Jute Products Research Articles

Fabrication and Characterization of Jute-covered Core-spun Yarn Produced on Flyer-spinning Frame

Recently, the consumption of core-spun yarn is increasing owing to its growing application in functional textiles. In a core-spun yarn, filaments as a core material are being used to provide functional properties, while natural fibers as a cover material are being used to provide surface physical properties and a natural outlook. In this study, jute-covered core-spun yarns containing polyester filaments with different linear densities were made in a modified jute flyer-spinning frame with the distinguishably positioned filament feed. The physico-mechanical properties of the manufactured core-spun yarns were examined, and the results were analyzed with the SPSS software. Compared with the 100% jute yarn, the jute-covered core-spun yarns have significantly higher tenacity (233.13% to 315.5%) and breaking elongation (257.9% to 367%), and lower unevenness (Um%), imperfection values, and degree of hairiness. Such good-quality core-spun yarn can be used in functional, value-added, and different diversified jute products.

Selenium Application Decreases the Enrichment and Human Exposure Risk of Cadmium in the Leaf of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) Planted in Uncontaminated Purple Soil

The effects of soil selenium (Se) application on the enrichment and human exposure risk of heavy metals in the jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) leaf have attracted extensive attention. The jute was planted with or without soil Se addition for 265 days. The jute leaf was harvested seven times during the experiment to determine the content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and Se. The results showed that the enrichment ability ranked Cd > Se > Pb. Cd in the jute leaf exceeded the average pollutant limit in GB2762-2017 by 1.37 times without Se application. The Se application is conducive to an increase of Se by 88.11–202.79%, contrarily reducing Cd by 35.40–38.32% and Pb by 9.58–26.57%. In general, the risk quotients (HQ) of Cd and Pb were decreased and less than 1 with Se treatment. Thus, the human exposure risk of Cd and Pb is negligible when ingesting the jute leaf via diet. It is suggested that Se can be applied to inhibit the enrichment of Cd and Pb in the jute production process to reduce the potential exposure risk of Cd and Pb to the human body and increase economic and nutritional values by raising Se levels in the jute leaf.

A Prognostic Based Fuzzy Logic Method to Speculate Yarn Quality Ratio in Jute Spinning Industry

Jute is a bio-degradable, agro-renewable, and widely available lingo cellulosic fiber having high tensile strength and initial modulus, moisture regain, good sound, and heat insulation properties. For these unique properties and eco-friendly nature of jute fibers, jute-based products are now widely used in many sectors such as packaging, home textiles, agro textiles, build textiles, and so forth. The diversified applications of jute products create an excellent opportunity to mitigate the negative environmental effect of petroleum-based products. For producing the best quality jute products, the main prerequisite is to ensure the jute yarn quality that can be defined by the load at break (L.B), strain at break (S.B), tenacity at break (T.B), and tensile modulus (T.M). However, good quality yarn production by considering these parameters is quite difficult because these parameters follow a non-linear relationship. Therefore, it is essential to build up a model that can cover this entire inconsistent pattern and forecast the yarn quality accurately. That is why, in this study, a laboratory-based research work was performed to develop a fuzzy model to predict the quality of jute yarn considering L.B, S.B, T.B, and T.M as input parameters. For this purpose, 173 tex (5 lb/spindle) and 241 tex (7 lb/spindle) were produced, and then L.B, S.B, T.B and T.M values were measured. Using this measured value, a fuzzy model was developed to determine the optimum L.B, S.B, T.B, and T.M to produce the best quality jute yarn. In our proposed fuzzy model, for 173 tex and 241 tex yarn count, the mean relative error was found to be 1.46% (Triangular membership) and 1.48% (Gaussian membership), respectively, and the correlation coefficient was 0.93 for both triangular and gaussian membership function. This result validated the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy model for an industrial application. The developed fuzzy model may help a spinner to produce the best quality jute yarn.

