Process Parameters For Production Research Articles

Optimizing of the Parameters of Coconut Sugar Production Using Taguchi Design in Riau, Indonesia

The quality of coconut sugar produced from Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province, is still fluctuating and has not compliant with SNI-01-3743 of 1995, which incorrect parameters in its production may cause incorrect parameters in its production. Optimizing of production parameters is needed to maintain the quality of coconut sugar. Coconut sugar quality indicators can be determined from the physical-chemical and organoleptic characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the parameters of coconut sugar production, aiming to obtain optimal production parameters to produce a standard production process and coconut sugar following consumer needs and SNI. The experimental design uses the Taguchi method, which consists of 4- factor variables: (1) the type of sap preservative, (2) defoaming agent, (3) the time of tapping, and (4) the cooking temperature of the sap. The multi-response loss function approach was used to select the best production process parameters based on the typical characteristics of qualities. The results showed that the optimal production parameters were obtained in a combination of mangosteen peel and lime as sap preservative, coconut milk as a defoaming agent, long-time tapping time of 8 hours (heating) +16 hours, and cooking temperature of 135oC with a yield of 15.58%, part of water-insoluble in 0.07%, (ΔE) color 62.30, hardness 99.92 N, moisture content 6.87%, ash content 1.96%, sucrose content 77.77%, reducing sugar content 8.09% with organoleptic test values close to 4 ( like) and equal SNI.

Genomic analysis, simultaneous production, and process optimization of extracellular polymeric substances and polyhydroxyalkanoates by Methylobacterium sp. ISTM1 by utilizing molasses

In the current study, the isolated Methylobacterium sp. ISTM1 simultaneously produced both extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in a single-step process. The yield of biopolymers (EPS and PHA) was enhanced by optimizing the process parameters of EPS and PHA production. Methylobacterium sp. ISTM1 was able to produce 7.18 ± 0.04 g L-1 EPS and 1.41 ± 0.04 g L-1 PHA simultaneously at optimized culture conditions i.e., 9% molasses and pH 7. The genomic analysis of the strain has identified the involved genes and pathways in the production of EPS and PHA. Both the biopolymers were found non-toxic according to the cytotoxicity analysis. The results of the current study present the potential of the bacterium Methylobacterium sp. ISTM1 produces non-toxic biopolymers by utilizing agro-industrial waste (molasses) that can be harnessed sustainably for various applications.

Формування системи моніторингу функціонування організаційно-технологічної системи на прикладі гнучкого виробництва

The maximum positive result in the tasks of increasing the mobility of modern industrial production may be possible by using such areas of improvement of factors of production as simplification of labor and expanding the adaptive qualities of the process. In such conditions the principle of universalization in the development of production on the basis of automated control systems is activated and at the same time high levels of automation and integration are guaranteed. The paper proposes an approach to building an algorithm for creating a system for monitoring the parameters of the flexible production process, which leads to maximizing the actual productivity of each object that passes through such a universal organizational and technological system. The process of monitoring a flexible production system exists under the conditions of a set of observations, assessments and forecasts, which can be successful in controllability, continuity, adaptability, targeting, alternative, parallelism and accuracy of its implementation. To achieve this set of actions, there are information systems with means of registration, recording, collection, generalization, analysis, processing, presentation, exchange and storage of production information. In general, the elements of the decision-making process are consistently related mechanisms of transition to probabilistic estimates, which receive information from the system under study. The amount of information for decision-making must be necessary and sufficient, for which the information is universalized and decomposed. An attempt is also made to solve the problem of exclusion, and in case of impossibility - to compensate for the impact of extra-cycle losses on the indicator of actual productivity. There are two ways to do this in a multi-connected organizational and technological system: disabling the influence of subjective factors and using the functional potential of the system.

Antioxidant activity of Patanwadi breed sheep milk over cow milk— A preliminary study

Milk is an excellent source of dietary antioxidants, however, the antioxidants activity of different species of milk varies significantly. Sheep milk’s compositional and functional properties are one of the untapped areas for Indian researchers. This present study evaluated and compared the antioxidant potential of Patanwadi breed sheep milk over cow milk. The protein, fat, and lactose content of Patanwadi breed sheep milk was significantly higher than cow’s milk. Different anti-oxidant assays confirmed that the antioxidant activity of sheep milk was superior to cow milk. The present study supports that Patanwadi breed sheep could be a potential source of dietary antioxidants. Therefore, more scientific studies are required to develop sheep milk functional dairy products, and thereof optimized process parameters for sheep milk dairy products in Indian conditions.

