting material production technology, the full superconducting magnets with a high magnetic field above 25 T have been realized for recent years. However, they cannot operate with persistent mode (PCM) since there is difficulty in jointing without resistance or low enough jointing resistance in HTS tapes. The bitter-like HTS magnet is a full superconducting magnet composed of ReBCO annular plates, and the power supply technology is an effective method for achieving PCM. In this paper, we choose inner and outer excitations to energize a bitter-like HTS magnet in 77 K. It was found that the HTS magnet reaches saturation faster by using the inner excitation than the outer excitation for the same bitter-like HTS magnet. The magnetic field was measured with a Hall probe at 77 K. The results illustrated that the inner excitation is much faster than the outer excitation, but the saturation field in former is lower than the latter one.

Features of Gas-Thermal Coating Structure Formed by HVAF Method from Powder Material Based on Fe–Cr14–Ni6–Si3

Expansion of gas-thermal spraying technology applications in various industries such as oil and gas, chemical, mechanical engineering, aviation, rocket building, agro-industrial, etc., can be achieved by obtaining a given set of operating properties with control of coating structure and phase composition. Direct control of the coating structural and phase composition is only possible after a complete establishment of a relationship between the factors determining the structural inheritance of the initial powder material and factors that influence a change during the coating deposition. Parameters and regimes of gas-thermal deposition technology should be substantiated not only empirically, but also scientifically. These processes have not been sufficiently studied in a materials science respect. In addition, information provided by raw material producers (fractional composition, chemical composition, powder material production technology, and less often flow parameters and bulk density) is not provided in its entirety. This work demonstrates the relationship between powder material production technology and features of coating structure formation by the High Velocity Air-Fuel (HVAF) deposition process of Fe-Cr14-Ni6-Si3 (iron-based) powder material used extensively in the oil and gas industry.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) genetic resources for abiotic stress tolerance: A review

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) once grown widely in forests and adjoining areas was subsequently domesticated as a plantation crops. Global oil palm area has quintupled from 1990 and it is grown in an area of 17 million ha with a palm oil production of 59.42 million tonnes. Oil yield is dependent not only on genotypes but also on environmental factors. The growth of common oil palm varieties is suppressed at temperatures below 15°C. Oil palm is a drought tolerant crop as it is surviving in locations with a dry season of several months. Nevertheless water deficit stress reduces the palm fresh fruit bunch yield to less than 5 tonnes/ ha along with significant reduction (up to 26.30%) in vegetative growth. Excess soil moisture and continuous water logging are detrimental to oil palm fresh fruit bunch production. The important parameters, viz. the root biomass, potential root extraction ratio (PRER), rate of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis can be used for screening oil palm genotypes for drought tolerance. The progenies of Bamenda × Ekona and Tanzania × Ekona hybrids had drought tolerance and produced 40-42 tonnes of fresh fruit bunch during initial three years. The progenies of crosses between Deli × Yangambi (NIFOR, Nigeria), Bamenda × Ekona (ASD Costa Rica), Tanzania × Ekona and IRHO7010 were reported to adapt to prolonged drought conditions in Nigeria, Costa Rica and Colombia, respectively. Cameroon and Tanzanian genetic sources had cold tolerance and hybrids of Dami Deli × Cameroon /Tanzania crosses and Amazon (variety) are available with Agricultural Services Development, Costa Rica. Elaeis oleifera has inherent characteristics to tolerate drought and water stagnation, pest and disease resistance and exhibits slow vertical growth. ASD Costa Rica had developed compact palm utilising the genetic resources of E.oleifera. Varieties with short leaves and slow vertical growth are most preferred traits in oil palm industry to increase the productivity per unit area as they can be planted at high density. Information on early maturing varieties, dwarfness, rapid and quality planting material production technologies in relation to abiotic stress tolerance for oil palm are scanty.

The Development of Peat and Wood-Based Thermal Insulation Material Production Technology

The Development of Peat and Wood-Based Thermal Insulation Material Production Technology

New agrotechnology for quality planting material production of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit.)

An experiment was conducted at CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Pantnagar, Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India to develop low cost and novel agro-technology for quality planting material production of rose-scented geranium through sustainable utilization of available natural resources during summer season 2014–15. For this purpose, six methods of quality planting material production of nursery were evaluated as effective utilization of natural resources for sustainable development and their responses were ascertained with respect to survival and vitality of rose-scented geranium nursery. The results revealed that among the cost effective quality planting material production technology treatment T4 (raising of cutting in root trainer beneath Putranjiva roxburghii) and T3 (raising of cutting in root trainer beneath green net house) recorded significantly highest survival per cent (60%) and vitality of rose-scented geranium nursery as compared to other treatments and least were recorded in control (raising of cutting in open field).

Significance of Technological Parameters for Selected Mechanical Properties of Composite Material Based on Scrap Tires

The present work is to be considered as additional research to the authors' previous studies. It is dedicated to the specification of the significance and impact of certain selected technological parameters on mechanical properties of the composite material based on scrap tires. The special method what is known as the “Greece-Latin square” was applied to estimate significance of each technological parameter (input parameter) for selected properties (output parameters) of the material. Moulding pressure (P), formation time (x), polymer binder content (Cpol.) and the size of rubber particles (R) were selected as the input parameters. Compressive modulus of elasticity (Ec), compressive stress at 10% deformation (σ10%), permanent deformation after 10% deformation in compressive mode (ε) and apparent density (AD) were chosen as the output parameters. An analysis of the obtained dispersion diagrams confirms that composition of the composite material (polymer content) has a greater impact on selected mechanical properties of the material than any other technological input parameter, but apparent density of the composite material demonstrates higher sensitivity to the formation time and moulding pressure of the material than to other input parameters. The obtained results of the experiment enable further optimization of the composite material production technology and at the same time securing the predictable mechanical properties of the material.