Development of Fire Retardant on Jute by Chemical Means

Jute is highly flammable in character. Due to its high degree of flammability, the versatile use of this fibre is handicapped to some extent, particularly in some specific purpose where jute products with flame resistance finishes and demanded. Considering this disadvantage, a research project was undertaken to make this fibre flameproof and therefore safer in specialized textile uses. The study was performed using yarn and fabrics which were desized with diastase and lissapol-N. Yarn and fabrics were scoured with sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide under some standard conditions. These pretreated yarns and fabrics were used in the whole experimental work. The treated yarns were tested for flame retardant by subjecting them to the luminous flame of Bunsen burner and by observing the time of flaming (after flame) and time of glowing (flameless combustion, after glow), if any Percentage losses of strength of the treated yarn and fabrics were also measured by standard method. Different solutions of fire resistant chemicals were prepared to change the chemical, concentration and pH ratio of the solution. Jute fabrics and yarns treated with 65% solution of urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (the ratio of urea and ADP being 3:2) together with 2% Turpex NP and 3-6% perapret PE-40% were found durably flame retardant causing minimum loss of the strength. This research was focused on fire resistant treatment of jute yarn and fabrics with different chemicals to make jute products for diversified textile uses.

Impact Assessment of Adoption of Innovative Jute Production Technologies Developed by ICAR-CRIJAF

ICAR- Central Research Institute of jute and allied fi bres (CRIJAF) has developed a technology cluster of four diff erent technologies- CRIJAF SONA, CRIJAF Nail Weeder, Multirow seed drill and improved seed variety JRO 204 (Suren). It has promised to increase the productivity of the jute fi bres at the same time reduce the cost of cultivation by cutting off the labour requirements. In this context the villages of 24 Parganas (N) and Nadia districts of West Bengal were selected where the institute has already disseminated its innovative technologies. Two categories of 40 farmers, consisting of adopter and non-adopters, each from the two villages were selected in order to carry out the study in the year 2021. Total 160 respondents were selected as sample. The objective was to determine the impact of the interventions on the fi bre yield, cost of cultivation, income and labour requirement in the jute farming using z-test as well as paired t test. The results revealed that adoption of the innovative jute production technologies have indeed brought positive impact by increasing the fi bre yield and income as well as reduced the labour requirement and cultivation costs

Systematic pad dry cure technique for augmenting the flame resistance functionality of jute fabric

Applying flame retardant finish on jute makes flame protective jute products that can be another diversified use of it. The target of this experiment is to observe the flame retardancy improvement of the fabric properties after finishing treatment with various flame retardant chemicals. The untreated (raw) and H 2 O 2 bleached jute fabrics having plain weave were used in this experiment. Borax, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and thiourea were used as flame retardant chemicals. The combinations of these chemicals were applied to the fabrics by the pad-dry-cure method with various concentrations. Vertical flammability, breaking load percentage, and weight gain percentage were performed on all samples to observe the change in fabric properties. Significant improvement was found for all chemical combinations compared to untreated fabrics. Here, the flame spread time and weight gain percentage increase, but the breaking load percentage decreases for every combination. Among all combinations, the borax and DAP combination especially at 6% concentration shows the 305% improvement of flame spread time for raw jute and 276% for bleached jute fabric. In contrast, the borax and thiourea combination showed the progress of weight gain percentage. Besides, better wash durability was reported for all samples after five washing cycles. These flame-retardant jute fabrics have prospective industrial applications as brattice cloth in mines and many other potential fields of applications such as flame-retardant kitchen aprons, furnishings for a public hall, theater and hospitals. • Combined flame retardant chemicals were applied. • Pad dry cure technique was exploited for better functionalization of jute. • Bleached jute exhibited good flame retardancy. • Flame retardant exhibited excellent washing durability. • A sustainable approach for fire protective clothing was presented.

Effect of Biodegradable Polybags from Jute Fibre in the Textile Sector of Bangladesh

Jute is a ligno cellulosic bastfibre of natural origin. Bangladesh produces almost 45% of world jute production. Jute is called the golden fibre of Bangladesh. Around 5trillionpolybags are used worldwide per year and 160000 polybags per second are consumed worldwide. Less than one percent of these polybags are recycled. These polybags are completely non biodegradable and hampers the world environment significantly such as create obstacle in the food chain when they are thrown into the seawater and consumed by fishes when the polybag plastics are broken down into tiny pieces. If these synthetic polybags are replaced with natural fibre like jute then the world environment will be saved from the hazardous impact of the synthetic polybags. Jute polybags are 100% ecofriendly. The main chemical ingredients of jute polybags are jute cellulose, synthetic polymer as binder and a cross linker for the chemical reaction. In this study the impact of jute polybags were studied very carefully with SWOT analysis. It was evident in the study that if jute origin polybags are used then it effects the environment as well as it contributes to the economy of Bangladesh as Bangladesh is the second largest producer of jute.