Enhanced production of alkane hydroxylase from Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 (MTCC13144) through feed-forward neural network and genetic algorithm

Alkane hydroxylase (AlkB), a membrane-bound enzyme has high industrial demand; however, its economical production remains challenging due to its intrinsic nature and co-factor dependency. In the current study, various critical process parameters for optimum production of AlkB have been optimized through feed forward neural network (FFNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) models using Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 (MTCC13144). AlkB specific activity under preliminary un-optimized conditions i.e., 1% hexadecane, 7.4 pH, 11 days incubation time, 28 °C incubation temperature and 1 ml of inoculum size was 100 U/mg. ‘One variable at a time’ (OVAT) strategy was used to identify optimum physicochemical parameters and then its output data was fed to develop a model of FFNN with ‘6-12-1’ topology. Outputs of FFNN were further optimized through GA to minimize errors and intensify search level. This has provided superior predictive performances with 0.053 U/mg overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), 6.801 U/mg root mean square errors (RMSE), and 0.987 overall correlation coefficient (R). The AlkB specific activity improved by 3.5-fold, i.e., from 100 U/mg under preliminary un-optimized conditions to 351.32 U/mg under optimum physicochemical conditions obtained through FFNN-GA hybrid method, i.e., hexadecane (carbon source): 1.56% v/v, FeSO4: 0.63 mM, incubation temperature: 27.40 °C, pH: 7.38, incubation time: 12.35 days and inoculums size: 1.33 ml. The developed process would be a stepping stone to fulfill the high industrial demands of Alkane hydroxylase.

Capacity Analysis of Cable Insulation Crosslinking Production Process Based on IoT Big Data

In the cable insulation crosslinking production process, the process quality is determined by multiple processes and multiple related process variables, and there are complex autocorrelation and cross-correlation among these process variables. In this paper, different process variables are studied. By implementing statistical process control on a univariate, single value control chart (I) and moving range control chart () are drawn, and process capability CP is analyzed to find variables with weak process capability for improvement. At the same time, based on the background of the continuous development of the Internet of Things and big data technology, this paper evaluates the complex autocorrelation and cross-correlation between the overall process variables, adopts the multivariate statistical process control technology, and combines the multivariate HOTELLING T2 control chart and MEWMA control chart to reflect the statistical characteristics of multiple variables, thus avoiding misjudgment or omission of process quality monitoring model. By studying the setting of cable production process parameters and quality standards, combined with the application of complete multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) around the evaluation results, process, and technical requirements, this research can provide effective guidance for the cable insulation crosslinking production process

The study of the intensification of technological parameters of the sausage production process

One of the sources of sodium are meat products. Increased consumption of meat products and sodium intake leads to serious health problems. The task of reducing the dosage of sodium chloride in minced meat needs to be addressed. The partial replacement of table salt with sea salt will reduce the sodium concentration in products to 20%. It is established that this modification increases the moisture-binding properties of minced meat and lowers the dosage of salt in the mass of raw meat, which will reduce the level of harm to the body due to excessive consumption of sausages. It is proposed to introduce a bacterial preparation based on the strain Staphylococcus carnosus, which will reduce the amount of sodium nitrite in the finished products. Technology has been developed to regulate the composition of microelements in meat products by enriching them with a kelp extract. It was found that changes in the composition of minced meat can adversely affect the taste and physicochemical properties of the product, which is confirmed by expert studies. As a result of laboratory studies, it was found that a partial change of salt in the sea helps to improve the stability and physicochemical quality of minced meat (active acidity, water activity, moisture retention, and shear stress). According to the research results, the recipe of sausages recommended for implementation at the enterprises of the meat processing industry of Ukraine has been developed.

End-to-end industrial IoT platform for Quality 4.0 applications

Predictive maintenance, quality management, and zero-defect manufacturing are among the most prominent smart manufacturing use cases in the Industry4.0 era. Nevertheless, the development of such systems is still challenging because of the need to integrate multiple fragmented data sources, to apply advanced machine learning techniques for multi-objective optimizations, and to implement configurable digital twins that can flexibly adapt to changing industrial configurations. This paper presents the architecture, design, practical implementation, and evaluation of an end-to-end platform that addresses these challenges. The platform provides the means for collecting, managing, and routing data streams from heterogeneous cyber physical production systems, in configurable and interoperable ways. Moreover, it supports advanced data analytics by means of a novel machine learning framework that leverages quantitative rule mining. The presented platform has been successfully deployed in various industrial settings and has been positively evaluated in terms of its ability to accelerate application development, reduce unscheduled downtimes, provide increased Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE), compute production process parameter configurations that lower the percentage of product defects, and predict product defects before they occur.

Comparative study of medicinal products registration in USA and Europe

A pharmaceutical drug regulatory Affairs is mainly involved in registration process parameters of different pharmaceutical products and new drug application. Regulatory affairs professionals play vital roles in a pharmaceutical field as; it is related to healthcare products. The present article mainly focuses to provide similarities and differences in the registration of medicinal products in USA and European countries.This also provide details to protect public health in terms of safety, quality, and efficacy of products like medical devices, pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, pesticides, cosmetics & complementary medicines, agrochemicals, etc.

Investigation of the machining performance of ferritic ductile cast iron in WEDM using response surface methodology

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technology is a special electrothermal processing method that can precisely production of parts with variable stiffness with sharp edges or production of complex geometric parts which are difficult to produce by traditional manufacturing methods. It has an important place in production sector in terms of low energy consumption. In this study, the relationship between processing parameters on surface quality on the ferritic ductile cast iron (GGG-40) material in WEDM process with molybdenum wire was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The aim of this study is to determine the optimum process parameters for low-cost production of GGG-40 material with sharp-edged and complex geometry parts using the WEDM method. In experimental works, surface roughness, and process time were investigated using table feedrate, pulse on time, and pulse space as cutting parameters. The surfaces obtained as a result of the experiments were evaluated in terms of surface quality with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and surface roughness device. According to the findings, it has been observed that the surface roughness has increased with increasing table feedrate, and pulse on time, and surface roughness decreased with pulse space increasing. Also, it is understood that pulse on time is the most important factor effecting surface quality. It has been found that the process time depends on only the table federate where they are inversely proportional. As result of RSM analysis, optimum cutting parameters were obtained in terms of lowest surface roughness, lowest process time and best time/performance condition on both parameters for ferritic ductile cast iron in WEDM process.

Algae Culture Conditions and Process Parameters for Phycoremediation and Biomaterials Production

Abstract Climate change and increasing world population call for careful utilization of water and energy sources. Microalgae to treat wastewater in a coupled process to produce biofuels and other value-added products for human consumption are promising solutions. An analysis of culture parameters and cultivation processes is presented as essential to achieve economical sustainability from the algae. Results of the activity of microalgal strains in detoxification of wastewater are compared and discussed, particularly in remediation of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds, heavy metal, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Phycoremediation mechanisms and culture conditions to obtain optimal microalgal growth are discussed. Finally, valuable products that can be produced by microalgae and ecological problems of untreated wastewater are presented.

A Systematic Framework for Quantifying Production System-Specific Challenges in Life Cycle Inventory Data Collection

Understanding the environmental impacts of production setups and process parameters is a necessity for process optimization and new process development within sustainable manufacturing. Previous research studies have focused on developing standard methodologies and frameworks for parametrically modelling the life cycle inventories of unit manufacturing processes. However, these approaches do not fully account for the challenges associated with implementing life cycle inventory models in real-world production setups. Therefore, the time- and cost-intensiveness associated with constructing such models limit their use for identifying sustainability-focused process improvements in complex, real-world production processes. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a framework to identify process inventory data that have a significant influence on process resource consumption, taking into consideration the difficulties and variabilities in measuring these data. The overarching goal is to identify feasible process improvements from the perspective of process monitoring for sustainable manufacturing. The application of the proposed framework is presented using a case study on a real-world through-feed centerless grinding production process for rotor manufacturing. This study reveals grinding time is the most sensitive process parameter among the other time-related parameters. The manual nature of the process, lack of a data acquisition system, non-standardized sequence of operation, and inability to capture in-process measurements without disrupting real-time production significantly contributes to the difficulty and variability of measuring grinding time.

Optimization and Adjustment of Production Process Parameters in Order to Reduce Production Costs and Increase Quality

The purpose of tolerance design is to determine the limits for the parameters in such a way as to minimize the design error. Determining the optimal tolerance for pipe production devices and connections reduce waste, increase customer satisfaction, reduce rework costs and increase the satisfaction of installers. Due to the high cost of production and quality in the respective companies, and customer dissatisfaction due to loose pipes in the connection, in this paper, an integrated model to reduce production costs and quality is provided. Based on this, using the multi-year data of the company, the experience of senior managers and SPSST software, a suitable regression model for pipe and connection production has been extracted. The proposed model is obtained by genetic algorithm in MATLAB software coding software and the optimal amount of effective parameters for pipe and connection production is obtained. The proposed model saves 5.8% and for the first company 13.06% for the second company.