Trend Analysis of Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops of Assam

This paper emphasized trend analysis, growth rate and instability of the area, rice production and yield, and jute Rapeseed & Mustard in Assam. In this study, the different linear and non-linear function was used to fit the best-fitted Trend with the help of the value of measures of determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE). Quadratic functions were found to be the best-fitted trend equation for the estimation of area, production and yield of selected crops of Assam. The result shows an increasing trend for area, production and yield, except the area of Jute shows decreasing Trend. The compound growth rate of area, production and yield of Rice, Jute Rapeseed & Mustard seems significant and positive growth, but the area and production of Jute revealed a negative growth rate in Assam. From the value of the coefficient of variation (C.V), it has been observed that the production of all three crops has higher variation and the area of all selected crops has lower variation. The yield of Rice seems to have a very high variation in Rice, but Jute Rapeseed & Mustard shows a stable result.

Effect of Harvesting Time on the Fiber Yield and Characterization of Jute Fiber

ABSTRACT The variation in the interior and exterior properties of jute fiber depends on harvesting time. But jute fibers to convert diversified products require certain qualities. The purpose of this study is to determine fiber yield and characterize the physico-chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of jute fiber at different harvesting times. Field data were analyzed with the help of “Statistix 10” software, and assessment of jute fiber characterization at different harvesting times was done using chemical analysis, Stelometer, fiber fineness analysis system, photovolt meter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). According to the results, the maximum fiber yield (3.53 ton/ha) and whiteness or color lightness (40.76%) were obtained at 120 days of harvesting time. The strength (gm/tex) 51.05, diameter (μm) 34.13, and cellulose content (%) 65.58 of 60 days’ sample was good when compared to other days’ samples. FTIR assessment of the jute fiber reveals the presence of functional groups. The 105 days’ sample has highly thermal stability when compared to other samples. This research will be helpful to select proper raw jute fiber for its end users in potential variegated jute products.

Impacts of Major Crop Production on the Agricultural Sector in Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis

The main objective of this research article is to analyze the impact of the production of some major crops, namely rice, jute, wheat, sugarcane, and potato on the agriculture sector in Bangladesh. The agriculture sector is considered an important sector of the Bangladeshi economy, which supplies a significant proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP). Annual time-series data for the period 1988–2017 is used for the study. Several econometric techniques are employed to examine the data, including the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen cointegration test, and ordinary least squares (OLS) method. To validate the model, some residual diagnostic tests, namely a normality test, heteroskedasticity test, serial correlation test, and stability diagnostic test are conducted. The findings of the study demonstrate that there are two cointegrating equations in the model. Furthermore, both wheat and jute production have a significant positive impact on the agriculture sector. Although the impacts of rice and potato production on the agriculture sector are positive, these are not significant at the 5 or 10 percent significance level. On the other hand, sugarcane production has a negative and significant impact on the agriculture sector, which was not expected. Based on the results, this paper recommends that the government of Bangladesh should focus on designing and implementing new funding policies and subsidies to improve the growth, production, and development of the sugarcane sector. Finally, the government should be concerned about climate change-related factors that negatively affect crop production in Bangladesh.

Development of Water Repellency on Jute Fabric by Chemical Means for Diverse Textile Uses

Jute is one of the natural cellulosic textile materials. It has many advantageous properties similar to cotton. Jute fibre has potential to impart different functionality by different chemical finishing for its diversification. In this research, Water repellent jute fabrics have been prepared by treating Nova TTC (fluorocarbon compound) different ratio and to find out the best formulation recipe. Treating fabrics have been impaired with a water repellent characteristic and showing good rating result on jute fabric .This water repellent fabric was suitable of various jute products for diverse textile uses.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of the pathogen of jute anthracnose in China