A comprehensive synopsis on cognizance of Regulatory Affairs in different sectors of Pharmacy

A pharmaceutical drug regulatory Affairs is mainly involved in registration process parameters of different pharmaceutical products and new drug application. Regulatory affairs (RA) professionals play vital roles in a pharmaceutical field as, it is related to healthcare products. It provides strategic, operational direction and support for working within regulations to expedite the development of pharmaceutical, biological and medical devices. Also, it is principally concern with safety and efficacy, low risk/high benefit and quality assessment of healthcare drug products throughout the world. Regulatory system of each and every country has different regulatory agencies which govern certification and good manufacturing practices. Regulatory Affairs also has a very specific importance within the formulation and marketing of drug product in pharmaceutical industries. Current abstract reports for the first time and emphasizes on studies concerning awareness and knowledge testing in regulatory affair field by the various pharma professionals. This is completely certified online survey of quiz questionnaire based on important concepts in RA and circulated via google form to different social medias to more than 1000 pharma professionals (Academics, Students, Industrials area). The systematic analysis of received responses reveals awareness and knowledge of the participants about RA in selected pharma professionals. It shows that, participants form industrial area having more knowledge than academics and students. This survey comes out with conclusion that, there is more need to raise RA information sources by the inclusion of this subject in syllabus for academics via various courses to fulfill more RA professional demands in future.

Novel approach to ensure the dimensional stability of large-format enameled porcelain stoneware tiles through water absorption control

Large-format ceramic tiles are prone to dimensional variation that is detected as warping, which is often due to the appearance of a defect called delayed curvature. This problem is associated with residual stresses that are generated inside these large ceramic pieces via the formation of a liquid phase during sintering. The present study aims to correlate the influence of the interaction between the raw materials and the production process parameters on the absorption of water and dimensional variation. This was achieved by developing an alternative control procedure to minimize the dimensional variation. To achieve this objective, all raw materials of the standard formulation selected for the study were subjected to physico-chemical characterization. The dimensional variation was analyzed by investigating the technical characterizations and procedural control parameters applied to coatings produced with the standard formulation by using developed protocols. The dimensional variation and water absorption were monitored daily for up to 10 d after heat treatment at two temperatures: 1191 °C (process temperature) and 1203 °C (test temperature). These evaluations were carried out on a pilot-scale and revealed that the internal tension of certain pieces of the porcelain stoneware tiles tended to stabilize within 72 h after heat treatment (firing), which significantly reduced the dimensional variation in these regions. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to create a correlation model for the curvature of the pieces, which related the absorption of water to both the amplitude and speed of stabilization.

Alcoholysis approach for an efficient and cleaner production of diosgenin by low cost and green carbon based solid acids from biomass residues

Aiming to achieve more efficient and cleaner production of diosgenin, the waste liquid and residue in the process should be minimized or utilized. An alcoholysis approach was adopted to obtain diosgenin from zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW) using carbon-based solid acids as catalysts, which were prepared from the residues of the process via in situ carbonization and sulfonation. Solid acids were also subjected to a full range of physicochemical characterizations. The single factor and response surface methods were used to optimize the production process parameters of diosgenin. The best yield of hydrolysis with glycolic acid is 22.40%, which is 18.55% higher than traditional hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The solid acids can be reused for 5 cycles with less loss of activity. Importantly, after a simple regeneration procedure, it can be further recycled another 5 times and maintain the same activity as before. Possible alcoholysis routes and mechanisms were analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, which has an important application foreground in diosgenin production.

Optimization of Injection-Molding Process for Thin-Walled Polypropylene Part Using Artificial Neural Network and Taguchi Techniques.

Plastics are commonly used engineering materials, and the injection-molding process is well known as an efficient and economic manufacturing technique for producing plastic parts with various shapes and complex geometries. However, there are certain manufacturing defects related to the injection-molding process, such as short shot, shrinkage, and warpage. This research aims to find optimum process parameters for high-quality end products with minimum defect possibility. The Artificial Neural Network and Taguchi Techniques are used to find a set of optimal process parameters. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to calculate the weight of each defect in the proposed thin-walled part. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using SolidWorks plastics is used to simulate the injection-molding process for polypropylene parts and validate the proposed optimal set of process parameters. Results showed the best end-product quality was achieved at a filling time of 1 s, cooling time of 3 s, pressure-holding time of 3 s, and melt temperature of 230 °C. The end-product quality was mostly influenced by filling time, followed by the pressure-holding time. It was found that the margin of error for the proposed optimization methods was 1.5%, resulting from any uncontrollable parameters affecting the injection-molding process.

Applied spectroscopy methods application in the defluorinated phosphate production technological process control problem

The paper considers the applied optical spectroscopy methods application in the defluorinated phosphate production, controlling the technological process task. The emission spectral analysis using the method possibilities to control the charge hydrothermal acid processing process, which takes place in special furnaces with natural gas burning and a temperature of 1340 – 1400°C, have been studied. Experiments have been carried out in production conditions, and the radiation spectral characteristics study results from the furnace during the defluorination technological process are presented. It is shown that, by measuring individual spectral lines, it is possible to provide an automatic control mode for the defluorination technological process in the furnace burner controlling the combustion mode terms without the need for visual observation by the operator to ensure a better product yield. The work second part is devoted to the defluorinated phosphate chemical composition study by the laser-spark emission spectrometry method (LIBS). The LIBS method application for the defluorinated phosphate chemical composition analysis is proposed, which allows the production process parameters real-time control. The plasma spectra measurement and interpretation results from the ready-made defluorinated phosphate sample, obtained using the LIBS method, are presented.

Optimization of Process Parameters for Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Bacillus pumilus AHSD 04, a Seed Borne Endophyte of Oleaginous Plant Arachis hypogaea L.

Endophytic bacteria, which thrive inside the plants, synthesize and accumulate intracellular biopolymer polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) to strive against the hostile plant environment. The present study is focused on enhancing the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)], the most common PHA by the seed endophytic bacterium Bacillus pumilus AHSD 04 (GenBank accession number KY038573; MCC accession number 3573) isolated from the oleaginous plant Arachis hypogaea L. Interactions among the three most important influencing variables, glucose, tryptose, and initial pH affecting growth and P(3HB) production were studied using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). A 3.94-fold enhancement of P(3HB) production (5.36 g/L) was achieved over that of the 'one variable at a time' method. The isolate also produced co-polymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] with the incorporation of 4.98 mol% 3HV during dual-step cultivation using glucose and valeric acid as co-substrate. The polymers, P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV), so produced have been validated and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic analysis. It is apparent that RSM has been successfully established as a promising tool to increase P(3HB) yield by the seed endophyte B. pumilus AHSD 04, which can further be utilized to scale up the production of these biodegradable polymers of industrial importance.

Improvement of the computational method for determining the cryoscopic temperature of functional ice cream mixtures

Nowadays the functional ice cream production keeps developing. Due to that the traditional composition of the ice cream is amended. In case of substitution of the low molecular weight nutrients (sucrose, lactose and mineral salts of dry skimmed milk residue) with technologically functional nutrients, it changes the cryoscopic temperature, which influences the parameters of production process, in particular the temperature of the ice cream getting from the freezer. In this regard, the problem of calculating the cryoscopic temperature of ice cream mixtures has become acute, since it is not possible to find this parameter experimentally at all food enterprises. While calculating the cryoscopic temperatures on the basis of existing reference data, in some cases the authors encountered a significant (more than 0.5 °C) deviation of the calculation results from the experimental data. In order to establish the cause of these deviations, the authors analyzed aqueous solutions of sucrose, fructose, trehalose, erythritol, maltodextrin, polydextrose, sorbitol, glucose-fructose syrup, dry glucose syrup, inulin in concentrations that provide for the cryoscopic temperatures of solutions within the range from 0 °C to minus 6 °C. The cryoscopic temperature of the solutions was measured by an osmometer-cryoscope, and the conventional molecular weight of the substances was calculated on the basis of Raoult ratio, taking into account the high molecular weight substances and admixed impurities. It was shown that the values of the conventional molecular weight for trehalose and sorbitol solutions differ by more than 15% from the values of chemically pure substances due to presence of low molecular weight monomers in their composition. The presented experimental data on the conventional molecular weight values can be used for calculation of cryoscopic temperature of various types of mixtures used for ice cream production. As an example of application of obtained clarified values of conventional molecular weights, this article provides a method for calculation of cryoscopic temperature of low sucrose and sucrose-free ice cream mixtures, as well as a comparison of the calculation results with experimentally obtained data.