<p id="C3">Anthracnose is a major fungal disease that seriously affects the yield and quality in jute fiber. Identifying the types of anthracnose pathogens and determining their pathogenicity will help jute disease-resistant breeding and develop elite disease-resistant gene resources. The 92 strains were isolated and purified from samples of diseased jute, which were collected from 7 jute production areas including Fuzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian Province, Xinyang City in Henan Province, Liu’an City in Anhui Province, Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province, Nanning City in Guangxi Province, and Changsha City in Hunan Province. The sequence analysis of the rDNA-ITS region showed that 11 out of the 92 strains were typical anthracnose pathogens. Further identification of the phylogenetic tree of the LSU region and morphological characteristics revealed that 10 strains, including ZZ4 and GX19, were <italic>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</italic>, while the strain of CS3 was <italic>Colletotrichum dematium</italic>. The pathogenicity test of artificial inoculation indicated that there was a significant difference in pathogenicity between <italic>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</italic> and <italic>Colletotrichum dematium</italic>. These results laid a basis for identification of resistance gene loci and effective controlling of anthracnose in jute.

Investigation of the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Different Portions of Tossa and White Jute Fibre

This research work investigates to select the appropriate portion like top, middle, bottom for both Tossa and White jute for suitable applications such as reinforcement, blending yarn, and diversified jute products. The fundamental properties of Tossa and White such as bundle strength, fineness, breaking twist, and whiteness (%) were studied. It was observed that the maximum strength found at the bottom portion for both Tossa and White were 10.35 lbs/mg, 10.08 lbs/mg respectively. The results revealed the higher breaking twist and whiteness (%) at the middle portion for both Tossa and White jute were 42.65, 36.75, 42.5%, 39% respectively. The better fineness found that at the top portion of Tossa and White jute were 36.15, 31.05 respectively.

Preliminary study on the rapid assembly emergency shelter

Floods are the most common natural disaster that occurs in Malaysia, especially during the monsoon season. Emergency shelter is provided immediately to provide a safe and secure place for the victims to stay after a disaster. The typical emergency shelter provided by the government is an indoor emergency modular. However, the victims’ privacy and safety cannot be ensured, and feel uncomfortable. Hence, a better emergency shelter that is easy to assemble, dismantled, light, and strong should provide to the victims. The proposed conceptual design of a rapid assembly emergency shelter is a stackable shelter. The shelter can be stacked when the floor is separated from the shelter’s body and the beds are folded. This design allows many emergency shelters to be transported to the evacuation site in one trip. The material for the shelter’s body is natural fibre reinforced polymer composite. The natural fibre selected is jute, as the production of jute is high. The floor’s material is hollow composite wood decking, while the material for footings, bed, window, door and roof window is high-density polyethylene (HDPE). With the simple design of the shelter, the installation procedure also becomes very easy and can be installed by non-professional people.

Commercialization of Bangladeshi Jute and Jute goods: A Special Case Study

Due to new market entrants, marketing of raw jute and jute products is currently under intense competitive pressure. In Bangladesh, the production of diverse jute products has also picked up speed. This study tries to identify new markets for goods made of jute in Bangladesh. Fifteen target markets of five different continents are examined in this regard. To get a full idea about the market different factors, consumer behavior of some markets, supply chain analysis including industry analysis is done. Traders and product demand of those countries have also identified in this paper. After analysis this research gives us the idea that Bangladesh earns more by exporting value added products than raw jute. Also, it suggests some marketing strategies for the exporter and will give a easy way to commercialize their produced products to the International market. Keywords: Brightness level, FTIR, Shrinkage test, Diversified jute.

Socio-psychological Determinants for Technology Socialisation of Jute Production in West Bengal

Jute is a major commercial crop grown by majority of the small and marginal farmers of West Bengal. To make this venture profitable ICAR-Central Research Institute of Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF) had developed innovative jute production technologies. The study was conducted during 2021 at villages of North 24 Parganas and Nadia districts of West Bengal where ICAR-CRIJAF had disseminated its innovative technologies. A sample of 160 jute growers comprising of 80 adopter farmers and 80 non-adopter farmers were selected randomly. The objective was to identify the influence of the socio-psychological characteristics of the jute growers on their level of technology socialisation. Canonical correlation analysis was carried out to find the association between these two sets of variables. The variables; achievement motivation, innovativeness, education, land holdings etc. moved together with adoption whereas farming experience and age followed the same direction as rejection and discontinuance.

Production and Profitability Study of White Jute Seed at Farmer’s Level in Different Areas of Bangladesh

Production and Profitability Study of White Jute Seed at Farmer’s Level in Different Areas of Bangladesh

In silico identification of conserved miRNAs in the genome of fibre biogenesis crop Corchorus capsularis

Corchorus capsularis, commonly known as jute occupies the leading position in the production of natural fibre alongside lower environmental threat. Small noncoding ~21 to 24 nucleotides long microRNAs play significant roles in regulating the gene expression as well as different functions in cellular growth and development. Here, the study adopted a comprehensive in silico approach to identify and characterize the conserved miRNAs in the genome of C. capsularis including functional annotation of specific gene targets. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) based homology search of 3350 known miRNAs of dicotyledons were allowed against 763 non-redundant ESTs of jute genome, resulted in the prediction of 5 potential miRNA candidates belonging five different miRNA families (miR1536, miR9567-3p, miR4391, miR11300, and miR8689). The putative miRNAs were composed of 18 nucleotides having a range of -0.49 to -1.56 MFEI values and 55%–61% of (A + U) content in their pre-miRNAs. A total of 1052 gene targets of putative miRNAs were identified and their functions were extensively analyzed. Most of the gene targets were involved in plant growth, cell cycle regulation, organelle synthesis, developmental process and environmental responses. Five gene targets, namely, NAC Domain Containing Protein, WRKY DNA binding protein, 3-dehydroquinate synthase, S-adenosyl-L-Met–dependent methyl transferase and Vascular-related NAC-Domain were found to be involved in the lignin biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathways and secondary wall formation. The present study might accelerate the more miRNA discovery, strengthening the complete understanding of miRNAs association in the cellular basis of lignin biosynthesis towards the production of high standard jute products.

State-Owned Jute Mills in Bangladesh: Problems and Possible Way-Out

Historically, jute is known as the golden fibre of Bangladesh, a leading cash crop and major export item for Bangladesh. Unfortunately, the production and export of jute have been declining since the 1970s due to the various internal and external problems. The Bangladesh government has recently declared to shut down the production at all state-owned jute mills. This paper aims to determine the reasons behind the state-owned jute mills failure and feasible solutions to unravel the problems. An in-depth interview with 10 (ten) industry experts was conducted to collect primary data. Secondary information has been collected from different books, websites, articles and newspapers. The demand for various and versatile jute products has been increasing globally over the last two decades. Still, in Bangladesh, the jute sector&amp;#39;s development is no longer satisfactory to retain its glorious position towards the world because of having some major problems such as mismanagement and corruption of BJMC, lack of modern machinery, lack of skilled workers, weak marketing and government policies etc. Most state-owned jute mills under BJMC are stuck in dishonesty and lavishness alongside ageing infrastructure. They have been incurring losses for years, turning profits in just four of the last 48 years. Reform and restructuring of BJMC, modernizing factory with the latest technology, providing enough training to employees, investment in research work, improvement in the production process, efficient marketing strategy and appropriate government policies might help the state-owned jute mills to regain its position in the national and international market. There are no reasons to shut down the production where reformation is adequate to make the state-owned jute mills profitable. At least, the time to shut down state-owned jute mills is not right due to the Coronavirus pandemic.

Impact of Climatic Variables on Major Field Crops in Char Areas of Mymensingh District

An agro-climatic study was conducted at different areas (Bhatiapara, Kashiar Char and Morichar Char) of Mymensingh district with 25 years of climatic data (i.e., temperature, humidity and rainfall) to observe the climatic variability and their impact on the productivity of three types of crops such as Boro, Jute and Wheat. Production of all the three crops were found as increasing. In Boro season, the production increased by 0.057 ton per hectare per year. Jute production increased by 0.029 ton per hectare and Wheat production increased by 0.067 ton per hectare in each year, respectively. Humidity has influence on seasonal Boro production whereas temperature and rainfall didn’t influence the production. Temperature has influences on both Jute and Wheat production. From correlation analysis, it was revealed that average humidity has considerable influence on seasonal Boro production than all other crops. However, most of the time the production showed increasing trend with some exceptions. The study recommends that local adaptation practices should be scrutinized, the role of institutional support should be highlighted and national adaptation strategies and resilience should be strengthened.&#x0D; Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 12(1&amp;2): 51-55, 2019